[推荐学习]上海市虹口区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末教学质量监控试题

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英语-上海市虹口区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监控

上海市虹口区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监控英语试题第I 卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 2:02. B. 2:20. C. 2:50. D. 2:32.2. A. Mother and child. B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.3. A. At a hairdresser’s. B. At the dentist’s.C. At a fashion show.D. At the tailor’s.4. A. The man lost his way. B. The man was locked in the room.C. He couldn’t open the door.D. He didn’t want to enter the room.5. A. She is working at a newspaper.B. She used to change her job quite often.C. She often has lunch with her supervisor.D. She wants her supervisor’s comments on her work.6. A. The man’s glasses are up to date.B. The man should wear his glasses in class.C. The man should have changed his glasses.D. The man shouldn’t sit at the back of the classroom.7. A. Take the bus with him. B. Drive him home from the station.C. Call him this evening.D. Drive him to the station.8. A. Where he is studying. B. What subject he is studying.C. How long he has been abroad.D. When he is returning.9. A. She wants to buy a new computer. B. She wants to know more about computers.C. She is unwilling to listen to the man.D. She believes what the man is talking about.10. A. Because she hasn’t shown up. B. Because she drives too slowly.C. Because she is very rude to him.D. Because she is always in a rush.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A laboratory assistant. B. A doctor.C. A teacher of a laboratory.D. A professor in the hospital.12. A. He will be punished severely.B. He will be dropped from the class.C. He can make up the classes.D. He will be allowed to remain if he has a good excuse.13. A. It should be cut.B. It must be fastened tightly back.C. It should be reported as an accident.D. The long hair wearer will be asked to leave the class.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In the 1870s. B. In 1926. C. By 1940. D. By 1817.15. A. He wanted to cut back production costs.B. He wanted the working people to earn more money.C. He thought the Americans’ life should be organized in a better way.D. He thought the five-day workweek was good for the economy.16.A. People drink a lot of alcohol.B. Night movies sell more tickets.C. TV shows more films of murder and love.D. People do things with emotion and purpose at night.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. The design of the courses. B. The choice of the courses.C. The registration of the courses.D. The evaluation of the courses.18.A. Mathematics. B. Modern History.C. Chemistry.D. International Trade.19. A. Go directly to the classes. B. Ask other students for help.C. Speak to Professor Anderson.D. Go to the registration office first.20. A. To register at least one selective course every term.B. To register for at least one course each year.C. To register for the courses before the deadline.D. To choose no more than two courses every term.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. “Listen to the whinersactively,” said HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to improve the situation.”Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when (28) ______ (t ell) someone how they want things to be.”But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about t he specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.” he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually disappear.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. defenseB. avoidC. believingD. mistakeE. requiredF. criticalG. cheating H. ashamed I. identify J. confirm K. similarWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32 problems in the future.Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism(剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail toquote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the r isks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not 37 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and 38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making—and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or 40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions,that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Migrant workersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have 41 most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the 42 in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to 43 outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the 44 living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a 45 attraction. An allied(联合的) benefit is the low 46 or a complete lack of it. This 47 the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage. 48 , the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each otherfor safety and comfort. 49 , many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems butthis merely presents greater 50 to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do 51 work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are52 ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be 53 since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workersas permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this 54 , along with others, because of the 55 financial benefits which they receive.41. A. presented B. devoted C. adapted D. restricted42. A. style B. evidence C. case D. hint43. A. call in B. bring up C. turn down D. help out44. A. excellent B. difficult C. fair D. stable45. A. casual B. familiar C. major D. final46. A. consumption B. pressure C. competition D. taxation47. A. occupies B. increases C. blocks D. protects48. A. For example B. In particular C. By comparison D. In other words49. A. Therefore B. Likewise C. Consequently D. However50. A. agreement B. outcome C. prediction D. challenge51. A. skillful B. vivid C. routine D. potential52. A. temporary B. ordinary C. voluntary D. revolutionary53. A. claimed B. criticized C. considered D. expected54. A. sacrifice B. reminder C. disadvantage D. appreciation55. A. limited B. considerable C. reasonable D. potentialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Forty-t hree years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.It was tough indeed. When the module (登月舱) was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop.As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle (轻声笑), saying: “It was never a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his ac hievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger (记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”Armstrong passed away last month at the a ge of 82, but he will be remembered. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink (眨眼示意),” his family said to Reuters.56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work wellB. believed the module would land safely on the moonC. had prepared himself to face possible failureD. planned to land the module on the moon by himself57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?A. He was angry.B. He was troubled by it.C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.58.By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work”, Armstrong meant that __________.A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognizedB. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successesC. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less importantD. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?A. He was ambitious.B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.C. He balanced his life and work well.D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.(B)You may read the questions first.Indian Heroes and Great ChieftainsThe book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it.Name: Sitting BullBirth: 1831Death: 12-15-1890He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997 documentary (纪录片) — The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies and was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.Name: Crazy HorseBirth: 1842Death: 9-5-1877Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior（勇士）and a gentle leader as well as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux, celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words”.Name: Red CloudBirth: 1822Death: 12-10-1909He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty (条约), which stated that the Black Hills didn’t belong to people. The treaty also stated that these a reas couldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’s book Indian Heroes, he was said to havefought against the treaty, forcing the government to give in and pull outof the area.Name: Lozen QuanahBirth: late 1840sDeath: 1890Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself tothe people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”.60. Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse?A. He was friendly to his soldier.B. He showed great courage.C. He was a great talker.D. He was respected.61. From the passage we can infer that __________.A. Sitting Bull disliked travelingB. Indian Heroes was a book on Indian historyC. in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrowsD. in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses62. The main purpose of the passage is to __________.A. show Indians’ lives to readersB. describe great Indian heroes and heroinesC. show the history of the IndiansD. comment on a history book(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYME X opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds(对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.C. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences are most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to havev olunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. 67 For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences,and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people maynot wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory(义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happe ns, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. 68 Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteersover time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. 69 The researchers note that attention shouldbe given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or providethem with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences inthe degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. 70 Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statementssuch as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they p icture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program.While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.（请将答案写在答题纸上）第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 熬夜大大影响健康。

