英汉翻译讲义

英汉翻译讲义
英汉翻译讲义

I. 英汉翻译原理第一讲:什么是翻译?

【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.

(“×”号表示译文有问题,下同)

×树的历史开始于森林中,直到生产为木板后被使用为止,成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。

上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容:

1、树的历史的起迄时间

2、树的历史是怎样一回事

【译文】一棵树,从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止,这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事,在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。

【例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact.

One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.

×有两个调节系统相互作用。一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明,就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。

【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息,依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。

寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法,常表现如下:

1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬,但基本可读。如:

【例3】I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.

×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家,他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。

【译文】我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家,他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。

2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通,甚至不知所云。如:

【例4】The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern.

×传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。

【译文】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思,而是对固定形式的个性化处理。

3、典型的英语表达形式在汉语无法找到对等形式,翻译无从着手。如:

【例5】Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come -- with the people who respect you for who you are.

【译文】发现自我,如实地表现自我,你自然会为人们所喜欢--为那些尊重你的真正个性的人们所喜欢。

【例6】Where do you expect Shanghai to be in five years?

【译文】你预计今后五年上海的发展目标如何?

翻译不是一种语言中的词语和语句结构到另一种语言的词语和语句结构的简单转换,也不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中对等的词语和语句结构然后将其串接成句的过程。在英汉翻译中,如果把眼光盯着原文的词语和语句结构这些属于语言层次的东西,结果翻译出来的只是一种文字层次的转换,徒具其形,原文的内容和意义不可能得到很好的表达。

翻译究竟是什么呢?

翻译的过程就好比交通工具的换乘过程,两者之间有诸多相似之处。

交通工具换乘过程:

内容(人员)

载体(运输工具1)内容(人员)

载体(运输工具2)

翻译过程:

内容(信息)

载体(源语)内容(信息)

载体(译语)

比较两者,其共同点有:

(1) 两者带有相似的目的:

两种转换过程都是为了实现内容通过载体的变换从一端到另一端的传递。

(2) 两者含有相似的基本要素:

第一要素内容,在交通工具换乘过程中是人员,而在翻译过程中则是信息。

第二要素载体,在交通工具换乘过程中是车辆、船舶、飞机等,转换前是一种运输工具,转换后改为另一种运输工具;而在翻译过程中则是语言,转换前是源语(source language),转换后是译语(target language)。

(3) 两者具有相似的操作要求:

第一,两者都要求内容不变。

第二,两者都要求过程顺畅

德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation:Problems & Methods一书中说:

Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language. Translating is always meaning-based, i.e. it is the transfer of meaning instead of

form from the source language to the target language.(翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语,而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。翻译始终立足于语义,也就是说,是语义从源语到译语的转换,而不是形式。)

这说明了翻译是语义的翻译,不是语言形式的翻译,是运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种语言所表达的内容,而不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中含义相似的某些词语或结构。翻译必须跳出原文语言层面的束缚,必须着眼于传达原文的内容和意义。

换句话说,翻译的基本单位应该是语篇,而不是词语结构。根据系统功能语言学家的观点,语言的实际使用单位是语篇这样的言语单位,而不是词语结构这样的语法单位。实际使用的语篇有可能是一个句子、一个句段、一个句群,也有可能是一个词语。翻译作为语言交际的一种形式,其实质是用一种语言的语篇材料代替另一种语言与其意义对等的语篇材料。翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

II. 英汉翻译原理第二讲:什么是好的译文?

【例7】Public opinion plays a vital and healthy role in the political realm.

×公共舆论在政治领域起着生命力的、健康的作用。

【译文】舆论在政治领域起着极其重要的、有益的作用。

【例8】I am sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to lend support to me.

×我相信如果你有足够的好心支持我的话,它将会改变形势。

【译文】我相信如果你非常好心能撑我一把的话,情况就不一样了。

【例9】Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.

×职业和工作带来很大的幸福和满足,而我们大多数人并不意识到这一点。

【译文】职业和工作对于获得幸福和满足起了很大的作用,我们大多数人对此却认识不足。

两类问题:一类是译文语义基本符合原文,但汉语表达有欠正确;

另一类是汉语表达尚有可读性,但译文语义不符原文。

目前翻译界普遍接受的,也是作为一般翻译学习者必须努力掌握的标准,简而言之是两条:忠实(Faithfulness) 和流畅(Smoothness)。

【例10】For Nat Nakasa the pledge he was required to sign -- to leave his country and never return proved too much; he committed suicide in New York.

