2011浙大考博英语
考博士英语试题及答案
考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。
（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。
（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。
2011年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．“This light is too_____for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb?”said the elderly man.A．dimB．slightC．mildD．minute正确答案：A解析：A项意为“暗淡的”；B项意为“轻微的”；C项意为“温和的”；D 项意为“微小的”。
因此，A选项符合题意。
2．Mr. Smith asked his secretary to______a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.A．invadeB．installC．insertD．inject正确答案：C解析：A项意为“入侵”；B项意为“安装”；C项意为“插入”；D项意为“注射”。
因此，C选项符合题意。
3．We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be______and go another day.A．probableB．reliableC．flexibleD．feasible正确答案：C解析：A项意为“很有可能发生的”；B项意为“可靠的”；C项意为“灵活的”；D项意为“可行的”。
因此，C选项符合题意。
4．The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen______into human nature.A．intellectC．perceptionD．understanding正确答案：B解析：A项意为“智力、理解力”；B项意为“洞察力”，后面接介词into；C项意为“知觉、领悟力”，后面接介词of；D项意为“理解力”，后面接介词of。
浙江大学考博英语应考经验谈
中国考博辅导首选学校浙江大学考博英语应考经验谈我是2005年春博，已经顺利过关，我就来谈一谈浙大考博的感想吧。
其实在此之前我也参加了2004年秋博考试，但是因为基本没有准备，所以英语没过。
在总结了经验教训之后，我发现浙大考博关键在于导师和英语。
英语当然是一定要过的，虽然总体难度不算大，但听力单独画线是一个障碍，很多人就栽在上面了。
我这次以70/12顺利过关（今年分数线53/7），应该说除了幸运之外也是充分准备的结果。
考试题型都是很常见的，有选择、完形填空、阅读、汉译英等，选择以词汇为主，语法几乎不考。
词汇也没有必要去找所谓的大纲或去背GRE，词汇量大概8000～10000就可以了，我复习用的词汇手册是《征服考博英语考试10000词》，上面的信息足够用了，查起来也比较方便。
完型难度一般，应该与六级差不多。
阅读是个鸡肋，难度虽然不大，但分值较低，每一题才1分，真的很不爽。
复习可以用一般的六级和考硕、博的阅读练习。
汉译英是翻译一整篇短文，能找到的复习资料较少，建议可以看看TOEFL或GRE的作文。
联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八最后说说听力。
听力一直是我比较头大的，本来基础就不怎么样，浙大的听力还是带口音的，据说每次都是随便找个外教来念，录音质量也很差，这次录音里竟然还有电话铃声！不过复习有一本被众博友奉为经典的《实用听力》，里面的题型和考试一模一样，题材和难度也极其相似。
我是考试前1个月才开始听的，每天大概3～4小时，考试的时候感觉不是很好，但结果还算满意。
当然保险起见还是建议再多听其他材料。
实用听力》的mp3在浙大校园网可能有下载，买书最好托在杭州的熟人。
说到买《实用听力》这本书我还费了一番周折。
我是直接从浙大出版社邮购的，7月份寄钱，1星期后发货，收到后发现磁带里的内容不但是乱序排列，而且还缺内容。
后到浙大找出版社换，态度尚可但是一直缺货且不能退款，有一次听见里面的工人说，我这批货本来就是有问题的就不应该发出去，听罢当场ft～最后考试在即，实在等不及了，就换了mp3光盘（当时刚出）每天猛听。
(整理)年浙江大学考博英语真题答案.
2011年浙江大学浙大考博英语真题听力选择题原文2011年03月21日星期一15:53第一篇Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships.Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on most campuses.This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators —are the primary architects.It begins at home, where social and economic factors —such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers.31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that () .×正确答案为C[A] it is easy to be a college president[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ().×正确答案为C[A] inspiration[B] stimulation[C] escape[D] relaxation33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ().×正确答案为D[A] artists[B] experts[C] discoverers[D] designers34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?()×正确答案为B[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children.[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children.[C] Parents spend too much time watching television.[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of Neglect?"()×正确答案为C[A] They can't read or write well.[B] They can hardly find a good job.[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility.[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.第二篇Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers innot-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.A) wrongB) oversimplifiedC) misleadingD) unclear注：文章第一句32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________.A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB) the real value of conflictC) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict注：文章第二段33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC) different people resolve conflicts in different waysD) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict注：文章第三段34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______.A) there is no end of conflictB) expression of different opinions is encouragedC) decisions must be justifiableD) success lies in general agreement注：文章第四段，justifiable合法化35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________.A) seem to be difficult to satisfyB) are free to express diverse opinionsC) are less effective in making decisionsD) find it easier to reach agreementB C A D B第三篇Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows.Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, language arts, music, or art!Above all, go od science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation,is needed. (293 words)36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will _____.A. work in scientific research institutionsB. work at jobs closely related to scienceC. make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____.A. science is linked with many of the things they meetB. science is a very easy subject for them to learnC. they encounter the facts and principles of science dailyD. they are familiar with the process and spirit of science38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____.A. practicing communication skillsB. studying geographyC. taking art coursesD. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____.A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of othersB. tend to reach conclusions with certaintyC. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgmentsD. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the passage the writer seems to ______.A. prove that science is a successful course in schoolB. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in schoolC. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculumD. predict that children who learn science will be good scientists36-40 B A D D C2011年浙大考博真题英语完形填空题和部分阅读原文2011年03月23日星期三13:09The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 56 in the United States-about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people-is 57 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is 58 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 59 of American adults who are married 60 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remainunmarried 61 their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 62 in their lives. Experts 63 that about the same proportion of today’s young adults will eventually marry. The timing of marriage has varied 64 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 65 , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 66 in U.S. history. Today’s later age of marriage is 67 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before 68 . Experts do not agree on why the “marriage rush” of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a 69 to the return of peaceful and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 70 and war.56. A. rate B. ratio C percentage D. poll57. A. potentially B intentionally C. randomly D.substantially58 A. not any longer B. no more C. no longer D. not any more59 A. A proportion B. The proportion C. The number D. A number60 A. declined B .deteriorated C deduced D demolished61 A past B passing C throughout D through62 A period B level C point D respect63 A project B plan C promise D propose64 A unexpectedly B irregularly C flexibly D consistently65 A Beside B However C Whereas D Nevertheless66 A descendants B ascendants C population D generation67 A according to B in line with C based D caused by68 A and after B or after C or since D ever since69 A refusal B realization C response D reality70 A repression B aggression C restriction D depression答案：56.A. 57.D . 58.C. 59.B. 60. A. 61. C. 62. C. 63. A. 64.C. 65. B..66.D . 67. B . 68 .C. 69.C 70.D阅读题目不全相同，仅供参考Tattoos didn’t spring up with the dawn of biker gangs and rock ‘n’ roll bands. They’ve been around for a long time and had many different meanings over the course of history. For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians were the first people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C. “The Iceman,” as the specimen was dubbed, had several markings on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believed these tattoos were made in a curative effort. Being so advance, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C.. