新概念2定语从句最佳版
定语从句
一、弄清关系代词所指及其在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。
1．先行词指物时，用关系代词that／which在从句中作主语或宾语。如：He bought a coat that／which cost little．
他买了一件便宜上衣。（作主语）
The car which ／that he bought yesterday is a second-hand one．
他昨天买的车是个二手货。（作宾语）
2．先行词指人时，用关系代词that／who在从句中作主语或宾语（在口语中，代替whom）。如：
The man who ／that gave a speech on TV is the president．
昨天在电视上演讲的人是总统。（作主语）
This is the strange man that／who／whom I met yesterday．
这就是我昨天碰到的那个怪人。（作宾语）
3．whose在从句中作定语，既可指人，作“某（些）人的”解；也可指物，作“某（些）物的”解。如：
This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake．
这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。
We live in a house whose windows open to the south．
我们居住在一所窗户朝南的房子里。
理清上述关系还能帮助我们判断定语从句谓语动词的单复数。又如：
He is one of the students who work hard．
他是学习努力的学生之一。（who指先行词the students）
He is the only one of the students who goes abroad．他是学生中唯一出国的。（who 指先行词the only one）
（一）、只用which的情况
1、在定语从句中作介词的宾语且置于介词之后。
e.g The hotel in which they are staying is very expensive .
2、在先行词为物的非限制性定语从句。
e.g Basketball, which is an interesting games , is played all over the world.
3、在非限制性定语中，代表前面整个句子，有时代表前面主句中的表语部分。
e.g 1). Mr Li is a writer, which I should also like to be .
2). He is a good teacher, which we all know .
(二）、一般只用that 的情况
1、先行词为anything ,nothing ,everything , all ,much ,little , few等
e.g Is there anything that I can do for you ?
2、先行词前有all , any, every , no , little , much, only , very , last等修饰时。e.g He'll read all the books that are sold here.
3、先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时。
e.g This is the most wonderful film that I have never seen .
4、当先行词是to be 的表语时，或先行词本身就是从句的表语。
e.g It is a song that is very popular .
The school is no longer the one that it was used to be.
5、先行词包括人和物时。
e.g He talked about the people and the books that interested him.
6、由who, which 引起的疑问句。
e.g Who is the man that is talking to our headmaster ?
7、一个句子中有两个定语从句，若其中一个已用who/which ,另一个用that .
e.g The student who does best in his studies is the monitor that is very modest and honest.
8、与the same 连用（指同一物），构成the same….that 时，只能用that,且不能用as 代替。
e.g This is the same museum that you once visited .
（三）、用who 情况。
1、who可以代表人、人格化的动物、神话故事中的人物或有生命的事物。
e.g The dog who is barking is our pet .
2、在从句中作主语。
3、当先行词泛指代词he ,they或those 时，常用who .
e.g He who does no work gets no pay.
4、在there be 句型中，主语是人且是先行词时，多用who或省略.
e.g There is a man who lives in that village .
5、先行词前出现不定冠词时，多用who.
e.g He is a man who should learn from others .
6、先行词与从句分隔，用that 可能产生歧义时，应用who.
e.g I saw a man in the street who was surrounded by many people .
7、不定代词one , ones, anyone等作先行词时，多用who.
e.g One who works without complain is welcome here .
8、在非限制性定语从句中，一般要用who ,而不用that .
9、两个定语从句同时出现在一个句子中，第一个用that ，则第二个用who. （三）、as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的用法。
A.不能互换情况：
1、which 不能用于句首。
e.g As we all know, China is getting stronger and stronger .
2、as 有“正如，好像”之意，而且which 则没有。从句表达的内容与主句不一致或相反时(或对主句内容起着消极作用,或暗含因果关系），只能用which(=but this /that)
e.g He said the cat was afraid of rats in his house ,which was impossible, I think .
3、在一个主动式的定语从句中作主语，一般只用which .
e.g He gave the old lady a pair of new shoes for birthday, which excited her a lot .
4、在“It is kind /careful/careless/clever/silly…..of sb to do sth ."句型中，后跟定语从句，该从句一般只用which来引导（which代表整个不定式内容）
5. as 一般只代替整句话的内容,而which既代替整句话的内容,又可指代某个词或词组。如：
The deer are farmed for their meat and fur , which are then shipped to many other countries .
e.g They invited me to the party, which(=to invite me to the party) is kind of them . B．可以互换情况：
1、在一个被动式的定语从句中作主语。
e.g John got beaten in the game ,as /which had been expected .
2、在一个主动式的定语从句中作宾语。
e.g He was a foreigner ,as /which I knew from his accent .
3、在一个系表结构的定语从句中作主语或作表语。
e.g Sam married Molly , as / which was natural .
