英语语法讲解:虚拟语气的几点特殊用法

英语语法讲解:虚拟语气的几点特殊用法
英语语法讲解:虚拟语气的几点特殊用法

英语语法讲解:虚拟语气的几点特殊用法

1、在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如:

1)If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反。)

2)If he had followed the doctor's advice, he would recover already.如果他遵照医生的劝告,现在病就好了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)

2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。例如:

1)Had we time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出时间,我们很乐意逛公园。

2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity, the modern world would experience great inconvenience.假如没有发现电,现代世界将很不方便。

3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词(如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连

(or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词 suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。例如:

1)But for your advice, I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的劝告,我是不会做这份工作的。

2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened, otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.显然维克多不知道发生了什么事情。不然的话,他就不会说这样愚蠢的话了。

4、在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或"should+动词原形"表示虚拟语气。这类动词有ask, demand,

insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等。例如:

1)They demanded that the aggressor

troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他们要求立即撤出侵略军。

2)I moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建议,由于他犯有严重错误,应解除他的职务。

5、在和idea,necessity,plan,

motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,und er- standing等词有关的同位语或表语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或"should+动词原形"表示虚拟语气。例如:

1)M y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意见是小组召开另一次会议来讨论这个问题。

2)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我们强调在开始制定一个新的计划之前,必须把要达到的所有目标都考虑进去。

6、在某些"It is+形容词+that..."句型中,如"It is important(necessary, essential,

natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that...",that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词均用动词原形或"should+动词原形"来表示虚拟语气。例如:

1)It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人们迫切地希望能给这个学院派一个新院长。

2)It is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪,这个女孩竟会如此傲慢。

7、在"It is

ordered(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)+that..."这个句型中,that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气形式,谓语动词用动词原形或"should+动词原形"。例如:

1)It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提议露茜在晚会上表演一个节目。

2) It was suggested that more teachers(should)be sent there to help them.有人建议派更多的老师去那儿帮助他们。

8、as if /though可以引出一个状语从句也可以引出一个表语从句。当as if/though跟在be,feel,look,seem,sound等系动词之后时,引导的是表语从句;如果主句的谓语动词不是联系动词be等,as if/though引导的则是方式状语从句。无论是哪种类型的从句,只要从句的内容是不真实的,都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反,

谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反要用"had+过去分词";表示与将来可能相反的则用"would(could,might)+动词原形"。例如:

1)I feel as if I were going to faint.我感到我像要昏过去似的。(与现在事实相反的表语从句)

2)She cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(与将来可能相反的主语从句)

9、在It is(about /high)time引导的定语从句中,也可以根据需要使用虚拟语气,用以表示"(此刻)该做……而没有做"的意思,其谓语动词用过去时或"should+动词原形(用should时,不能将其省略)"。例如:

1)It is time I should leave.我该走了。

2)It is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你该穿衣服了。

10、if only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构,现在已成为惯用法,表达愿望。从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望;对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望,从句就用过去完成时。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件,常译成"要是……就好了!"例如:

1)If only I had taken mother's advice.我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。

2)If only I could speak several foreign languages.我要是能讲几种外语就好了。

11、在以in order that, so that, lest引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)+动词原形"或"should+动词原形 "。在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用"should+动词原形"。例如:

1)She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好几天,以便能照顾生病的母亲。

2)The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老师一再解释这些句子以便学生能够清楚地理解。

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

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英语常见虚拟语气最全总结

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If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

虚拟语气用法详解

虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he were free, he would help us.

If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如: Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如:

虚拟语气的特殊用法教学提纲

虚拟语气的特殊用法

虚拟语气的特殊用法 江苏省郑集高级中学李博雅 一.在动词suggest(提议,提出,建议), advise(劝告,忠告), order(命令,下令,吩咐), demand(要求), propose(提议), require(要求), insist(坚持, 坚决主张), command(命令), request(请求, 恳求), desire(请求), prefer(提出)等动词后的宾语从句的谓语,这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从句的谓语,以及这些词的名词同位语从句、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气, should可以省略。如: 1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize. 2. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting. 3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf. 4. The general ordered the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.(宾语从句) = The general’s order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.(表语从句) = It was ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.(主语从句) = The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.(同位语从句) 5. I suggest that he (should) be careful.(宾语从句) = My suggestion is that he (should) be careful.(表语从句) = It is suggested that he (should) be careful.(主语从句) = I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be careful.(同位语从句) 二.在动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,现在或将来的动作用过去式(常含有情态动词could或would);过去的动作用过去完成式。wish用过去式,从句中与wished同时发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式(也常含有情态动词could或would);在wished之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如: 1. How I wish I could fly to the moon. 2. He wishes I had come yesterday. 3. I wished he could come to give me a hand. 4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier. 三.在以 in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中,谓语常用“may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“should + 动词原形”,特别是从句为否定结构。如: 1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could / might hear clearly. 2. What is needed in order that electrical charges may move? 3. She stood away so that I should enter first. 4. I got up early so that I should not miss the train. 仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2

高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析

高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1.I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A.handed; didn’t steal B.hand; hadn’t stolen C.hand; not steal D.handed; hadn’t stolen 2.Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A.won’t be B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.can’t be 3.This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A.go B.had gone C.would go D.went 4.The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A.shall B.should C.can D.may 5.What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A.be made B.will be made C.would be made D.has to be made 6.I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A.am, will be B.were, would C.will be, could D.was, could 7.How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A.shut B.have shut C.had shut D.would shut 8.That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A.betrayed, take B.had betrayed, took C.has betrayed, took D.has betrayed, take 9.Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A.were it not for B.if there being no C.hadn't it been for D.if it is not for 10.The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A.printed B.had been printed C.would been printed D.be printed 11.What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A.need have done B.must have done C.can have done D.might have done 12.If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.

