test9
Test for Unit 9
Test for Unit 9(时间120分钟，满分120分)听力部分(20分)Ⅰ.听句子，选择最佳应答语。
(5分)()1.A.Sure，I'd love to.B．No，thanks.C．Yes，I do. ()2.A.I visited my friend. B．Sorry，I won't. C．I'm not sure. ()3.A.Sorry.Maybe another time.B．Yes，that's right. C．Where is it?()4.A.8 a．m. B．Tuesday the 2nd. C．In May.()5.A.He does. B．He will. C．He is.Ⅱ.听对话，选择最佳答案。
(5分)()6.When will David come back?A．Today. B．Tomorrow.C．The day after tomorrow.()7.Why can't Jack go to play basketball?A．He is tired. B．He is busy. C．He is lazy.()8.What didn't Jeff do yesterday?A．He didn't go to Linda's party.B．He didn't watch a movie.C．He didn't watch TV.()9.What did Alice do yesterday morning?A．She listened to music at home.B．She did her homework at school.C．She stayed with her friends.()10.What sport will they play this afternoon?A．Pingpong. B．Tennis. C．Soccer.Ⅲ.听长对话，选择正确答案。
可粘贴复制word版本的 剑桥雅思 9 Test
LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-5Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 6-10Complete the table below.Write ONE WORK AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-13Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Winridge Forest Railway Park11Simon’s idea for a theme park came fromA his childhood hobby.B his interest in landscape design.C his visit to another park.12 When they started, the family decided to open the park only whenA the weather was expected to be good.B the children weren’t at school.C there were fewer farming commitments.13 Since opening, the park has hadA 50,000 visitors.B 1,000,000 visitors.C 1,500,000 visitors.Questions 14-18What is currently the main area of work of each of the following people? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 14-18.People14 Simon (the speaker) _______15 Liz _______16 Sarah _______17 Duncan _______18 Judith _______Questions 19 and 20Complete the table below.Write ONE WORK AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer.SECTION 3 Question 21-30Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Study Skills Tutorial-Caroline Benning Dissertation topic: the 21______Strengths: ●22______● computer modelingWeaknesses: ● lack of background information● poor 23 ______ skillsRecommendations: ● use a card index● Read all notes 29 ______Next tutorial date: 30 ______ JanuarySECTION 4 Questions 31-40Questions 31 and 32Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.31 The owners of the underground houseA had no experience of living in a rural area.B were interested in environmental issues.C wanted a professional project manager.32 What does the speaker say about the site of the house?A The land was quite cheap.B Stone was being extracted nearby.C It was in a completely unspoilt area.Questions 33-40Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.The Underground HouseDesignBuilt in the earth, with two floorsThe south-facing side was constructed of two layers of 33______ Photovoltaic tiles were attachedA layer of foam was used to improve the 34 ______ of the building Special featuresTo increase the light, the building has many internal mirrors and 35 ______In future, the house may produce more 36 ______ than it needsRecycled wood was used for the 37 ______ of the houseThe system for processing domestic 38 ______ is organic Environmental issuesThe use of large quantities of 39 ______ in construction wasenvironmentally harmfulBut the house will have paid its ‘environmental debt’ within 40 ______READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Attitudes to languageIt is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study. Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic. Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education.Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticized. No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival. As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked.In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community. The view is propounded especially in relation to grammar and vocabulary, and frequently with reference to pronunciation. The variety which is favoured, in this account, is usually a version of the ‘standard’ written language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken language which most closely reflects this style. Adherents to this variety are said to speak or writ e ‘correctly’; deviations from it are said to be ‘incorrect’.All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries. The aims of these early grammarians were threefold: (a) they wanted to codify the principles of their languages, to show that there was a system beneath the apparent chaos of usage, (b) they wanted a means of settling disputes over usage, and (c) they wanted to point out what they felt to be common errors, in order to ‘improve’ the language. The authoritarian nature of theapproach is best characterized by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar. Some usages are ‘prescribed’, to be learnt and followed accurately; others are ‘proscribed’, to be avoided. In this ea rly period, there were no half-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammarian not simply to record alternatives, but to pronounce judgement upon them.These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained. Nevertheless, there is an alternative point of view that is concerned less with standards than with the facts of linguistic usage. This approach is summarized in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe-to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change. In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’. Linguistic issue, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis.In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other. Descriptive grammarians have been presented as people who do not care about standards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid. Prescriptive grammarians have been presented as blind adherents to a historical tradition. The opposition has even been presented in quasi-political terms — of radical liberalism vs elitist conservatism.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1 There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language.2 People feel more strongly about language education than about smalldifferences in language usage.3Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way he or she uses language.4 Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th century.5 Prescriptivism still exists today.6 According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change.7 Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th century.8 Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented. Questions 9-12Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet.The language debateAccording to 9______, there is only one correct form of language. Linguists who take this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 ______.Conversely, the view of 11 ______, such as Joseph Priestly, is that grammar should be based on 12 ______.Question 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet.What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 1?A.to argue in favour of a particular approach to writing dictionaries andgrammar booksB.to present a historical account of differing views of languageC.to describe the differences between spoken and written languageD.to show how a certain view of language has been discreditedREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Tidal PowerUndersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the futureA.Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in seaturbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the PROSPECT of Britainbecoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide, wind and wave power are alldeveloped, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.B.Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth ormore of the UK’s power-and at prices competitive with modern gasturbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry.One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainlandScotland, could produce 10% of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islandsthree times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and new estnuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Other sites identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.C.Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are will advanceat the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group.The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devonshortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by thedepartment of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: ‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in theNorth Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a fewtechnical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.’ Southampton has been awarded ￡215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there arestrong tidal currents.D. A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of windgenerator to produce three times as much power. The blades will beabout 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required.Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be environmental objections.Fish and other creatures are though unlikely to be at risk from therelatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwatercables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warnshipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water formaintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.E.Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there arepowerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cableunder the Channel.F.One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind aturning blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: ‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.’Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 the location of the first test site15 a way of bringing the power produced on one site back into Britain16 a reference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternativesource of energy17 mention of the possibility of applying technology from anotherindustryQuestions 18-22Choose FIVE letters, A-J.Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.Which FIVE of the following claims about tidal power are made by the writer?Questions 23-26Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.An Undersea TurbineWhole tower can be raised for 23 ______ and the extraction of seaweed from the bladesSea life not in danger due to the fact that blades are comparatively 24______Air bubbles result from the 25 ______ behind blades. This is known as 26______READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Information theory-the big ideaInformation theory lies at the heart of everything-from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most fundamental. It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our livesA.In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the manyapplications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I,Launched in 1997, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter andSaturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. After 25 years of exposure to the freezing temperatures of deep space, the probe was beginning to show its age. Sensors andcircuits were on the brink of failing and NASA expers realized thatthey had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever. The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts. With the probe 12 billion kilometers from Earth, this was not an easy task. By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space. Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, incredibly, the little probe managed to hear the faint call from its home planet, and successfully made the switchover.B.It was the longest-distance repair job in history, and a triumph forthe NASA engineers. But it also highlighted the astonishing power of the techniqu4es developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just a year earlier. Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for buildinggadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foundations of computertechnology when still a student. While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but shunned the resulting acclaim. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, fromDVDs to satellite communications to bar codes-any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately.C.This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannonoriginally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-oldgraduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise mean ing of the concept of ‘information’. The mostbasic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true of false —which can be captured in the binary unit, or ‘bit’, ofthe form 1 or 0. Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how totransmit it from place to place. In the process he discovered something surprising: it is always possible to guarantee information will getthrough random interference —‘noise’— intact.D.Noise usually means unwanted sounds which interfere with genuineinformation. Information theory generalizes this idea via theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise sets a limit on the rate at which information can pass along communication channels while remaining error-free. This rate depends on the relative strengths of the signal and noisetravelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its‘bandwidth’). The resulting limi t, given in units of bits per second, is the absolute maximum rate of error-free communication given singal strength and noise leve. The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packaging up —‘coding’— information to cope with the ravages ofnoise, while staying within the information-carrying capacity —‘bandwidth’— of the communication system being used.E.Over the years scientists have devised many such coding methods, andthey have proved crucial in many technological feat. The Voyagerspacecraft transmitted data using codes which added one extra bit forevery single bit of information; the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10,000-and stunningly clear pictures of the planets. Other codes have become part of everyday life-such as the Universal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple error-detecting system thatensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps. As recently as 1993, engineers made a majorbreakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes-which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can betransmitted reliable, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.F.Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storinginformati on, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’) bits fromdata which contributed little real information. As mobile phone text messages like ‘I CN C U’ show, it is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning. As with error correcting,however, there’s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous.Shannon showed how to calculate this limit, opening the way to thedesign of compression methods that cram maximum information into the minimum space.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.27 an explanation of the factors affecting the transmission of information28 an example of how unnecessary information can be omitted29 a reference to Shannon’s attitude to fame30 details of a machine capable of interpreting incomplete information31 a detailed account of an incident involving information theory32 a reference to what Shannon initially intended to achieve in his researchQuestions 33-37Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS form the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.The Voyager 1 Space ProbeThe probe transmitted pictures of both 33______ and ______, then left the 34 ______.The freezing temperatures were found to have a negative effect on parts of the space probe.Scientists feared that both the 35 ______ and ______ were about to stop working.The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with 36 ______ —but distance made communication with the probe difficult.A 37 ______ was used to transmit the message at the speed of light.The message was picked up by the probe and the switchover took place. Questions 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading PassGE 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this38 The concept of describing something as true or false was thestarting point for Shannon in his attempts to send message overdistances.39 The amount of information that can be sent in a given time period isdetermined with reference to the signal strength and noise level.40 Products have now been developed which can convey more informationthan Shannon had anticipated as possible.WRITINGWRITING TASK1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Write at least 150 words.WRITING TASK2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are requires.