×纳特•纳卡萨不得不发誓离开祖国,不管情况如何永不返家,并自杀于纽约。

【译文】对纳特•纳卡萨来说,要他签字保证离开祖国永不返回是难以接受的:他在纽约自杀了。

【例11】In the wake of his mother's death some thirty-six years later, Hemingway turned back to the adventure and tried to write a novel about it.

×在他母亲去世36年之后,海明威又想起了那次历险奇遇,并试图写一部小说。

【译文】大约36年过后,在他母亲去世后的不久海明威又想起了那次遭遇的险情,并试图就此写一部小说。

外语腔是初学翻译者不知不觉地会在汉语译文中表现出来的一种不当倾向。翻译时所要表达的内容来自外语原文,原文的词语和结构形式随着内容一起进入到我们的大脑,于是原文的语言形式被带入译文,造成了译文的外语腔。

【例12】The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.

×他对气候的唯一让步就是穿了一件白色的短餐衣。

【译文】气候变化,他仅稍稍作了一点变通,赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

【例13】If certain animal psychologists are right, a dog adopts his family in a most literal way -- taking it for granted that the family is the band of dogs he belongs to.

×假如某些动物心理学家的分析正确,狗在很大程度上代表着它的

家人-理所当然这一家也就属于狗帮了。

【译文】假如有些动物心理学家的分析正确,狗对于他所在家庭的认同是非常实际的--它理所当然地认为这一家人就是它所归属的一群狗。

现代西方著名翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida 在其理论著述中经常谈到读者反应的问题。他认为,翻译的服务对象是读者,要评判译文质量的优劣,必须看读者对译文的反应如何,同时必须把这种反应与原作读者对原文可能产生的反应进行对比,看两种反应是否基本一致。

除了忠实和流畅这两项基本标准之外,好的译文还必须保持原文的风格,包括民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。文艺作品的翻译尤其要求这样做。译者不能破坏或改变原文的风格,不能以译者的风格代替原作的风格。

II. 英汉翻译原理第二讲:什么是好的译文?(续)

【例14】There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.

【译文】他们之间既有对抗,又有合作。

【例15】He died, and was survived by wife and three children.

【译文】他死了,撇下了妻子和三个孩子。

【例16】Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.

【译文】司法部门如果对此不闻不问,那就是失职。

【例17】Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch.

【译文】他显然具备了垂钓者的首要品质,即以钓为乐,钓多钓少无所谓。

【例18】Nothing out of its place is good, nothing in its place is bad.

×身外之物无一是善,身内之物无一是恶。

【译文】凡事不当无一是好,凡事得当无一是坏。

【例19】Happiness is like manna; it is to be gathered and enjoyed every day.

×幸福似甘露,日日可享用。

【译文】幸福犹如甘露,要天天采集才能日日享用。

忠实原文是指译文与原文实质内容上的一致,而不是形式上的一致。译者由于对原文理解不深,不能透过原文的形式掌握其实质内容,仅见其形,未见其神,这样译出的文字形式上似乎与原文一致了,但与原文的意思却相去甚远。这便是犯了翻译上的形式主义。但是灵活出了格,过分强调译文的流畅,而不受原文意思的约束,闹了独立性,在原文的思想内容之外随意添枝加叶,这种译法称之为自由主义。

【例20】This was one of the secrets of his great popularity, but it was a popularity which was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled, and bubbled, and foamed for a while, only to recede, and be lost to its former possessor.

×这是他名噪一时的一个秘密,但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定:在短暂的时间内如日中天,盛极一时,炙手可热,但转瞬间又烟消云散,终于在原来有些声望的人身上消失了。

【译文】这是他名噪一时的一个秘密,但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定:一时间奔腾高涨,汹涌澎拜,转瞬间又一落千丈,终于在原来享有这种声望的人身上荡然无存。

佳译欣赏:

【例21】A thief is a thief.

【译文】贼性难改。

【例22】There was no snow, the leaves were gone, the grass was dead.

【译文】天未下雪,但叶落草枯。

【例23】Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters.

【译文】人世间,事不由己,变迁灾祸,难以逆料。

【例24】It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and

clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.

【译文】绿草萋萋,白云冉冉,彩蝶翩翩,这日子是如此清新;蜜蜂无言,春花不语,海波声歇,大地音寂,这日子是如此安静。然而并非安静,因为万物各以其独特的节奏,或动,或摇,或震,或起,或伏。

II、英汉翻译原理第三讲:怎样理解原文?

