英语成语 Figurative idioms隐喻成语

– 推卸责任
• Pay through the nose
– 付出高代价
• A pretty kettle of fish
– 糟糕透顶
• A dog in the manger
– 损人不利己的人
• Have a tongue in one’s cheek
– 说话没有诚意，说着玩
• 社会优秀分子
– A sweet tooth
• 爱吃甜东西
– Labour of love
• 乐意做的工作，不取酬的工作
• C) prepositional介词
– 介词+介词宾语 – In the same boat
• 处于相同的困境
– At bay
• 受困，走投无路
– In the straw
• 瘦骨伶仃
– Have a heart of stone – Fish in troubled waters浑水摸鱼 – Look with folded arms袖手旁观 – Constant dripping wears the stone滴水穿石 – Know something like the palm of one’s hand 了如指掌
– core of idioms – idiomatic phrases or idiomatic expressions
• Eg. • to help a lame dog over the stiles（栅栏） • a dog in the manger(牛槽)
• between the devil and the deep sea
– 骑墙
• Ins and outs
– 来龙去脉
• Like a drowned rat
– 像落汤鸡
• Apple of one’s eye
– 掌上明珠
• A flash in the pan
– 昙花一现
• Hit the nail on the head
– 击中要害
• Have one foot in the grave
– 说话无诚意
• Keep one’s chin up
– 不气馁，振作精神
• Work one’s fingers to the bone
– 拼命地干活
• 2.1.2 syntactic classification of figurative idioms 句法分类 P.386 • A) verbal动词
• The beam in one’s own eye
– 自己的重大缺点
• Bear one’s cross
– 忍受自己的痛苦
• Separate the sheep from the goats
– 区别好人与坏人
• Reap as one has sown
– 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆
• 莎士比亚的作品 • curled darlings
• • • • • • •
2.2.1 from daily life日常生活 航海业 农业 磨坊和铁匠铺 狩猎 体育娱乐 人体各部分
• P.387-390
• 颜色 • Once in the blue moon
– 偶然有一次
• Out of the blue
– 完全意外地
• Be in brown study
• 用汉语成语作为对应词，但构成词有所不同 • To put the cart before the horse
– 本末倒置
• Kill two birds with one stone
– 一箭双雕
• Burn one’s boats
– 破釜沉舟 – 不留后路
• Sit on the fence
– Cry wolf too often – Warm a serpent in one’s bosom
• 对坏人仁慈
– Sour grapes
• 可望不可即乊物 • 使人忍无可忍乊事
– The last straw
• • • •
2.3 使用和汉译 p.393 Collins: A Book of English Idioms In standard spoken and written English today, idiom is an established, universal and essential element that, used with care, ornaments and enriches the language.
• 2.3.1. 借用法 borrowing directly • 2.3.2. 直译法 literal translation • 2.3.3. 意译法 free translation
• 2.3.1. 借用法 borrowing directly • 找对应的成语或习惯表达式：
– Castle in the air空中楼阁 – Turn a deaf ear to – As strong as an ox – All skin and bones
• Summary:
• Metaphors enable people to be more expressive, imagic , interesting and accurate. • 形象性，意象性，趣味性，精确性
• 2.1 classifications of figurative idioms • 2.1.1 semantic classification of figurative idioms语义分类 • 2.1.2 syntactic classification of figurative idioms 句法分类
• 分娩
• In the green tree
– 在青春旺盛时代 – 身体棒极了 – 年富力强时 – 赤字 – 顺风
• In the pink
• In the green
• In the red
？black
• With the wind
• • • •
2.2 origins of figurative idioms 来源 2.2.1 from daily life日常生活 2.2.2 from literary works 文学作品 2.2.3 borrowed idioms 外国成语
• 2.1.1 semantic classification of figurative idioms语义分类 • From the perspective观点 of pragmatics语 用论 • Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms:
– 26 fields:
– 花花公子
• the sear and yellow leaf
– 暮年
• single harness
– 光棍生活
• bite one’s thumb拇指 at somebody
– 侮辱，鄙视某人
• 2.2.3 borrowed idioms 外国成语 • 希腊神话/荷马史诗Greek mythology /Homeric epics 史诗
– Armed to teeth武装到牙齿 – Ivory tower象牙塔,脱离实际的小天地 – Crocodile’s tears – Sour grapes酸葡萄 – Bottle neck – Turn the page
• 翻开新页
• 2.3.3. 意译法 free translation • Pass the buck
– 感到羞愧
• 比较：
• He is in trouble他现在麻烦大. • He is up a gum tree.盖满粘液的树 • They love very much since they met two months ago. • They love to pieces since they met two months ago.
– Achilles’ heel
• 唯一的弱点，要害
– Between Scylla and Charybdis
• 腹背受敌，进退两难
– A labor of Hercules
• 非常困难的工作
• 伊索寓言Aesop’s Fables
– Borrowed plumes
• 向别人借来装门面的漂亮衣服 • (靠别人得来的声望) • 发假警报
– 动词+宾语： – to draw water in a sieve漏勺
• 竹篮打水
– To shut up like a clam蛤，
• 突然闭嘴，突然默不作声
• B) nominal名词
– 定语+名词 – birds of a feather
• 一丘乊貉
– The cream of society
• P. 384
• • • • • • •
Common figurative idioms: 人体隐喻 航海隐喻 农业隐喻 运动隐喻 生活隐喻 军队隐喻 P. 384-386
• 猜猜看什么意思？ • Knit one’s brows
– 忧虑，烦恼
• Speak with one’s tongue in one’s cheek
• Nip in the bud
– 在萌芽时加以扼杀；防患于未然
• Beat around the bushes
– 旁敲侧击
• Sit on thor2 from literary works 文学作品 • 圣经 • The apple of one’s eye
– 心肝宝贝
– 沉思默想，空想
• Be born in purple
– 生于贵族乊家；身为望族
• White elephant