When deeply moved by some story, as/which she often was ,she would at once tell it to her husband who lost his sight .
非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句，顾名思义，是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定从句，它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或事、物。例如：
A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much．
一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。
A man被限定后，指一类特定的人。
限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之
间通常必须有逗号隔开。例如：
Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam，which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present．
最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝，它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。
本句若去掉定语从句，主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考题中，非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一，因此值得我们注意。
二、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。例如：
That Peter will marry Alice，which has not been announced yet，has spread around．
彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬。
句子中的which指代“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这件事。
三、除which外，还可用when，where，who，whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
After graduation，I decided to stay in Chongqing，where I spent my childhood and four years
of college life．
毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II，when Jews were badly treated in Germany．
第二次世界大战期间，爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国，那时犹太人在德国受到极大的歧视。
注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
四、在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。试比较：The American journalist (whom ／who）the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters．
播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and respected as his own mother．
他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。
关系副词where, when和why
同学们对定语从句已经有了初步的认识。我们已学了关系代词who，whom，whose，which和that的用法，这里就说说关系副词where，when和why引导定语从句时的语义特点和用法特点。
一、关系副词where引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place，room，mountain，airport等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词where引导。例如：
The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable prehistorical rock paintings by chance．
那两个迷路的男孩碰巧进入了一个山洞，在那里他们意外地发现了一些非常有价值的史前岩画。
在上述例句中，where代表in the cave，作地点状语。
2．通常，引导定语从句的where大都可以转换成“介词＋which”的形式。例如：
The American soldiers rushed into the President Mansion where ／in which they found those gold bars．美国士兵冲进总统官邸，在那里他们发现了那些金条。
3．当表示地点的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不是用where。试比较：
The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that ／which）people all over the world look forward to visiting．
长江三峡是个美丽的地方，全世界的人都渴望来参观。
The Yangtze River is our mother river where the Chinese people have created the brilliant Chinese civilization．
长江是我们的母亲河，中华民族在那里创造了灿烂的华夏文明。
在第一句的定语从句中，visiting是一个及物动词，必须带宾语，而关系副词where 不能作宾语，所以只能用which或that引导，而且二者可以省略；在第二句的定语从句中，不缺主语、宾语、表语，所以用where作状语。
二、关系副词when引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示时间的名词，如time，day，year，month，week等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定
语从句需要用关系副词when引导。例如：
Galileo lived at a time when the human spirit was waking after a thousand years of sleep．
伽利略生活的时代是人类灵魂经过了千年沉睡之后正在苏醒的时代。
2．与where一样，引导定语从句的when也可以转换成“介词＋which”的形式。例如：All the Chinese，at home and abroad，will forever remember the date when ／on
．
海内外的所有华人都不会忘记五星红旗在香港的土地上升起时的日子。
3．当先行词为the time，the moment，the day，the minute等时，关系副词when 可以省略，也可以用that引导。例如：
The moment (that ／when）I turned round，she had left and disappeared in the crowd．
当我转过身来时，她已经离开并消失在人群中了。
Do you still remember the day we got to know each other﹖
你还记得我们彼此相识的那一天吗？
这时的定语从句（省略了when或that），实际上已经是一个时间状语从句了。4．当表示时间的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which
引导定语从句，而不是用when。例如：
The film reminded me of those miserable days (that ／which）I spent in my childhood．
这部电影使我想起了我童年时代度过的那些苦难日子。三、关系副词why引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，定语从句需要用关系副词why引导，此时的定语从句说明先行
词的内容。例如：
Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine﹖
你知道蒸汽机中存在热损耗的原因吗？
2．我们也可以用for which来替代why。例如：
The reason why ／for which you failed，I think，was that you had turned a deaf ear to your mot her’s advice．
我认为你失败的原因是你不听你母亲的忠告。
注意：在“the reason why sb．does sth．从句”的结构中，that不能换成because。
四、as 作关系副词
I shall do it in the same way as you did it .
