第四讲 名词性从句.doc
第四讲名词性从句
[思维导图]
Ⅰ.主语及主语从句
一、主语
1．概念：在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作的发出者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。
2．充当主语的词、短语和句子：名词、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。
The patient’s family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语)
病人的家人写信为筹集到的资金向媒体表示感谢。
Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语)
学习英语很重要。
二、主语从句
1．that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：
?It＋be＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，
clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句
It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
?It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句
It’s no wonder th at he didn’t want to go.
难怪他不想去。
?It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well－known，announced等)＋that 从句
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。
[名师指津] 在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
To master Mandarin，it is suggested that you (should)practice with Chinese people.(四川高考书面表达)
为了掌握普通话，建议你和中国人一起练习。
?It＋特殊动词或短语(seem，appear，happen，matter，turn out，occur to，make no difference等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
2．whether/if引导的主语从句
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
3．wh－类连接词引导的主语从句
wh－类连接词包括连接代词(who，whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whatever等)和连接副词(when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 等)。
What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
Ⅱ.宾语与宾语从句
一、宾语
1．概念：宾语表示谓语动作的对象，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。
2．充当宾语的词、短语或句子：一般由名词、宾格代词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式或从句充当，根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。
3．双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语)
Mr.Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.(him为间接宾语；advice为直接宾语)
史密斯先生就如何提高他的写作给他提了许多有价值的建议。
4．复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)
Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets and mental health and to take regular examinations.(us为宾语；to pay more attention...regular examinations为宾语补足语)
医生经常建议我们多注意饮食和心理健康并定期检查。
二、宾语从句
1．that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：
(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。
I don’t know exactly where he lives，except that it’s somewhere out in the wilds.
他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。
(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。
(3)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
①一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that 引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
②hate，like，dislike，appreciate，enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to，depend on，rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
2．whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
(1)宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在whether后时，只能用whether。
I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
＝I don’t know whether/if the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether，whether可与不定式连用。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
They don’t know whether to go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。
Ⅲ.表语与表语从句
一、表语
1．概念：表语一般位于系动词(如be ，become ，get ，look ，grow ，turn ，seem 等)之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。
2．充当表语的词、短语或句子：一般由名词、名词性代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。
The cultural background of China is totally different from that of the US.(形容词作表语)
中国的文化背景与美国完全不同。
My suggestion is that we should start at once .(从句作表语)
我的建议是我们应该马上开始。
二、表语从句
1．连词that/whether/because/as if (though )引导的表语从句
(1)that ，whether 引导的表语从句。
在表语从句中，that 无词义，一般不能省略；whether 意为“是否”。 The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.
你犯错误的原因是你对自己缺乏信心。
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
(2)as if/though 引导的表语从句，有时可用虚拟语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if/ though a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市，好像一个厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。
(3)because ，why 引导的表语从句。
???This/That is why...这/那是……的原因This/That is because... 这/那是因为……
He failed.That is because he didn’t work hard.
他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。
2．连接代词、连接副词引导的表语从句
(1)连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever等；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)连接副词有：when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。
I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
That was where we camped last time.
那就是我们上次野营的地方。
Ⅳ.同位语与同位语从句
一、同位语
1．概念：对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。
2．作同位语的词、短语和句子：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。
We have two foreign teachers，a Canadian and an American.
我们有两名外籍教师，一名加拿大人和一名美国人。
二、同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news，fact，idea，desire，suggestion，promise，information等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that，whether，why，who，where，how，when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
The report that he was going to resign was false.
他将辞职的报道是假的。
析三大从句，辨七大易混点
定语从句和并列句
定语从句与并列句的主要区别：句中若有and，but，so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
1．She has written many novels，some of ________ are interesting.
[分析] which[which引导定语从句，修饰先行词novels，“some of which”在从句中作主语。]
2．She has written many novels，and some of ________ are interesting.
[分析] them[此句为and引导的并列句。]
定语从句和地点状语从句
定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。1．We young people should go to the place ________ is in need of help.
[分析] which/that[关系代词which/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且在从句中作主语。]
2．We young people should go ________ we’re most needed.
[分析] where[where引导地点状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词go。]
定语从句和时间状语从句
定语从句与时间状语从句的主要区别：定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，状语从句修饰谓语动词。
1．I will always remember the days ________ I lived with my grandparents in the countryside.