虹口区2018学年度第一学期教学质量监控测试高三数学试卷及答案

（第11题图）虹口区2018学年度第一学期教学质量监控测试高三数学试卷及答案 2018年12月考生注意：1.本试卷共4页，21道试题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟.2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸. 作答必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分.一、填空题（本大题满分54分）本大题共12题，第1-6题，每空填对得4分;第7-12题，每空填对得5分. 请直接将结果填写在答题纸相应题号的空格内.1.计算153lim ________.54n nnnn +→+∞-=+ 2. 不等式21xx >-的解集为_________. 3．设全集{}{}3,2,1,0,1,2log (1),U R A B x y x ==--==-若，则()UA B =ð_______．4. 设常数,a R ∈若函数()()3log f x x a =+的反函数的图像经过点()2,1，则a =_______.5. 若一个球的表面积为4,π 则它的体积为________.6. 函数8()f x x x=+[)(2,8)x ∈的值域为________. 7．二项式62x ⎫⎪⎭的展开式的常数项为________．8. 双曲线22143x y -=的焦点到其渐近线的距离为_________.9. 若复数z =sin 1cos i iθθ-（i 为虚数单位），则z 的模的最大值为_________. 10.已知7个实数1,2,4,,,,a b c d -依次构成等比数列，若从这7个数中任取2个，则它们的和为正数的概率为__________.11.如图，已知半圆O 的直径4,AB = OAC ∆是等边三角形，若点P 是边AC （包含端点,A C ）上的动点，点Q 在弧BC 上，且满足,OQ OP ⊥ 则OP BQ ⋅uur uu u r的最小值为__________.12.若直线y k x =与曲线2log (2)21x y x +=--恰有两个公共点，则实数k 的取值范围为________.（第17题图）二、选择题（本大题共4题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应题号上，将所选答案的代号涂黑，选对得 5分，否则一律零分. 13.已知,x R ∈则“1233x -<”是“1x <”的（）（A ）充分非必要条件（B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件（D ）既非充分又非必要条件14．关于三个不同平面,,αβγ与直线l ，下列命题中的假命题是 ( ) （A ）若,αβ⊥则α内一定存在直线平行于β（B ）若αβ与不垂直，则α内一定不存在直线垂直于β （C ）若,,l αγβγαβ⊥⊥⋂=，则l γ⊥ （D ）若,αβ⊥则α内所有直线垂直于β15．已知函数21,1,()1,(),11,1,1,x f x a x x g x x x x -≤-⎧⎪=-+=-<<⎨⎪≥⎩若函数()()y f x g x =-恰有两个零点，则实数a 的取值范围为（）（A ）(0,)+∞ （B ）(,0)(0,1)-∞⋃ （C ）1(,)(1,)2-∞-⋃+∞ （D ）(,0)(0,2)-∞⋃16．已知点E 是抛物线2:2(0)C y p x p =>的对称轴与准线的交点，点F 为抛物线C 的焦点，点P 在抛物线C 上.在EFP ∆中，若sin sin EFP FEP μ∠=⋅∠，则μ的最大值为（）（A（B（C（D 三、解答题（本大题共5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.17．(本题满分14分) 本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分. 在如图所示的圆锥中，底面直径与母线长均为4，点C 是底面直径AB 所对弧的中点，点D 是母线PA 的中点.（1）求该圆锥的侧面积与体积；（2）求异面直线AB 与CD 所成角的大小.（第19题图）18．（本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分．已知函数16()1(0,1)x f x a a a a+=->≠+是定义在R 上的奇函数. (1)求实数a 的值及函数()f x 的值域；(2)若不等式 ()[]331,2x t f x x ⋅≥-∈在上恒成立，求实数t 的取值范围.19．(本题满分14分) 本题共2小题，每小题7分.某城市的棚户区改造建筑用地平面示意图如图所示，经过调研、规划确定，棚改规划用地区域近似为圆面，该圆的内接四边形ABCD 区域是原棚户区建筑用地，测量可知边界2()3(),1().AB AD k m BC k m CD k m ====，(1) 求AC 的长及原棚户区建筑用地ABCD 的面积；（2）因地理条件限制，边界,AD DC 不能变更，而边界,AB BC 可以调整，为了增加棚户区建筑用地的面积，请在弧 ABC 上设计一点,P 使得棚户区改造后的新建筑用地（四边形APCD ）的面积最大，并求出这个面积最大值.20．（本题满分16分）本题共3小题，第1小题5分，第2小题5分，第3小题6分. 设椭圆22:1,2x y Γ+=点F 为其右焦点，过点F 的直线与椭圆Γ相交于点,.P Q (1) 当点P 在椭圆Γ上运动时，求线段FP 的中点M 的轨迹方程；(2) 如图1，点R 的坐标为（2，0），若点S 是点P 关于x 轴的对称点，求证：点,,Q S R 共线；(3) 如图2，点T 是直线:2l x =上的任意一点，设直线,,PT FT QT 的斜率分别为,PT k,,FT QT k k 求证：,,PT FT QT k k k 成等差数列；（第20题图1）（第20题图2）（第17题图）21.(本题满分18分) 本题共3小题，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题8分. 对于()n n N *∈个实数构成的集合{}12,,,n E e e e =,记12E n S e e e =+++.已知由n 个正整数构成的集合{}12,,,n A a a a =12(,3)n a a a n <<<≥满足:对于任意不大于A S 的正整数,m 均存在集合A 的一个子集，使得该子集的所有元素之和等于.m （1）试求12,a a 的值；（2）求证：“12,,,n a a a 成等差数列”的充要条件是“1(1)2A S n n =+”；（3）若2018A S =，求证：n 的最小值为11；并求n 取最小值时，n a 的最大值.虹口区2018学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三数学参考答案和评分标准 2018年12月一、填空题（本大题满分54分）本大题共12题，第1-6题，每空填对得4分;第7-12题，每空填对得5分. 请直接将结果填写在答题纸相应题号的空格内. 1．5 2．()1,2 3.{}1,2 4．8 5．43π6. )9⎡⎣ 7. 60 8 10．47 11．2 12.(]{},01-∞⋃二、选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，满分20分）13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 三、解答题（本大题共5题，满分76分）17．(本题满分14分) 本题共2个小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分.解：（1）由已知，得圆锥的底面半径为2OA =，高为OP = …… 2分故该圆锥的侧面积为248S OA PA πππ=⋅⋅=⨯⨯=. …… 4分该圆锥的体积21()3V OA OP π=⋅⋅⋅=. …… 6分（2）以直线,,OC OB OP 分别为,,x y z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系，则相关点的坐标为(0,2,0)A -，(0,2,0),B(2,0,0),(0,0,(0,C P D -于是(0,4,0),(2,AB CD ==-- ……10分故cos ,42AB CD AB CD AB CD⋅<>===⋅⋅因此异面直线AB 与CD 所成角的大小为arccos 4…… 14分 18．（本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分．解：（1）由()f x 是R 上的奇函数，知(0)0,f =610, 3.a a a-==+解得此时31(),31x x f x -=+故对于任意的3131,()()0,3131x x x x x R f x f x ----∈+-=+=++有即()f x 是R 上的奇函数；因此实数a 的值为3. …… 4分令31(),31x x f x y -==+则130,1x yy+=>-解得11,y -<<即函数()f x 的值域为()1,1.