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs gave the practice a whole new angle. During the first millennium A.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers. In the Balkans, the Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status. Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art from when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesian word tattau, which means “to mark.”. Most of the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves and criminals. In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the person’s life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got married. Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globetrotting sailors. Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a “China station.” At first, sa ilors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo parlors were set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide. In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of thecriminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for being rough places full of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another. This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated with rebels and delinquents.21. According to the passage, tattoos were adopted for all of the following purposes EXCEPT_______A. To treat the disease.B. To challenge social mores.C. To record the footprints of one’s life.D. To adorn oneself.22. Tattoo was believed to be created ___________.A. together with biker gangs and rock ’n’ roll bandsB. in 1991 when a mummy was discoveredC. firstly in Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C.D. by Egyptians and Nubians23. In Japan, tattoos were accepted as ___________.A. a means of ornamentB. a symbol of magical powerC. a way of communicationD. a sign of success24. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A. Both China and Japan confined tattooing to marking criminals.B. Romans used tattoos for decoration.C. Sailors took tattoos as the gift for their friends and relatives.D. Tattoo parlors were usually found in downtown areas.25. Why did tattoos become associated with rebels and delinquents in New York?A. Because in the middle of the 19th century, criminals were usually tattooed by the government.B. Because sailors had tattoos and some of the sailors were guilty of some crime or another.C. Because tattoos were the marks for the members of certain organizations.D. Because Port authorities required the sailors to wear tattoos.答案bdaad。
浙大临床英语试卷(博士)
Part I Single Choices1.Which of the following is WRONG according to the principle ofcollecting specimen ? BA. Specimen should be collected timely and during the “window period”B. Specimen should be collected after antibioticsC. Avoid contaminating the specimenD. Specimen should be kept at appropriate temperature2.Uncontrolled growth, invasion and B are 3 malignant 恶性的properties of cancer.A. AbnormalB. Metastasis转移C. TransformationD. Prognosis预后3.Which one is NOT included in Routine Blood Chemsitry Items? CA. Magnesium 镁B. LDL cholesterol低密度胆固醇C. Aldosterone 醛固酮D. Creatinine肌酸酐3.Holter monitor is a small portable device with a recording systemcapable of storing up to 24 hours of B recordings.A. EKGB. Echocardiography超声心动C. AngiographyD. PCI4.Lipid profile does NOT include DA. Total cholesterol (TC)B. Triglyceride (TG)C. LDL-CD. Troponin I 肌钙蛋白5.Which one is NOT the trend of modern surgery DA. Diagnostic SurgeryB. Robotic SurgeryC. TransplantationD. Microinvasive Surgery微创外科6.angio- in（angiitis, angioplasty, angioma）means:A 血管A. vesselB. bloodC. lymphD. heart7.neuro- in（neurology, neuritis, neurosurgery）means:AA. nerveB. muscleC. brainD. spleen8.ectomy 切除术in（appendectomy, gastrectomy, hepatectomy）means:BA. inflammationB. removeC. openD. close9.Acute abdomen includes follows EXCEPT CA. Ectopic pregnancy 宫外孕B. Acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎C. Chronic cholecystitisD. Rupture of liverPart II Simple Questions1.What is core content of clinical thinking?Make determined diagnosis2.Why we need clinical thinking?1)Clinical diagnosis is the basic medical practice of physicians2)Proper diagnosis is the basis and premise of treatment3)The quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment is influenced by the service philosophy, professional knowledge and technic, clinical experience, ancillary equipment and so on.4)The results of misdiagnosis and mistreatment are serious: patients’ life and health is menaced, the doctors’ morality and justi ce is sullied How to use the methods of clinical thinking?1 diagnostic thinking:(1)history taking;(2)physical examination;(3)hypothesis of diagnosis;(4)developing a differential diagnosis;(5)searching the evidence;(6)select the related lab.tests and other techniques;2therapeutic thinking:3.What’s your opinion about Complete Doctor?First, they must be qualified doctors who have basic capabilities includingbasic story ,basic knowledge and basic skills and basic attitudes as follows:1)lifelong learning: recognizing medical learning is endless, to seriouslystudy.2)Responsibility: sense of justice and responsible for due diligence.3)An inquiring attitude: the patient mentors ,from human4)Open heart open minded5)Respect: respect your exposure to any one person,whatever hisorigin,status,wealth.6)The uncertainty in the ability to learn7)The accumulated experience and proficiencySecond, they must try their best to be good doctors who possess profound knowledge, exquisite medical skills and humanity.Third,they also need to qialify excellent personal qualities:1)to have modest ,diligent study of the spirit2)must be diligent with the brain,good at summing up3)observation4)imagination5)logical thinking, organizational skills, to avoid subjective judgementsForth, they must observe medical code of ethics1)as a doctor, they should always be for the interests of the patients, doeverything possible to relieve pain for patients: life-saving humanitarian 2)respect the patient’s personality and the right to treat patients equallyregardless of nationality ,gender, occupation, status, property status3)polite service. Dignified manners, language, civilization, the affable,sympathetic, caring and considerate of patients;4)integrity. Consciously abide by the law, do not accept patients with a redenvelope, dinner, not to patients or their families borrowed money and borrowed material;5)not to disclose patient privacy and confidentiality;6)to correctly handle the relationship between peer colleagues,mutual learning, solidarity and cooperation;7)rigorous and realistic, to forge ahead, to study medicine, and excellence.Constantly update their knowledge and improve skills.1.心肌梗死MI (myocardial infarction)；2.主治医生attending doctor；Resident physician 住院医师；3.哮喘asthma4.致癌作用Carcinogenic effect选择题：1、镭的发现之一是居里夫人，原名叫玛丽·斯可罗多夫斯卡2、词根前缀neutro 什么意思？中性3、词根后缀tachy什么意思？急速，加速，快速4、词根后缀ostomy什么意思？造瘘术，造口术5、心肌损伤标志物：1.心肌酶谱检测：天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）肌酸激酶（CK）肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）2．心肌蛋白检测：肌红蛋白（MYO）肌钙蛋白（CTn）C反应蛋白3.心肌血管标记物检测：4. 利钠肽（NP）：ANP：心钠素BNP：脑钠素CNP:C型利钠肽VNP:V-型利钠肽DNP: D-型利钠肽问答题：1、PET的临床应用答:其在临床主要用于肿瘤的早期定性诊断、分期和疗效评价,心肌细胞活性的判断,以及脑代谢与神经功能的研究。
浙大考博英语实用听力-答案