[分析] when[when引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the days”，且在从句中作状语。] 2．I always remember the days in the countryside ________ I see the photo of my grandparents.
[分析] when[when引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词remember。]
定语从句和结果状语从句
定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别：the same...as与such...as引导定语从句，as 在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。
1．This is such an interesting work of art ________ all of us like.
[分析] as[such...as引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作like的宾语。]
2．This is such an interesting work of art ________ all of us like it.
[分析] that[such...that引导结果状语从句。]
定语从句和主语从句
定语从句与主语从句的区别：定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
1．________is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
[分析] As[as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面这句话的内容。]
2．________ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
[分析] It[it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。]
3．________is known to everybody is that moon travels round the earth once every month.
[分析] What[what在此引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，而后面that引导的从句则是表语从句。]
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．I’m not sure ________ is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案who[考查宾语从句引导词。分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，联系下文中me or the female gorilla可知此处作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。]
2．As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(全国卷Ⅱ)
答案how[分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填how。]
3．I didn’t understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(广东高考)
答案why[根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导。]
4．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案that→where[分析句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语。故用where引导。]
5．After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案where→that或去掉where[这是一个宾语从句，不缺少成分且句意完整，所以不能用where，应该用that引导宾语从句，that也可省略。]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Planting a small tree is cheap and easy，and two decades from now，when you look at what will have become a large tree，you will find sense of satisfaction，knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.(2019·石家庄模拟)
2．The following was what__ he had seen.(2019·银川模拟)
3．New wireless technology has solved that problem and the hope is that soon you won’t even have to think about charging your mobile devices.(2019·衡水模拟) 4．Finally，a woman with a tray full of food sat down opposite him and informed him how the cafeteria worked.(2019·莆田模拟)
5．They never get angry and are always kind to the students.That’s why the children can always get on well with their robot teachers.(2019·齐齐哈尔模拟)
6．I wonder first of all what they want，and then wonder if/whether they are so eager to accept advice themselves.(2019·湖南师大附中模拟)
7．The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people
that they are married.(2019·巢湖模拟)
8．What patients take is decoction (煎汁) of the herbs.(2019·河南八市联考) 9．Remember that true power is not necessarily control over situations，but the ability to deal with whatever comes your way.(2019·南昌模拟)
10．We don’t respect who__we think is better than us; we don’t respect poor and old people，or we don’t respect who we feel is less better than us.(2019·南昌模拟)
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It’s good for us to eat which are rich in vitamins and m inerals every day，that is，some fresh vegetables and fruit.which→what
2．Whenever I want to see it，that I must do is to close my eyes，and it will appear in front of me.
(2019·郑州模拟)that→what
3．The good news is whether there’ll be a men’s basketball match betw een China and Korea at the stadium of our city this Sunday.(2019·舒兰模拟)whether→that
4．I have the confidence what you can learn how to make Chinese knots.(2019·许昌模拟)what→that
5．How I do every day is to listen to lectures，take notes and do my homework，which seems to be endless.(2019·辽源模拟)How→What
6．Foreigners are paying attention to which is happening in China and are picking up some Chinese words，especially the words which express unique Chinese ideas and cannot be easily translated into English.
(2019·新余模拟)第一个which→what
7．We must find out where Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2019·牡丹江模拟)where→when
8．The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and had been taken away by the police.(2019·泰安模拟)去掉it
9．To make matters worse，I had to share a double room with someone I did not know，despite the fact I had paid for a single room.(2019·襄阳模拟)fact后加that 10．As the college entrance examinations will be held in June，the students should
make full use of time to review that what they have learned.(2019·吉安模拟)去掉that
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·黄冈中学模拟)Canadians and Americans eat somewhat differently.Some Canadians use tableware as Americans do，while some like the tableware of the British Isles，Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations; but most Canadians use a 1.________ (combine) of the two styles.