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Give reasons for you answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.SPEAKINGPART 1The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.EXAMPLETelephoningHow often do you make telephone calls? [Why/Why not?]Who do you spend most time talking to on the telephone?[Why?]When do you think you’ll next make a telephone call?[Why?]Do you sometimes prefer to send a text message instead of telephoning?[Why/Why not?]PART 2Describe a journey [. by car, plane, boat] that you remember well.You should say:where you wenthow you travelledwhy you went on the journeyand explain why you remember this journey well.topic for one to two minutes.You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.You can make some notes to help you if you wish.PART 3Discussion topics:Reasons for daily travelExample questions:Why do people need to travel every day?What problems can people have when they are on their daily journey, for example to work or school? Why is this?Some people say that daily journeys like these will not be so common in the future. Do you agree or disagree? Why?Benefits of international travelExample questions:What do you think people can learn from travelling to other countries? Why? Can travel make a positive difference to the economy of a country? How?Do you think a society can benefit if its members have experience of travelling to other countries? In what ways?。
CET4 模拟测试题9 Model Test9
Model Test N i n ePart I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two ways to learn about other countries: one is to travel abroad and the other to obtain the information online. You are to make a choice. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Because the storm had cut power to them.B)Because the roads to them had been flooded.C)Because there might be mud slides.D)Because there might be tsunami.2.A) It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon.B)It has caused over 300 traffic deaths.C)It is the strongest one in years.D)It will be at its strongest on Saturday afternoon.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) A car crash. B) A bushfire. C) A burglary. D) A terrorist attack.4.A) More than 15 homes had moved our.B)More than 50 homes had joined the fight.C)They had not had the fire under control yet.D)They had found a way to put out the fire.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.B)They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.C)They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.D)They are no longer needed as a photo spot.6.A) It is the most visited monument in the world.B)It is totally free of charge for visiting.C)The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.D)The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.7.A) Less visitor entrances. C) Ornamental lights.B)More security guards. D) Better elevators.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He played tennis for his high school team.B)He played football for his high school team.C)He played tennis starting from his junior year.D)He played tennis starting from his senior year.9.A) Tennis. B) Basketball. C) Golf. D) Volleyball.10.A) Because he has a lot in common with the woman.B)Because he thinks the woman is a good player.C)Because his team lacks girl players.D)Because his team can learn a lot from the woman.11.A) Join the man to watch a match. B) Visit a new stadium with the man.C) Watch the man play in a match. D) Join the man to play in a match. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) An interview between a customer and a shopping a ssistant.B)An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.C)A conversation between two working staff about the airport’s future improvement.D)A conversation between an air-hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.13.A) Because many people want to stay in shape.B)Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.C)Because many people are tired after long flights.D)Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.14.A) Seasonal ones. B) Fresh ones. C) Local ones. D) Juicy ones.15.A) Disappointing. B) Satisfying. C) Outdated. D) Lovely.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) Because the planets are the same size as Earth.B)Because the planets are similar in many aspects to Earth.C)Because the planets are capable of supporting life.D)Because the planets have water on their surface.17.A) They are rocky planets . B) They are gaseous like Jupiter.C) They are covered by water. D) They are covered by sea ice.18.A) Because it has the right temperature and enough greenhouse gases.B)Because it has the right amount of water and enough greenhouse gases.C)Because it has the right atmosphere and enough greenhouse gases.D)Because it has the right gravity and enough greenhouse gases.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) They should be widely used in the field of social services.B)They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.C)They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.D)They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.20.A) They will surely face massive unemployment.B)They will need less income tax to spend.C)They will have less income tax to spend.D)They will have no need to cope with the changes.21.A) Psychologists. C) Room cleaners.B) Police officers. D) Doctors.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.B)People who sleep late are always late for their jobs.C)People who sleep late are easily irritated.D)People who sleep hate are slow and ineffective in their jobs.23.A) You will feel exhausted all day long. B) You can’t justify your lateness.C) You will be late for your work. D) You can’t find persuasive excuses.I) flexibility J) identical K) informed L) likely M) mistake N) selectively O) shapingA) betterB) competitivelyC) contraryD) curiosityE) evidenceF) explainedG) facilityH) fact24. A) Because they can fully enjoy themselves late at night.B) Because they can fully concentrate their attention late at night.C) Because they can read the most fascinating book late at night.D) Because they can make rapid progress in mentality late at night.25. A) Group intelligence tests. C) Deductive reasoning tests.B) Emotional intelligence tests. D) Inductive reasoning tests.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ask a left-wing Briton what they believe about the safety of nuclear power, and you can guess their answer. Ask a right-wing American about the risks posed by climate change, and you can also make a 26 guess than if you didn’t know their politic al affiliation. Issues like these feel like they should be 27 by science, not our political tribes, but sadly, that’s not what happens.Psychology has long shown that education and intelligence won’t stop your politics from 28 your broader worldview, even if those beliefs do not match the hard evidence. Instead ,your ability to weigh up the facts may depend on a less well-recognised trait- 29 .There is now a mountain of 30 to show that politics doesn’t just help predict people’s views on some scientific issues; it also affects how they interpret new information. This is why it is a 31 to think that you can somehow “ correct” people’s views on an issue by giving th em more facts, since study after study has shown that people have a tendency to 32 reject facts that don’t fit with their existing views.But smarter people shouldn’t be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions, right? Wrong. Other research shows that people with the most education, highest mathematical abilities, and the strongest tendencies to be reflective about their beliefs are the most 33 to resist information which should contradict their prejudices . This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of too much gut instinct and not enough deep thought. Rather, people who have the 34 for deeper thought about an issue can use those cognitive powers to justify what they already believe and find reasons to dismiss apparently_ 35 evidence.Section BHow to Fix the Internet[A] We have to fix the internet. After 40 years, it has begun to corrode, both itself and us . It is still a marvelous and miraculous invention, but now there are bugs in the foundation, bats in the belfry, and trolls in the basement.