关系副词where，when和why引导定语从句时的语义特点和用法特点。
一、关系副词where引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place，room，mountain，airport等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词where引导。例如：
The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable prehistorical rock paintings by chance．
那两个迷路的男孩碰巧进入了一个山洞，在那里他们意外地发现了一些非常有价值的史前岩画。
在上述例句中，where代表in the cave，作地点状语。
2．通常，引导定语从句的where大都可以转换成“介词＋which”的形式。例如：The American soldiers rushed into the President Mansion where ／in which they found those gold bars．美国士兵冲进总统官邸，在那里他们发现了那些金条。
3．当表示地点的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不是用where。试比较：
The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that ／which）people all over the world look forward to visiting．
长江三峡是个美丽的地方，全世界的人都渴望来参观。
The Yangtze River is our mother river where the Chinese people have created the brilliant Chinese civilization．
长江是我们的母亲河，中华民族在那里创造了灿烂的华夏文明。
在第一句的定语从句中，visiting是一个及物动词，必须带宾语，而关系副词where 不能作宾语，所以只能用which或that引导，而且二者可以省略；在第二句的定语从句中，不缺主语、宾语、表语，所以用where作状语。
二、关系副词when引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示时间的名词，如time，day，year，month，week等，同时又
在从句中作状语时，定
语从句需要用关系副词when引导。例如：
Galileo lived at a time when the human spirit was waking after a thousand years of sleep．
伽利略生活的时代是人类灵魂经过了千年沉睡之后正在苏醒的时代。
2．与where一样，引导定语从句的when也可以转换成“介词＋which”的形式。例如：All the Chinese，at home and abroad，will forever remember the date when ／on which the Red Five star Flag was raised in Hong Kong．
海内外的所有华人都不会忘记五星红旗在香港的土地上升起时的日子。
3．当先行词为the time，the moment，the day，the minute等时，关系副词when 可以省略，也可以用that引导。例如：
The moment (that ／when）I turned round，she had left and disappeared in the crowd．
当我转过身来时，她已经离开并消失在人群中了。
Do you still remember the day we got to know each other﹖
你还记得我们彼此相识的那一天吗？
这时的定语从句（省略了when或that），实际上已经是一个时间状语从句了。4．当表示时间的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which
引导定语从句，而不是用when。例如：
The film reminded me of those miserable days (that ／which）I spent in my childhood．
这部电影使我想起了我童年时代度过的那些苦难日子。
三、关系副词why引导的定语从句
1．当先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，定语从句需要用关系副词why引导，此时的定语从句说明先行
词的内容。例如：
Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine﹖
你知道蒸汽机中存在热损耗的原因吗？
2．我们也可以用for which来替代why。例如：
The reason why ／for which you failed，I think，was that you had turned a deaf ear to your mother’s advice．
我认为你失败的原因是你不听你母亲的忠告。
注意：在“the reason why sb．does sth．is that”的结构中，that不能换成because。
关系代词as 和which 互换与否
一、关系代词as 和which 互换的情况：
1．在一个被动式的定语从句中作主语。
John got beaten in the game ,as/which had been expected .
2. 在一个主动式的定语从句中作宾语。
Oil and water don’t mix up , as /which we all know.
3. 在一个系表结构的定语从句中作主语。
The weather turned out to be very good , as /which was more than we could expect .
4．在一个系表结构的定语从句中作表语。
When deeply moved by some story , as /which she often was , she would at once tell it to her husband who lost his sight .
二、关系代词as 和which 不互换的情况：
1、在主动式的定语从句中作主语，一般只用which.
He gave the old lady a pair of new shoes for birthday , which excited her a lot .
2. 在“It’s kind /nice/careful/careless/clever/silly/….of sb to do sth”结构后面跟定语从句时，该从句一般只用which来引导（which 代表it，即不定式所表达的整个内容）
She saw the mistake right now, which(to see the mistake right now)was clever of her.
3.由于as有“正如。。。”或“好象。。。”之意，而which没有此意，所以，如果定语从句所表达的内容与主句不一致，就只能用which 引导定语从句which =but this /that)。
He said the car was afraid of rats in his house, which was impossible .
Mary married Mr Kennedy , her sister’s beau(情人), which was unexpected .
4. 定语从句位于句首时，一般只能由as 来引导。
As you know, he is a famous scientist .
分隔式定语从句
分隔式定语从句即未置于先行词之后而被其他句子成分隔开的定语从句。通常用在下面两个种场合：
1．有时由于先行词的后置成分较长，为使句子保持平衡，将其后移。
2．有时出于修饰上的需要，避免千篇一律的语言格式。
一、被副词或副词性短语隔开。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
I bought a book today , which I will give it to you
二、被介词短语隔开。
I was the only person in our office who was invited .
三、被谓语动词或分词短语隔开。
The days are gone when we used “foreign oil”.
How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields, when I should have studied .
四、被分句隔开。
There is no man , whatever his fortune is, who is now engaged in any earnest
offices.
What ring did you give ? Not that one, I hope , which you received from me?
五、被用作宾语补足语的形容词隔开。
Have you got everything ready we need ?
六、被the only …of 后的名词或代词隔开。
He is the only one of the students who knows Russian in our school.
（四）、重要句型。
1、one of + the + n(pl) + who + V(pl); the one of + the + n(pl) + who + V（单）
2、the same ….as ; such ….as
3. He has three sons, two of whom work in Beijing .
4. As everyone knows ,…. ;As is known to sb ,……., ;It's known to sb that …….
5. when / where = 介词+ which ; whose = of which ; why = for which
定语从句练习
Ⅰ.选择题
1.I've read all the books you gave me.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
2.There isn't much I can do.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. how
3.He keeps a record of everything he had seen there.