Canadians tend 2.________ (use) the simpler British，Irish and Commonwealth style when cutting food.The right hand cuts with a knife，while the left holds 3.________ is being cut with a fork.Then the left hand，use 4.________ fork to lift the cut food directly into the mouth.In contrast，most Americans will exchange the knife and fork before 5.________(lift) cut food to their mouths，which is 6.________ (true) embarrassing.In the most cases，Americans use forks 7.________ (hold) in their right hands to bring all food to their mouths，whether or not it needs to be cut.Most Canadians use the American style 8.________ food that does not need to be cut. Each of these styles 9.________ (be) acceptable in both countries.However，you will be less 10.________ (attract) by using the American style in the United States，as most Americans are not as used to different cultures as Canadians are.
【语篇解读】本文为我们介绍了美国和加拿大人的用餐习惯的差异。1．combination[考查名词。但是大部分的加拿大人会使用这两种方式的结合，用在不定冠词后面，所以此处应该用combine的名词形式combination。]
2．to use[考查非谓语动词。加拿大人往往会使用更加简单一点的英国或者爱尔兰的一种方式，tend to do sth“倾向于做某事”，所以填to use。]
3．what[考查宾语从句的引导词。根据句意：右手用刀切，左手拿着叉子吃切的东西。这里填what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。]
4．the[考查冠词。该句前已提到过fork，由于是第二次提到，所以该名词前用定冠词the。]
5．lifting[考查非谓语动词。在举起食物送到嘴里之前，大部分的美国人会交换一下刀叉，before引导的状语从句的省略，lift和句子的主语most Americans
是主动关系，所以用lift的现在分词lifting。]
6．truly[考查副词。根据句意：在举起食物送到嘴里之前，大部分的美国人会交换一下刀又，这是很尴尬的。这里用true的副词形式修饰形容词，所以填truly。] 7．held[考查非谓语动词。美国人用握在他们右手里的叉子把食物送到嘴里，此句话中hold和前面的名词forks是被动关系，所以用hold的过去分词作后置定语，填held。]
8．for[考查介词。大部分的加拿大人会把这种美国人的方法用于不需要切的食物，所以填for，表示“用于”。]
9．is[考查动词的单复数。这每一种方式在两个国家都是可以接受的，each作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以填is。]
10．attractive[考查形容词。用在be动词之后，所以填形容词形式attractive，表示引人注目的。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
This winter vacation I went to Dunhuang to explore the Silk Road with my classmates.
When we got off the train，we were all excited and attracted by which we saw.The next day，we visit the Mogao Caves.Impressing by the great construction，we took many photos.A guide introduced the wall paintings to me.With curiosity，we listened attentive，asking questions and taking note.The camel ride on the third day was the most excited part of our tour.Looking far into the desert，I pictured that how ancient Chinese travelled along the long route.Before leaving，we took a group photo and to memorize the tour along the Silk Road.
The trip ended，but my interest keeps growing and I’m longing to seeing more sites along the Silk Road.
答案
This winter vacation I went to Dunhuang to explore the Silk Road with my classmates.
When we got off the train，we were all excited and attracted by which what we
saw.The next day，we
visit
visited the Mogao Caves.
Impressing
Impressed by the great
construction，we took many photos.A guide introduced the wall paintings to me us.With
curiosity，we listened
attentive
attentively，asking questions and taking
note
notes.The camel ride
on the third day was the most excited
exciting part of our tour.Looking far into the desert，I
pictured that how ancient Chinese travelled along the long route.Before leaving，we took a group photo and to memorize the tour along the Silk Road.
The trip ended，but my interest keeps growing and I’m longing to seeing
see more
sites along the Silk Road.