Test OneSection A-Section B1C ／2D ／3D ／4C ／5D ／6D ／7C ／8A／9B ／10C ／11C ／12B ／13A／14A／15B ／16A／17D ／18B ／19C ／20CSection CPart A1. a bright light2. face masks3. frightened4. piece of metal5. kind of souvenirPart B6. Italy7. four English victories, four ties8. 70,0009. at the 52nd minute10. 107Part C11C ／12A／13CPart D14D ／15C ／16B ／17E ／18ATest TwoSection A-Section B1C ／2A／3B ／4D ／5C ／6B ／7D ／8C ／9D ／10B ／11C ／12C ／13D ／14B ／15B ／16D ／17C ／18D ／19A／20BSection CPart A1. snow showers2. more consistent snowfall3. cloudy4. rain showers5. 89 degreesPart B6. at least 324 square miles7. an important earthquakes source8. magnitude, depth, the surface structures9. $358 million10. once every 500-2,000 yearsPart C11B ／12D ／13APart D14A／15B ／16C ／17ATest ThreeSection A-Section B1A／2D ／3B ／4D ／5B ／6B ／7D ／8D ／9C ／10D ／11C ／12C ／13B ／14D ／15A／16C ／17C ／18B ／19D ／20CSection CPart A1. on a picnic2. looking for firewood3. slowly as possible4. two small incisions / cuts5. the hospital overnightPart B6. early Saturday7. a merchant vessel8. mechanical problem9. 2910. immigrant smugglingPart C11D ／12B ／13APart D14C ／15A／16DTest FourSection A-Section B1B ／2C ／3B ／4A／5D ／6A／7C ／8C ／9C ／10C ／11B ／12C ／13C ／14D ／15C ／16D ／17A／18D ／19D ／20CSection CPart A1. a cooperation agreement2. broadband communications network3. negotiations and discussions4. technologies, management expertise5. responsible departmentsPart B6. a young architect7. old and lovely8. very frightened9. write his ghost a letter10. they lived happily togetherPart C11C ／12B ／13A／14DPart D15A／16C ／17DTest FiveSection A-Section B1B ／2C ／3D ／4C ／5D ／6A／7B ／8D ／9A／10D ／11B ／12B ／13A／14D ／15C ／16C ／17D ／18C ／19A／20DSection CPart A1. write2. a VCR3. purchase stolen goods4. get a bargain5. more theftsPart B6. with an enthusiastic smile7. he gave a lively commentary8. they smiled9. his dream was in jeopardy10. emotional intelligencePart C11A／12B / 13A / 14BPart D15A／16D ／17C ／18ATest SixSection A-Section B1C ／2A／3D ／4B ／5A／6C ／7C ／8A／9B ／10D ／11B ／12B ／13D ／14C ／15B ／16A／17A／18B ／19A／20BSection CPart A1. swept by emotion2. change a bad mood / change bad moods3. deal with / relieve4. more positive light5. distractionPart B6. a positive attitude7. gathering of enthusiasm, zeal, confidence8. clear goals, optimistic, can do attitude9. the situation, not themselves10. with effort and practicePart C11A／12A／13B ／14CPart D15B ／16D ／17B ／18CTest SevenSection A-Section B1C ／2B ／3C ／4C ／5A／6D ／7A／8D ／9D ／10B ／11B ／12A／13C ／14D ／15D ／16A／17A／18B ／19C ／20CSection CPart A1. delay impulse2. children / kids / preschoolers3. two fruit reward4. pursuing their goals5. through practicePart B6. others feel7. subtle, almost imperceptible8. academic I.Q. tests9. reliable networks10. interpersonal skills / emotional intelligencePart C11D ／12D ／13B ／14CPart D15C ／16C ／17D ／18ATest EightSection A-Section B1C ／2D ／3D ／4B ／5D ／6B ／7B ／8A／9D ／10A／11A／12C ／13A／14D ／15A／16D ／17C ／18C ／19D ／20ASection CPart A1. a good name2. unmarried mothers3. teenager drug abuse4. cultural influences5. sense of shamePart B6. to get comfort7. an adventurous and independent woman8. a master's degree in linguistics9. search and rescue work10. 100 times greaterPart C11D ／12C ／13A／14CPart D15C / 16A / 17B / 18DTest NineSection A-Section B1D ／2C ／3D ／4B ／5A／6C ／7A／8C ／9B ／10D ／11A／12D ／13A／14D ／15C ／16A／17C ／18C ／19B ／20DSection CPart A1. entertaining and constructive2. his marriage3. in 19654. vigorously condensing / focusing on essentials5. in 19 languagesPart B6. forgetting about calories7. a doctor8. that on the package's label9. 25 percent10. a strong willpower and persistencePart C11C / 12C / 13A / 14DPart D15B / 16B / 17D / 18DTest T enSection A-Section B1B ／2A／3D ／4C ／5C ／6B ／7A／8C ／9A／10D ／11B ／12C ／13A／14D ／15B ／16B ／17B ／18C ／19C ／20BSection CPart A1. the video tape recorder2. more efficient3. more than doubled4. rising Japanese company5. repeatable and editablePart B6. a dozen silicon chips7. creating the microprocessor8. by advertising in Electronic News9. the heart of computers10. a consultant in patent casesPart C11A / 12C / 13B / 14DPart D15B / 16C / 17D / 18C。
2011年考博英语复习(有答案)
2011通用考博完型、改错、语法课程讲义第一章：概况第三章：完形填空专项练习1、Passage 3(1)(2)(3) (2004清华大学)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 61 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 62 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 63 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 64 earlier than usual. When I 65 my cabin, I was surprised 66 that I was to havea companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 67 but there was a suitcase 68 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 69 ，except that he was wearing 70 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 71 whoever he was and did not say 72 As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 73 as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 74 was coming from the window opposite.I thought perhaps I had forgotten 75 the door, so I got up 76 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 77 the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 78 there. It took me a minute or two to 79 the door myself. I realized that my companion 80 through the window into the sea.61．A. reason B．motive C．cause D．sake 62．A. tired enough B．enough tired C．enough tiring D．enough tiring 63．A. is achieved B．finish C．is over D．is in the end64．A. quite B．rather C．fairly D．somehow 65．A. arrived in B．reached to C．arrived to D．reached at66．A. for seeing B．that I saw C．at seeing D．to see 67．A. being lonely B．to be lonely C．being alone D．to be alone 68．A. like B．as C．similar than D．the same that69．A. in each place B．for all parts C．somewhere D．anywhere 70．A. a so B．so C．such a D．such 71．A. treat together well B．pass together wellC．get on well together D．go by well together72．A. him a single word B．him not one wordC．a single word to him D．not one word to him73．A. up me B．up myself C．up to myself D．myselfup74．A. draft B．voice C．air D．sound75．A. to close B．closing C．to have to close D．forclosing76．A. to shut B．for shutting C．in shutting D．butshut77．A. while doing like that B．as I did like thatC．as I did so D．at doing so78．A. It was no one B．There was no oneC．It was anyone D．There was anyone79．A. remind to lock B．remember to lockC．remind locking D．remember locking80．A. had to jump B．was to have jumpedC．must have jumped D．could be jumped4、定语从句（1）1. The professor and her achievement ___ you told me about are admired by us allA. whoB. whichC. thatD. whom5. This is the best book ___ on the subject.A. which there isB. that there isC. which isD. what is2. I don’t suppose anything happens ___ he doesn’t foresee.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as5、定语从句练习 Unit1（1）15. This is the shop ___ I often speak to you.A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. in which16. This is the shop ___ I often buy food stuff.A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. to which10. There can’t be any life on Venus, ___ the temperature is as high as 900F.A whichB when C. where D there31. I have kept up a friendship with a girl who I was at school __twenty years ago.A. aboutB. sinceC. tillD. with6、定语从句（2）--三个重要的关系代词3. Such people __ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. thatB. whichC. asD. whatAs引导定语从句：eg. He is honest as we know.As we know he is honest.Passage 1Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th centuryand the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened1 . As was discussed before, it was not2 the 19th century that the newspaperbecame the dominant pre-electronic 3 ，following in the wake of the pamphletand the book and in the 4 of the periodical.As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became“personal” too, as well as 13 ，with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing .Passage13Families have also 13 changes these years．more families consist ofone-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to haveless supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 .13．A. survived B．noticed C．undertaken D．experienced14．A. contrarily B．consequently C．similarly D．simultaneously15．A. than B．that C．which D．as16．A. system B．structure C．concept D．heritage2. I don’t suppose anything happens ___ he doesn’t foresee.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as3. Such people __ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what11. The reason__ he died was lack of medical care.A. which B for that C as D why14. We may encounter situations ___ this principle cannot be applied.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as7、定语从句练习 Unit1（2）10. There can’t be any life on Venus, ___ the temperature is as high as 900F.A whichB when C. where D there25. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ___ his argument in favor ofthe new theory.A. which to base onB. on which to baseC. to base on whichD. which to be based on23. They will move into the new house next Friday, ____ it will be completely furnished.A. by the timeB. by which timeC. by that timeD. by this time20. The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree ___ the students’ potentiality is developed.A. of whichB. with whichC. in whichD. to which26. Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, ___ have been mentionedin previous pages.A. a few ofB. a few of whichC. a few of thatD. a few of them8、完形填空的出题方向（1）passage 5Are you always sure you know what people mean when they try to describe theirfeelings to you? We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but theproblem is the these words and gestures can be interpreted in different ways．It is true that a smile means the same things in any language. So 51 laughteror crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way differentanimals show the 52 feeling. Does, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably 53 such behavior patterns are inherited rather than 54 .Fear is another emotion that is shown in 55 the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English fiction, a phrase like he went pale and began to tremble' suggests that the man is 56 very afraid or has just had a very nasty shock. However,' he opened his eyes wide' is used to suggested anger in Chinese 57 in English it conveys surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like' they stretched 58 their tongues'．Sticking out your tongue in 59 is an insulting gesture or expresses disgust．Even in the same 60 , people differ 61 their ability to interpret and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men 62 recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people's faces. Disgust, contempt and suffering seem to 63 the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to 64 ．Other studies have 65 that older people usually find 66 easier to interpret body language （the way people stand or move etc.）than younger people 67 , and psychologists such as E. G．Beier have also shown that some people frequently give completely the wrong impression of 68 they feel. For instance, they try to show affection but in fact actually communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they don't care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In 69 words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact 70 of what other people understand．9、定语从句练习 Unit1（3）14. We may encounter situations ___ this principle cannot be applied.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as10、what从句的特点9. ____ makes it rather disturbing was arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Where15. When reports came into London Zoo ___ a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.A. whatB. asC. whichD. that10. ____ , Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s economic policies.A. Although not being an economist himselfB. Although not an economist himselfC. Although not having been an economist himselfD. Although being no an economist himself11、than引导定语从句的情况7. A microscope can reveal vastly __ detail than is visible to the naked eye.A. thanB. than moreC. more thanD. more6. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than___ in the public today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. existed…. children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 .15．A. than B．that C．which D．as12、as引导定语从句的情况（1）7. ____, he still retained the use of all his faculties.A. Because he was old and weakB. As he was old and sickC. Unless he was old and sickD. Old and sick as he wasAlthough he is a child, he can work out the problem.As引导倒装时，必须省冠词。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题及答案(浙江卷)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）从A、B、C和D四个选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑.1.—I’m sorry I didn't make it to your party last night .—_ _.I know you're busy these days.A.Of courseB. No kiddingC. That's all rightD. Don't mention it2.Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ PicassoA.the.不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around20 years.A. havingB. hadC. haveD. to have4.One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away __ my daughter beard cries for helpA. afterB. whileC. sinceD. when5.I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained .A. onB. forC. byD. of6.The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I'll just have to_______itA. make the best ofB. get away fromC. keep an eye onD. catch up with7.Since people are fond of humor ,it is as welcome in conversation as___else.A. anythingB. somethingC. anywhereD. somewhere8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .A. whichB. whatC. themD. those9.The professor could tell by the _______look in Maris's eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lectureA. coldB. blankC. innocentD. fresh10.A bank is the place ____they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain .A. whenB. thatC. whereD. there11.－Ｈow's your new babysitter?－We____ask for a better one ,All our kids love her so much.A. shouldB. mightC. mustn'tD. couldn't12.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ____at a hotel for the night .A. putting downB. putting offC. putting onD. putting up13.I've been writing this report ____for the last two weeks ,but it has to be handed it tomorrow.A. finallyB. immediatelyC. occasionallyD. certainly14.Even the best writers find themselves _______for words.A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost15.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _____in his place but ,luckily ,everything was going on smoothly.A. gaveB. givesC. was givingD. had given16.My schedule is very _____right now ,but I'll try to fit you inA. tightB. shortC. regularD. flexible17.－Ｃan I come and have a look at your new house?－.Yes,_______!A. with pleasureB.I like itC.I quite agreeD.by all means 18.Anyway,I can't cheat him－it's against all my________. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. To be cheeredD. Were cheered20.－I don't think I'll be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow.－ ______?A. And howB. How comeC. How's it goingD. How about it第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21--40各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳的选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
2011年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题
2011年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题2011年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题试卷一(Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once,after you hear the question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I feel faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question Number1.1. A.The man is busy. B.The man has trouble breathingC.The man is out of town on business.D.The man is hiding himself from the woman.2. A.He has a terrible backache. B.He has a bad headache.C.He has a toothacheD.He has a diarrhea3. A.It is fast. B.It is slow. C.It works well. D.It is not working.4. A.Four days. B.Ten days. C.One week D.Two weeks.5. A.He is a lawyer B.He is a doctor.C.He is a travel agent.D.He is an immigration officer.6. A.Sunday. B.Tuesday. C.Thursday. D.Saturday.7. A.Two. B.Thee. C.Four. D.Five.8. A.To X-ray his chest. B.To hospitalize him.C.To perform a minor surgery.D.To transfer him to a specialist.9. A.To go shopping. B.To go back to work.C.To change their topic.D.To entertain their guests.10. A.The man is working too hard. B.The man needs to think it over.C.The man is supposed to find a job.D.The man has made a right decision.11. A.Discussin a case. B.Def in a dia nosis.C.Performing a surgery.D.Talking with the patient.12. A.The woman's classmate. B.The woman's boyfriend.C.The woman's brother.D.The woman's teacher.13. A.The man is a liar. B.The man is jealous of Lisa.C.She does not agree with the man on that.D.She will surely do the same as Lisa does.14. A.250Yuan. B.450Yuan. C.650Yuan. D.850Yuan.15. A.She disagrees with the man there. B.She is going to change her mind.C.It is out of the question to do that.D.It is possible to forgive him.