A. he
B. that
C. which
D. what
4.Tell us about the people and the places are different from ours.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. whom
5.Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city he had visited in China.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
6.The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.
A. which
B. what
C. whose
D. that
https://www.360docs.net/doc/e89662365.html,st Sunday they reached Qingdao, a conference was to be held.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
8.Is this the museum you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
9.I began to work in Beijing in the year New China was founded.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. where
10.This is the very film I've long wished to see.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
11.There is no difficulty can't be overcome in the world.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. what
12.Who is the person is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom
13.This was the supermarket I bought this kind of tin.
A. where
B. that
C. who
D. which
14.The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.
A. that
B. where
C. what
D. when
15.This is the last time I shall come here to help you.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. what
16.The house we live is not big.
A. in that
B. which
C. in which
D. that
17.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom
18.All glitters is not gold.
A. that
B. which
C.／
D. what
19.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way he does.
A. which
B. what
C.／
D. now
20.Beijing, is the capital of China, is a beautiful city.
A. that
B. it
C. which
D.／
21.She was no longer the woman she was.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
22.That's the hotel last year.
A. which we stayed
B. at that we stayed
C. Where we stayed at
D. where we stayed
23.The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.
A. what he could
B. he could
C. everything which he could
D. for which he could do
24.Anyone this opinion may speak out.
A. that against
B. that against
C. who is against
D. who are against
25.The place you are standing used to be an old church.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
26.You've made the same mistake you made last time.
A. as
B. like
C. which
D. that
27.It is not such an interesting magazine I thought.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D.／
28.you know, he is a famous musician.
A. As
B. which
C. That
D.／
29.Mr Zhou, native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.
A. whose
B. his
C. which
D. that
30.Do you know the actor you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear?
A .who B. whom C. whose D. which
31.I took my friend to the Summer Palace,we had some photos taken.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D.／
32.Do you remember the day your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts?
A. which
B. on which
C. about which
D.／
33.The bus,was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. which of most
B. most of which
C. which of the most
D. most of that
34.We all remember the days we studied together at school.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D.／
35.Do you know the reason he didn't come?
A. that
B. which
C. for
D. why
36.I showed the doctor the place I felt the pain.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
37.He is the only one of the three got the new idea.
A. who have
B. whom have
C. who has
D. whose had
38.I'm one of the students well in English in my class.
A. who does
B. who do
C. which does
D. who did
39.This is the baby tomorrow.
A .after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look after
C. whose I shall look after
D. after whom I shall look after
40.This is the fastest train is going to Nanjing.
A. hat
B. what
C. where
D.／
41．She heard the terrible noise，＿＿＿＿＿brought her heart into her mouth．A．it B．which C．this D．that
42．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，＿＿＿＿，of course，made the others unhappy．
A．who B．which C．this D．what
43．The weather turned out to be very good，＿＿＿＿was more than we could expect．
A．what B．which C．that D．it
44．Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，＿＿＿＿was very reasonable．
A．which price B．the price of which
C．its price D．the price of whose
45．The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital，＿＿＿＿she spent her 19th birthday．
A．that B．which C．where D．and
Ⅱ.从A、B、C、D中找出错误的一项.
1.It′ll be dark by the time(A) you get to(B) t he river, so I′m afraid you′ll have to(C) go back the same way that(D) you came.
2.When I first came(A) to the supermarket, I worked in(B) the department where(C) sold cooked or prepared(D) food.
3.I have read(A) the novel twice(B) which(C) you are talking about it(D).
4.I'd like to buy(A) that new model recorder but which(B) is too expensive for(C) me at present(D).
5.Marco Polo, who(A) was a great Italian traveller, travelled all the way(B) to China, where(C) was then(D) called Cathay.
Ⅲ.用定语从句连接下列每对句子.(5×2)
1.She was talking with a lady. Her son was ill.
2.You sent my sister a present. Thank you very much for it.
3.The clothes have been cleaned. I'm wearing them.
4.He is sitting in a chair. It is broken.
5.She is a person. Everyone likes to make friends with her.
Answers
Ⅰ.1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.D
7.D8.A9.A10.B11.A12.B
13.A 14.A15.A16.C17.C18.A
19.C 20.C21.A22.D23.B24.C
25.B 26.A27.A28.A29.A30.B
31.A 32.B33.B34.C35.D36.C
37.C 38.B39.B40.A 41.B 42. B
43.B 44.B 45.C
Ⅱ.1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C
Ⅲ.1.She was talking with a lady whose son was ill.
