最新小学英语动词形式变化

最新小学英语动词形式变化
最新小学英语动词形式变化

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精品文档

一、小学英语动词基本形式:原形、一般现在时的第三人称单数形式、过去式和现在分词。

1. 第三人称单数的构成方法

与名词的单数变复数规则大致一样,即:

(1) 一般情况下由动词后加-s 构成:work / works ,read / reads 等。

(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o 结构的动词,后加-es :guess / guesses, mix / mixes, go / goes, buzz / buzzes, finish / finishes, catch / catches 等。

(3) 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词,应将y 改为i 再加-es :fly / flies, study / studies 等。

【注】 有个别的变化不规则,如have / has, be / is 等。 2. 过去式的构成方法

分规则变化和不规则变化两种。不规则变化需逐个记忆,规则变化遵循以下原则: (1) 一般情况下,在动词后加ed 构成:work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted 等。

(2) 在以不发音的-e 结尾动词后只加d :close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled 等。

(3) 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词,应将y 改为i 再加-ed :study / studied, carry / carried 等。

(4) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed :stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred 等。

【注】动词picnic(野餐)的过去式是picnicked 。 3. 现在分词的构成方法

(1) 一般情况下,在动词后加-ing 构成:work / working, sleep / sleeping, wait / waiting 等。

(2) 在不发音的-e 结尾动词去掉e 后再加-ing :smile / smiling, move / moving 等。

(3) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing :sit / sitting, plan / planning 等。

(4) 少数以字母ie 结尾的动词,通常将ie 改为y ,再加ing :die / dying, lie / lying, tie / tying 等。

【注】名词变复数、形容词和副词变比较级和最高级、动词变过去式和过去分词等都有“改y 规则”,但动词的现在分词没有“改y 规则”。动词picnic(野餐)的现在分词为picnicking ,不是picnicing 。

二、形容词比较级的构成方法

(1)

(2) 一般在形容词或副词后面直接加–er 变为比较级如:old —older high —higher

(3) 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,则双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er 变为比较级如:big —big thin —thin

(4)

(5) 以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的,则将改y 为 i 再加-er 变为比较级busy —busier heavy —heavier

(6)

(7) 以字母 e 结尾的,直接加 –r 变为比较级,加 –st 变为最高级.如: large —larger —largest free —freer —freest

三、

四、基数词:

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen

twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 五、月份(month ):

January February March April May June July August September October November December 六、

七、星期:

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