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages,after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue16. A.Liver failure. B.Breast cancer.C.Kidney failure.D.Diabetes out of control.17. A.Shape. B.Color C.Price. D.Size18. A.It is much smaller than a microwave. B.It leaves much room for reduction.C.It is adjustable.D.It is perfect.19. A.It is under a clinical trial. B.It is available in the market.C.It is widely used in the clinic.D.It is in the experimental stage.20. A.The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.B.The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.C.The federal government finances the research.D.The machine will come into being in no time.Passage One21. A.Suicide. B.Obesity. C.Turmoil. D.Drug abuse.22. A.Preventable. B.Destructive. C.Treatable. D.Curable23. bining anti-depressants and talk therapy.B.Promoting the transmission between neurons.C.Winning parental assistance and support.D.Administering effective anti-depressants.24. A.Because it adds to the effect of treatment.B.Because it works better than the medications.C.Because it can take the place of antidepressants.D.Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.25. A.65percent. B.75percent. C.85percent. D.95percent. Passage Two26. A.Helplessness and worthlessness. B.Feeling like a loser.C.Suicidal feeling.D.All of the above.27. A.It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.B.It motivates the patient to work better than others.C.It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.D.It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.28. A.By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.B.By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.C.By making the patient aware of his or her existence.D.By changing the patient's perspective.29. A.Those who stop taking anti-depressants. B.Those who ask for more medications.C.Those who are on the medications.D.Those who abuse the medications.30. A.Anxiousness B.Nausea. C.Fever. D.InsomniaPartⅡVocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the___of their behavior as medicalprofessionals.A.transactionB.transformationC.transmissionD.transparency32.He seemed most___to my idea which was exceptionally creative.A.alienB.ambulantC.amiableD.amenable33.The fist attempts at gene therapy have mostly___,but technique will surely be made to workeventually.A.stumbledB.stammeredC.striddenD.strutted34.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and___for fatty foods.A.preferenceB.persistenceC.intoleranceD.appetence35.By sheer___I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.A.coincidenceB.coherenceC.collaborationD.collocation36.As the drugs began to____,the pain began to take hold again.A.wear offB.put offC.all offD.show off37.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the___medicaltechnologies.A.ApproachingB.impracticableC.sophisticatedD.transient38.At last,she____some reasons for her strange behavior.A.abolishedB.admonishedC.abstainedD.perception39.Doctors are concerned with health of people from___to the grave.A.conceptionB.receptionC.deceptionD.perception40.In more___examinations,the blood is tested in a multichannel analyzer machine forabnormities.A.conciseB.deviousC.elaborateD.feasibleSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer an the ANSWER SHEET.41.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.A.embarrassinglyB.reluctantlyC.clumsilyD.dizzily42.Throughout most of the recorded history,medicine was anything but scientific.A.more or lessB.by and largeC.more often than notD.by no means43.The students were captivated by the way the physician presented the case.A.illuminatedB.fascinatedC.alienatedD.hallucinated44.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data,a product or afinancial reward.A.intelligibleB.infinitiveC.substantialD.deficient45.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficult—orunhealthy—to sustain over time.A.maintainB.reserveC.conceiveD.empower46.The molecular influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinical medicine.A.specialtiesB.principlesC.rationalesD.doctrines47.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through its somatic manifestations.A.juvenileB.potent B.potent D.matured48.His surgical procedure should succeed,for it seems quite feasible.A.rationalB.reciprocalC.versatileD.viable49.These are intensely important questions about quality and the benefits of specialty care andexperience.A.irresistiblyB.vitallyC.potentiallyD.intriguingly50.This guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medicaladvances.A.tendsB.techniquesC.notionsD.breakthroughsPartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEIET.Whenever people go and live in another country,they have new experiences and new feelings.They experience culture shock.Many people have a(n)51about culture shock:they think that it's just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country.But this isn't really true.Culture shock is a completely natural52,and everybody goes53it in a new culture.There are four stages,or steps,in culture shock.When people first arrive in a new country, they're usually excited and54.Everything is interesting.They notice that a lot of things are55 their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy.This is Stage One.In Stage Two,people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture.They become confused.It seems difficult to do even very simple things.They feel56.They spend a lot of time57or with other people from their own country.They think,“my problems are all because I'm living in this country.”Then,in Stage Three,they begin to understand the new culture better.They begin to like some new customs.They58some people in the new country.They're59comfortable and relaxed.In Stage Four,they feel very comfortable.They have good friends in the new culture.They understand the new customs.Some customs are similar to their culture,and some are different,but that's OK.They can60it.51. A.account B.reflection C.verification D.misconception52. A.transition B.exchange C.immigration D.selection53. A.for B.through C.after D.about54. A.frightened B.confused C.uneasy D.happy55. A.representative of B.different from C.peculiar to D.similar to56. A.intoxicated B.depressed C.amazed D.thrilled57. A.lonely B.alone C.lone D.only58. A.make friends with B.make transactions withC.hold hostility toD.shut the door to59. A.hardly B.more C.very D.less60. A.live with B.do without C.hold up with D.make a success ofPartⅣReading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OnePatients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don't wake up, concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on.But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations.Gitta Lubke,Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis,a technique which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery.Before this study,researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation,says Lubke.Lubke studied96trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery,many of whom were too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia.During surgery,each patient wore headphones trough which a series of16words was repeated for3minutes each.At the same time,bispectral analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.After the operation,Lubke tested the patients by showing therm the fist three letters of a word, such as“lim”,and asking them to complete it.Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery—“limit”for example—chose that word an average of1I percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list.None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word list.