-…6分（2）解法1：由（1）知31(),31x x f x -=+于是不等式 ()33xt f x ⋅≥-可化为2(3)(2)3(3)0.x xt t -+⋅+-≤ …… 8分令[][]33,9(1,2)x u x =∈∈因，则不等式2(2)(3)0u t u t -+⋅+-≤在[]3,9u ∈上恒成立.设2()(2)(3),g u u t u t =-+⋅+- 则()0g u ≤在[]3,9u ∈上恒成立， …… 10分等价于(3)0.(9)0g g ≤⎧⎨≤⎩即0(3)93(2)(3)015.15(9)819(2)(3)022t g t t t g t t t ≥⎧=-++-≤⎧⎪⇔⇔≥⎨⎨=-++-≤≥⎩⎪⎩因此，实数t 的取值范围为15,.2⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭…… 14分（2）解法2：由（1）知31(),31x x f x -=+当[]1,2x ∈时，()0.f x >于是不等式()33xt f x ⋅≥-可化为()233(33)(31)(31)44(31).313131x x x xx x x x t f x --+--≥===----- …… 10分令[][]312,8(1,2)x v x -=∈∈因，则由函数[]4()2,8v v vϕ=-在上递增知，max 15()(8).2v ϕϕ==故由max ()t v ϕ≥恒成立知，实数t 的取值范围为15,.2⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭ (14)（第19题图）分19．(本题满分14分) 本题共2小题，每小题7分. 解：（1）设,AC x =则由余弦定理，得2222222321cos ,cos .223221x x B D +-+-==⋅⋅⋅⋅由四边形ABCD 是圆内接四边形，得180,B D ∠+∠=︒ 故cos cos 0,BD +=从而2222222232107,223221x x x AC +-+-+=⇔==⋅⋅⋅⋅即……3分从而1cos =60=120.2B B D =⇒∠︒∠︒，……5分故 11=+23sin 6021sin12022ABC ADC ABCD S S S ∆∆=⋅⋅⋅︒+⋅⋅⋅︒=四边形答：AC）,原棚户区建筑用地ABCD 的面积为2)k m . (7)分（2）解法1：由条件及“同弧所对的圆周角相等”得60P B ∠=∠=︒.要使棚户区改造后的新建筑用地APCD 的面积更大，必须使APC ∆的面积最大，即点P 到AC 的距离最大，从而点P 在弦AC 的垂直平分线上，即.PA PC = (10)分于是APC ∆为等边三角形，2()AC = (12)分因此，棚户区改造后的新建筑用地APCDADC S ∆+==即当APC ∆为等边三角形时，新建筑用地APCD 2).k m ……14分（2）解法2：由条件及“同弧所对的圆周角相等”得60P B ∠=∠=︒. 设1,(,0),sin .2APC PA u PC v u v S uv P ∆==>=⋅∠=则 ……9分在APC ∆中，由余弦定理，有222227=2cos),APC AC u v uv P u v uv uv∆=+-⋅∠=+-≥==故APCS∆≤当且仅当u v==. (12)分因此，棚户区改造后的新建筑用地APCDADCS∆+==即当APC∆为等边三角形时，新建筑用地APCD2).k m (14)分20．（本题满分16分）本题共3小题，第1小题5分，第2小题5分，第3小题6分.（第20题图1）（第20题图2）解：（1）易知(1,0),F设11(,),(,),M x y P x y则由M为线段FP的中点，得11111212.022xx x xy y yy+⎧=⎪=-⎧⎪⇒⎨⎨+=⎩⎪=⎪⎩……2分于是，由点11(,)P x y在椭圆22:12xyΓ+=上，得22(21)(2)12xy-+=，即点M的轨迹方程为22(21)82x y-+=. ……5分证：（2）当过点F的直线与x轴重合时，点P与S重合，点,Q S分别为椭圆在x轴的两个顶点，显然点,,Q S R共线.当过点F的直线与x轴不重合时，设其方程为11221,(,),(,),x m y P x y Q x y=+且则11(,),S x y-由221,1,2x m yxy=+⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩得22(2)210m y my++-=，显然0.∆>所以 12122221,,22my y y y m m +=-=-++ 于是 22221111(2,)(1,),(2,)(1,),RQ x y my y RS x y my y =-=-=--=--故 22112211,,2121RQ RS y y y y k k x my x my --====---- (8)分所以21121221122()0,11(1)(1)RQ RS y y my y y y k k my my my my -+-=+==----即RQ RS k k =，因此点,,Q S R 共线. ……10分证：（3）由T 是直线:2l x =上的点，可设其坐标为(2,).t当过点F 的直线与x轴重合时，有(P Q 从而+2,,21PT QT FT tk k t k t ====-故 2.PT QT FS k k k += (12)分当过点F 的直线与x 轴不重合时，其方程为11221,(,),(,),x m y P x y Q x y =+且有11221122,,,212121PT QT FT y t y t y t y t tk k k t x my x my ----======----- 由(2)知12122221,,22my y y y m m +=-=-++ 于是 121221121221212121222222222()(1)()(1)2(1)()211(1)(1)()122(1)24(1)222222(1)122PT QT FTy t y t y t my y t my my y t m y y tk k my my my my m y y m y y m m t m tt m m m t k m m m m m ----+---++++=+==-----+++-+++++====+-++++即2,PT QT FS k k k +=综合上述，得,,PT FT QT k k k 成等差数列. ……16分21. (本题满分18分) 本题共3小题，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题8分. 解：（1）由条件，知A 1S ,1.A ≤∈必有又12n a a a <<<均为正整数，故1=1.a ……2分由条件，知A 2S ,≤故由A S 的定义及12n a a a <<<均为正整数，2,A ∈必有于是2=2.a……4分证：（2）必要性由“123,,,,na aa a 成等差数列”及12=1,=2a a 得=(1,2,,).i a i i n =此时{}1,2,3,,1,A n n =-，满足题设条件；从而12112(1).2A n S a a a n n n =+++=+++=+ ……7分充分性由条件知12n a a a <<<，且它们均为正整数，可得(1,2,,)i a i i n ≥=，故 112(1)2A S n n n ≥+++=+当且仅当(1,2,,)i a i i n ==时，上式等号成立.于是当1(1)2A S n n =+时,=(1,2,,)i a i i n =，从而123,,,,n a a a a 成等差数列.因此 “123,,,,n a a a a 成等差数列”的充要条件是“1(1)2A S n n =+”. ……10分证：(3)由于n 元集合A 的非空子集的个数为21,n-故当10n =时,10211023,-=此时A 的非空子集的元素之和最多表示出1023个不同的正整数,m 不符合要求. ……12分而用11个元素的集合{}1,2,4,8,1632641282565121024M =，，，，，，的非空子集的元素之和可以表示2047个正整数：1,232046,2047.,,,因此当2018A S =时，n 的最小值为11. ……14分当2018A S =，n 取最小值11时，设101210,S a a a =+++由题设得10112018,S a +=并且10111.S a +≥事实上，若10111,S a +<则101111112019201821,2S a a a =+<-⇒>由11,a N *∈故111010.a ≥此时101008,S ≤从而1009m =时，其无法用A 的非空子集的元素之和表示，与题意矛盾！于是由10112018,S a +=与10111,S a +≥可得 101111112019201821,2S a a a =+≥-⇒≤故由11,a N *∈得111009.a ≤ ……16分当11=1009a 时，用{}1,2,4,8,163264128256,498,1009A =，，，，的非空子集的元素之和可以表示出1,2,3，…，2017,2018中的每一个数.因此，当2018A S =时，n 的最小值为11，n a 的最大值为1009. ……18分。