名词性从句 ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… 基础组 A.单句填空(每小题1.5分，共15分，限时8分钟) 1．[2016·衡水中学模拟]The Obama government has reformed on tax system. What people doubt is ________ it will do them any good. 答案whether [句意：奥巴马政府已经启动了税收体系改革。人们所怀疑的是这是否有利于他们。通过分析句子结构可知系动词is后为表语从句。与主语从句中的doubt对应可知人们持怀疑态度，因此用从属连词whether。] 2．[2016·冀州中学期中]The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ________ the boy would do. 答案what [句意：这个新来的男孩看着老师看了几秒钟，其他学生都想知道这个男孩会做什么。wondered后的宾语从句中缺宾语，故用what引导。] 3．[2016·衡水中学仿真]The problem is ________ one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 答案that [句意：问题是少睡一小时不能等同于额外的一小时的成就。分析句式可知is 后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，故填that。] 4．[2016·枣强中学预测]Choosing the right dictionary depends on ________ you want to use it for. 答案what [句意：选择正确的词典取决于你用它来做什么。通过分析句式可知短语depend on后为宾语从句，且宾语从句的引导词作介词for的宾语，因此用what。] 5．[2016·冀州中学一轮检测]It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming ________ it takes to be a good doctor. 答案what [句意：通常人们认为沟通技巧正在成为作为一名好医生必备的(技能)了。通过分析句子可知becoming后为表语从句，且从句中的takes缺少宾语。] 6．[2016·武邑中学一轮检测]Taking pictures of snow is ________ Ken has spent much of the past years doing. 答案what [句意：拍雪景是肯在过去的几年中做的事情。分析句子结构可知is后为表语从句，且引导词在从句中作动词doing的宾语，因此用what引导。] 7．[2016·武邑中学月考]There have been frequent traffic accidents in China recently, and that is ________ people are concerned. 答案where [句意：在中国最近不断出现交通事故，这就是人们关注的地方。表语从句中的concerned是不及物动词，引导词在从句中作状语，故用where。] 8．[2016·衡水中学热身]The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat ________ food they could find there. 答案whatever [句意：这对父子在山里迷路了，不得不吃他们能找到的任何食物。whatever food意为“任何食物”，在从句中作动词find的宾语。] 9．[2016·冀州中学期末]—Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children? —No, that's ________they are mistaken. 答案where [句意：——中国的母亲们试图帮孩子把一切都做了，你认为这样做明智吗？
名词性从句 同学们，在第3、4、5单元我们分别学习了宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。它们都属于名词性从句。现在，我们将从下面几点谈谈名词性从句： 一、相关概念; 二、种类; 三、常见引导词; 四、七大常考考点: 1.that \ what \ which; 2.it形式主语、宾语的用法; 3.语序问题; 4.同位语从句和定从的区别; 5.what \ whatever… 6.if\whether; 7.虚拟语气问题; 五、相关习题集中练习 一. 相关概念 1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词 2. 名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语,宾语,表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语,状语。 3. 名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。 二、名词性从句的种类 1. When we will start is not clear. 主语从句 2. Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief. 宾语从句 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 表语从句 4. I had no idea that you were her friend.同位语从句 三、常见引导词： 1）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个） 2）连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等，有意义，作成分 3）连接副词where, when, how, why等，有意义，在句中作状语
第 11 讲名词性从句 1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2020浙江卷) A. that B. what C. how D. whether 【答案及解析】1. B 考查主语从句引导词。句意：这种药将会带来什么样的副作用还不确定，虽然已有大约两千人在吃这种药。it为形式主语，______ side effect the medicine will bring about为真正的主语。还原句子： the medicine will bring about______ side effect，side effect前缺少一个修饰词，故用what。 2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? — No problem. (2020浙江卷) A. when B. that C. whether D. what 【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：“你有可能到机场来接我吗？”“没问题。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具体内容，故是同位语。又因这个从句不缺任何句子成分，故用that引导。 引导名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，
名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 1．连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中充当成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。 2．连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中充当成分，作状语。3．连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不充当成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不充当成分。 注意：名词性从句的语序———陈述语序 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×) How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√) 主语从句的用法 1．主语从句在复合句中作主语。如： Who_will_go is not important. 2．用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。如： It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not. 3．that引导主语从句时，不能省略。如： That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised. 表语从句的用法 1．表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。如： The question was who_could_go_there. 2．引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work. 宾语从句的用法