2.Thank you very much for the present which you sent to my sister.
3.I'm wearing the clothes which have been cleaned.
4.He is sitting in a chair which is broken.(The chair which he is sitting in is broken.)
5.She is a person whom everyone likes to make friends with.
新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：定语从句
新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：定语从句 导读：本文新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：定语从句，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 1. 定语从句：由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词when, where, why 引导。 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy. 2. 只能用that和who引导的定语从句 A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时
定语从句的翻译二
定语从句的“并列套用” 中文里“本位词”和“外位语”如何翻译成英文 英文短句的翻译方法 中英文事实和评论的关系 英文中四种句子的翻译方法 中英文关联词的使用和英文中人名地名的翻译 中英文的一个重要差异：中文是动态性语言，善于用动词；英文是静态性语言，善于用名词 定语从句的翻译二 This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. 这种假设基于人性中内在懒惰的谬论，实际上，除了不正常懒惰的人以外，很少有人不愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱，也很少有人愿意无所事事，而不去工作。
第一步：断句 This assumption rests on the fallacy/ of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually,/ aside from abnormally lazy people,/ there would be very few/ who would not want to earn more than the minimum,/ and who would prefer to do nothing/ rather than work. 并列套用： 中心词+ 定语1 + 定语2 + 定语3 + 。。。European’s today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength does not matter so much, where unilateral action by nations is forbidden and where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior. 当今的欧洲人，就和两百年前的美国人一样，寻找这样一个世界，在那里，武力并不是最重要的，禁止由国家发起的单边运动，所有国家不论其实力，都受到普遍公认的行为准则的保护。 第二步：翻译 假设是基于这样一种谬论：人性中存在着天生的懒惰。
新概念英语121课定语从句
定语从句中who和that的区别 在定语从句中，关系代词who 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意，之间的区别： 一、用who 而不用that的情形 1.在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who 。 例：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。 2.当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who。 例：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？ 3.当先行词为people和those时，只能用who. 例：Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。 4.当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who。 例：Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。 5. 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。 例：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
定语从句翻译
1.想去博物馆参观的人请在这里签名。 2.那个抢劫了银行的人昨日被警方逮捕了。 3.可惜我想买的那套住房暂不出售。 4.刚才和你握手的中年人是新来的校长。 5.在战争中失去左腿的英雄收到很好的照顾。 6.这个江南小镇是他们在中国逗留期间参观的第一个地方。 7.这是过去两年里她看到的唯一一部电影。 8.这是世界上迄今为止建的最高的一座电视塔。 9.他们见面时谈起了能够想起的人和事。 10.我想说的就是我们不能迟到。 11.他们建议在曾租过的旅馆里过夜。 12.正如按所预期的那样，飞船按计划成功地进入太空。 13.我曾在那里长大的小渔村在现在已变成一个繁忙的港口。 14.你能告诉我不请假就离开学校的理由吗？ 15.你还记得中国人民英勇地与ＳＡＲＳ作斗争的那些日子吗？ 16.我非常喜欢在山里度假，那儿宁静而美丽。 17.他写了一本书，但书名我彻底给忘了。 18.他度过了一个绝妙夏日，此间他参加了我们的夏令营。 19.我们很高兴地要见到新来的地理老师，我知道他刚从美国回来。 20.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。 21.为追求时尚付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。
1.想去博物馆参观的人请在这里签名。 Those who want to visit the museum please sign your names here. 2.那个抢劫了银行的人昨日被警方逮捕了。 The man who had robbed the bank was captured/arrested by the police. 3.可惜我想买的那套住房暂不出售。 It is a pity that the apartment/flat(which/that) I would like to buy is not for sale for the time being. 4.刚才和你握手的中年人是新来的校长。 The middle-aged man with whom you shook hands/ whom you shood hands with just now is a new headmaster/principal. 5.在战争中失去左腿的英雄收到很好的照顾。 The hero who had lost his left leg in the war is taken good care of. 6.这个江南小镇是他们在中国逗留期间参观的第一个地方。 The small south town was the first place (that) they visited during their stay in China. 7.这是过去两年里她看到的唯一一部电影。 This is the only film that she has seen in the past /last two years. 8.这是世界上迄今为止建的最高的一座电视塔。 This is the highest TV tower that has ever been built in the world. 9.他们见面时谈起了能够想起的人和事。 When they met, they talked of the people and things that they could remember. 10.我想说的就是我们不能迟到。 All that I want to say is that we mustn’t be late. 11.他们建议在曾租过的旅馆里过夜。 They suggested for the night the same hotel as/that they once rented. 12.正如按所预期的那样，飞船按计划成功地进入太空。 As was expected, the spaceship went up into the space successfully as planned. 13.我曾在那里长大的小渔村在现在已变成一个繁忙的港口。 The small fishing village where/ in which I grew up has become a busy port. 14.你能告诉我不请假就离开学校的理由吗？ Can you tell me why you left the school without asking for leave? 15.你还记得中国人民英勇地与ＳＡＲＳ作斗争的那些日子吗？ Do you still remember the days when the Chinese people fought bravely against SARS? 16.我非常喜欢在山里度假，那儿宁静而美丽。 I’d love to take my vacation/spend my holiday in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful. 17.他写了一本书，但书名我彻底给忘了。 He has written a book, the name of which I have completely forgotten. 18.他度过了一个绝妙夏日，此间他参加了我们的夏令营。 He spent a wonderful summer, during which he joined us in the camping trip. 19.我们很高兴地要见到新来的地理老师，我知道他刚从美国回来。 We are happy to see a new geography teacher, who I know has just returned from the US. 20.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。 The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 21.为追求时尚付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。 Those who follow the fashion at great cost should change their lifestyle as soon as possible.