[B] I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the interne for rewiring our brains to give us the nervous attention span of Donald Trump on Twitter or pontificating about how we have to log off and smell the flowers. Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory (演讲术) .I love the interne and all of its digital offshoots. What I feel sad for is its decline.[C]There is a bug in its original design that at first seemed like a feature but has gradually, and now rapidly, been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with the address of their destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched network, you can track or trace back the origins of the information, but that’s not true with the packet-switched design of the internet.[D]Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the inventors of the early browsers created for the World Wide Web. It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earth’s computers to be webbed together and navigated through hyperlinks. But the links were one-way. You knew where the links took you . But if you had a webpage or pi ece of content, you didn’t exactly know who was linking to you or coming to use your content.[E]All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go to a webpage anonymously. Consume content anonymously. With a little effort, send email anonymously . And if you figured out a way to get into someone’s servers or databases, you could do it anonymously.[F]For years, the benefits of anonymity on the net outweighed its drawbacks. People felt more free to express themselves, which was especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding a personal secret. This was celebrated in the famous 1993 New Yorker cart oon, “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”[G]Now the problem is nobody can tell if you’re a troll. Or a hacker . Or a bot .Or a Macedonian (马其顿的) teenager publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump . This has poisoned civil discourse, enabled hacking, permitted cyberbullying , and made email a risk.[H]The lack of secure identification and authentication ( 身份认证) inherent in the internet’s genetic code had also prevented easy transactions, obstructed financial inclusion, destroyed the business models of content creators, unleashed the overflow of spam ( 垃圾邮件) ，and forced us to use passwords and two-factor authentication schemes that would have confused Houdini. The trillions being spent and the IQ points of computer science talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag, rather that a spur, to productivity in some sectors.[I]It Pla to’s Republic, we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges. Put it on , and you’re invisible and anonymous. The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral. He thinks not, The internet has proven him correct. The web is no longer a place of community, no longer a marketplace. Every day more sites are eliminating comments sections.[J]If we could start from scratch, here’s what I think we would do：Greate a system that enables content producers to negotiate with aggregators ( 整合者) and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is used, like ASCAP has negotiated for public performances and radio airings of its members’ works. Embed (嵌入) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small payments for songs, blogs, articles , and whatever other digital content is for sale. Encode emails with an authenticated return or originating address. Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible, such as in the hardware or in the programming language, instead of leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into every line of code they write. Build chips and machines that update the notion of an internet packet. For those who want, their packets could be encoded or tagged with metadata ( 元数据) that describe what they contain and give the rules for how it can be used.[K]M ost internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from Vint Cerf, the original TCP/IP coauthor, to Milo Medin of Google, to Howard Shrobe, the director of cybersecurity at MIT. “We don’t need to live in cyber hell,”Shrobe has argued. Implementing them is less a matter of technology than of cost and social will .Some people, understandably, will resist any reduction of anonymity, which they sometimes label privacy.[L]S o the best approach, I think, would be to try to create a voluntary system, for those who want to use it, to have verified identification and authentication. People would not be forced to use such a system. If they wanted to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us who choose, at times, not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as well. That’s the way it works in the real world.[M]T he benefits would be many. Easy and secure ways to deal with your finances and medical records. Small payment systems that could reward valued content rather than the current incentive to concentrate on clickbait for advertising. Less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying, trolling, and spewing of anonymous hate . And the possibility of a more civil discourse.36.The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many things online anonymously.37.Although anonymity can make people conceal their identity online, now it has poisoned their online life.38.To adopt the voluntary system would be advantageous to our online life in a number of aspects.39.There are several ways to reduce anonymity if we can rebuild the internet from the very beginning.40.The author suggested inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they wish.41.The author thinks the internet should be fixed not because he is afraid of new technologies but becauseproblems arise in it.42.Pubic opposition could become one of the biggest obstacles to carrying out the reforms.43.The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato has been shown on the internet.44.People used to think that anonymity online did more good than harm.45.It is the design of the internet that makes it impossible to find out where the information comes from. Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide. Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected and update one another.In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating various topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient.While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators ( 捕食者) , allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to e working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft.“The more social media we have, the more we think we’re connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other.”In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong.46.According to the first paragraph, .A)both online and offline social media have developed quicklyB)social medial sites are always being attackedC)the effects of social medial were welcomed in the beginningD)the most crazy fans of social medial are the youth47.What is young people’s purpose in adopting the platform offered by social media sites?A. To improve their academic performance.B)To lay the foundation for their future careers.C)To practice their debate skills.D)To change their way of living.48.What does the author mainly imply about the disadvantages of social networking?A)Increasing the prevalence of oral errors. B) Putting minors in danger.C) Spreading falsehoods and rumors. D) Leaki ng users’ personal information.49.The author’s attitude towards social media is .A)objective B) positive C) negative D) impassive50.What’s the main topic of this passage?A)The introduction of online social media history.B)The research on online social media.C)The influence of online social media on the youth.D)The correct way to use online social media.