上海市虹口区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末教学质量监控试题(含答案)

上海市虹口区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监控测试生命科学试题一、选择题1. 如图示一种多糖的结构，该多糖（）A. 普遍存在于动植物细胞中B. 是麦芽糖C. 由多个葡萄糖脱水缩合而成D. 经班氏试剂鉴定呈砖红色【答案】C2. 如图显示蛋白质代谢的部分过程，其中X是（）A. 氨基B. 二碳化合物C. 碳链D. CO2【答案】A3. 下列关于病原菌的叙述，错误的是（）A. 致病性是病原菌的重要属性B. 菌毛和荚膜关联着细菌的毒力C. 病原菌一旦感染人体必然使人患病D. 各种病原菌定居在人体内各种适宜的组织环境中【答案】C4. 如图是一种单体的结构简图，以此为基本单位构成的化合物不存在于（）A. 蓝细菌中B. 噬菌体中C. 烟草花叶病毒中D. 人体肝细胞中【答案】B5. 如图为无氧条件下发生的化学反应，该反应（）A. 不需要氧气参与，所以不属于氧化分解反应B. 发生在细胞质基质中，仅是无氧条件下能发生的过程C. 能产生热能和少量的ATPD. 所产生的丙酮酸脱去一个CO2后，可转变为乳酸【答案】C6. 人体汗液中的酸性分泌物可以抑制多种微生物在皮肤上的生长，这种免疫方式属于（）A. 非特异性免疫B. 特异性免疫C. 二次免疫D. 人工免疫【答案】A7. 下列关于生物体中酶的叙述，正确的是（）A. 胃蛋白酶只有进入消化管后才具有活性B. 活细胞产生的酶在生物体外没有活性C. 酶的活性部位可与多种底物契合D. 唾液淀粉酶催化反应的最适温度和最适保存温度是37℃【答案】A8. 将洋葱鳞叶表皮细胞置于某种浓度的蔗糖溶液中10min后，在显微镜下观察到的物像如图，则（）A. 此细胞正在渗透吸水B. ②中溶液浓度低于蔗糖溶液浓度C. ①结构的面积正逐步变大D. 此时有水分子在进出细胞【答案】D9. 如图表示不同浓度生长素对芽生长的影响。

当植物表现出顶端优势时，顶芽和最靠近顶芽的侧芽所含生长素的浓度依次分别为（）A. a和bB. b和aC. b和cD. c和b【答案】C10. 如图表示人体注射白喉毒素疫苗及随后受到白喉杆菌感染时所发生的免疫反应。