新概念英语第一册Lesson123~128自学笔记精讲解析
新概念英语第一册Lesson123~128自学笔记 精讲解析 新概念英语第一册Lesson123~124自学笔记精讲解析 1.What a beautiful ship!多漂亮的轮船啊! what引导的感叹句通常是由 What + a(n)+形容词+名词构成的。 2.That’s right.对。 这句是对上面附加疑问句的回答。上面一句虽用否定形式提问，但回答则根据事实来决定是用肯定或是否定形式。That’s right是肯定的回答，相当于Yes, it is(那正是我)。 3.grow a beard,留胡子。 4.shave it off,把胡子刮掉。 it指 a beard。 5.定语成分 standing behind the counter和 repairing the road 是现在分词短语，作后置定语，分别修饰 The man, The woman 和The men。 I served yesterday 和I saw yesterday 是定语从句，分别修饰the man, the woman和the men。此处关系代词 whom 省略了。
I bought yesterday和I found in the garden是定语从句，分别修饰 the book, the books和 the kitten。关系代词 which或 that 省略了。 新概念英语第一册123-124课语法知识点 Grammar in use 定语从句中的省略 当关系代词代表主语并且从句中的谓语动词是(现在)进行时态时，关系代词及助动词be均可省略。如果关系代词在从句中代表宾语，则往往可以省略。此外，定语从句可用介词结尾。 请分别看以下的例句： The woman standing behind the counter served me. 站在柜台后边的那位妇女为我服务/招待了我。 This is the book I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本书。 The man I served was wearing a hat. 我招待过的那个人当时戴着一顶帽子。 That’s the ship we travelled on. 那就是我们旅行时乘的船。 That’s the man I told you about. 那就是我告诉过你有关情况的那个人。 新概念英语第一册123-124课重点单词详解 Word study 1.travel v.
新概念英语第三册语法(1)定语从句
新概念三册语法精粹第一章定语从句 1.定语从句：由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。 (下面十个句子请读 5遍并脱口译出!) 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy. 2.只能用that和who引导的定语从句 A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时 B.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which. C.先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。 D.当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，后面要用who或whom; ● All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。 3.as 引导定语从句
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新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson123【课文】 MIKE： Look, Scott. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia. SCOTT： Let me see it, Mike. SCOTT： This is a good photograph. Who are these people? MIKE： They're people I met during the trip. MIKE： That's the ship we travelled on. SCOTT： What a beautiful ship! SCOTT： Who's this? MIKE： That's the man I told you about.Remember? SCOTT： Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia. MIKE： That's right. SCOTT： Who's this? MIKE： Guess! SCOTT： It's not you, is it? MIKE： That's right. MIKE： I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home. SCOTT： Why did you shave it off?
