高考英语定语从句讲解及习题-完美版

高考英语定语从句讲解及习题-完美版
高考英语定语从句讲解及习题-完美版

在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

提示:关系词在定语从句中有三大作用

1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。

I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。(连接先特词和定语从句I )

2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。

a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。(替代)

3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。

I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。(在定语从句中作主语)

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

A.

指人,在定语从句中作主语。

?

借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词)

. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。(定语从句修饰先行词)

, , .

会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。(定语从句修饰先行词)

B.

指人,在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中,可省略或可用来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用。

.

有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。(定语从句分别修饰先行词, )

I .

和我一起工作的人都很友好。(定语从句修饰先行词)

. , I , .

. , I , .

昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。(非限制性定语从句中不能用代替)

, I , .

两个人来到我的办公室,我以前从未见过他们。(在介词后面不用)

C.

人、物皆可,做定语,后面要紧跟被修饰的名词,先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。

有些人,他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。(定语从句修饰先行词)

I .

我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。(定语从句修饰行词)

D.

1.指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。

a .

英语是一门容易学的语言。(在定语从句中作主语,不能省略)

() .

孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词作的宾语,可以省略)

2.引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句,相当于。

, .

吉姆通过了驾驶考试,这使大家都感到惊讶。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是)'t , a .

希拉不能来参加聚会,真遗憾。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是)

3.在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。

a , .

约翰在这里呆了一星期,在此期间我们一起游了西湖。

, 't .

周末可能下雪,在这种情况下,我们就不去北京了。

E.

指人时,相当于或;指物时,相当于。在定语从句中作主语或宾语(做宾语时常可省略)。

.

他就是住在隔壁的那个人。(定语从句修饰先行词,作主语)

I 't .

我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。(定语从句修饰先行词,作主语)

() ’t.

安买的衣服不太合身。(定语从句修饰先行词,作宾语可省略)

() I ?

有我能为你效劳的事吗?(定语从句修饰先行词,作宾语,可省略)

提示:

在口语中,有时还可以作关系副词,相当于或介词结构。

() . 他来的那一天,我们就走了。(替)

't () . 他看问题的方法和我们不一样。(代替)

() ! 很难想象,他开车的速度那么快!(代替)

F.其他关系代词

和也可作关系代词,引导定语从句。

1.

可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。

①在限制性定语从句中,可跟在由, , 修饰的先行词之后。

听过他说话的人,都会深受感动。(在定语从句中作的主语)

I' .

我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。(在定语从句中作的宾语)

a .

他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。(在定语从句中的宾语)

比较:

在结构中,也可用代替。但严格地说,强调相同,注重同一。

.

她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。(指的是与先行词相似的同类事物)

's .

她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。(指的是与先行词同一事物)

②在非限制性定语从句中,可代表主句整个句子,引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,一般用逗号与主句分开。

, .

众所周知,台湾属于中国的领土。

, .

他是南方人,这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。

必背:

一些由引导的定语从句常位于句首,已形成了固定的说法。

这是众所周知的如前所说

情况常常如此

这可以想象得出正如已经指出的那样这种情况常常发生

2.

作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句,同具有否定意思的主句连用,相当于, 或。

a .

我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。(= )

. 很少人不反对战争。(= )

G.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。

1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置

关系代词, 在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(, 不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

a , .

= a , .

他是个经验丰富的人,从他那儿可以学到很多。

a .

( ) a .

他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。

I .

I'm .

我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。

2.介词+关系代词的常见结构

①介词

.

这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。

a , .

很幸运,我们带了一张地图,如没有的话,我们就会迷路了。

②名词

. 请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。(也可用)

③数词

's , .

她有三只幸运笔,其中两只从未用过。

④代词

I , .

我发现篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。

, .

我们班有50个学生,其中大多数来自大城市。

⑤最高级

, . 中国有数千个岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。

⑥介词名词

, .

他通常十点钟回家,在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。

, .

他的妻子病得很重,在这种情况下,他不得不放弃出国的机会。

3.关系代词前介词的选择

在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中,应注意介词的正确选择。

①根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。

's 's .