最新上海市虹口区2018学年第一学期期末教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷上课讲义

上海市虹口区2018学年第一学期期末教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷 2018.12I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a kindergarten. B. In a hospital.C. At a police station.D. In a library.2. A. A journalist. B. A tailor. C. An electrician. D. An operator.3. A. Her glasses are broken. B. She can’t see the time on the sign.C. She loses her glasses.D. The museum is out of sight.4. A. The kids will enjoy the movie.B. The movie will be quite boring.C. The kids will be surprised at the movie.D. The movie will not be suitable for kids to see.5. A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Unclear.6. A. He isn’t an experienced skier.B. He has never been to Central Mountains.C. He doesn’t plan to go skiing during spring break.D. He doesn’t recommend going to Central Mountains.7. A. The bad weather stopped him. B. His shoes were worn out.C. He didn’t like hiking trip.D. He was too exhausted to continue.8. A. The woman is afraid of the potential noise.B. The woman doesn’t like living in the suburbs.C. The woman has sleeping problems.D. The woman will sign the rental contract.9. A. Make up for the inconvenience. B. Arrange accommodation for him.C. Explain the cause of the cancellation.D. Allow him to take another flight that night.10. A. All work requires high speed.B. Working too fast may lead to undesirable outcomes.C. The result may not be as bad as the man has expected.D. You can never lay too much emphasis on the fast speed.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It can work automatically.B. Its battery can run all night.C. It can clean the office windows.D. It cleans as fast as human cleaners.12. A. To start a robot cleaning company.B. To develop a better model for the market.C. To increase the profit of the robotic business.D. To develop a long-lasting battery for the current model.13. A. Its work efficiency. B. Its appearance. C. Its sense of direction. D. Its robotic arm.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Encouraging physical activity. B. Ensuring a healthy lifestyle.C. Reducing the risk of bone weakening.D. Protecting them from fatal diseases.15. A. Women’s change in a day. B. The damage of depression.C. The proper use of certain chemicals.D. The healthiest place in the office.16. A. Whether it is a useful item. B. Whether it is to receivers’ taste.C. Whether it is a general gift.D. Whether it is at a reasonable price.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Fill in an application form.B. Send in an application letter.C. Make an appointment for an interview.D. Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.18. A. Someone having a college degree in advertising.B. Someone experienced in business management.C. Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D. Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.19. A. Travel opportunities. B. Decent pay.C. Prospects for promotion.D. Flexible working hours.20. A. It is to be negotiated.B. It is about 500 pounds a week.C. It depends on the working hours.D. It will be set by the Human Resources.II. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Dear headmaster,On hearing the news that a Reading Festival is to be held on campus on the World Book and Copyright Day and the possible project is open to be recommended, I (21) ______ hardly wait to write to you, sharing my humble opinions.As far as I’m concerned, the theme of the festival can be “sharing”, primarily (22) ______ (consist) of three parts. Firstly, the festival can start with a 30-minute discussion where groups of students can exchange and share what they (23) ______ (expose) to recently, expressing themselves freely. Following this section is the speech. Teacher and student representatives previously selected by us are to share and recommend the book they think really deserving to be read. It’s needless to say that the last sharing section which is the most meaningful is donation, during (24) ______ time everyone present, teachers or students, is expected to donate one or more books to the library. As for when (25) ______ (hold) the activity, the afternoon may be an ideal choice so that it won’t interrupt our classes.My advice is justified by the following reasons. First and foremost, it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have a thorough idea (26) ______ our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey. So it is (27) ______ the books recommended. Named by those “idols” in our mind, they will definitely win our heart. As for the donation, the benefits are exactly self-evident. (28) ______ ______ can we share beyond our class or even beyond our school, developing a good campus tradition, but (29) ______ (importantly), these books which are sure to be dusted on our shelves can now be of more value.I’m looking forward to your favorable reply. And (30) ______ is my sincere hope that the festival can be a great success and we can gain a lot from it.Yours,Amy YoungSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. deliberateB. distinctionC. polishD. creditE. dependentF. occasionallyG. feasibilityH. shiftI. fulfillingJ. signalsK. continuouslyOvercoming Obstacles: How Y our Biggest Failure Can Lead to Y our SuccessThere’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where __31__ is given for people’s accomplishments, failin g feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is __32__ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through __33__ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you __34__ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary __35__ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win __36__, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to __37__. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to __38__ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure __39__ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the __40__ of your goal and even set a new one.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though __41__ you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are __42__ in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would __43__ many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine (咖啡因) as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance, __44__ nut rient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well __45__ the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes __46__ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’ diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. __47__, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium (钙). Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume __48__ amounts of caffeine a day (≤100 mg).Caffeine’s __49__According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are __50__ to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after __51__, thus causing teens’ worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep __52__ proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning (突触修剪) when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a __53__. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that __54__ to reduce swelling (肿块).Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish (无精打采的), you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other __55__ ways to boost energy so that you can master adulting better than many adults.41. A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially42. A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined43. A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude44. A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage45. A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to46. A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection47. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise48. A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable49. A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages50. A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed51. A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption52. A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to53. A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute54. A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen55. A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternativeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There aren’t m any actors around the world who have enough self confidence to turn down an offer from Steven Spielberg. Maybe that was why Juliette Binoche gave him a choice. She said she’d be happy to be in Jurassic Park as long as she could play a dinosaur. Of course he turned her down and it was probably a good thing.It’s difficult to imagine Juliette ripping people apart with her teeth. However, her decision doesn’t seem to have done her career any harm. She has gone on to make a string of hits, including The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The English Patient (for which she won an Oscar) and Chocolat.Success in the United States has not been so easy for other foreign stars. Gerald Depardieu is a good example. Since his first film in 1967, his filmography (影片集锦) lists 172 acting credits. But he has struggled on the other side of the pond. While some of his films have been popular in the US, they have usually been French films that travelled. One possible exception was Green Card, directed by Peter Weir, where he plays a French immigrant who goes through a fake wedding in order to stay and work in the United States. This is a predictable but sweet romantic comedy which typecasts (分配同一类型角色) its lead actors in terms of national stereotypes. While some reviewers were kind, others shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance.While Monsieur Depardieu hasn’t received the recognition he would have liked in the United States, one Mexican actor has achieved almost instant success. Gael Garcia Bernal first gained recognition in Amores Perros in 2000 and a year later in Y tu mama tambien. Since then he has appeared with hometown hero, Brad Pitt in Babel and, under the direction of top producer and director, Jim Jarmusch, he starred in Limits of Control. He hasn’t picked up an Oscar yet, but he was nominated for a BAFTA (英国电影电视艺术学院奖) in 2005 for his performance as the South American hero revolutionary Che Guevara, in Motorcycle Diaries. In the same year he played American music icon Elvis Presley in The King.56. It can be inferred from the passage that Juliette Binoche ______.A. very much wanted to be in Jurassic ParkB. didn’t want to be in Jurassic ParkC. really wanted to play a dinosaur in Jurassic ParkD. was hesitant whether she could play a dinosaur well57. Acco rding to the writer, Gerald Depardieu’s most popular films ______.A. have been made in HollywoodB. have only been seen in EuropeC. have been made in France, but seen in other countries, tooD. have been made in Hollywood, but well received in France58. The last sentence in Para 2 “others shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance” means others thought Depardieu’s performance and the film were ______.A. complexB. interestingC. terribleD. impressive59. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to suggest that ______.A. Foreign actors generally do well in the United StatesB. American actors are able to earn more money than foreign actorsC. Foreign actors are playing an irreplaceable role in the United StatesD. a successful career in Europe or Latin America doesn’t guarantee success in the USA(B)You are going to read three competitions which offer holidays as prizes.Competition OneCompetition TwoCompetition Three60. Which competition extract(s) describe(s) what will happen on the flight?A. Competition One.B. Competition Two.C. Competition Three.D. Competition One and Two.61. Which holiday prize(s) will offer you the chance to stay longer than a week?A. Competition One.B. Competition Two.C. Competition One and Three.D. Competition One and Two.62. If you want to exercise during the holiday, which competition(s) will you take part in?A. Competition One.B. Competition Two.C. Competition One and Three.D. Competition One and Two.(C)The purpose of a map is to express graphically the relations of points and features on the earth’s surface to each other. These are determined by distance and direction. In early times dist ance was often expressed in units of time, for example “so many hours’ march” or “a day’s journey by river”, but such measurements gave more information about the relative ease of crossing the local terrain than they did about actual distance. The other element is direction, but for the ordinary traveller, whose main concern was “Where do I go from here?” and “How far away is it?”, the accurate representation of direction was not of primary importance. Partly for this reason, written itineraries (行程) for a long time rivaled maps. Even today, certain types of maps, for example, those showing railway systems, may make little attempt to show true directions. Similarly, obvious landmarks along a route were at first indicated by signs, realistic or conventional (惯常的), and varied in size to indicate their importance. Clearly the conventions employed varied with the purpose of the map, and also from place to place, so that in studying early maps the first essential is to understand the particular convention employed.The history of cartography (制图) is largely that of the increase in the accuracy with which these elements of distance and direction are determined and in the comprehensiveness of the map content. In this development, cartography has called in other sciences to its aid. For example, instead of determining direction by observing the position of a shadow at midday, or of a constellation (星座) in the night sky, or even of a steady wind, use was made of terrestrial magnetism (地磁学) through the magnetic compass, and instruments were evolved which enabled horizontal angles to be calculated with great accuracy.The application of astronomical concepts, and the extension of the knowledge of the world through exploration, encouraged attempts to map the known world. Then astronomers discovered that the earth is not a perfect sphere, but is flattened slightly at the poles, which introduced further refinements into the mapping of large areas. Meanwhile, the demands being made of the map maker were shifting significantly. The traveller or the merchant ceased to be the sole user of maps. The soldier, especially after the introduction of artillery, and the problems of range, field of fire, and dead ground which it raised, demanded an accurate representation of the surface features, in place of the earlier conventional or pictorial delineation (描绘), and a solution in any degree satisfactory was not reached until the contour (等高线) was invented.63. Why might early maps have been misleading?A. Distances could not be calculated reliably.B. They were based on written itineraries.C. They were drawn by ordinary travelers.D. Distances tended to be overestimated.64. What problem did early maps exhibit when showing landmarks?A. The signs used bore little relation to the landmarks.B. The selection of landmarks was faulty.C. They used symbols that were not standardized.D. They sometimes included unimportant features.65. In the second paragraph, the writer says that ______ made better quality map-making easier.A. a greater understanding of climatic factorB. greater accuracy in draughtsmanship (绘图术)C. more accuracy in measurementD. more intensive map production66. What encouraged the search for a more precise means of mapping the physical geography of the landscape?A. Discovery in astronomy.B. The growth of mathematical science.C. The activities of the great explorers.D. Military considerations.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.B. Make a plan to get off campus and explore your surroundings.C. If you’re averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.D. If you’re feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don’t punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their limits.E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.F. Actually, it is possible to shorten sleep time by up to 1 hour without the risk of sleep deprivation (剥夺) if you know how to have high quality sleep.Self-Care Strategies for College StudentsMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. (67) ______ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. (68) ______Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to centeryourself and destress. (69) ______ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do yo u really get each night? (70) ______ By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need co nsistent sleep to operate at optimum levels –you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare VirtueMost of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints (打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊): we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship (企业家精神). Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the ‘holy curiosity’. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? ...And if you see learning as a burden, ther e’s no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72、他刚要关闭电脑，就在这时手机响了。