名词性从句（自招） 名词性从句 ◆定义：名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中起名词性作用， ◆分类：主语从句，状语从句，宾语从句及同位语从句， ◆引导名词性从句的 1）连接词：that,whether,if 2)关系代词：who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever 1.主语从句 ◆that 引导的主语从句 1)句首 That a round-rip to Mars would take more than a year and a half is estimated. That he misunderstood me is obvious. 1）引导的主语从句直接放在句首，it只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，2）用形式主语计来引导句子 that引导的主语从句放在句后时，为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，把真正的that 引导的主语从句放在句后。 It is strange that he made no answer. ti地known to all that the earth is round. 用it做形式主语的主语从句结构 1）It+be+名词+that从句 It is a fact that.…事实是…… It is a pity that… 可惜的是 It is a question that… …是个问题 It is an honor that-....非常荣幸 It is a sham e that….真是可耻 It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It is a wonder that ....真是个奇迹 2）It+ be + 形容词+that从句 It is certain that... 很肯定... It is natural that... 很自然... It is clear/evident tha t…很清楚… It is fortunate that... 很幸运… It is better that... 最好… It is (un)likely/probable that... 很有（不太）可能… 3）It+be+过去分词+that从句 It is said that... 据说... It is believed that... 人们认为… It is reported that... 据报道…
英语语法：名词性从句语法讲解 时间：2016-10-08作者：来源：精品学习网 笔者在此就名词性从句中的几大易错点进行分析，希望对同学们有所帮助。 [关系代词和关系副词的误用] 例1 （2016·全国卷Ⅰ） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 解析 that→where。本题考查宾语从句，引导词在从句中充当地点状语，所以将that改为where。 例2 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） As natural architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析 how。根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为how。 点拨若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用关系代词；若从句缺少时间、地点、原因、方式等状语成分，则使用关系副词 （when/where/why/how）。 [if和whether的误用] 例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends. 解析 if→whether。question后为同位语从句，只能用whether来引导，故而将if改为whether。 例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not. 解析考查主语从句。句意：你来还是不来，这不怎么重要。代词it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的主语从句。 点拨在表达“是否”这一意思时，我们经常会用到whether和if，但以下几种情况只用whether不用if： 1. 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中； 2. 在介词后的宾语从句中。如：It all depends on whether they will
专题十一名词性从句 一、定义 在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(the Subject Clause)、宾语从句(the Object Clause)、表语从句(the Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(the Appositive Clause)。 二、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 1. 从属连词：that, whether/if, as if 2. 连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose 3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how 具体用法见下表：
分 有 可 略。
【考点一】考查名词性从句的引导词 在高考单项选择题中，名词性从句连词的选择往往是测试的
热点。考生若不认真分析，没有正确的解题方法，常常造成判断上的失误，最终错选了连词。
名词性从句引导词的用法： 1. who意为“谁”，在从句中作主语。 2. whom意为“谁”，在从句中作宾语，但在口语中常用who 代替whom。 3. whoever(=anyone who)意为“凡是……的人”，它的宾格形式是whomever （但在口语中常用whoever代替whomever）。 4. whose意为“谁的”，在从句中作定语。 5. what (=the+n.+that)意为“什么”；whatever(=anything+that)意为“凡是……的物”。what 和whatever都可在从句中作主语、表语、宾语。 6. which意为“哪一个；哪些”；whichever意为“无论哪一个都”。which 和whichever都可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。 7. where意为“在哪儿”，在从句中作地点状语；when意为“什么时候”，在从句中作时间状语；how意为“如何”，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为什么”,在从句中作原因状语。 8. whether意为“是否”，在从句中不充当任何语法成分;引导及物动词的宾语从句时，可与if互换；引导介词的宾语从句或引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，只用whether。
高一年级必修三名词性从句语法专题（一） 主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）I．Revision What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? A tree has fallen across the road. ____________ Y ou are a student. ____________ To find your way can be a problem. ____________ Smoking is bad for you. ____________ “How do you do?” is a greeting. ____________ What she said is not yet known. ____________ That we shall be late is certain. ____________ It is certain that we shall be late. ____________ II．Learning subjective clauses Step 1划出主语从句, 初步识别主语从句 How you got me blind is still a mystery. That she had won the first prize made the girl very happy. When and where we will hold the meeting hasn’t been decided. Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. Who will host the meeting is still a serious problem. Whoever comes to China is welcome.. Step 2 看以下的主语从句，总结主语从句的位置特点。 阅读第四单元的课文，分析下列文中的主语从句，并进行小组讨论。 1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. 2.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 3.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 4.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 5.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem will be solved. 先划分句子，归纳出主语从句所在的位置， 根据以上主语从句实例，_____________________________________ Step 3 学习主语从句的主要连接词 1）从属连词：that，whether
