国际贸易实务 4.Terms of Commodity
国际贸易与实务3-Practice of International Trade-Commodity
– External appearance
• Shape, form, color, physical property
• Importance of quality term
– Ground for transaction – Determination of price value – Image of goods
– More detailed quality particulars are needed to avoid varieties and complexities eg. Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C
4.2.1 Sale by description
• Sale by name of origin 凭产地买卖
4.2.2 Sale by Sample
• Sale by sample 凭样买卖
– Sample as a reference of quality or condition of the goods to be delivered – Used when quality description of the goods is beyond words – Bear the wording ―quality as per …‖ – Can be provided by either seller, buyer or by counter sample
– example
Bleached Cotton Shirting 30s x 36s 72 x 69 35/36 x 42yds 漂白棉布 30 x 36支 72 x 69 35/36 x 42码
4.2.1 Sale by description
《国际贸易实务》(英文版)_词汇
《国际贸易实务》（英文版）词汇Chapter 1 Introduction to International TradeTrade Surplus 贸易顺差National Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会Export Tax Rebates 出口退税Export Taxes 出口关税Export-driven Economic Growth 出口导向型经济增长Excess Liquidity 流动性过剩Trade Frictions 贸易摩擦International Trade 国际贸易World Trade 世界贸易Foreign Trade 对外贸易Overseas Trade 海外贸易Trade in Goods 货物贸易Trade in Services 服务贸易Self-sufficient 自给自足Economic Resources 经济资源Barter 物物交换，以货易货，实物交易，易货贸易Visible Trade 有形贸易Invisible Trade 无形贸易Transportation 运输Insurance 保险Tourism 旅游业Balance of Trade 贸易差额A Favorable Balance of Trade 贸易顺差Trade Surplus 贸易顺差An Unfavorable Balance of Trade 贸易逆差Trade Deficit 贸易逆差Balance of Payments 国际收支平衡，国际收支差额A Favorable Balance of Payments 国际收支顺差An Unfavorable Balance of Payments 国际收支逆差International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织Foreign Direct Investment（FDI）对外直接投资，外商直接投资Portfolio Investment 间接投资Chapter 2 International Trade PolicyProtectionism 贸易保护主义Free Trade 自由贸易The National Interest 国家利益Doha Trade Talks 多哈贸易谈判Acquisitions 购并Trade Barriers 贸易壁垒Infant Industries 幼稚产业Tariffs 关税Subsidies 补贴Quantitative Restrictions 数量限制Encouragements 鼓励Import Tariff 进口关税Non-tariff Barriers（NTB）非关税壁垒Export Taxes 出口关税Export Subsidies 出口补贴Protective Tariffs 保护性关税Revenue Tariff 财政关税Specific Duties 从量税Ad Valorem Duties 从价税Compound Duties 复合税Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States（HTS）美国协调关税明细表Harmonized System 商品名称及编码协调制度International Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System 商品名称及编码协调制度World Customs Organization 世界海关组织Customs Tariff of Import/Export of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国进出口关税条例Import Quota 进口配额Binding Quota 限制性配额Non-binding Quota不具约束力的配额Zero QuotaAbsolute Quotas 绝对配额Tariff-rate Quotas 关税配额Voluntary Export Restraint（VER）自动出口限制Multi-Fiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定Market Failures 市场失灵Domestic Content Requirements 国内成分要求Government Procurement Policies 政府采购政策Buy America Act of 1933 1933年购买美国货法案Red-tape Barriers进口环节壁垒Domestic Supply 国内供给Domestic Demand 国内需求Floor Price 最低限价Shortfall of Supply 供应短缺Export Enhancement Program（EEP）美国的出口促进计划Dairy Export Incentive Program（DEIP）奶制品出口激励项目Chapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade BlockAsia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Organization （APEC）亚太经合组织Hanoi 河内（越南首都）Stalemate 僵局Open Regionalism 开放的区域主义Trade Liberalization 贸易自由化Most Favored Nation 最惠国Multilateralism 多边贸易Doha Round 多哈回合Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific（FTAAP）亚太自由贸易协定Free Trade Area 自由贸易区Preferential Trade Agreements（PTAs）特殊优惠贸易协议Bilateral Free Trade Agreements 双边自由贸易协定Discriminatory Tariffs 歧视性关税Tariff Rates 关税税率Trade Discrimination 贸易歧视Trade Bloc 贸易集团Trade Block 贸易禁运EU（European Union）欧盟（欧洲联盟）NAFTA（North