从功能性收入看中国收入分配的不平等_英文_

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In addition, this article takes the parameter to be tested as ,{},,,,p x u w x ααβββηδ=, in which δ obeys a normal distribution with a zero mean value but a very large variance (e.g., 10 or 100), so we can see that δ is already informationless. Repeated simulations running a thousand iterations of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm reveal that the high probability interval of the posterior distribution of δ is close to zero (i.e., the variance is small), which means there is no great gap between δ and zero. Thus we can infer that the erroneous part occupies only a small proportion of the statistical data and the parameter we get from the observed estimation is reasonable.
Figure 4 Comparison of changing trends in simulated data and actual data
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实际数据模拟数据
We can see from Figure 4 that overall, the declining path of the share of wage income in national income simulated using the model is basically similar to the declining path portrayed by the actual data. It is necessary to note that before the 1990s, the share of wage income fell slowly but thereafter it accelerated markedly. This may have been caused by a more rapid increase in labor productivity, but the possibility that it arose from the substitution of rural for urban labor cannot be ruled out.38 Moreover, based on both simulated and actually observed data, there has been a substantial reduction in the decline in the share of wages in national income over the last ten years. In some years, the share of wages remained stable or even rose; this may corroborate, to some extent, the view expressed by Cai Fang and other economists that China’s economy is close to or has reached the Lewis turning point.39
V .Conclusions
In this article we have used the macro-dynamic model constructed by Gong Gang and Justin Yifu Lin to study income distribution in China from the perspective of functional income distribution. We come to the basic conclusion that the unlimited supply of labor under 38　Zhang Zheng and Tan Qin believe that whether cheap rural labor replaces urban labor is the key to whether the share of wage income in national income falls. Zhang Zheng and Tan Qin, “On the Employment Effect of Labor Intensive Enterprises: With a Discussion of the ‘Shortage of Migrant Workers’.”39　Cai Fang and Wang Meiyan, “A Re-examination of the Rural Labor Surplus and Relevant Facts: Applying a Counterfactual Method”; Cai Fang, “Policy Options for Agricultural Development after the Lewis Turning Point.”simulated data actual data。