MIKE： My wife didn't like it! 【课文翻译】 迈克：看，这是我到澳大利来旅行时拍的一张照片。 斯科特：让我看看，迈克。 斯科特：这是一张很好的照片。这些人是谁。 迈克：他们是我旅行时理解的人。 迈克：这是我们所乘的那条船。 斯科特：多漂亮的船啊! 斯科特：这是谁? 迈克：这就是我跟你说过的那个人。还记得吗? 斯科特：啊，记得。就是在澳大利亚给你工作的那个人。迈克：对。 斯科特：这是谁? 迈克：你猜! 斯科特：这不是你，对吗? 迈克：不，是我。 迈克：我在旅行时留了胡子，但我回到家时就把它刮了。斯科特：你为什么把它刮了? 迈克：我妻子不喜欢! 【生词】 during prep.在……期间
新概念英语第二册语法总结：定语从句
新概念英语第二册语法总结：定语从句 知识要点： 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语） 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） 3.who, whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语） 注意：
定语从句的翻译
定语从句的翻译 英语中的定语从句根据它们对主句的限制和影响，分为限制性定语从句，和非限制性定语从句。无论哪种，一般都放在所修饰的中心词之后。在翻译成中文时，为符合中国人的语言表达习惯，既要读起来上口，有便于理解，多数情况下将较短的限制性定语从句译为前置定语。较长的或非限制性定语从句，要视具体情况，可以译成并列的分句，或独立成句。 一。限制性定语从句 绝大多数限制性定语从句一般译为前置定语或并列句。 1。译成前置定语 1）Everything that is around us is matter. 我们周围的一切都是物质。 2）Those who sacrifice themselves for the people’s cause are the real heroes of history. 为人民的事业牺牲自己的人才是历史上真正的英雄。 2。译成并列句 1）I have some good ideas which wouldn’t suit you. 我有一些好主意，怕对你不适用。 2）He was one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem. 他是英语语法学家，而且是最早注意这一问题的。 二。非限制性定语从句 1。译成并列句 1）Captured documents, which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-of –war reports that we have obtained in recent months, let us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially. 我们从经由这个走廊地带渗透进来的个别人身上缴获了一些文件，近几个月又从战 俘那里得到了各种口供，我们相信渗透的规模已大幅度地扩展。 2）Anybody is better than Mack, who has neither honor, nor ability, nor capital. 谁都比麦克强，他既没名誉，又没能力，也没资金。 2。译成独立句 1）The following March, Henry was fifty-five years old, due for retirement, and had been offered an outside job, which would give him nearly twice his secretary’s salary with his pension. 翌年三月，亨利已经55岁，该退休了，但外面已经有人聘用他，新职的待遇加上他 的养老金要比他当秘书的薪水多一倍。 2）He thought to better his circumstances by marrying a young woman of the French nation, who was by profession an opera-girl. 他想娶个法国女人来改善环境，那女人是个唱歌剧的年轻姑娘。 三。其他 由于汉语习惯上不使用长句，因此无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，都可以把原文较长的定语从句拆开译成并列句或独立句。使译文通顺流畅，条理分明。关系代词的翻译可根据具体情况，灵活处理。 1）Last week I wrote a letter to Vice-President, who had been a famous professor
新概念1_117课-123课语法练习
（117-123）过去进行时、过去完成时、定语从句课堂练习 I.用一般过去时or过去进行时填空 1. She dropped some money while she ______________________ (get off) the bus. (当她正下车过程中) 【rang，rung】) while I was working in the garden. 3. They arrived while we _______________________ (cook) the meal. (当我们正在做饭时) 4. We _____________________________ (have) breakfast when the postman came with the letters. 5. When I visited them, they _______________________________ (watch) televion. II. 根据中文提示回答问题（过去进行时） 1. What were you doing when the teacher came into the classroom this morning? (答：正在看书/正在写作业/正在说话) 2. What happened while you were having breakfast this morning? (我的鹦鹉大叫起来/ 一个贼爬进我的厨房/ 我儿子吃了3枚硬币) 3. Did you meet someone while you were going home from school yesterday? (答：遇见了Susan/ 我的老师/ 我的经理) III. 用过去完成时填空 1. We _________________________ (already leave) the house when the postman arrived. 2. She _________________________ (already hear) the news before her friend told her. 3. Jim asked for a glass of beer, but they _______________________ (drink) all of it! (drink【drank，drunk】) 4. I went to sleep after I ____________________________ (clean) my teeth. 5. Before I got there, they ____________________________ (eat) everything! IV. 定语从句who, whom, which, that 1. Which girl are you looking for? 2. Which doctor did you phone last night? (She served me yesterday) (He lives in our street.) 3. Which actress are you talking about? 4. Which car did you want to buy? (We saw her in a film last week.) (They sold it yesterday.) 5. Which skirt would you like to try? 6. Which nurse is Lucy? (The dress is blue.) (Lucy is wearing a hat.) I.用一般过去时or过去进行时填空 1. She dropped some money while she ______________________ (get off) the bus. (当她正下车过程中) 【rang，rung】) while I was working in the garden. 3. They arrived while we _______________________ (cook) the meal. (当我们正在做饭时) 4. We _____________________________ (have) breakfast when the postman came with the letters. 5. When I visited them, they _______________________________ (watch) televion. II. 根据中文提示回答问题（过去进行时） 1. What were you doing when the teacher came into the classroom this morning? (答：正在看书/正在写作业/正在说话) 2. What happened while you were having breakfast this morning? (我的鹦鹉大叫起来/ 一个贼爬进我的厨房/ 我儿子吃了3枚硬币) 3. Did you meet someone while you were going home from school yesterday? (答：遇见了Susan/ 我的老师/ 我的经理) III. 用过去完成时填空 1. We _________________________ (already leave) the house when the postman arrived. 2. She _________________________ (already hear) the news before her friend told her. 3. Jim asked for a glass of beer, but they _______________________ (drink) all of it! (drink【drank，drunk】) 4. I went to sleep after I ____________________________ (clean) my teeth. 5. Before I got there, they ____________________________ (eat) everything! IV. 定语从句who, whom, which, that 1. Which girl are you looking for? 2. Which doctor did you phone last night? (She served me yesterday) (He lives in our street.) 3. Which actress are you talking about? 4. Which car did you want to buy? (We saw her in a film last week.) (They sold it yesterday.) 5. Which skirt would you like to try? 6. Which nurse is Lucy? (The dress is blue.) (Lucy is wearing a hat.)