【例25】For some people hope dies slowly.

【译文】对有些人来说,希望不会轻易破灭。

【例26】In planning my drive to the airport, I will factor in a cushion: to allow for the unexpected, such as heavy traffic or a flat tire.

【译文】我在安排开车前往机场时,总会考虑留一点时间,以防路上遇到交通堵塞或者轮胎漏气等意外情况。

【例27】The blue in his fine eyes seemed to preclude his being a Syrian, but there was an encouraging curve in his nostrils.

【译文】看他那双蓝眼睛,他似乎不可能是叙利亚人,但看他鼻子的曲线,却又使人觉得他很有可能是的。

【例28】The pace was comfortable, so I decided to stay where I was.

【译文】我觉得这种步速跑起来轻松,所以我就决定保持这种速度。

【例29】He always lives ahead of his salary.

【译文】他总是不到发薪水的日子就把钱花完了。或:他的薪水总是不够花。

美国语言教学家Wilga M. Rivers 说过理解中要掌握三个层次的意义,即词语意义、语法或结构意义以及社会和文化意义(the three levels of meaning: lexical meaning, structural or grammatical

meaning, and social-cultural meaning)。

【例30】So that's how I became just another kid in school.

【译文】就这样,我成了学校里一名和其他孩子一样的普通孩子。

【例31】At first, they were being nice.

【译文】起初人们只是出于一时的好心。

【例32】John Major faces severe social and economic problems as well as tough debate over European integration, but his top priority will be to maintain the Tories' long lease on 10 Downing Street.

【译文】梅杰面临严重的社会和经济问题以及关于欧洲统一的艰苦辩论,但是他的当务之急将是维系保守党的长期执政。

德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss说:

Translating requires the syntactic, semantic, stylistic and text-pragmatic comprehension by the translator of the

original texts.(翻译过程要求译者在句法、语义、文体和语篇语用各方面对原文的进行理解。)

一、要理解原文语句的内部关系:

【例33】Go to hell! You report what I have done to the authorities.

×去你的吧!你去向领导汇报我对他们的不敬吧!

【译文】去你的吧!你去向领导汇报我的所作所为好啦!

【例34】He ate his savoury, and hurried the maid as she swept the crumbs.

×他一边吃着最后的一道消食小吃,一边催促女佣人赶快打扫碎屑。

【译文】他吃完最后的一道消食小吃,在女佣人打扫碎屑时,催她快一点。

【例35】Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he

spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking.

×德里克自以为是讨女人喜欢的人,可是为了讨我喜欢,他却花很多时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

【译文】德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人,可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

II、英汉翻译原理第三讲:怎样理解原文?(续)

二、要理解特殊语言现象的特殊含义:

【例36】John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.

【译文】约翰现在同父母一起住在纽约;他不在华盛顿当中学教师已有三年了。

【例37】She didn't attend the meeting because she wanted to.

【译文】她去开会并不是她自己想去。

【例38】As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.

【译文】作为居住之处,这里有许多不足之处。但作为新型飞机的秘密训练基地,却是非常理想的。它地处边陲,人们不易了解其中的活动。

【例39】The teacher didn't tell her students that in so many words, but obviously something about her attitude convinced them.

×老师没有用很多话把这种情况告诉学生,但她的某种态度显然使学生相信情况的确如此。

【译文】老师没有把这种情况对学生明说,但她的某种态度显然使学生相信情况的确如此。

【例40】If I am getting a free ride, how come I am so tired when I go home at the end of a shift?

英汉翻译 第二讲 课后作业

9月20日作业 第二讲课后作业 Translate the following English phrases or sentences into Chinese. 一、一词多义、词的搭配 1. Take off The new dictionary has really taken off.(这本新字典很受欢迎。) Take off your wet shirt.(把你的湿衬衫脱下来。) The doctor took off his wounded left leg.(医生给他受伤的左腿做了截肢手术。) They had to take off the show because of poor audience.(观众太少令他们不得不取消演出)You can take only one day off.(你只能休一天假。) The officer leading the inquiry has been taken off.(主持这项调查的官员已经被撤职。) 2. But his attack was always repulsed by a kick or a blow from a stick.(但是他的攻击总是被一针拳打脚踢击退) 二、词序 1.定语的位置 1)We must help them in every way possible (every possible way). (我们用尽一切可能的方法去帮助他们) 2)This is the only reference book available here. (这是这里唯一的一本可用的参考书) 3)They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible (他们正努力地以可能的最快速度提高产量). 4)This is the best solution imaginable. (这是能想到的最佳办法) 2. 状语的位置 1)A jeep, full, sped fast, drenching me in spray. (一辆全速疾驰的吉普车溅了我一身的水) 2)North American viewers watched the start of the royal procession without missing a single

