托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词

想要快速理解托福阅读的文章，考生需要学会把握文章句子和段落之间存在的各类逻辑关系。下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词汇总一览 ,希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

【精选资料】托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词汇总一览

1.显示相同信息的信号词

There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.

“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：

and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2.显示思路转折的信号词

I'd like to go but I'm too busy.

“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet

3.显示因果关系的信号词

As a result of the pilots'strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots'strike.

所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：

for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently

4.显示顺序的信号词

Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and

television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services.

Second,the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.

抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样

的信号词包括：

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally

5.表示结论/总结的信号词

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信

号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

托福阅读：得到高分的三个原则

“直”的原则

所谓“直”，是指托福阅读出题思路直接，所有题目的答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非

常明显的对应点。这一特点告诉考生，在解题时，考生一定要根据原文内容来解题，

避免“小题大做”，人为地把题目想象得太复杂，否则就是自己给自己找麻烦。

就拿考生熟悉的细节题来说，托福阅读细节题的解题要点有两个要点：一是根据题干

关键词回原文定位答案范围;二是将题目选项与原文语句相对照，正确选项往往是原文

语句的同义替换。

因此，考生在解题时，一定要对照选项与原文语句之间的异同，找出与原文语句意思

相似的选项，也就找到了正确答案。

“细”的原则

所谓“细”，是指考生在利用题干关键词回原文定位答案范围时一定要细心。我们知道，考生在解答托福阅读考试题时，常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原

文定位答案范围，然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。

由于题干中有些关键词(尤其是专有名词)在原文中不止出现一次，因而考生一定要细心，找出原文中所有含该关键词的句子，然后再从中选择与题干要求接近的句子来定

位答案范围，进而选出正确答案。很多考生由于没有注意到这一点，导致定位错误，

进而与正确答案失之交臂，实在是非常可惜。

“巧”的原则

所谓“巧”，是指考生在回原文定位答案范围时应该选择恰当的题干关键词，并从托福

阅读考试的特点出发，巧妙而又地定位答案范围。“巧”的原则具体体现在以下几个方面：

1、用于定位的题干关键词一般包括人名、地名、数字、关键名词或动词等，考生在回原文定位答案范围时，可同时利用多个关键词进行定位，原文中包含题干绝大多数关

键词的部分有可能是答案所在;

2、在利用关键词回原文定位时，考生可根据原文中出现的特殊标点符号(如破折号、

连字符、引号、括号等)、数字、专有名词等这些比较明显的提示进行跳读，题干的关

键词以及题目的答案范围往往就出现在这些有明显提示信息的表达附近;

3、由于阅读部分的考查点经常与转折、比较、否定、因果等逻辑密切相关，因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这些重要的考点来进行定位。结合这三点，考生便能又快又

准地找到出题人设计答案所依据的句子，后再按照“直”的原则选择答案。

从上面的分析可以看出，在托福阅读考试中，这三个字的作用是相互关联促进的。我

们也要灵活使用，帮助自己迅速解答问题，才能完成托福阅读备考的任务。

托福阅读：怎样探寻托福阅读的规律

如果你在新托福阅读考试之前知道了这个统计结果，即使在考试时你没有完全听懂对

话的内容，你也能得出正确的答案。虽然我们不能证明这些“规律”，但是对于历年的

考题却从不例外。当然，如果你对自己的听力水平评价很高的话，你可以不冒这个险。但是，至少它是一个替代的方案。以下是根据历年考题统计得出的结论。当然，如果

你自己发现了其它的某些规律，也应该把它总结出来。

(A)当两个人谈到吵或者安静时，后得出的结论总是：宿舍里读书很吵，应该去图书馆。而不会说搬到别的宿舍。

(B)当对话内容涉及演出(音乐会或者电影)或者展览时，后肯定说它非常好。即使他(她)不会欣赏这些展览或者演出，也会虚伪地说“It makes more sense next time”。