高中英语定语从句的翻译技巧
高中英语定语从句的翻译技巧 英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。如果英语的定语从句太长，无论是限制性的或非限制性的，都不宜译成汉语中的定语，而应用其他方法处理。常见的定语从句翻译有以下几种方法。 一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。 既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。 英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。 （一）重复先行词。 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。 We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.
新概念一定语从句专练
新概念一定语从句专练 1.The man _____ talked to you just now is Tom. A. who B. which C. where D. when 2.Can you tell me the name of the factory____ you visited last week? A. what B. where C. which D. when 3. In the dark street, there was no person ____can help him. A. that B. who C. whom D. to whom 4. She is not the student ____she was. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 5. I want to live in the house _____windows face south A. which B. of which C. whose D. where 6. His mother doesn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor. A.of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 7.Those _______ have any questions please put up your hands. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 8. Anyone______ did not finish the homework will be punished. A. whoever B. whom C. who D. no matter who 9. The city _______interested(吸引) me is Shanghai. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 10. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. whom I spoke to D. that I spoke 11. The factory ______we'll visit next week is in Beijing. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 12.The girl_______ is in red is marry. A. whom B. that C. who D. which 13. I like the boy______ is singing very much. A. Where B. who C. whom D. which 14. Tom doesn’t like the baby_____ always likes crying. A. which B. whom C. where D. who 15.I want to buy the book____ he talked about last week. A. Where B. who C. which D. that 16.The book____ he bought last week is very good. A. that B. who C. where D. when 17.I would like to know the person_____ you spoke to just now. A. who B. which C. where D. whom 18.The dog_____ he gave to me is black.
定语从句的翻译
突破英语B级的定语从句翻译 定语从句的翻译技巧： 1.前置法 将英文从句部分翻译成“.…...的”，并放置于先行词前。即将英文复合句句翻译成汉语的简单句，常用于翻译限制性定语从句。不过一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法。 例1：Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。 例2：His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 2.后置法 将英文定语从句置于先行词后，译成并列分句。 （1）重复先行词 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。
例3：We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged. 在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。 例4：He has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning success in the field. 他很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。 （2）省略先行词 如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，在“通顺、完整”的前提下，有时候可以不用重复先行词。 例5：It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。 例6：They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。 3.翻译成状语从句 英语中有些定语从句，兼有状语从句的职能，在逻辑上（即意义上）与主句有原因、结果、条件、让步、目的等关系，翻译时应抓住主从句间逻辑关系，翻译成对应的汉语意思。 例7：The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.
新概念英语第一册第123课Lesson123课文单词知识点
Lesson121 MIKE: Look, Scott. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia. SCOTT: Let me see it, Mike. SCOTT: This is a good photograph. Who are these people? MIKE: They're people I met during the trip. MIKE: That's the ship we travelled on. SCOTT: What a beautiful ship! SCOTT: Who's this? MIKE: That's the man I told you about.Remember? SCOTT: Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia. MIKE: That's right. SCOTT: Who's this? MIKE: Guess! SCOTT: It's not you, is it? MIKE: That's right. MIKE: I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home. SCOTT: Why did you shave it off? MIKE: My wife didn't like it! 迈 克：看，这是我到澳大利来旅行时拍的一张照片。 斯科特：让我看看，迈克。 斯科特：这是一张很好的照片。这些人是谁。 迈 克：他们是我旅行时认识的人。 迈 克：这是我们所乘的那条船。 斯科特：多漂亮的船啊! 斯科特：这是谁? 迈 克：这就是我跟你说过的那个人。还记得吗? 斯科特：啊，记得。就是在澳大利亚给你工作的那个人。 迈 克：对。 斯科特：这是谁? 迈 克：你猜! 斯科特：这不是你，对吗? 迈 克：不，是我。 迈 克：我在旅行时留了胡子，但我回到家时就把它刮了。 斯科特：你为什么把它刮了? 迈 克：我妻子不喜欢!