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized.But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding,which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet.What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards, says Philip Merikle,a psychologist at the University of Waterloo,Ontario.61.Scientists have found that deep anesthesia___A.is likely to affect hearingB.cannot block surgeons’wordsC.can cause serious damages to memoryD.helps retain conscious or subconscious memories62.By the new study,the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists__A.acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgeryB.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memoriesC.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryD.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery63.To test the patients,the scientists___A.prepared two lists of wordsed ninety-six headphones for listeningC.conducted the whole experiment for three minutesD.voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery64.The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients___A.to regain consciousness under the knife.B.to tell one word from another after surgery.C.to recall what had been heard during surgery.D.to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations.65.What we can infer from the finding?A.How surgical malpractice can be prevented.B.Why a surgeon cannot be too careful.C.Why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgery.D.How the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memories.Passage TwoScientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons,but it has emerged that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats,birds and even humans.Understanding the process could be important for finding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's in which neurons are destroyed.Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus,a structure involved in learning and memory.But they rarely survive more than a few weeks.“We thought they were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input.”says Elizabeth Gould,a neuroscientist at Princeton.Because of the location,Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons’survival,and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.To test this,they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be ter,they gave some of the rats standard tasks.One involved using visual and spatial cues,such as posters on a wall,to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water.In another,the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later.Both these tasks use the hippocampus—if this structure is damaged,rats can’t do them.Meanwhile,the researches gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus. finding a platform that was easily visible in water,for instance.Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises.The team report in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others.“Learning opportunities increase the number of neurons,”says Gould.But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla,California,dispute this.In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience,they report that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times. Her team gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled.When the new cells would normally be dying.She thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to benefit.“By the time the cells were degenerating,the animals were not learning anything,”she says.66.Not until recently did scientists find out that_____A.new neurons could grow in adult brainsB.neurons could be man-made in the laboratoryC.neurons were destroyed in Alzheimer's diseaseD.humans could produce new neurons as animals67.Gould’s notion was that the short-lived neurons___A.did survive longer than expectedB.would die much sooner than expected couldC.could actually better learning and memoryD.could be kept alive by stimulating the hippocampus68.Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test?A.The water used.B.The noises played.C.The neurons newly born.D.The hippocampus involved.69.Gould theorizes that the Salk group’s failure to report the same results was due to__A.the timing of labeling new neuronsB.the frequency of stimulationC.the wrongly labeled neuronsD.the types of learning tasks70.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?e It or Lose ItB.Learn to SurviveC.To Be or Not to BeD.Stay Mentally HealthyPassage ThreeHere’s yet another reason to lose weight.Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers.In the U.S.,car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children.But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.A study carried out in Seattle,Washington looked at more than26000people who had been involved in car crashes,and found that heavier people at far more risk.People weighing between 100and119kilograms are almost two-and-a-half lines as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than60kilo-grams.And importantly,the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index (BMI)—a measure that takes height as well as weight into account.Someone1.8meters tall weighing126kilograms would have a BMI of39,but so would a person1.5meters tell weighing88 kilograms.People are said to be obese if their BMI is30or over.The study found that people with a BMI of35to39are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about20.It’s not just total weight,but obesity itself that’s dangerous.While they do not yet know why this is the case,the evidence is worth pursuing,says Charles Mack,a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle,who led the research team.He thinks one answer maybe for safety authorities to use heaviercrash-test dummies when certifying cars as safe to drive.Crash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about78 kilograms.Recently,smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars.But larger and heavier dummies aren’t used,the U.S.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington DC told New Scientist.The reasons for the higher injury and death rates are far from clear,Mock speculates that car interiors might not be suitably designed for heavy people.Or obese people,with health problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes,could be finding it tougher to recover from injury.71.When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure,the American car manufacturers____.A.found it hard to set standards without the definition of obesityB.incidentally brought about extra risks to obese passengersC.based their job on the information of car accidentsD.actually neglected smaller women and children72.When they categorized the obese people,the researchers____.A.showed a preference for BMI in measurementsB.achieved almost the same results as previouslyC.found the units of kilogram more applicable than BMID.were shocked to know the number of obese people killed in car crashes73.To address the problem,Mock____.A.suggested that the safety authorities use heavier crash-test dummiesB.cried for the standardization of crash-test dummiesC.reduced the weights of crash-test dummiesD.encouraged obese people to lose weight74.While exploring the reason for the higher injury and death rates,Mock would most probablysay that____.A.cars can be made safer to avoid cashesB.it is wise for obese people not to drive drunkC.it is not just total weight,but obesity itself that is dangerousD.the main reason behind the problem is drinkers’heavy weight75.Which of the following questions is closely related to the passage?A.Are air bags really necessary to be built in cars?B.Are cars certified as safe to drive?C.Are crash-test dummies too thin?D.Are car accidents preventable?Passage FourIt seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you.In fact,many studies support this idea-but health-Care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story.The first question is whose patients are sicker?Specialists tend to treat more complicated forms of disease,but generalist—family physicians and general practitioners—are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases.A second question is what counts as the most valuable treatment?Specialists are more familiar with standards of care for the diseases they treat regularly,says Harlan M.Krumholz of Yale University.On the other hand,a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient’s care and keeping an eye on a person’s overall health,says Martin T.Donohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in PortlandTo further complicate comparisons,many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases,but medical records do not always show that,says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville,Md.That said,stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists.Among about3800sroke sufferers nationwide,16.1percent of those treated by a neurologist died within3months,compared with25.3percent of those treated by family physicians.Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists,says Ira S.Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York,but it’s hard to figure out exactly why.“Physician specialty,in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field,is also a proxy for clinical experience,”he says.“It’s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts: one,that practice makes perfect;two,the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in;and three,the issue of formal training.”Differences between specialist care and generalist care,however,pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice, contend both Donohoe and Clancy.A report by the U.S.General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers—which reduce heart rate and blood pressure—than those who received care from a generalist.Even so,these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them,implying that both generalists and specialists could do better.“Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care,”says Donohoe.Perhaps,he adds,“we should focus more intently on improving the quality of communication and cooperation between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans.”76.Which of the following questions can most probably come out of the two questions raised inthe passage?A.Is specialist care superior?B.What is specialist care all about?C.Why is one unwilling to be a generalist?D.Is generalist care the future of medicine?77.The answers to the two questions suggest that____.A.generalists are more likely to be ignoredB.a specialist can be a generalist,or vice versaC.neither of the two groups is better than the otherD.patients have every reason to go to specialist physicians78.According to the passage,the better treatment of stroke and heart disease on the part ofspecialists____.A.cannot simply be ascribed to specialtyB.is hard to be justified on the nationwide scaleC.is enough to prove the superiority of specialist careD.has much to do with the amount of formal education79.Both specialists and generalists,Donohoe and Clancy contend,could do a better job of____.A.taking advantage of the otherB.avoiding as much malpractice as possibleC.putting the latest knowledge into practicecating the public to their consciousness of health80.Donohoe is trying to shift our attention to_____.A.better communication and cooperation between generalists and specialistsB.the real nature of specialist and generalist care,respectivelyC.the similarities between generalist and specialist careD.the declining health of AmericansPassage FiveChildren are spending an increasing amount of time using puters are now found in most classrooms,and in the majority of homes,almost always with internet accepts. However,many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects. This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children,focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.Computer use may negatively affect the social relationship between children and their parents. Because children spend so much time on computers,they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents,According to Subrahmanyam and his colleagues(2001)this often leads to a role reversal,where the child becomes a teacher to the parent.In other words,it is often the case that a highly computer literate teenager will teach their parents how to use the more complex functions of computer technology.This can lead to a reduction in parental authority. Moreover,with the anonymity of online communication,computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult,so all users are treated equally(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).Children may then expect the same equality in real life,further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship(Subrahmanyam et al,200l).Children’s peer relationships can also be negatively affected by extensive computer use.Since computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children,they spend little time interacting with their peers(Shields&Behrman,2001).As a result,children may not develop the social skills they need,or be able to maintain friendships in the real world(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).With the very extended computer use,this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields&Behrman,2001).A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence.Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children,so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games(Subrahmanyam et al,200l).However,as Shields Behrman(200l)points out,it is important to note that although the games may affect all children,children who prefer violent games could be most affected.In conclusion,using a computer,particularly for extended periods,may affect the parent-children relationship in families.It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships.Moreover,it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children.Although the research is not conclusive,it appears that extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children’s social development.8l.From the very beginning,the author is trying to draw out attention to_____A.crimes on rise at schoolB.a decline in family valueC.the negative effects of children’s overuse of computerD.the increasing number of investigations on education82.Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage?A.Children become teachers to their parents.B.Parents are fossilized in new technology.C.Children expect for an equal status with their parents.D.Parents’roles are being shrunk by the computer.83.What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage?A.Children greatly value the friendship with their peers.B.Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer.C.Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent games.D.Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games.84.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result of playing computer games inthe passage?A.A lack of social communication.B.Increasing violent performance.C.A decline in intelligence.D.A breakdown in family relationship.85.Where the passage might be taken from?。
2011年医学博士英语真题听力原稿