他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。(是固定搭配词组)

a .

在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。(. 是固定搭配词组)

②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。

I' I .

我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。( 前面一般用介词)

a ?

你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗?(a 前面一般用)

③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。

那就是你曾经住过的房子吗?( )

④根据所要表达的意思来确定。

, I .

这是我的眼镜,离了它我什么也看不清。

注意:

当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。

I, , I .

我是你的好朋友,我会尽我一切所能来帮你。

, , a .

这家人很爱音乐,他们每月都去听一次音乐会。

.

他是班上英语说得很好的男生之一。(+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式)

.

他是班上唯一英语说得很好的男生。(() +复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式)

二、关系副引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有, 或等。, , 分别在定语从句中作状语,在意义上相当于介词结构,分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。

A.

指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

I I .

我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。( )

a .

他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。( )

1949, 's China .

我们永远忘不了1949年,那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。( )

B.

指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

I I .

我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。( = )

I a .

我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。( = )

's

你度假的那个地方叫什么名字?( = )

C.

指原因,在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。

.

请告诉我你误机的原因。( = )

.

他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

注意:

无论是关系代词,还是关系副词,都在定语从句中取代了先行词,因此,先行词在定语从

句中不复出现。

【误】I .

【正】I .

这就是我昨天借的书。(在定语从句中取代了先行词,作的宾语,因此,要去掉)【误】.

【正】.

英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。(在定语从句中取代了先行词,作的状语,因此,要去掉)

三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

根据定语从句在句中所起的作用,可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。A.限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。

.

这就是打破窗子的孩子。(是先行词,是限制性定语从句,明确指出是打破窗子的那个孩子)

I a .

我有一本讲解英语语法的书。(a 是先行词,是限制性定语从句,修饰)

.

你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。(定语从句定先行词)

B.非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语,对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。

I, , .

我是你的朋友,将与你分担这项工作。(I是先行词,是非限制性定语从句,对先行词I 起附加说明的作用)

, .

新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的,这是我们大家都知道的。(是非限制性定语从句,对主句作进一步的补充说明)

C.在下列情况下,通常使用非限制性定语从句。

1.当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。

, , a .

太阳是一颗恒星,它给我们光和热。

I 's , .

去年我参观了人民大会堂,每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。

2.当定语从句修饰整个主句时。

, .

众所周知,台湾属于中国的领土。

, 't .

天气非常糟糕,这点们没有料到。

3.当先行词是专有名词,或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。

. , a .

乔先生现在住在北京,那里距离这儿很远。

I , .

我祝贺我的邻居,他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。

非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”

(1) 关系词不能用

(2) 关系词不能用,只能用

(3) 有且只有能放整个句首,不能

(4) “介词+关系代词其中的关系代词不能用。介词+

(5) 指人的关系代词作宾语时,只能用宾格; 不能用替换,也不能省略。

四、关系代词和关系副词的选用

引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用,比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物,所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的,以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外,还要根据习惯用法而定。

A.只用

1.在非限制定语从句中指人时:

, , .

他妈妈十分地爱他,对他要求很严格。

2.先行词是, , 等指人时:

.

一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。

.

任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。

.

凡是反对这项计划的人,请举手。

3.在开头的句子中。

a .

有个男孩想见你。

B.只用

在下列情况下,一般不能用代替。

1.在非限制性定语从句中。

, 't .

天气非常糟糕,这我们没有料到。

2.介词后面。

关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面,只能用或,不能用。

a , a .

他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上,从那里他看到很好的景色。(也可用)

a , .

声音是工具,人们通过这个工具进行交流。

C.只用

1.当先行词为, , , , , , 等词时,或当先行词被, , , , , , 等词修饰时。

. 他所说的一切都是真的。

's . 他死了,再也没有什么办法了。

. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。

. 这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。

提示: 后面可用引导定语从句。

( ) I'd . 有些事我想告诉你。

2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

() .

在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

() I .