高中英语讲义---- 名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从，同从） 1，陈述句做名从用连词that + SV, that 表主句肯定从句完整，不做成分。主从可用it 做形式主语，宾从第一个that 可省略。You study hard. 主从：That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard. 表从：My opinion is that you study hard . 宾从：I think (that) you study hard. …and that (不能省略)…. 同从：My opinion that you study hard is known to us. *比较同从和主从！ ●一般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句，不完整就是定语从句。 I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. （that后完整—同从） I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time.（that后不完整---定从） 2，一般问句做名从用连词whether(是否) + SV，whether表主句不肯定从句完整，宾从中可用if（介词后或宾从后有or not时只用whether）。Does your friend like English ? 主从：Whether your friend likes English isn’t clear .=It isn’t clear whether your friend likes English. 表从：My question is whether your friend likes English. 宾从：I don’t know whether/ if your friend likes English. 同从：My question whether your friend likes English isn’t clear. 3, 特殊问句做名从用疑问词（连词）+ SV, 疑问词做主语时直接+谓语。连接代词（what/which/who/whose…）表主句不肯定从句不完整，连接副词（when/where/why/how）表主句不肯定从句完整。 Where did you go just now ? 主从：Where you went just now isn’t clear.= It isn’t clear where you went just now. 表从：My question is where you went just now. 宾从：I wonder where you went just now. 同从：My question where you went just now isn’t clear. ●当主句为现在时态从句时态不受影响，当主句为过去时态从句就应该变成过去的某种时态，但客观真 理总用一般现在时，有固定过去时间总用过去时。 高频考点1，当主从句都缺成分时指物用what/whatever/whichever(有范围), 指人用whoever / whomever(做宾语). The buildings have built in _what_ was farmland. _What_ you need is courage. The prize will be awarded to _whoever_ has won the game. You can choose _what/whatever/whomever_ you like. Of all, you can choose _whichever_ you like . 2, No matter+疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句（主从句逗号分开），疑问词+ever 既可引导让步状从，又可引导名从（从句在主句中做成分）。 _No matter who / whoever-has broken the law , he ‘ll be punished . _Whoever_ has broken the law will be punished. 3, 抽象名词（fact, news/word, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, problem, possibility/chance ,rumor,
名词性从句复习完整版本学案 高考英语语法复习之名词性从句 名词性从句第一类 主语从句 1.____________you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure. 2.___________the storm will continue makes the public worried 3. It suddenly occurred to Rose ____________ she hadn't turned off the TV after leaving the room. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 4. It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 5. As I searched the name Linda on the Internet, it became evident____________ there're two with the same name who look completely different. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 6. It is a pity ____________ you have missed the wonderful lecture. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 7.It is announced in today's newspaper____________ the president will pay a visit to China next week. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 8. It is believed ____________ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning． (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 9. ___________ he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 10. ___________ light travels faster than sound is known to us all.
by John Wang 高二(上)秋季班精品课程 Lecture 2 现在分词作状语和状语从句（B） Part I 语法精讲(B)(新世纪：现在分词作状语+ 牛津Unit 1，让步状语从句) 1. 现在分词状语种类以及和状语从句的转化 More and more people are practicing Yuga nowadays, taking advantage of its relaxing effect.
2. 现在分词作状语的注意点 1) 分词的逻辑主语是主结构的主语。 2) 3) 分词状语和主结构之间是不能用并列连词（如and, but, or, so 等）来连接的，因为分词状语不是句子的并列谓语。但是分词状语前可以加上一些从属连词，这是为了加强分词状语的逻辑关系。 4) 以分词形式体现的独立成分，无需考虑逻辑主语，例如： considering / given 考虑到 generally speaking 一般来说 judging from / by 从...来判断 personally speaking 就个人来说 simply put 简言之 speaking of 说到，谈及 3. 让步状语和让步状语从句 1) 让步状语和让步状语从句连接词一览表 Walking , whispering the news to her
2) while的用法 Part II 语法精练 (A) 根据语法规则，完成下列句子 1. It seemed only seconds ___ the policemen rushed into the building and seized the terrorists.