(C)当谈到住在校园里还是住在校外时，答案肯定是住在校园。

(D)当谈到某门课老师讲的如何时，回答肯定与“boring”相似;而当谈到课难不难时，肯定说难。

(E)对话谈到作业时，肯定都说作业很多，而且很难。

看到这些可以发现，只要在托福阅读考试中细心，什么困难都不怕。

托福阅读错题总结

托福阅读错题总结：改变计划——从第一套开始做！ TPO24：细节题做完之后，通读文章，了解全文的结构和主要内容层次一、Lake Water 2、词汇题gains：这里是增量的概念所以应该是increase，而不是存量的概念savings 8、比较细节题：弄清A比B还是B比A，Lake Erie体积小，选择表述相反但正确。 11、解释现象题：定位前后句，前面一句是：Climatic change影响很大，后面一句是： Theslowing down of water renewal leads to a chain of further consequences，由further可以推知Theslowing down of water renewal也是前面现象的原因 14、概括多选题：太细节的不选，没有提到的不选，选项一般是文章几个层次的内容。同一部分的内容不可能选两个答案。二、Breathing During Sleep 7、注意题目中的限定during NREM，和文章中的比较转折（往后看） 13、归类题：要理解文章的主要内容，对各部分的内容都要熟悉三、Moving into Pueblos 1、词汇题：traumatic，外力的，受迫的 3、理解推断题：要理解原文想要表达的意思，原来更加自由 5、细节题：定位对应段的内容，同义句的替换 14、概括多选题：表述过于绝对的选项是不正确的 TPO23：定位，理解，替换（分析定位句，转换含义），不要多想（文中没提到的绝对不选）一、Urban Climates 11、词汇题：modified（改进的——changed）中性的改变，increased修饰不合理。定位原句：Wind movements are also modified in cities because buildings increase the friction on air flowing around them. This friction tends to slow the speed of winds。 13、插入句子题：Another possibility is for the heat island to be stretched along the course of major rivers, since large waterways typically have a warming effect on the air directly above them. 原文环境：■The precise configuration of a heat island depends on several factors.■For example, the wind can make a heat island stretch in the direction it blows. ■When a heat island is well developed, variations can be extreme; in winter, busy streets in cities can be 1.7℃warmer than the side streets. ■ 通过标红的词，以及并列的语义：许多原因，例如XX，另一个XX，判断插入第三处。 14、多选题：分析文章的主要内容：城市热的一个现象——这个热是怎么造成的——形成热岛效应及其特征——城市表面空气造成的其他现象此题中其他三个选项都是文中没有提到的！二、Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture 2、句子同意转述题：Importing the grain, （which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves）, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods. 主干：Importing the grainkept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.虽然由and 连接，但其实是因果关系句！ Thus 一词体现出了因果关系！B. Because the Dutch were able to import inexpensive grain, they had money available to create a demand for other food products and consumer

托福阅读解题技巧-句子插入题(一)

托福阅读解题技巧-句子插入题（一）托福阅读不同于传统阅读，其中包含了”句子插入题”这类特殊题型，这也是托福阅读中相对难得分的题型。此类题型中，题干中会给出一个新的句子，然后会在原文段落中给出四个黑框，考察新句子在文章中最合适的位置。针对于此类题型的解答，有很多实用的方法，今天我们要介绍的是在剩余时间不多的情况下，最简单最便捷的解决方法-语义指代匹配法。在上下句的关联中，代词是最为紧密的一类词。当作者再次谈及上句相关话题时，为了避免重复，遵循语言学的最简单化原理，作者会用代词指代上文内容，常见指示代词this, that, these, those, 人称代词they, she, he, 或it ，还有their, such, another等。对于此类题型的具体解题步骤如下： ①确认指代对象：根据指代词找到其所指代的对象； ②定位指代对象：通过浏览扫描段落信息，确定指代对象位置； ③代入验证：把插入句代入含有指代对象所在句的后面进行验证即可。接下来，我们通过具体实例来论证使用语义指代匹配法。案例： Paragraph 1: Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans.■As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production. 11. Look at the four squares[■]that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.

托福阅读题型解析之这三类错题原本可以避免

托福阅读题型解析之这三类错题原本可以避免托福阅读题型解析, 这三类错题原本可以避免,今天给大家带来了托福阅读题型解析，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读题型解析这三类错题原本可以避免托福阅读题型解析一简化题形成原因：这种题型可能大家最常见的解决方法就是根据翻译来解题，但是你的翻译正确吗?这就是这种题型错误的主要原因了。分析及解决方法：这种题型的正确解题方法应该是利用对句子的理解来解题，而不是靠翻译，再说你的翻译也不一定是正确的。这类题型容易出错的主要原因在于考生往往先对原句进行翻译，然后从选项中找出和原句翻译类似的答案。这样的解题方式的弊端在于浪费时间，而且往往选项翻译都和原句出入不大，在选择时常常出错。