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Cutting toxic levels of city air pollution to safer levels is simple, but not easy-it requires resolve. Yet, despite the key culprit (罪犯) in the UK being well known-diesel (柴油机的) vehicles-the government has been asleep at the wheel for years.Levels of nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮) have been illegally high across much of the UK since 2010. In 2015 86% of major urban areas broke annual limits. Cutting this pollution means choking off diesel emissions and there is a wide range of effective measures available.Creating zones in city centres where polluting care are either banned or charged is important, while making cities safe for cycling cuts traffic too.Cleaner buses and taxis have an important role to play and change to the perverse taxes that encourage people to buy diesel over cleaner cars is needed. There is also some support for a revival of a scrappage scheme which saw dirty old bangers taken off the road.The environment and transport departments were well aware of all this and proposed many of these measures internally, only for the Treasury to reject most of them, arguing they “ would be political ly very difficult, especially given the impacts on motorists.”Motorists happen to be particularly badly exposed to air pollution, but the real political difficulty for the government is two humiliating legal defeats in two years where judges ruled its air pollution plans were so bad they were illegal.Ministers have now been forced to come up with a third plan, but clean air zones and car tax changes take time to clean up the air. Yet the UK government is also in the slow lane when it comes to emergency measures.When foul air descended on Paris in December, officials there swung into action. Public transport was made free and the number of cars allowed on roads was restricted, alternately barring those with odd and even licence plates. In the UK, during the same December smog, the government sent a few tweets.At the root of the problem are diesel cars, which successive governments across Europe have utterly failed to ensure meet legal emissions limits when driving in real-world conditions on the road. The gaming of regulatory tests by carmakers was blown open by the Volkswagen scandal. The scandal of governments prioritising supposed driver freedom over the lungs and health of their citizens is only now playing out.51.What does the author think of fixing air pollution in the first paragraph？A)It is a piece of cake. B) It needs political will.C) It is the main problem. D) It has a lone way to go.52.The aim of those in favor of a scrappage scheme is .A)to reduce diesel emissions B) to encourage the use of old carsC) to retire low-end old vehicles D) to cut own on traffic accidents53.It can be inferred from the passage that the Treasury .A)was quite clear about the current situation of air pollutionB)opposed almost every proposal about reducing air pollutionC)believed the anti-pollution measures to be unaffordableD)made such objections partly due to the effects on drivers54.Why do the UK ministers have to put forward a third air pollution plan?A)Because drivers are suffering the most from sir pollution.B)Because the first two plans were found illegal by the judges.C)Because long-term solutions are ignored by the government.D)Because emergency measures are falling behind.55.Which of the following measures did the French government take when smog suddenly arrived in December?A)Establishing clean air zones. C) Limiting vehicles based on license plate number.B)Reforming car taxes. D) Posting several announcements on Twitter.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)西汉时期，中国的船队就达到了印度和斯里兰卡（Sri Lanka）,用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃（colored glaze）、珍珠等物品。
2020年7月27日练习题4、5、6、7、8、9、12
2020年7⽉27⽇练习题4、5、6、7、8、9、12 /*4、随机⽣成⼀个100以内的整数，猜数字游戏从键盘输⼊数，如果⼤了提⽰，⼤了，如果⼩了，提⽰⼩了，如果对了，就不再猜了，并统计⼀共猜了多少次*/class Test09_Exer4{public static void main(String[] args){//随机⽣成⼀个100以内的整数,[0,100)/*Math.random() -->[0,1)的⼩数Math.random()*100 -->[0,100)的⼩数[0,100)的整数 (int)(Math.random()*100 )*/int randNum = (int)(Math.random()*100);// System.out.println(randNum);//从键盘输⼊数，如果⼤了提⽰，⼤了，如果⼩了，提⽰⼩了，如果对了，就不再猜了，java.util.Scanner input = new java.util.Scanner(System.in);int num;//挪到do{}上⾯，提升作⽤域int count = 0;//统计次数do{System.out.print("猜数（范围[0,100)：");num = input.nextInt();count++;//输⼊⼀次，就代表猜⼀次if(num > randNum){System.out.println("⼤了");}else if(num<randNum){System.out.println("⼩了");}}while(num!=randNum);//条件成⽴，重复执⾏循环体语句System.out.println("⼀共猜了：" + count + "次");}}/*循环嵌套：5、输出所有的⽔仙花数，所谓⽔仙花数是指⼀个3位数，其各个位上数字⽴⽅和等于其本⾝。
中考英语阅读分层训练~Test 9
提升等级 - TEST 9（2）一、完形填空（共10小题；共15分）When personal trainer James O'Driscoll arrives at his gym each morning, he doesn't just to help others lose weight or build muscles. There is something 1 ."I have been working with a man for several years who said that 2 really helped build up his confidence." James understands the importance of developing 3 better than most. At 26, he suddenly lost his sight, which made him unable to work and his life was 4 .James' life 5 when a guide dog came into his life. "We built up trust and respect for each other. The dog helped me return to work and a 6 life."James started as an actor which later required him to get back in shape."I felt that if I could 7 my life through exercise I could help others do the same," he says.Through great 8 , James became the UK's first blind personal trainer four years ago. " 9 , it is not about how heavy you are. Someone says they played football without feeling out of breath 10 they put a dress on for the first time in six years. That is what really matters. It's how you feel inside."1. A. harder B. happierC. more importantD. more interesting2. A. dancing B. training C. talking D. singing3. A. sight B. health C. confidence D. strength4. A. inspired B. expected C. forgotten D. destroyed5. A. changed B. continued C. accepted D. completed6. A. exciting B. social C. busy D. lucky7. A. find out B. build up C. smile at D. turn around8. A. pleasure B. energy C. efforts D. decisions9. A. Finally B. Luckily C. Pleasantly D. Shortly10. A. if B. but C. or D. so二、阅读理解（共20小题；共40分）A11. The play begins at .A. 7:00 p.m.B. 9:00 a.m.C. 7:00 a.m.D. 9:00 p.m.12. The seat number in the passage is .A. 9, Row 6B. 6, Row 9cC. 10, Row 6D. 7, Row 913. If you are late for play, you'd better .A. walk aroundB. call up your friendsC. rush to your seatD. enter the theater quietly14. You should at the theater.A. use cameras and videosB. sell your ticketC. talk with your friends loudlyD. check your seat number15. The underlined word "refund" means " ".A. 入场B. 出场C. 退票D. 购票BPrana was a beautiful dog, whose name means “breath of life”. Although he died several years ago, I can still remember the days we spent together and what he has taught me about love.I have two apple trees in the garden. Prana loved apples. When he went outside, he'd catch an apple and take it into the house to eat later. The apples had been on the ground and were often dirty so I wasn't always happy that Prana had brought them into the house.It was an autumn day in America, but it was very cold. A big snow fell and we had not done anything for its coming. On that special day, Prana went outside and I watched him through the window. I noticed that he was madly digging(挖) holes and bringing the apples to the ground so they could be seen above the snow. I did not know why he was doing this. He seemed to want to do something special.When I called him back, he had his usual one apple in his mouth. About five minutes later, I looked outside. The garden was completely covered with birds. Prana had dug up all those apples for his bird friends to eat. He knew that they wouldn't have stored enough food for the coming winter!16. Prana was .A. the writerB. a boyC. a birdD. a dog17. I wasn't always happy because .A. Prana loved applesB. Prana caught an apple and ate itC. the apples fell on the ground and were dirtyD. Prana brought the dirty apples into the house18. On the snowy day, Prana .A. ate up all the applesB. dug holes to put the apples in themC. brought the apples under the snow to the groundD. left the house and died19. The birds flew to the garden to .A. look for PranaB. eat the applesC. make new homesD. store food for the winter20. The topic of the story is about .A. applesB. animalsC. loveD. lifeCThis is a song millions of Americans will hear this New Year's Eve. It is called Auld Lang Syne (《友谊地久天长》). It is the traditional music played during the New Year's celebration. Auld Lang Syne is an old Scottish poem. It tells about the need to remember old friends.The words "auld lang syne" mean "old long since". No one knows who wrote the poem first. However, a version by Scottish poet Robert Bums was published(出版) in 1796. The words and music we know today first appeared in a songbook three years later.The song is played in the United States mainly on New Year's Eve. The version(译文) you are hearing today is by the Washington Saxophone Quartet. As we end our program with Auld Lang Syne.I would like to wish all our radio friends a very Happy New Year! This is Buddy Thomas.21. This passage is from .A. a newspaperB. a magazineC. a TV programD. a radio program22. is introducing Auld Lang Syne to us.A. Robert BumsB. The Washington Saxophone QuartetC. Buddy ThomasD. The passage doesn't tell us23. From the passage, we know that the song Auld Lang Syne mainly played in the USA .A. On New Year's EveB. On Christmas EveC. On weekendsD. On holidays24. The words and music of Auld Lang Syne we know today first appeared .A. In 1790B. In 1793C. In 1796D. In 179925. The song Auld Lang Syne is about .A. the history of ScotlandB. an old Scottish poetC. the need to remember old friendsD. the wishes to the radio friendsD"When can I get a cell phone?" The answer is when your parents think you need one, though many kids seem to be getting them around age 12 or 13. Some younger kids may have them because their parents see it as a matter of safety and convenience. For example, a kid can call Mom and Dad when sports practice is over. A cell phone can give kids almost instant access (快捷通道) to their parents if something goes wrong or they need help. It can give parents quick access to their kids so they can check on them and make sure they're OK.If you do get a cell phone, make some rules with your parents, such as how many minutes you're allowed to spend on the phone, when you can use your phone, when the phone must be turned off, and what you will do if someone calls you too often, and so on.You'll also have to learn to take care of the phone in your life. Keep it charged(充电) and store it in the safe place so it doesn't get lost. And whatever you do, don't use it in the bathroom. I know someone who dropped his phone in the toilet!26. Parents buy cell phones for their kids when .A. they think it is necessaryB. they think their kids are old enoughC. they have asked the writer for adviceD. they want to follow their kids wherever they are27. The writer of the passage .A. wants to describe how children use cell phonesB. knows nothing about when children can have a cell phoneC. may have done a survey on kids using cell phonesD. has been a teacher for many years28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. It is too young for kids of 12 or 13 to get a cell phone.B. The writer thinks a cell phone is useful for kids and their parents.C. The writer is against the idea of kids having cell phones.D. Most kids are considering having cell phones.29. Who does write the passage?A. Parents who have bought phones for their kids.B. Someone who does cell phone business.C. A teacher who cares most about school safety.D. Someone who works for children's education.30. Which might NOT be a rule for kids with a cell phone?A. Keep it on all the time.B. Make a call if something goes wrong.C. Don't use it in the bathroom.D. Take care not to lose it.三、阅读与表达(问答式)（共4小题；共8分）Wild animals are important to us. They live together with us on the earth. If there are no animals on the earth, we will not live on, either. So we should take good care of them to help the earth live a healthy life.But some people still don't realize the importance of protecting them. They kill wild animals for food and other things. Every day there are many wild animals being killed. So lots of wild animals have died out. We can't see them anymore. Today the number of wild animals is becoming less and less. If people don't protect them, they will all die out. If this goes on, there will be no animals left on the earth.Luckily many people have begun to realize the importance of protecting wild animals. They ask others to stop killing wild animals. They teach others about the importance of protecting wild animals. Now many countries have made some laws(法律) to protect wild animals and to stop people from killing them.Protecting wild animals is the duty of each of us. We should do our best to protect them because protecting them is protecting ourselves, too.31. Why is the number of wild animals becoming less and less today?32. What does the underlined phrase "die out" mean in Chinese?33. Why have many countries made some laws?34. What do you think we should do to protect wild animals?答案一、完形填空1. C2. B3. C 4 (暂无答案) 5. A6. B7. D8. C9. A 10. C二、阅读理解11 (暂无答案) 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. C21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A三、阅读与表达(问答式)31. Because there are many wild animals being killed every day.32. 灭绝。
剑桥雅思9Test4口语Part2范文：Describe a person who has done a lot of work to help people
剑9Test4口语Part2范文：Describe a person who has done a lot of work to help people。
烤鸭你怎么解决这一雅思话题。
part1,请点击：剑桥雅思9Test4口语Part1范文（Bicycles）话题雅思口语名师点题人物一直是雅思口语高频话题。
这里小编总结了近期的关于人物的高频话题，雅思口语Part2作文:Describe the member of your family who is successfulDescribe two people who are from the same family. (New)Describe a famous person that you are interested in . (New)Describe a polite person you know . (New)Describe a family member that you feel proud of . (New)以上是2017年上半年的高频话题，接下来，我们将介绍本篇话题！Describe a person who has done a lot of work to help people.雅思口语范文：It is undeniable that so many kinds of languages and dialectsexit in the multi-cultural world, which causes some complex andembarrassed situations while communicating with peopleholding different languages. Some predict that if somelesser-known languages vanish, we may enjoy a much easierlingual atmosphere. Personally I think it is entirely wrong.Admittedly, to eliminate some languages that have beenused in some certain parts of the world will make people'scommunication easier. Namely, English and other internationallanguages will bridge over the lingual barriers to some extent.However, if a language disappears, the culture behind it will notexist then shortly. Besides, the living habits and traditions relyingon those language features will also die out with the loss of alanguage itself.When it comes to the reasons for my disagreement, twoaspects should be listed: for one thing, as mentioned above,language is no more than a way of communication. It is morelikely to be a better symbol on special occasions, like somefamous directors will thank all his helpers in English on stagewhen he is awarded by Oscar, but he will definitely thank his homeland in his native language at last, which represents anational pride vividly. For another, if it is possible to remove some lesser-known languages, some substitution will be used asEnglish and French recently. However, the problem is the translation is not so perfect to transfer each cultural meaningand indication from a native surrounding to a western lingualway. The missing translation will lead to theloss of culturaldiversity subconsciously.In sum, some lesser-known languages should not be widelyused for the globalization, but the preservation of those cultural-valued legacies should never stop until the extinction ofthe human beings.。
人教版九年级英语unit3全单元课件
对…有好处
使某人快乐 开办英语俱乐部 英英字典 英汉字典
31.basketball practice 32.a real mess 有做…的机会
篮球练习 一团乱麻
33. have an opportunity to do sth .== have a chance of doing sth
34.at least
7. need 需要
1) 情态动词：后接动词原形 2）实义动词 ① sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 e.g. Yong people need to sleep ② sth need doing = sth need to be done 某物需要 被…… e.g. The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。
13.have an opportunity to do sth. / have a chance to do sth have an opportunity of doing sth / have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 e.g. 请停止说话。 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 e.g. 请停下来说话。 stop sb from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。 e.g. 没人能阻止我去那儿。