她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。

3.当先行词被, 修饰时。

() I . 这正是我要买的语法书。

() . 美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。

4.当先行词为或前面有, 等疑问代词时。

?

有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情?

? 站在门口的那个人是谁?

? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身?

5.当先行词为人与事物或动物时。

.

掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。

.

被认为在森林里迷路的孩子与狗,今天早上已经获救了。

6.先行词在定语从句中做表语时。

() . 她再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。

() . 他这人不貌相。

D.关系副词与关系代词的选择

当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时,定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导,要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。

I .

我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。(作状语)

I .

我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。(作宾语)

I a a .

我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。(作状语)

I a .

我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。(作主语)

E.关系词的省略

在下列情况下,关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。

1.关系代词, , , 在定语从句中做宾语时,常可省略。

( ) ? 这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗?

( ) I .

飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。

2.以为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由或引导,而且通常可以省略。

I 't ( ) . 我不喜欢她走路的样子。

( ) .

他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。

3.在, , 结构中,, , 可省略。

I () . 我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。

's () . 那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。

F.定语从句与强调句型的区别

1.强调句型中的是个引导词,本身没有意义。如果去掉,句子结构仍然完整,句意也完整。定语从句中的是指示代词,做主句的主语。如果去掉,句子结构不完整,意思也完整。

a . 这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。(定语从句)

. 她喜欢阅读的是小说。(强调句)

2.在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句;在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。

(强调句型)

那位末朝皇帝是在这个宫殿里死的吗?

(定语从句)

这是那位末朝皇帝死的宫殿吗?

3.有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句,这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析或在句中的作用。

.

他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。(是定语从句,在从句中作主语,并可被替换)

.

是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。(是定语从句,在从句中作主语)

G.定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1.定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词,是名词性的,其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。

a () 't . 这是一个你不能否认的事实。(定语从句)

a . 她尽了最大的努力,这是事实。(同位语从句)

2.在定语从句中,代先行词,在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当某个句子成分,在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中,只起连接主句和从句的作用,无意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,一般不可省。

() .

我们听到的消息传遍了校园。(定语从句)

. .

李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位从句)

历年高考真题:

1. , ?

. 2006年(四川卷)

A. B. C. D.

2. I a . I , . 2006年(重庆卷)

A. B. C. D.

3. , a . 2006年(广东卷)

A. B. C. D.

4. a a ’t. 2006年(北京卷)

A. ; 不填

B. 不填;

C. ;

D. 不填; 不填

5. , . 2006年(湖南卷)

A. B. C. D.

6. , . 2006(陕西卷)

A. B. C. D.

7. , , . 2006年(天津卷)

A. B. C. D.

8. I , I . 2006年(浙江卷)

A. B. C. D.

9. , , , . 2006年(江苏卷)

A. B. C. D.

10. ’ a . 2006年(山东卷)

A. B. C. D.

11. ,. 2006年(上海春季)

A. B. C. D.

12. a , . 2007年(全国Ⅰ卷)

A. C. D.

13. , , . 2007年(安徽卷)

14. . 2007年(重庆卷)

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2.按题意先行词用在() 后构成() 在句中作方式状语,应填。【D】

3.先行词是指整个主句的内容, 但是它在从句中不充当任何成分,故该句型不属定语从句,应为原因状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与原因状语从句的区别。【A】

4.先行词在句中作主语,应选【C】

5.按题意先行词在句中作. . 结构作介词的宾语,应选【B】。

6.按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中又构成了() 作介词的宾语,应选【A】。

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一定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语主要由形容词担任。此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词也可以做定语。 a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意:汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面, thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. the boy from America Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom. falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool He is the man who you are looking for. 二:定义及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why. 1. I have an apple. An apple is red. I have an apple that/which is red. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 2.I like some friends. Some friends like sports. I like friends who like sports. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 3.I like music. The music is quiet. I like music that/which is quiet. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句,连接主从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 (二)关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识,也是高考常考点,大家也不容易掌握,这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构,因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如: There are occasions when (on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错: (错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对)This is the mountain village (which)I visited last year. (对)I'll never forget the days (which)I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关

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