虚拟语气的用法讲解

第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如: ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功! 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。 如: ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运! ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐! ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就! ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

虚拟语气用法归纳优选稿

虚拟语气用法归纳文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句,表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气,愿望以及建议,命令,要求等等的情感,往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后,有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块,第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面:基本用法,各自为政,以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法: 通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的,如果两者时间不一致,此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合,一边有三种情况,交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样,我们要遵循一个原则,就是“各自为政”。例如,从句是对过去情况的假设,而主句则是对现在情况的假设,那我们在使用时,从句就用过去完成式,而主句要用

would/could do的形式。当然,也不是所有的AB配就是合理的,有时候在具体语境下,会出现矛盾的情况,这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来 判断他们是对什么情况的假设,选择合适的形式。一般而言,主句的假 设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现 主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中,我们要特别提醒注意时间 状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设)

虚拟语气的特殊用法学案

虚拟语气的特殊用法 一、混合式虚拟语气 条件从句中的动词所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式决定于要表示的具体时间。 使用混合式虚拟语气时,注意要抓住主从句中时间的象征性词汇(如now, yesterday 等)来确定是与哪种事实相反,然后再根据主从句中谓语动词的构成来确定。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天对他讲的话,你现在就知道怎么做了。 If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now. 如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救,他的家现在就不会如此安宁。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见,你现在就会好得多。 二、含蓄条件句 含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: 1.介词或介词短语,如but for(要不是……), without, in case of, under more favourable conditions(在更有利的条件下)等取代了if引导的条件状语从句。 Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气,地球上就不会有生命了。 He would have failed but for.his teacher's timely advice =if it had not been for his teacher's timely advice 如果没有老师及时的建议的话,他可能失败了。 We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话,我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。 We could have done better under more favourable conditions. 在更有利的条件下,我们还可以做得更好些。 2. 用but that+从句(要不是,若非),otherwise, or, but 等分句来代替if引导的条件状语从句。 But that he saw i t with his own eyes, he couldn’t have believed it. 要不是亲眼所见,她不可能相信这事的。(从句用陈述语气,主句用虚拟语气) He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he had an important meeting to attend.他昨天上午就会来看你了,可他有个重要的会议要参加。(主句用虚拟语气,分句用陈述语气) I was ill that day. Otherwise/ or I would have taken part in your birthday party. (本句省略的条件句为If I hadn’t been ill that day.)(如果那天我没生病的话)我那天生病了,否则我就参加你的生日聚会了。 1. If you _____________(follow) my advice yesterday, you _____________(be) better now.

英语虚拟语气用法总结

英语虚拟语气用法总结 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句:主语+过去时 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实:不知道) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句:主语+had+done 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg: 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她. (事实:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实:没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句:主句 ①if+主语+were to do :①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

英语虚拟语气用法详解

英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等,祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等,虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如: I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上,它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如: If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如: If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上,他可能就死于那场车祸了。

(3) 与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如: If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如:If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如: Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for

英语虚拟语气讲解

英语虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 条件从句主句 与现在事实相反 If 主语+动词过去式(be的过 去式用were) Should would, might, could+动词原形 与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should would, might, could)+ have +过去分词 与将来事实相反If 主语+动词过去式(be的过去 式用were);should+动词原 形;were to+动词原形 should(would, might, could)+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句, If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。 (事实是:天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。) If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。 (事实是:他没来这,他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。) 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句如: She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了。 (事实是:当时没有人邀请她,因此,她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。)If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上,她要是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了。 (事实是:她今天早上叫我了,我没有睡过头。表示感激。) 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句, If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.

虚拟语气用法大全

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 (1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如: 2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如: busy. (3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如: (4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如: 2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如: 3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如: 4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法: 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过

实用英语虚拟语气的解析及其用法讲解

实用英语虚拟语气的解析及其用法讲解 在当前英语语法当中,有一些学生总结的几个难点语法,其中之一就是虚拟语气,怎样判断出句子使用了虚拟语气,是哪一种形式的虚拟语气是学生无法清楚掌握的难点。本文从虚拟语气的定义到各种形式都进行了详细的讲解和分析,并针对各种形式的用法都进行了分析和举例,讲解明白,以帮助学生们能更好地了解和掌握英语语法中这个难学的语言现象。 标签:英语虚拟语气;定义;用法;分析及举例 一、虚拟语气的定义(Subjunctive Mood) 在我们了解什么是虚拟语气前,大家首先要弄清楚英语的语气表达,也就是英语学习中我们都会用到哪些语气。英语中的语气(Mood)可以分为:1The Indicative Mood(陈述语气);2The Interrogative Mood(疑问语气);3The Imperative Mood(祈使语气);4The Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气)4类。陈述、疑问、祈使语气在本文中就不再过多阐述。而我们在这里重点讲解虚拟语气。什么是虚拟语气呢?虚拟语气用来表示假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时,也用虚拟语气。 二、虚拟语气的判断及用法 (一)if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 if条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种:1与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,主句用“should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”。 2与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。 3与将来事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should(wereto)+动词原形”,主句用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。 (二)宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断 A:表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如:

虚拟语气用法归纳讲解学习

虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood)用法归纳 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述 句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如: ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ① Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿 望、假设或推测等。如: ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③ May you succeed! 祝您成功! 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、 或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如:

⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如: ⑴ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐! ⑶ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就! ⑷ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹ May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型,主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如: ⑴ Long live the people! 人民万岁! ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。

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