can’t stop doing sth. 忍不住做某事 e.g. 他忍不住哭了。
gginference 0.1.3 软件包说明说明书
Package‘gginference’October13,2022Type PackageTitle Visualise the Results of Inferential Statistics using'ggplot2'Version0.1.3Date2020-10-25Description Visualise the results of F test to compare two variances,Student's t-test,test of equal or given proportions,Pearson's chi-squared test for count data and test for association/correlation between paired samples. Maintainer Kleanthis Koupidis<************************>URL https:///okgreece/gginferenceBugReports https:///okgreece/gginference/issuesDepends R(>=3.5.0)License GPL-2|file LICENSEEncoding UTF-8LazyData trueImports ggplot2,rlang,stats,utilsRoxygenNote7.1.1Suggests knitr,MASS,rmarkdownNeedsCompilation noAuthor Charalampos Bratsas[aut],Anastasia Foudouli[aut],Kleanthis Koupidis[aut,cre]Repository CRANDate/Publication2020-10-3123:20:02UTCR topics documented:accidentsData (2)BirthDeath (3)BirthDeath2000 (3)12accidentsData births (4)DieselbioRon95 (4)FuelConsumption (5)ggaov (5)ggchisqtest (6)ggcortest (7)ggproptest (8)ggttest (9)ggvartest (9)LaptopRates (10)LivLab (11)MilkConsumption (11)m_anova (12)profits_df (12)questionnaire (13)randexperiment (13)Salary_Gender (14)Index15 accidentsData Car accident dataDescriptionA data frame showing the use of seat belt and the driver status after a car accident in Greece.UsageaccidentsDataFormatA data frame with383observations of2columns:record factor representing the driver statusseatBelt factor indicating whether the driver wore a seatbeltSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical AuthorityBirthDeath3 BirthDeath Number of births and death in GreeceDescriptionA data frame containing the number of births and deaths along with their rates from1932to2016.UsageBirthDeathFormatA data frame with71observations of5columns:Year years1932-2016Deaths number of deathsDeathsRate number of deaths per1000citizenBirths number of birthsBirthRate number of births per1000citizenSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical AuthorityBirthDeath2000Birth and Deaths before and after2000DescriptionA data frame containing samples with the number of births and deaths before and after2000.UsageBirthDeath2000FormatA data frame with30observations of3columns:deaths number of deathsbirths number of birthstype factor indicating if the number of births and deaths correspond before2000or after2000 SourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical Authority4DieselbioRon95 births Births in Greece,1976-1989DescriptionA data frame giving the number of births per1000people in Greece from1976to1989.UsagebirthsFormatA data frame with14observations of2columns:year years from1976to1989rate number of births per1000peopleSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical AuthorityDieselbioRon95Bio diesel and RON95consumptionDescriptionA data frame including a sample of bio diesel and RON95consumption in Greece.UsageDieselbioRon95FormatA data frame with24observations of5columns:region factor of Greek regionsDieselBio_consumption2006metric tons of bio-diesel consumption in2006DieselBio_consumption2016metric tons of bio-diesel consumption in2016RON95_consumption2006metric tons of ron95consumption in2006RON95_consumption2016metric tons of ron95consumption in2016SourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical AuthorityFuelConsumption5 FuelConsumption FuelConsumptionDescriptionA data frame containing the fuel consumption in Greece.UsageFuelConsumptionFormatA data frame with50observations of8columns:Geographic.area factor with geographic area of GreeceRegions factor with regions of GreeceRunits factor with regional units of GreeceRON95metric tons of ron95consumptionRON98_100metric tons of ron98consumptionDieselBio metric tons of bio diesel consumptionLPG metric tons of liquefied petroleum gas consumptionDieselC metric tons of heating oil consumptionSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical Authorityggaov Anova F test plotDescriptionVisualise anova F-test to determine whether group means are equalUsageggaov(t,alpha=0.05,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="grey84",colstat="navyblue")6ggchisqtest Argumentst an object of class aovalpha alpha level forfinding critical F valuecolaccept color for the acceptance region of the testcolreject color for the area of rejection of the testcolstat color of the statistic of the test lineExamples#21-th daychick21<-ChickWeight[ChickWeight$Time==21,]chickaov<-aov(weight~Diet,data=chick21)summary(chickaov)ggaov(chickaov,colaccept="grey89",colreject="black")ggchisqtest Plot for Pearson’s Chi-squared Test for Count DataDescriptionVisualise chi-squared contingency table tests and goodness-of-fit tests.Usageggchisqtest(t,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="gray84",colstat="navyblue",alpha=0.05)Argumentst a list result of chisq.test of"htest"classcolaccept color the acceptance area of the testcolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vlinealpha default set to0.05,choose confidence level for the plot as it is not stated in chisqtestggcortest7 Examples##Chi-squared test for given probabilitiesx<-c(A=20,B=15,C=25)chisq_test<-chisq.test(x)chisq_testggchisqtest(chisq_test)x<-c(10,86,45,38,10)p<-c(0.10,0.40,0.20,0.20,0.10)chisq_test2<-chisq.test(x,p=p)chisq_test2ggchisqtest(chisq_test2)##Pearson s Chi-squared testlibrary(MASS)sex_smoke<-table(survey$Sex,survey$Smoke)chisq_test3<-chisq.test(sex_smoke)chisq_test3ggchisqtest(chisq_test3)ggcortest Plot test for association between paired samplesDescriptionVisualise test for association between paired samples,using Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient.Usageggcortest(t,colaccept="lightskyblue1",colreject="grey94",colstat="navy") Argumentst a list result of cor.test of"htest"classcolaccept color the acceptance area of the testcolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vline8ggproptest Examplescorr_test<-cor.test(iris$Sepal.Length,iris$Sepal.Width)corr_testggcortest(corr_test)ggproptest Plot test of Equal or Given ProportionsDescriptionVisualise prop.test for testing the null that the proportions(probabilities of success)in several groups are the same,or that they equal certain given values.Usageggproptest(t,alpha=0.05,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="gray84",colstat="navyblue")Argumentst a list result of prop.test of"htest"classalpha alpha level for ploting distribution,when prop.test is used on more than2sam-plescolaccept color the acceptance area of the testcolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vlineExamplesx<-c(5,8,12)y<-c(8,9,13)pr_test<-prop.test(x,y)pr_testggproptest(pr_test)ggttest9 ggttest Student’s t-test plotDescriptionVisualise one and/or two sample t-tests on vectors of data.Usageggttest(t,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="grey84",colstat="navyblue")Argumentst a list result of t.test of"htest"classcolaccept color the acceptance area of the testcolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vlineExamplest_test<-t.test(sleep$extra~sleep$group)t_testggttest(t_test)t_test2<-t.test(x=1:10,y=c(7:20))t_test2ggttest(t_test2)ggvartest F test plotDescriptionVisualise F test to compare two variancesUsageggvartest(t,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="gray84",colstat="navyblue")10LaptopRates Argumentst a list result of var.test of"htest"classcolaccept color the acceptance area of the test,see colorscolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vlineExamplesx<-rnorm(50,mean=0,sd=2)y<-rnorm(30,mean=1,sd=1)var_test<-var.test(x,y)var_testggvartest(var_test)LaptopRates LaptopRatesDescriptionA data frame that contains sample ratings of18laptops,by three experts.UsageLaptopRatesFormatA data frame with54observations of3columns:laptop laptop id,1-18expert a character of expert1,expert2,expert3valuesrating ratings-5likert scale,5indicates a very good rateLivLab11 LivLab LivLabDescriptionA data frame containing a sample with the results of neuropsychological assessment before andafter serious game intervention in the living lab,Thess-AHALL(Thessaloniki Active and Healthy Aging Living Lab)of Medical Physics Laboratory