名词性从句 单句语法填空 1、Exactly__________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. 2、__________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 3、Every year,__________makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 4、It is often the case__________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 5、The Sting four years later had its root in the fact __________although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 6、The question was brought to life again __________a person has the right to end his or her own life and a doctor has the right to assist. 7、Most importantly, you should always hold the belief__________ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time. 8、I made a promise to myself__________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 9、The art centre is __________used to be a factory,__________ millions of tractors were made. 10、From space, the earth looks blue. This is__________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 11、We have learned from the story that __________is the most valuable is not what we have in our lives but __________are in our lives. 12、Emma Wallace from the University of York told the Daily Mail that the music with fast rhythm may have been__________ kept the chimps off. 13、Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell__________close you may be to victory. 14、The other day, my father drove his car down at__________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
武屯中学高三自主招生班 1．名词性从句有哪些？________________________________________________ 3. 找出下列句子中的从句并辨别种类： 1）That he will come is certain. 2）I know that he will come 3）That the player got the first place made us excited. 4）The truth is that I have been there. 5）The fact that she was late surprised us. 6）That he knows Japanese is known to all. 7) What surprised me was to see him here 8) When he will come is unknown . 9) Whether he is coming doesn’t matter much. 10) It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain. 二．课中探究： （一）．名词性从句的语序: ________陈述语序_____________ 1. Can you tell me _________________ then? A. what were you thinking of B. what you were thinking of 2. Can you tell me _______________________? A. what is the matter with you B. what the matter is with you （二）区别what与that 探究: what与that在从句中的句法功能有何不同？ What在从句中作句子成分，有含义，而that没有含义，不作句子成分。
第11讲名词性从句的5个高频考点与2种解题方法 备考指导名词性从句是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。解决名词性从句类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法，是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断，是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的动词来判断。 一、名词性从句中的5个高频知识点 1．只能用whether不能用if的4种情况 (1)引导主语从句且位于句首 (2)引导表语从句 (3)从句为介词的宾语 (4)后紧跟不定式 2．有些动词带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it 如：hate，like，take，owe，have，see to，depend on，rely on等，除此之外，take it for granted中的it是位于动词而不是从句之前。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 3．不能省略that的宾语从句 (1)it作形式主语时 (2)宾语从句较长时 (3)主句的状语置于主句句尾、宾语从句之前 I realized at once that I had dialed the wrong number. 我立即认识到了我打的号码错了。 (4)宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于从句句首时 He told us that if we would all come to help out the whole situation would be looking up.他告诉我们如果我们能够全部来帮忙整个局势会好转。 (5)主句谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时 He found，however，that this was not true. 然而，他发现这不是真的。
英语重难点语法 第一讲句子构成成分分析 句子构成 构成句子的成分共分为九种：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语和插入语。 一、主语：句子的核心主体，通常位于谓语动词之前，表明一个句子是谁或何种情况所发出执行或是承受的。常做主语的有名词、代词、主语从句、V-ing 、To do五种。 1 名词： Success is the result of good judgment. Life lights the candle of hope. 2 代词： We live and learn. I doubt, therefore I think. I think, therefore I am. 3 主语从句： How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is. What is worth doing is worth doing well. 4 V-ing: Losing can be a real beginning. Believing in yourself is the secret of success. 5 To do: To light the candle of heart is better than to curse the darkness of the outside wold. To know is wisdom and to do is a skill. 二、谓语：描述或阐述主语的情况，由动词来充当，常位于主语之后。 1 表状态用系动词： Life is full of ups and downs. Life is hope and hope is life. 2 表动作用及物或不及物动词： Many hands make light work.
名词性从句超详细讲解] 【文字｜双语| 教程】▼引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （[1] 均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（10个）：what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever连接副词（7个）：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词。2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词.比较whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。 eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.2. 引导表语从句。eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3.whether从句作介词宾语。eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用
名词性从句 课前篇 考纲要求 1.名词性从句引导词的用法比较。 2.能够辨别同位语从句与定语从句。 牛刀小试 1. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 2. Mum is coming. What present ______ for your birthday? A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got 3. We haven’t settled the question of _________ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that 知长问短
课上篇 1.高考趋势 名词性从句是复合句中比较难掌握的语法内容之一，几乎每年高考都要考。名词性从句在各种题目中也经常出现，因此应切实掌握这一考点。其中对名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重，考生如何正确理解句子的含义并选取正确的连接词是解答这一类题目的关键。 2.语法脉络 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。 名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。 ㈠主语从句 ①在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. ②单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. ③有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 It is known to us how he became a writer. ④在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary It’s important, It’s natural/strange…that … ㈡宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。