翻译资料英语

FINANCIAL INNOV ATION Like other industries, the financial industry is in business to earn profits by selling its products. If a soap company perceives that there is a need in the marketplace for a laundry detergent with fabric softener, it develops a product to fit the need .Similarly, in order to maximize their profits, financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs as well as those of their customers; in other words, innovation-which can be extremely beneficial to the economy-is driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich. This view of the innovation process leads to the following simple analysis: A chance in the financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable. Starting in the 1960s, individuals and financial institutions operating in financial markets were confronted with drastic changes in the economic environment: Inflation and interest rates climbed sharply and became hard to predict, a situation that changed demand conditions in financial markets. Computer technology advanced rapidly, which changed supply conditions. In addition, financial regulations became especially inconvenient. Banking institution discovers many old ways of doing business being able to not have earned money again; they provide the masses finance with service and financial products sale neither well. Many financial intermediary is discovered they have no way to raise having arrived at a fund, but these self that will not a suspense of business right away with original tradition finance implement. For existing under new economy environment, research and development puts up banking institution be obliged to being able to satisfy customer need moreover the new product being able to gain a profit of and serving, this process is called financial engineering. In their case, necessity was the mother of innovation. Our discussion of why financial innovation occurs suggests that there are three basic types of financial innovations: Escapism to responding to needing condition change, to the small advantages supplying with condition change and to controlling. We have had one now understandable that banking institution is innovative for instance the cause institutions, let’s look at examples of how financial institutions in their search for profits have produced financial innovations of the three basic types. 1

初一英语寒假讲义第1讲

煜祥寒假班初一英语 第一讲name: 一单词、词组回顾 A写出下列词的反义词或对应词 1 first_______ 2 day_______ 3 lost_______ 4 interesting_______ 5 son_______ 6 uncle_______ 7 this_______ 8 breakfast_______ 9 these_______ 10 weekend_______ 11 question_______ 12 his_____ B英汉互译 13 做运动 ____________ 14 get to_______ 15为??而感谢 _______ 16在电视里看?? ____________ 17听起来很有趣 __________ 18在地板上 ____________ 19在某事上帮助某人 ________ 20 a photo of his family_______ 二基本句型及交际用语 A翻译下列句子 1 那些是我的朋友们。 _________________________________ 2 男孩们和女孩们在树底下。_________________________________ 3 吉姆每天在电视上观看篮球赛。_________________________________ 4我有 3 个足球, 4 个棒球和 2 个排球。 _________________________________ 5让我们吃萨拉吧! _________________________________ B情景交际 6 当你找不到你的书时,你应说:___________ A This is my book. B What ’s this? C Where’s my book? D where my book is? 7 当你向父母介绍朋友李蕾时,你应说:_________________ A He is Li Lei. B This is Li Lei. C It is Li Lei. D This ’s Li Lei. 三基本语法 A写出下列名词的复数形式 book--key--family--dictionary--watch— is--am--that--this--friend--class--photo—tomato--strawberry--child--sheep-- B用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Tom and I _____(be)brothers. 2.What ______(be) these?