2011医学博士听力原稿医学博士听力原稿Part I. Listening Comprehension Section A 1.A: I don’t see much of you these days, where have you been? ’t even have time to breathe. B: I am working on a big project. I donQ: what can we learn from the conversation? 2.A: what time would your doctor be in today? B: He is here after 2:30. Do you need to see him today? A: Yes my back is killing me? Q: What’s the man’s problem? 3.Can that clock be right, 10:30? ’s 11:05 That clock is always off. ItWhat is true about the clock? 4.Well, Mr. Black, What brought you along today? I’ve got a pain in my stomach. How long have it been bothering you? A fortnight How long has the man’s stomach ache? 5.You come from S? Yes. I lived in England for 23 years. Are you married to an English man? I was, but we were divorced 15 years ago. Well, tell me about your trouble. Two hours after eating, I get pain, and then I feel it. What would the man do? 6.I am usually on the job Monday, Tuesday and Friday from 1 to 5 P.M. and Wednesday from 3 to 6 P.M. Do you work on weekends too? Yes, but only in the morning. What day is the man off duty? ’s called stethocope. It 7.Now Daddy I’m wearing this on your chest. It’ll warm it up. Feel the end, OK? First of all I’ll might be a little cold, Ilisten to your front and then your back. She has gone that a lot of times How many people have been involved in the situation? 8.What happened? I was in a fight and got my head hurt. Were your knocked out? No. ’ll need some I want you to go for an X-ray. And come back to me. Youstitches for that wound. What is the doctor going to do for the man? 9.Here, you two guy, you are fucking shot again. It It’’s not very entertaining or wise? Yes, thanks for advising us. It ’s time to enjoy life. What might the men do accordingly? 10. T aking a long view, I ’m leaving the company. Why? I often have to overwork which will do harm to my health. But the job market is very tight, you know. What does the woman mean? 11. W hat hat’’s the most likely diagnosis in this case? Most probably ------(一种病) What What’’s against that dianosis? Well, the infected hasn ’t had any change in the ---habit or lost weight. What are they doing now? 12. I heard all the time that John is dating several girls. But it ’s not true, he has explained everything to me. Do your really believe what he said? Yeah, I believe in our feelings for each other? Who is John? 13. L isa isa says says says that that that the the the job job job takes takes takes the the the back back back seat seat seat to to to the the the family family family after after after she she she is is married. She must be a good wife. This is noly what she says not what she does. What does the woman mean? 14. G ood morning. Would you like the private hotspring room today? For three people, it would be 250 Yuan per hour Are there any discounts? Yes, It is 50 Yuan cheaper for each additional hour. Then We ’ll have two hours. How much will the man pay? 15. Y ou are not thinking of getting back together with him, are you? Would he dream of it? What does the woman mean? Section B Dialogue A lot of doctors can tell what ’s wrong with you by sleeping, so can you er--- by smelling? Oh, Oh, absolutely. absolutely. absolutely. This This This actually actually actually goes goes goes back back back to to to the the the day day day of----. of----. of----. For For For example, example, you can walk into a room or get close to a patient who had diabetes that is not well controlled. There is a kind of sweetish smell. So So you you you mean mean mean often often often you you you can can can walk walk walk into into into a a a room room room and and and tell tell tell if if if a a a patient patient patient has has kidney failure or liver failure? Precisely. And now there is a machine that can do that too. Fascinating. Actually, there have been these machines in the past, but they meant just enormous. Are they used in therapy? They er---. These machines are imposible to use clinically, because, you know, know, it it it a a a whole whole whole room room room for for for the the the equipments----, equipments----, equipments----, but but but the the the newly-invented newly-invented ones are very small and ---. And then what do the new ones use? New laser technology. Is it now available given the size of the machine? It couldn ’t be better. Unlike the previous, this is the size of microwave. And I think it isn ’t far-off, right. Well, it ’s very much in the experimental stage. But interesting. However, unlike any of these things which are produced by commercial company, This work is being done be the federal government. Passage 1 Suicide Suicide is is is a a a very very very real real real risk risk risk for for for young young young people people people who who who suffer suffer suffer from from from clinical clinical depression. In fact during the past two years suicide has increased among youths between the ages of 10 and 19, but there aren ’t treatment that can help. Research show that the most effective treatment is the combination of anti-depression and talk therapy. Anti-depressants work by increasing--- chemcal --- which facilitate communications between neurons neurons in the in the brain. brain. ““Anti-depressants Anti-depressants are are are the the the most most most effective treatment effective treatment for most adults. But when it comes to teenagers, It ’s not enough.” Says doctor R, a psychiatrist with---- university medical center. 13 age years are full of turmoil, emotions and changes. And there are family conflicts and conflicts with relationship that can contribute to distress in adolescents adolescents””, S says. And anti-depressant medications may not be able to deal deal with with with all all all of of of those those those problems. problems. problems. ““Psycho Psycho therapy, therapy, therapy, specifically specifically specifically problem- problem- behavioral therapy need to----,” S says. In his recent major study, with the therapy therapy in in in use use use along along along with with with anti-depressants., anti-depressants., anti-depressants., 75% 75% 75% of of of kids kids kids are are are reported reported feeling feeling better better better and and and less less less suicidal suicidal suicidal after after after 3 3 3 month month month probably probably probably because because because the the problem-behavioral therapy tackle thinking and feeling in a very particular way that medicines may not. And in particalar suicidal case.” Say doctor F, a psychiatrist with---medical college. Passage 2 “Most people think when they are depressed, it just means you feel sad ”, says Doctor R, a psychiatrist with Cornell university medical college. In fact, fact, the the the so-call so-call so-call commonest commonest commonest symptoms symptoms symptoms of of of deppression deppression deppression are are are probably probably probably the the most painful for a lot of people which are a feeling that you are useless, wothless, wothless, unloveable, unloveable, unloveable, no no good or loser. loser. A A commonest symptom and and a a most extreme symptom, of course, is a suicidal feeling where you feel so hopeless that you don ’y believe anything will get better and you are better off. C therapy challenges that kind of thinking. For example, say, you are a a depressed depressed depressed teen, teen, teen, someone someone someone at at at school school school says says says something something something credible, credible, credible, typically typically that might lead you to think you are a completely loser. F says C theray help help patients patients patients see see see all all all the the time time they they they have have have been been been successful, successful, successful, both both both at at at school school and with friends. It is completely the opposite of how you feel. So you challenge challenge them them them with with with reality. reality. reality. And And And then then then you you you correct correct correct their their their disfunctional disfunctional release and that will actually change the way they feel, F says. It ’s a sort of personal reality check that will connect experiece in context. Once the combination of medication and therapy work, patient may decide to stop taking anti-depressants. But they should do so with caution because they may experience side effect. They can get rebound kind of syptoms. It can grow grow things things things like like like feeling feeling feeling anxious, anxious, anxious, or or or having having having insomnia, insomnia, insomnia, very very very dizzy dizzy dizzy and and having Nausea. 。