上海高三生物第一学期期末考试试卷含答案精校打印版

虹口区第一学期期终高三年级生命科学学科教学质量监控测试题（本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）第Ⅰ卷（共60分）考生注意：第一卷由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

一、单选题（共60分。

每小题只有一个正确选项）（一）1分题（共8题）1.下列有关生命科学发展历史的描述，不正确的是（）A. 17世纪显微镜的发明，使生命科学的研究进入了细胞水平B. 在生命科学发展的早期，主要采用描述法和实验法对生物体的结构进行观察和记录C. 孟德尔用豌豆杂交实验揭示了生物遗传的基本规律D. DNA双螺旋结构模型的提出，使生命科学的研究进入到分子水平2.下列物质不在核糖体上合成的是（）A. 麦芽糖酶B. 核糖核酸C. 胰岛素D. 载体蛋白3. 洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂的分裂期中，每个细胞内DNA分子数和染色体数不同的时期是（）A. 前期和中期B. 中期和后期C. 中期和末期D. 后期和末期4. 在下列细胞的结构中，不可能产生CO2的是（）A. 豌豆细胞的细胞质基质B. 人体细胞的线粒体C. 乳酸菌的细胞质基质D. 酵母菌的细胞质基质5. 将一株植物在黑暗环境中放置48小时，然后将一片叶的主脉切断（如图）在阳光下照射4小时，将此叶片脱色处理后，再用碘液处理，结果a部呈棕褐色，b部呈蓝色。

这个实验证明了光合作用需要（）A. 光B. CO2C. 水D. 叶绿素6. 下列现象中，最能说明植物生长素低浓度促进生长，高浓度抑制生长“两重性”现象的是（）A. 茎的向光性和背地性B. 顶端优势C. 根的向地性和向水性D. 含羞草的小叶受刺激立即下垂7. 能够识别抗原的细胞是（）①吞噬细胞②T细胞③B细胞④记忆细胞⑤浆细胞⑥致敏T细胞A. ①②③④⑥B. ②③④⑤⑥C. ②③④⑤D. ①②③④⑤8. 下列哪项不是基因工程中经常使用的用来运载目的基因的载体（）A. 细菌质粒B. 噬菌体C.动植物病毒D.细菌核区的DNA（二）2分题（共20题）9. 下列叙述中，哪项是淀粉、纤维素和糖元的共同特征（）A.都是细胞内储存能量的主要物质B.都含有C、H、O、N 4种元素C.基本组成单位都是五碳糖D.基本组成单位都是六碳糖10. 大豆根尖细胞所含的核酸中，含有碱基A 、G 、C 、T 的核苷酸种类数共有（） A. 4 B. 5 C.7 D.811. 从某腺体的细胞中，提取出附着有核糖体的内质网，放入含有放射性标记的氨基酸的培养液中。

上海市虹口区2018届高三上学期期末教学质量监控语文试题含答案

虹口区2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三语文试卷（满分150分，时间150分钟） 2017.12一积累运用 10分1.按要求填空（5分）（1）____________________，师不必贤于弟子。

（韩愈《师说》）（2）鸟雀呼晴，___________________。

（周邦彦《_____________》）（3）李商隐的《夜雨寄北》中“何当共剪西窗烛，却话半山夜雨时”以想象表达憧憬，抒发思念之情，曲折深婉，余味无穷。

杜甫《月夜》中运用了同样手法的一联是“_______________,_______________。

”2.按要求选择。

（5分）（1）下列各句中，所引诗词符合语境的一项是（）。

（2分）A.“不畏浮云遮望眼，自缘身在最高层”，只要我们掌握了正确的思维方法，认识达到了一定的高度，能够透过现象看到本质，就不会被假象迷惑。

B.“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来。

”长江之所以波澜壮阔是因为不拒绝细流，学习也是如此，广泛汲取知识才能丰富自己。

C.在奋斗过程中，我们必定会经受许多挫折和失败，只要我们坚信“行到水穷处，坐看云起时”，树立信心，鼓足勇气，一定会有成功的一天。

D.爷爷生日宴上，小明激情洋溢地说“花甲喜循环，风霜变老颜”，感谢大家百忙之中来参加我爷爷的古稀寿宴，让我们一起祝福爷爷生日快乐！（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）。