英语翻译技巧选修课讲义

第一单元词语的翻译(1) 增词法 汉英两种语言在词法和句法结构方面存在着极大的差别。例如,英语中有词形变化,汉语中没有;英语中大量用连词、介词、关系代词等,而汉语中各成分往往通过内在的关系贯串在一起,不一定或很少使用连词和介词,也没有关系代词。所以,翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加,使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格,又能符合译入语的表达习惯,但是增词必须是根据具体情况增加非增加不可的词语。 汉译英中的增词 一、根据句法结构需要增词 1.增补主语 汉语里无主语的句子相当多,汉译英时常常要根据上下文的意思选择适当的代词或名词补做主语。增加什么样的主语则取决于上下文。 例1:不坚持就会失败。 One will fail unless —one perseveres. 例2:怕要下雨了。 I am afraid it is going to rain. 例3:又要马儿跑得快,又要马儿不吃草,简直可笑! You want the horse to run fast and yet you don’t 1et it graze.Isn’t it ridiculous! 2.增补非人称的或强调句中的it 英语中it除了指天气、时间等外,还常用来表示强调、代替不定式等。汉语中有许多表达方法,英译时需增补it。 例4:一天天冷起来了。 It is getting colder day by day. 例5:是我们采取有效措施的时候了。 It’s time we took effective measures. 例6:尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。 It’s better to try and fail than never try at a1l. 从以上例句可以看出汉英语言表达思想顺序的不同。如果一个句子里既有叙事部分,又有表态部分,在汉语里往往是叙事在前,表态在后。叙事部分比较长,表语部分一般都很短(如句中的“不容易”、“容易”、“好”)。在英语中则往往相反,表态在前,叙事在后。所以译文中要增补it作先行主语,以便把较短的表态部分放在前面。 下面两个例句中it起强调作用。 例7:我们费了很大力气才解决了那些问题。 It was with great effort that we solved those problems. 例8:我们这样做都是为了你好。 It was for your benefit that we did all that. 3. 增补作宾语的代词或先行宾语it 在汉语中,只要从上下文能正确理解,宾语常常可以省略,但在英语中凡及物动词都得有宾语,因此在英译时经常要增补宾语。 例9:我们认为理论与实践相结合是十分重要的。 We think it most important that theory should be combined with practice.

材料英语翻译

①化学这门科学在当今世界非常有用。 ②y对于x的依赖关系用y=f(x)来表示。 ③各种物质的导热能力差异很大③各种物质的导热能力差异很大。 ④这个参数可以准确地加以测量。 ⑤半导体的导电率随温度的变化而变化。 ⑥原子能的恰当名称是核能。 ⑦工程材料的性质依赖于(取决于)它们的成分、结构、合成、加工。 ⑧材料科学与工程这个术语将材料科学与材料工程结合在一起,材料科学在材料知识谱的基础知识端,材料工程在应用知识端,两者之间并没有分界线。 ⑨材料的许多性质强烈依赖于其结构,即使材料的成分保持不变。这就是为什么材料中结构-性质关系或者显微结构-性质关系至关重要。 ⑩上面的两个等式极为重要。 The two equations above are of great importance. 十一.金属棒热端的分子随着那里的温度的增加而振动得越来越快。 Molecules at the hot end of a metallic rod vibrate faster as the temperature there increases. 十二.通常这些参数中有一些是已知的。 Usually some of these parameters are known. 十三.当温度低于临界温度时,电子能自由地通过晶格运动。 As temperatures below the critical temperature, the electrons move freely throughout the lattice. 十四. A随温度的这种变化主要是由B的变化引起的。 This variation of A with temperature is due primarily to variations in B. 十五.这种复杂的关系必须用图解来表示。 This complicated relationship must be representedgraphically. 十六.原子间的键合作用部分取决于原子的价电子如何结合在一起。键的类型包括金属键、共价键、离子键、范德华键。 十七.键能与键的强度有关,特别是离子键和共价键结合的材料键能很高。高键能的材料常常具有高的熔点、高的弹性模量和低的热膨胀系数。 ③许多陶瓷材料中发现的离子键是当正电性的原子失去电子给负电性的原子,产生带正电的阳离子和带负电的阴离子而形成的。

英语翻译练习上课讲义

英语翻译练习

1. 我写此信的目的是向你解释我上次缺课的原因。 I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time. 2. 首先,我们要对网络持有有正确的态度。 First of all /Firstly/ To begin with/First/In the first place/Initially, we should take a proper attitude to/towards the Internet. 3. 如图所示,每周上网15个小时的中学生占了 60%。 As is shown in the graph/ As the graph shows, those who surf the net over 15 hours account for /make up/ 60 percent of all students. 4.另外,我口语流利,可以和外国朋友自由交流。 Besides/ In addition, I can speak fluent English and communicate with foreigners easily. 5. 大家普遍认为网络在信息社会越来越重要。 It’s generally accepted that the Internet is playing an increasingly important part/role in our information society. 6. 网络能提供国内外各种各样的信息,这有助于我们更好地了解世界。 The internet can provide all kinds of latest information both at home and abroad, which helps us understand the world better. 7. 学校应该开放图书馆、实验室,方便学生使用这些资源。 The school library, labs and computer rooms should be opened, so that the students can have easy access to the resources. 8. 一旦人迷上了一种爱好,其兴趣会持续一生。可见培养良好的兴趣是多么重要! Once one really becomes absorbed in a hobby, his or her interest may last a life time. So developing good hobbies is of vital importance. 9. 众所周知,如今适应社会是一项基本技能。 It’s known to us all that adapting to society is a basic social skill nowadays. As is known to us all, adapting --- 10. 根据最新的调查,中学生每周上网的时间达到了15个小时。 According to a recent survey, middle-school students spend up to 15 hours a week on the net. 11.希望感兴趣的同学能积极参与这项活动。 Those who are interested in the activity are expected to take an active part in it. 12. 我不仅能当导游,还能当翻译。我一定能成为一个出色的志愿者。 I can not only act as a guide, but also as an interpreter. I’m sure I can be an excellent volunteer. 13. 除了这些传统的活动外,还有旅游、访友等其他活动。 In addition to/Besides/Apart from these traditional activities, we have wider choices, such as travelling and visiting our relatives. 14. 我认为每个学生都申请清华、北大是不明智的。因为这两所名校每年录取的学生有限。 I don’t think it (is) wise for every student to apply for Tsinghua University and Beijing University because the number of students (who are) admitted to the two famous universities is limited every year. 15.然而,大多数学生反对网上交友。 However, the majority of the students are against the idea of making friends online.