American Free Trade Agreement）北美自由贸易协定，北美自由贸易区MERCOSUR（Mercado Comun del Cono Sur）南方共同市场SCCM（Southern Common Markets）南方共同市场ASEAN（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟EFTA（European Free Trade Area）欧洲自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area（AFTA）东盟自由贸易区Customs Union 关税同盟EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲经济共同体EC（the European Community）欧洲共同体Economic Union 经济同盟，经济联盟Trade Embargoes 贸易禁运Economic Sanctions 经济制裁United Nations 联合国Stamp Act 印花税法案Townshend Acts 汤森条例Trade Elasticity 贸易弹性Chapter 4 WTO：A Navigation GuideFranchises 特许经营World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（GATT）关税与贸易总协定Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程（多哈回合谈判）WTO Agreements 世界贸易组织协议The World Bank 世界银行International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织Appellate Body 上诉机构Dispute Settlement Panels 争端解决专门小组Plurilateral Committees 诸边协议委员会Ministerial Conference 部长会议The General Council 常务理事会The Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构The Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策审议机构Goods Council 货物贸易理事会Services Council 服务贸易理事会TRIPS Council 与贸易有关的知识产权理事会The Textiles Monitoring Body 纺织品监督机构Heads of Delegations（HOD）代表团首脑The Secretariat 秘书处Sustainable Development 可持续发展Plurilateral Trade Agreement 诸边贸易协定Marrakesh Ministerial Meeting 马拉喀什部长会议（摩洛哥）TRIPS Agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协定Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（TRIPS）与贸易有关的知识产权Contracting Parties 缔约国Trade Without Discrimination 贸易无歧视Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇National Treatment 国民待遇Transparency 透明度Access to Markets 市场准入Navigation Guide 导航General Agreement on Trade in Services（GATS）服务贸易总协定Trade-Related Investment Measures TRIMS 与贸易有关的投资措施Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——QualityCommodity 商品、货物Manufactured Goods 工业制成品Name of Commodity 货物的品名Description of Goods 货物的名称，货物的描述Quality of Commodity 货物的品质Sample 样品Representative Sample 代表性样品Original Sample 原样Type Sample 标准样品Reference Sample 参考样品Duplicate Sample 复样Sale by Sell’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖（销售）Sale by buyer’s Sample 凭买方样品买卖（销售）Return Sample 回样Counter Sample 对等样品Sealed Sample 封样The Parties to the Contract 合同的当事人Quality to be about equal to the Sample 品质与样品大致相同Specifications 规格Grade 等级Standard 标准Fair Average Quality（F.A.Q.）良好平均品质Good Merchantable Quality（G.M.Q.）上好可销品质Brand 品牌Trademark 商标Description，Drawing and Diagram 说明书，图纸和技术协议书等Quality Tolerance 品质公差Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——QuantityQuantity of Commodity 货物的数量Unit of Measurement 计量单位The Metric System 公制The British System 英制The U.S. System 美制Numbers 个数Weight 重量Length 长度Area 面积Volume 体积Capacity 容积International Measurement Conference 国际测量会议International System of Units（SI）国际单位制Gross Weight 毛重Net Weight 净重Gross for net 以毛作净Conditioned Weight 公量Theoretical Weight 理论重量More of Less Clause 溢短装条款Chapter 5 Terms of Commodity——PackingPaking 包装Nude Cargo 裸装货Cargo in Bulk 散装货Outer Packing 外包装Baling 打包Hogsheads 美国橡木桶Inner Packing 内包装Pallet 托盘Shipping Mark 运输标志（唛头）Additional Mark 附属性标志Indicative Mark 指示性标志Warning Mark 警告性标志Neutral Packing 中性包装Neutral Packing with Designated Brand 定牌中性包装Neutral Packing without Designated Brand 无牌中性包装Chapter 6 International Trade TermsL/C Issuing Date 信用证的开证日期Partial Shipment 分批装运Transshipment 转运Shipment 装运Terms of Payment 支付条件Draft 汇票Liner 班轮Trade Terms，Price Terms，Delivery Terms 贸易术语，价格术语，交货术语Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年华沙——牛津规则International Law Association 国际法律协会Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本INCOTERMS 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）国际商会Carrier 承运人Frontier 边境Clear 清关Value added tax（VAT）增值税United Nations Commission on International Trade Law（UNCITRAL）联合国国际贸易法律委员会Ship’s Rail 船舷Quay 码头Multi-modal Transport 多式联运Trim 平舱Stow 理舱EXW 工厂交货FCA 货交承运人FOB 装运港船上交货FAS 货交船边CFR 成本加运费CIF 成本加保险费加运费CPT 运费付至CIP 运费、保险费付至DAF 边境交货DES 目的港船上交货DEQ 目的港码头交货DDU 未完税交货DDP 完税后交货。