（3分）盛唐的书法，不再只是坚持“楷”的法度。

_____________。

颜真卿的《祭侄文稿》是领略唐代书法“尚意”美学的最好作品。

A.书写者也开始追求内在情绪真实的表现，追求书法随情感而流动的变化B.也开始追求书法随情感而流动的变化，追求内在情绪真实的表现C.书写者也开始追求书法随情感而流动的变化，追求内在情绪真实的表现D.开始追求内在情绪真实的表现，追求书法随情感而流动的变化二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

（15分）和谐天人：对自然的亲近——感悟我们身边的传统节日①今天,我们为什么还要过传统节日？在今天的历史条件下,我们怎样过传统节日？②为了让我们的话题变得轻松,先来个“说文解字．．．．”吧！“节日”这词从哪里来,是怎么组合成的？“节”字的原义是什么？节日的“节”字,原本指竹子长叶、分叉的那个地方。

教育最新K12上海市虹口区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末教学质量监控试题

上海市虹口区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末教学质量监控试题一、选择题1. 如图示一种多糖的结构，该多糖（）A. 普遍存在于动植物细胞中B. 是麦芽糖C. 由多个葡萄糖脱水缩合而成D. 经班氏试剂鉴定呈砖红色【答案】C2. 如图显示蛋白质代谢的部分过程，其中X是（）A. 氨基B. 二碳化合物C. 碳链D. CO2【答案】A3. 下列关于病原菌的叙述，错误的是（）A. 致病性是病原菌的重要属性B. 菌毛和荚膜关联着细菌的毒力C. 病原菌一旦感染人体必然使人患病D. 各种病原菌定居在人体内各种适宜的组织环境中【答案】C4. 如图是一种单体的结构简图，以此为基本单位构成的化合物不存在于（）A. 蓝细菌中B. 噬菌体中C. 烟草花叶病毒中D. 人体肝细胞中【答案】B5. 如图为无氧条件下发生的化学反应，该反应（）A. 不需要氧气参与，所以不属于氧化分解反应B. 发生在细胞质基质中，仅是无氧条件下能发生的过程C. 能产生热能和少量的ATPD. 所产生的丙酮酸脱去一个CO2后，可转变为乳酸【答案】C6. 人体汗液中的酸性分泌物可以抑制多种微生物在皮肤上的生长，这种免疫方式属于（）A. 非特异性免疫B. 特异性免疫C. 二次免疫D. 人工免疫【答案】A7. 下列关于生物体中酶的叙述，正确的是（）A. 胃蛋白酶只有进入消化管后才具有活性B. 活细胞产生的酶在生物体外没有活性C. 酶的活性部位可与多种底物契合D. 唾液淀粉酶催化反应的最适温度和最适保存温度是37℃【答案】A8. 将洋葱鳞叶表皮细胞置于某种浓度的蔗糖溶液中10min后，在显微镜下观察到的物像如图，则（）A. 此细胞正在渗透吸水B. ②中溶液浓度低于蔗糖溶液浓度C. ①结构的面积正逐步变大D. 此时有水分子在进出细胞【答案】D9. 如图表示不同浓度生长素对芽生长的影响。

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BC时间段中识别白喉杆菌的免疫细胞是（）A. B淋巴细胞B. T淋巴细胞C. 记忆B细胞D. 浆细胞【答案】C11. 下列关于人体激素、来源和作用对应正确的是（）A.B.C.D.【答案】C12. 在“观察牛蛙的脊髓反射现象”实验中，对脚趾皮肤进行环割剥除是为了研究（）A. 脊髓在反射活动中的作用B. 感受器在反射活动中的作用C. 效应器在反射活动中的作用D. 传入神经在反射活动中的作用【答案】B13. 小萌的手不小心碰到滚烫热水，她会立即缩回手并马上用冷水冲洗，小萌的反应（）A. 前者是条件反射B. 前者与脊髓活动无关C. 后者是非条件反射D. 后者与大脑皮质活动有关【答案】D14. 人体在剧烈运动时血压升高，原因是（）A. 血管弹性增强B. 血管管径变小C. 心跳速率加快D. 血液总量增加【答案】C...........................15. 图中字母表示各种体液。

各种体液之间电解质浓度差别最大的一组是（）A. c与b中的HCO3－B. b与a中的蛋白质C. c与b中的Cl－D. b与d中的Na＋【答案】B16. 下列关于人体内血脂代谢及其调节的叙述，错误的是（）A. 血液中的甘油三酯可以来自于小肠中形成的乳糜微粒B. 血液中高密度脂蛋白携带胆固醇运送至全身组织C. 脂肪细胞中甘油三酯与葡萄糖可以相互转化D. 胰高血糖素促进甘油三酯的分解【答案】B17. 如图表示水和电解质平衡的调节过程。

下列叙述错误的是（）A. 血浆渗透压升高时，结构A的分泌活动加强B. 大量饮水后，激素X在血液中含量增加C. 激素X的作用结果是尿量减少D. 在肾小管中可吸收全部的葡萄糖和氨基酸【答案】B18. 某同学从室温20℃的教室来到0℃的室外操场，机体出现的调节过程是（）A. 产热量大于散热量B. 肾上腺素分泌量增加C. 散热量大于产热量D. 皮肤血流加快以维持皮肤温度【答案】B19. 如图是脂蛋白的结构示意图，有关脂蛋白的说法正确的是（）A. 脂蛋白是血液中脂质的总称B. ①是胆固醇分子，④是蛋白质分子C. ③的含量越多脂蛋白的密度就越低D. 脂蛋白沉积在血管壁上会引起血管硬化【答案】C20. 下丘脑在人体生命活动中具有重要作用，下列分析正确的是（）A. 下丘脑参与升血糖的调节过程是激素调节B. 下丘脑中含有内分泌细胞和神经细胞C. 下丘脑分泌促肾上腺素释放激素D. 下丘脑中的冷感受器和温感受器参与调节体温【答案】B二、综合题（一）回答有关血糖平衡及其调节的问题。