of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. UsageLivLabFormatA data frame with10observations of2columns:before score in a neuropsychological test before serious game interventionafter score in a neuropsychological test after serious game interventionSource</>MilkConsumption Milk consumptionDescriptionA data frame containing a sample of the number of cow,sheep and goat milk bottles sold.UsageMilkConsumptionFormatA data frame with13observations of3columns:k number of cow milk bottlesk number of sheep milk bottlesk number of goat milk bottlesSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical Authority12profits_df m_anova m_anovaDescriptionA data frame with the volume of new stores by category for urban,suburban and rural areas.Usagem_anovaFormatA data frame with54observations of4columns:Categories integer representing three categoriesUrbanAreas coding for urban,suburban and rural areasMonth integer representing three monthsVolume volume in cubic metersSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical Authorityprofits_df ProfitsDescriptionA data frame with the profits of some companies for5months,constructed for teaching purposes.Usageprofits_dfFormatA data frame with26companies(rows)of5months(columns).questionnaire13 questionnaire Questionnaire AnswersDescriptionA data frame containing a sample with the answers of students.UsagequestionnaireFormatA data frame with50observations of8columns:gender A factor with the student genderwriting.hand A factor with the writing hand of the students(left,right)fold.arm A factor with the top hand when the students fold their armspulse Integer with the pulse rate of students(beats per minute)exercise A factor with the frequency the students exercises(none,some,frequently)smoke A factor with the frequency the students smokes(heavy,regularly,occasionally,never) height Integer with the height of the students(in centimeters)age Integer with the age of the studentsrandexperiment Random experiment resultsDescriptionA data frame with128sample results of a repeated experiment.Success is noted with1and failurewith0.UsagerandexperimentFormatA data frame with128observations of1column.14Salary_Gender Salary_Gender Female and male salariesDescriptionA sample data frame with female and male salaries of a company.UsageSalary_GenderFormatA data frame with100observations of2columns:Male_sal male salariesFemale_sal female salariesIndexaccidentsData,2BirthDeath,3BirthDeath2000,3births,4chisq.test,6colors,10cor.test,7DieselbioRon95,4FuelConsumption,5ggaov,5ggchisqtest,6ggcortest,7ggproptest,8ggttest,9ggvartest,9LaptopRates,10LivLab,11m_anova,12MilkConsumption,11profits_df,12prop.test,8questionnaire,13randexperiment,13Salary_Gender,14t.test,9var.test,1015。
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二级听力第九套试卷编号：ListeningTest9考试时间：60 分钟满分：99.8 分Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions(Each item: 3)Directions:Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.A. He lost is license.B. He was driving in the wrong direction.C. He knocked down a woman.D. He drove through a green light.2.A. Drivers should follow the new law.B. Drivers should not forget the old rules.C. Drivers will ignore the new law.D. Drivers find the new law has saved a lot of lives.3.A. They both think cyclists do not have to wear helmets.B. They both think cyclists should wear helmets.C. The man suggests wearing helmets while the woman thinks otherwise.D. The woman suggests wearing helmets while the man thinks otherwise.4.A. A taxi driver-a passenger.B. A driver-a friend.C. A new driver-the trainer.D. Mother-son.5.A. They warned people against too much drinking.B. They offered people more drinks than reasonable.C. They welcomed the law that prohibited too much drinking.D. They ignored the law that prohibited too much drinking.6.A. He will fasten his seatbelt.B. He will loosen his seatbelt.C. He will soon develop the habit of wearing the belt.D. He will ignore the requirement for wearing the belt.7.A. He tells the woman to get the right kind of petrol.B. He tells the woman that they can use any kind of petrol.C. He has enough petrol.D. He does not have enough petrol.8.A. The woman has become blind.B. The woman did not insure her car.C. The woman bumped into the man's car because he stopped suddenly.D. The man bumped into the woman's car because she stopped suddenly.9.A. It has been stolen.B. It has been seriously damaged.C. It has been slightly damaged.D. It has no problem at all.10.A. Because a woman driver cut a man with her knife.B. Because a driver killed a woman in a traffic jam.C. Because there are too many car accidents.D. Because drivers may get angry easily.Part 2 Long dialogs and multiple choice questions(Each item: 3)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.11.What happened to the man?A. He had a major accident.B. He had a small accident.C. He drove back home without any problem.D. He won a race.12.What would happen to the driver if he talked on the cell phone while driving?A. He would hit another car.B. He would hit somebody walking across the street.C. He would be accused by the police.D. He would be put into prison.13.What would the police charge the driver with?A. Illegal driving.B. Driving without concentration.C. Drunk driving.D. All of the above.14.What encouraging words does the woman say?A. The driver is not arrested.B. The driver does not get a fine.C. Nobody is hurt.D. Nobody dies.15.According to the dialog, what is the problem with drivers who have cell phones?A. Their phones may beep a lot while there is a green light.B. Their phones may beep a lot while the traffic is crowded.C. They may not be aware of the fact that talking on the cell phone while driving is dangerous.D. They want to talk more on the phone than usual.Part 3 Short passages and multiple choice questions(Each item: 3)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the same passage or dialog.16.What did the police officer find?A. He found a crashed car and a dead body.B. He found a crashed car and two dead bodies.C. He found a crashed car and a monkey in it.D. He found a crashed car with an injured man in it.17.What happened when the officer was looking at the car?A. The injured man called for help.B. The injured woman called for help.C. A monkey jumped out of the car.D. A monkey came out of the woods.18.How did the monkey motion the owners of the car had been drinking?A. He pretended to turn up a can by his mouth.B. He raised a can and poured the water out.C. He drank some water.D. He got some water from a can.19.How did the monkey motion the owners of the car had been smoking?A. He struck a match to light a cigarette.B. He put a cigarette between his lips.C. He put his fingers together and held them to his mouth.D. He pretended to be smelling at something.20.Who was driving the car at the time of the car crash?A. The man.B. The woman.C. The monkey.D. Nobody.Part 4 Short passages and True/False questions(Each item: 3)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then mark the statements T (true) or F (false). You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to write the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the same passage or dialog.21.Present at the seminar are an engineer, a physician, and a mathematician.TF22.The engineers tries to use a trash can to cover the fire.TF23.The physicist is concerned with precision.TF24.The mathematician is satisfied with an abstract solution.TF25.The story says people of different professions may look at the same problem from different angles.TFPart 5 Short dialogs and blank filling(Each item: 3.1)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then fill in the blanks with the missing words. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time to write the missing words. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 26 to 33 are based on the same passage or dialog.Jane: Peter, you shouldn't have 26. the red light.Peter: Sorry, but I'm tired. I want to get home 27. early.Jane: I told you not to drink so much. Your breath 28. alcohol. We'll get into trouble if we 29. a policeman. Slow down a bit.Peter: I’m only 30. 50.[They see a dog in the middle of the road.]Jane: 31. ! There's a dog ahead!Peter: Oh, no! That damned dog! I almost 32. .Jane: You almost hit the police car coming 33.。