句子简化题的正确做法是利用逻辑解题。使用这种方式不容易出错，因为这种解题方法是从题型考察目的得来的。步骤是：首先看到句子之后的第一个反应是找句子内部的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有两种转折或者因果。举例来说，若原句有转折的逻辑关系，第一步需要做的事情是排掉选项中逻辑关系不对的即不是表示转折的，若选项中还有两个以上逻辑关系都相符合，那么采用的原则是逻辑成分的对应。托福阅读*技巧：这是第一步有逻辑关系的时候采用的方法;如果原句中没有明显的逻辑关系需要采用第二步--提取原句中的主干信息，排掉选项中主干信息不符的选项。托福阅读题型解析二词汇题形成原因：这是托福阅读考试当是出场率较高的一类题型，这种题型的易错原因主要是因为词汇量不足、忽略词汇语境的作用导致的。分析及解决方法：对于托福阅读考试当中出现频率较高的题型——词汇题，大部分原因是因为考生的词汇的不足，造成词汇不熟悉或者被选项词给难住了。考生需要知道的是，托福阅读考试词汇题一般考察的是英语六级以上的词汇水平，要想这类题型不出错，那么你的词汇基础就一定要打好。

托福培训丨托福阅读句子插入题解题要点

托福培训丨托福阅读句子插入题解题要点朗阁托福培训中心孙亚楠句子插入题是托福阅读中的一道必考题型，题量不多，每篇文章中出现一道。句子插入题是给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应该加入1-2个段落中的四个黑方块的哪个部分，用鼠标点击所选的黑色方块即可。做这类题目的关键首先是理解待插入的句子，寻找其中的衔接词，分析这个句子的特点和其在文中的作用，然后把这个句子带入原文中检验其是否合适。下面朗阁托福培训中心的专家将就句子插入题的解题步骤做出详细的说明。解题步骤与解题要点阅读并分析待插入的句子，找出其中的线索词；从第一个小黑方块前一句开始读，逐一代入进行验证；插入句必须满足前后两条线索，先前再后。（先用前线索再看后线索）从此步骤中可以看出掌握线索词是解答此题的关键，那么线索词都有哪些？主要有两大类，指代线索和逻辑线索。 1. 指代线索 (1). 指代词(they, it, them)必然有所指代；指代词(this, these, their, other, another, such)后面若有名词短语，则向前寻找此名词短语或其同义改写。例题1: Paragraph 4: Regularly flowing rivers and streams that originate within arid lands are known as "endogenous." These are generally fed by groundwater springs, and many issue from limestone massifs, such as the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Basaltic rocks also support springs, notably at the Jabal Al-Arab on the Jordan-Syria border. ■Endogenous rivers often do not reach the sea but drain into inland basins, where the water evaporates or is lost in the ground.

托福阅读分数对照表

常常有考友询问，为什么托福阅读明明有42个题，总分却只有30分，分数如何计算的呢？其实，每每看到这种问题，小编的内心是疼痛的。大家准备一个考试，却不看考试指导手册，考得不太理想，简直太正常了。就算天生神勇，也应该有个作战纲领呀！打开OG，第一部分就是托福阅读的介绍，编者首先给出了评分标准的表格。紧接着给出了各类题型的题型解析，这些就是托福阅读的考察内容，众位考友一定要反复研究，在准备考试时，下意识的按照出题者的思路去解题。那么托福阅读有些什么考察类型？应该怎么解题？

在iBT阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中，无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译，是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。 1、词汇题解题方法：若认识，直接解题，没得说；若不认识，就只能推断了。但是备考阶段最重要的一点。背单词！首先，考托福没有一定的词汇量等于直接酱油了，所以词汇量是一切的基础。 2、指代题考点：句子直接词之间的关系解题方法：（1）代词 a. 从句的主语指代主句的主宾语(使用属性判断,不用含义) b. 关系代词指代先行词(插入结构不影响指代关系) c. 重复概念指代: Tom and his cat(就近原则) d. some 和 others （2）名词 a. 优先选择题干的上下意词 m is a kind of M, M是m的上意词 b. 若上下意词不唯一则当作代词指代处理注意: a.被指代对象往往在代词之前出现 b. 从句开头往后找答案 c. 代词和被指代对象的数性和性质必须一致 d. 指代的传递现象 3、句子简化题解题方法：（1）确定题干句子中的逻辑成分逻辑成分主要包括：关联词，动词，状语而托福最爱考的逻辑主要是：因果，比较、最高级，否定（2）确定与逻辑相关的语义要依据最简化原则，抓句子中的逻辑要素。因果的逻辑要素是：原因结果比较的逻辑要素是：比较三要素最高级否定的逻辑要素是：作用对象（3）选择与题干逻辑语义一致的选项先主后次，从逻辑到语义（千万要保证逻辑正确）

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