正常人空腹时，100mL血液中含葡萄糖约80~110mg。

甲乙两人体重相等，同时空腹口服100克葡萄糖，随后测定两人的血糖变化情况，如图1。

图2示胰岛细胞分泌激素作用于靶细胞从而调节血糖平衡。

据图分析回答。

21. 图1中0~0.5小时内，甲乙两人的血糖浓度快速升高，其主要生理过程是_______。

A. 葡萄糖在小肠中分解转化为血糖B. 葡萄糖经小肠粘膜细胞主动运输吸收后进入血液C. 小肠中葡萄糖快速扩散进入血液D. 肝糖原分解和小肠吸收的葡萄糖进入血液22. 图1中受试者乙在0.5~ 4小时内，血糖浓度逐渐下降，此时图2中起作用的激素H是______，其靶细胞是___________________。

乙在4-5小时中血糖浓度有所上升，此时血糖来源于___________________________________________________________。

23. 图1中可能患有糖尿病的是___________（甲/乙）。

若图2代表在激素作用下降血糖的调节过程，试据图分析糖尿病患者血糖水平偏高可能的原因：①_____________________________________；②_____________________________________。

【答案】21. B 22. (1). 胰岛素 (2). 肝细胞、肌细胞、脂肪细胞 (3). 肝糖原水解为血液提供葡萄糖；脂肪细胞中甘油三酯水解为脂肪酸和甘油并转变成葡萄糖进入血液及其他非糖物质的转变23. (1). 甲 (2). 胰岛细胞不能分泌激素H（胰岛素）或分泌量不足 (3). 靶细胞对激素H（胰岛素）缺乏反应能力【解析】由图可知，甲的血糖浓度明显高于正常人，说明甲的胰脏异常，胰岛素分泌不足，调节血糖浓度的反应较慢，且无法使血糖浓度降回正常范围，血糖浓度超过150mg；乙的血糖浓度处于正常范围内，说明乙的胰脏正常，胰岛素分泌正常，调节血糖浓度的反应较快，能快速使血糖浓度降回正常范围，具有调节血糖浓度的功能。

21. 血液中的葡萄糖为血糖，是不能被水解的单糖，A错误；小肠中的食物被水解成葡萄糖，葡萄糖通过主动运输进入血液，导致血糖浓度升高，B正确；葡萄糖进入血液的方式是主动运输，C错误；当血糖浓度不足、未进食的前提条件下，肝糖原才会水解产生葡萄糖，补充血糖浓度，D错误。

22. 图1中受试者乙在0.5~ 4小时内，血糖浓度逐渐下降，是胰岛素作用的结果，即图2中激素H是胰岛素，其作用的靶细胞是肝细胞、肌细胞、脂肪细胞；乙在4-5小时中血糖浓度有所上升，又因为胰高血糖素促进肝糖原水解为血液提供葡萄糖、促进脂肪细胞中甘油三酯水解为脂肪酸和甘油并转变成葡萄糖进入血液及其他非糖物质的转变。

23. 根据以上分析已知，甲的血糖浓度高于正常值，可能是糖尿病患者；糖尿病患者血糖浓度较高的原因可能是：①胰岛细胞不能分泌激素H（胰岛素）或分泌量不足；②靶细胞对激素H（胰岛素）缺乏反应能力。

【点睛】解答本题的关键是掌握血糖调节的机理，根据正常人的血糖浓度分为和图1中的两条曲线图判断甲乙分别是患者和正常人。

（二）回答下列有关神经系统中信息传递与调节的问题。

神经递质在神经元之间兴奋传递的过程中起到关键作用。

如图是正在传递兴奋的突触结构的局部放大示意图，据图回答问题。

抑郁症是一种常见的情感性精神障碍疾病，患者脑神经元兴奋性下降。

近年来，医学研究表明，抑郁症与单胺类神经递质传递功能下降相关。

单胺氧化酶是一种单胺类神经递质的降解酶。

单胺氧化酶抑制剂（MAOID）是目前一种常用抗抑郁药。

24. 图中，①是突触_____膜，其正以________方式释放神经递质至___________。

25. 神经递质为小分子化合物，但仍以图所示方式释放，其意义是_________（多选）。

A. 短时间内可大量释放B. 避免被神经递质降解酶降解C. 有利于神经冲动快速传递D. 减少能量的消耗26. 若图中的神经递质释放会导致细胞Y兴奋，比较释放前后细胞Y的膜内Na+浓度变化和电位的变化：______________________________________。

27. 神经元之间兴奋传递易受多种因素影响，根据图推测，会阻碍兴奋传递的因素有_________（多选）。

A. 体内产生蛋白M抗体B. 某药物与蛋白M牢固结合C. 某毒素阻断神经递质的释放D. 某药物抑制神经递质降解酶的活性28. 结合图分析，MAOID改善抑郁症状的原因是：___________________________【答案】24. (1). 前 (2). 胞吐 (3). 突触间隙 25. AC26. 膜内Na十浓度由低变高，膜内电位由负变正 27. ABC28. MAOID能抑制单胺氧化酶活性，阻止脑内单胺类神经递质降解，增加脑内突触间隙单胺类神经递质的浓度，起抗抑郁作用【解析】神经元之间的结构为突触，包括突触前膜、突触间隙、突触后膜。

据图分析，细胞X 是突触前神经元，细胞Y是突触后神经元，①表示突触前膜，通过胞吐释放神经递质；蛋白M 表示神经递质的受体，能够与神经递质特异性结合，同时还是钠离子通道；突触间隙中的神经递质降解酶可以将神经递质降解，使得神经递质灭活。

24. 根据以上分析已知，①是突触前膜，其以胞吐的方式释放神经递质到突触间隙，再作用于突触后膜上特异性受体。

25. 物质神经递质X为小分子化合物，但仍以胞吐的方式释放，其意义是胞吐可以在短时间内大量释放神经递质，有利于神经冲动快速传递，故选AC。

26. 根据题意分析，图中的神经递质释后作用于突触后膜，引起突触后膜钠离子通道打开，钠离子内流，产生兴奋，因此神经递质释放前后细胞Y的膜内Na+浓度增加、并由负电位变成正电位。

27. 体内产生蛋白M抗体，会与蛋白M结合，则神经递质不能发挥作用，因此不能引起突触后膜兴奋，A正确；某药物与蛋白M牢固结合，则神经递质不能发挥作用，因此不能引起突触后膜兴奋，B正确；某毒素阻断神经递质的释放，则神经递质不能发挥作用，因此也不能引起突触后膜兴奋，C正确；某药物抑制神经递质降解酶的活性，则神经递质不会被降解，会持续性与突触后膜上的受体结合，引起突触后膜持续性兴奋，D错误。