商务英汉翻译讲义

1. 转换法--转译成动词 1.1 名词转换成动词(练习1) 1.2 形容词转换成动词(练习2) 1.3 副词转换成动词(练习3) 1.4 介词转换成动词(练习4) 2. 转换法--转译成名词 2.1 动词转译成名词(练习5) 2.2 形容词转译成名词(练习6) 2.3 代词转换成名词(练习7) 2.4 副词转换成名词(练习7) 3. 增词法 3.1 补充原文中的省略部分(练习1) 3.2为了语法上的需要而增词(练习2) 3.3为了表达和意义上的需要(练习3) 4. 减词法 4.1 从语法角度进行减省(练习1) 4.2 从修饰角度进行减省(练习2) 商务英汉翻译讲义之词类转译法 目录 1. 转译成动词 1.1 名词转换成动词(练习1) 1.2 形容词转换成动词(练习2) 1.3 副词转换成动词(练习3) 1.4 介词转换成动词(练习4) 2. 转译成名词 2.1 动词转译成名词(练习5) 2.2 形容词转译成名词(练习6) 2.3 代词转换成名词 2.4 副词转换成名词(练习7) 词类转译 英汉两种语言存在着巨大的差异,语言结构与表达形式方面各有其自身的特点。因此,要使译文既忠实于原义又顺畅可读,就不能局限于逐词对等翻译,必须采用适当的词性转译、句子成分转译及句型转译等翻译技巧,在本单元我们主要讲解翻译中词性的转译。 在一定程度上,词的形态及形式变化是否过于繁复多变决定了词性优势。英语动词形态变化繁复而稳定,这就使英语动词的使用受形态的牵制,而名词就没有这个问题,因此名词在英语中占优势,名词的优势导致了介词的伴随优势。汉语词性没有形态变化问题,而动词与名词作比较时,动词的动态感强、动势强,名词则较为凝滞,所以在汉语中动词非常活跃,一个句子不限于只用一个动词,可以连续使用几个动词,即所谓“动词连用”,因此英译汉时名词转译成动词的情况常普遍。现

翻译资料

False friend 绿豆green bean mung bean 方便面convenience noodles instant noodles 隐形眼镜invisible glasses contact lens 早恋early love puppy love 机械对应 干货dry goods dried goods 油性皮肤oil skin oily skin 没有考虑具体搭配 假花false flower artificial flower 假唱false singing lip-synch 番茄酱tomato sauce ketchup 食言eat one's word break a promise 农民peasant 个人主义individualism 五行 金、木、水、火、土 The Five Elements (metal,wood,water,fire and earth, held by the ancients to compose the physical universe and later used in traditional Chinese medicine to explain various physiological and pathological phenomena) 气功qigong 功夫Kong fu 太极Tai chi 风水Feng shui 阴阳Yin-yang 饺子jiaozi 荔枝litchi乌龙茶oolong 皮蛋Preserved egg 元宵Sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 粽子A pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. 盲流Jobless migrants 拔火罐Cupping 拜堂perform the marriage ceremony 易经Book of change号脉Feel the pulse京剧Beijing Opera龙舟Dragon boat 春节Spring Festival 春卷Spring roll 八宝莲子粥Eight-treasure Lotus Seed Porridge 文化大革命Cultural Revolution 毛泽东思想Mao Tse-tung thought 围棋Weiqi—a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses 兔死狐悲 Literal trans: Foxes will grieve at the death of the hare Liberal trans: All things are sorry for their own kind 调虎离山 To lure the tiger out of the hills To lure the enemy from his base “我中了他的调虎离山计啦” I’ve fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme. 引狼入室 Literal: To bring the wolves into the house Liberal: to invite disasters 走马观花 To ride out on horseback to enjoy flowers To gain a superficial understanding through cursory obvservation 调查有两种方法,一种是走马观花,一种是下马看花。

郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章 翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】

第5章翻译常用的八种技巧 5.1 重译法 一、英译汉 1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪,但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。 2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution. 【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中,有两点是非常突出的,而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。 3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges. 【译文】运河是交通的动脉,开运河不是为了走游艇,而是为了通行驳船。 4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’. 【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者,当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。

5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因:第一个原因是向西部的扩展,第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。 6. …for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges. These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming. 【译文】……以便建立农业和工业学院。这些学校一方面是教育机关,另一方面,也是农业科学的研究中心。 7. …This is nothing li ke back home in Colorado. We have rains there, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer... 【译文】……这跟家乡科罗拉多的情况迥然不同。科罗拉多也下雨。春夏两季雷雨交加……【解析】原文第二句用there代替in Colorado,而译文重复“科罗拉多”。 8. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 【译文】全世界在注视着。全世界在倾听着。全世界在等待着看我们将做些什么。 9. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people.

英语翻译讲义

第八节正反译法 一英语为肯定式,汉语译作否定式 1. The first bombs missed the target. 2. Predictably, it was Mike who released the secret to Mary. 3. The explanation is pretty thin. 4. It was beyon d his ability to undertake this task. 5. Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst. 6. The general would rather fight to death before he surrendered. 7. Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity. 8. Don’t lose time in cleaning this machine. 9. I dropped medicine and took up physics. 10. He failed to set a good example for his kids. 二英语为否定式,汉语译作肯定式 1. He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. 2. He was an indecisive sort of person. 3. The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer. 4. Don’t lose the opportunities to practice English. 5. Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter. 6. The washroom is at the next corner,you can't miss it. 三同一词语,既可译作肯定式,又可译作否定式 1. The machine is far from being complicated. 2. She is anything but a bright student. 3. The square is no distance at all. 翻译实践: 1. She was at a loss to know what to do.

第二讲 翻译定义标准语义翻译

第二讲:翻译的定义及标准、语义翻译(2) 一.什么是翻译? ---翻译是一门艺术,是语言艺术的再创作。如果把写作比成自由舞蹈,翻译就是带着手铐脚镣在跳舞,而且还要跳得优美。 ---翻译是技能,再现原文信息时,为避免信息的损失,力戒欠额翻译(undertranslation)和过载翻译(overtranslation),译者要采用增词,减词,引申,并句和分句等技巧。 ---翻译是在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现源语的信息,首先是意义对等,其次是文体对等。 二.翻译的教学标准 《高等学校英语专业高年级英语教学大纲》规定,英汉翻译的评估项目标为: A.忠实:“原文信息全部传达,语气和文体风格与原文相一致”60% B.通顺:“断句恰当,句式正确,选词妥贴”40% 三.翻译技巧(2): 语义翻译(2)---翻译时应当注意词义的褒贬。 翻译时,必须正确理解原作者的基本立场和观点,然后选用适当的语言手段译出。原文中词语的褒贬意义,要根据上下文恰如其分地表达出来,即使有些词语孤立起来看似乎是中性的。Eg. As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication. She is a demanding teacher, yet she’s very kind to her students. John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 四.翻译练习(2) I. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the choice of words. 1.She is fidgety and restless. 2.All the inventors have a restless mind. 3.They incited him to go into further investigation. 4.The plotters incited the soldiers to rise against their officers. 5.The general has the reputation of being courageous. 6.He was an honest man, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. II. Improve the following translations based on the principle of faithfulness and fluency. 1.I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man. 我拜读过你的文章,我期望可以找到一个年纪稍长的人。 2.They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们跑得像他们的腿所能载动他们那样的快。 3.I will go and attend the reception, if only to make some new friends. 我将去参加招待会,但只是为了交些新朋友。 4.When she and he met again, each had been married to another. 当再次相见时,每个人都结婚了。

英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)

例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating(操纵) others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间,精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪,虚假 6 .1 斤斤于字比句次,措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever(完全,全然). If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室,正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野;这方面一放松就倒退了几百年,实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃,(eat out of a can)开个罐头端着吃,站着吃;反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全,全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 .2 结构松散,表达过于口语化 例3.有一次,在拥挤的车厢门口,我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客:“您下车吗?”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗?”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了,放大声问:“下车吗?”,那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子,还是哑巴?”他急了,捅了一下那女乘客,也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了,瞪起一双眼睛,回手给了男乘客一拳。(庄绎传,英汉翻译教程,1999 :练习 3 ) 译文1:Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no

英语翻译复习资料

英语翻译与写作复习资料一、短语翻译(Phrase Translation):英译中,15题,共15分。 . subject to…参照….,按照…. . to arrange an interview at your convenience:在您方便的时候安排面试 . win the bidding中标 . to merit serious consideration: 值得认真考虑 . submission of tender 投标 . in one’s estimation / judgment/ opinion/view据某人的判断/评价/意见/看法 . constructive proposal建设性意见 . I was interested to see your advertisement in … and …我对你们在…上所登的广告甚感兴趣,并…… . pay attention to…对….引起注意 . tentative itinerary暂定行程 . large order大批订单 . give further details提供进一步的详细资料 . to conduct an inquiry调查 . I could not be more satisfied if you can kindly...如果你能…我将会非常满意。 .I am most reluctant to complain, but...我非常不愿意投诉,但… . be dissatisfied with…对…表示不满 be unable to keep the promise to…未能遵照承诺… . would you please forgive me for…可否请你原谅我… . give …great pleasure/ honor to…使某人感到非常荣幸 .have an opening for …有一个…空缺 . mutually beneficial cooperation双方互利的合作 .I understand from Mr. … one of your suppliers, that there is an opening in your company for … 我由…先生,系你们的供应商之一,得知贵公司有一…空缺 . to point out指出 .prior engagement先前的约定 . make for动身前往 . letter of authorization授权书 二、句子翻译(Sentence Translation):英译中,10题,共20分。 . Our proposal has got the board’s initial approval.我们的建议得到了董事会的初步批准。 . Public relations girl at Guangzhou Holiday Inn.Full-time in summers, part-time during school. 在广州文化假日酒店当公关小姐。暑期全职,上课时兼职。 .Please extend my wishes of good luck to your family.请代我祝福你的家人好运。 .This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.本合同签字生效 . This is an area that needs to be addressed in the near future.这是一个需要在不久的将来要处理的区域。 . I should like to know exactly what action has been taken.我想确切的知道已经采取什么行动。. I strongly hope that the next year will promise a brighter prospect for our company. 我衷心祝愿我们公司来年取得更加辉煌的成就。 .We regret our inability to accept your claim because the cases, when being loaded, left nothing to be desired. 很遗憾我们不能接受你的要求,因为在超载情况下,,就没有什么可期望的了。 .All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China. ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖 .Please feel free to contact me if you need further information.如果需要更多信息请随时与我联系 .I would have applied to you for a position some time ago, if you had a vacancy. 我本来前一段时间应用到你的位置,如果你有一个空缺。 .Your assistance on my recent trip was much appreciated. Without your advice and guidance I couldn’t possibly have achieved as much as I was able to in so short a period of time. 你对我这次援助是大加赞赏。没有你们的建议和指导,我不可能在这么短的一段时间取得了我最大的成就。 . A position in management training programs with the eventual goal of participating in the management rank of marketing. 管理培训计划方面的职位,最终目标是参与市场管理层 .The job looks very challenging, but because of the thorough training I received at USC, together with your own informal coaching, I’m confident I can handle it. 这项工作看起来非常具有挑战性的,但因为我在南加州大学获得,用自己的正规的教练一起全面培训,我相信我能应付自如。 .We would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda. 恳请您尽快予以答复,以便我们做出安排。 . Have the kindness to take note of our signatures at foot.请注意我们下列签名。 .We enclose our list of prices and terms, and would ask you to kindly note the signatures at foot.兹附上价目表及交易条款,并请注意下面的签名。 . All of my professional experience has been in manufacturing organizations. 我所有的专业经验,都是在制造企业领域的。 . Our proposa l has got the board’s initial approval.我们的计划已经得到了董事会的初步通过。 . An entry-level position in sales. Eventual goal: manager of marketing department. 一个入门级销售的定位。最终目标:销售部门的经理。 . All my colleagues found me responsible and innovative. 我的同事们都认为我是一个极其负责任并有创新精神的人。 三、段落翻译(Paragraph Translation ):英

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