Terms of commodity-国际商务英语-大学课件
6.2.1 Sale by description
Sale by standard 标准买卖
Standard by conventions, trade associations or governments Adaptable nationally or internationally
Nationally: BS (British standard), ANSI (American National Standards), JIS (Japanese Standards Association), GB (Guojia Biaozhun) Internationally: ISO (International Standards Organization)
6.2 Specifying Quality
Quality
Internal properties or ingredients
Structure, chemical composition, biological features
External appearance
Shape, form, color, physical property
Grade A, B, C Grade 1, 2, 3
To avoid disputes, normally grade + specifications Example 钨砂
三氧化钨 最低 Grade 1 70％ Grade 2 65% Grade 3 65% 锡 最高 0.2% 0.2% 1.5% 砷 最高 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 硫 最高 0.8% 0.8% 0.8%
example
Bleached Cotton Shirting 30s x 36s 72 x 69 35/36 x 42yds
《国际贸易实务》重点词汇
Chapter 1 Introduction to International TradeNational Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会export-driven economic growth 出口导向型经济增长export tax rebates 出口退税export taxes 出口关税excess Liquidity 流动性过剩trade frictions 贸易摩擦international trade 国际贸易world trade 世界贸易foreign trade 对外贸易overseas trade 海外贸易trade in goods 货物贸易trade in services 服务贸易self-sufficient 自给自足economic resources 经济资源visible trade 有形贸易invisible trade 无形贸易dumping倾销tourism 旅游业balance of trade 贸易差额host country东道国barter 物物交换，以货易货，货物交易，易货贸易favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差(trade surplus)unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差(trade deficit)Balance of Payments 国际收支平衡，国际收支差额favorable balance of payments 国际收支顺差unfavorable balance of payments 国际收支逆差International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织Foreign Direct Investment（FDI）对外直接投资，外商直接投资Portfolio Investment 间接投资Chapter 2 International Trade Policytrade protectionism 贸易保护主义free trade 自由贸易the national interest 国家利益Doha trade talks 多哈贸易谈判acquisitions 购并trade barriers 贸易壁垒infant industries 幼稚产业quantitative restrictions 数量限制encouragements 鼓励import tariff 进口关税tariff barriers关税壁垒non-tariff barriers（NTB）非关税壁垒export taxes 出口关税export subsidies 出口补贴protective tariffs 保护性关税revenue tariff 财政关税specific duties 从量税ad valorem duties 从价税compound duties 复合税import quota 进口配额binding quota限制性(绑定)配额non-binding quota不具约束力的配额tariff-rate quotas 关税配额zero quota零配额absolute quotas 绝对配额market failures 市场失灵domestic content国内含量licensing system 许可证制度red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒“buy local” rules 本地采购规则domestic supply 国内供给domestic demand 国内需求floor price 最低限价shortfall of supply 供应短缺Government Procurement Policies 歧视性政府采购政策Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS)美国协调关税明细表Harmonized System 商品名称及编码协调制度International Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System商品名称及编码协调制度World Customs Organization (WCO)世界海关组织Customs Tariff of Import/Export of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国进出口关税条例Voluntary Export Restraint（VER）自动出口限制Multi-Fiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定Domestic Content Requirements 国内成分要求Government Procurement Policies 政府采购政策Buy America Act of 1933 1933年购买美国货法案Export Enhancement Program（EEP）美国的出口促进计划Dairy Export Incentive Program（DEIP）奶制品出口激励项目Chapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade Blockopen regionalism 开放的区域主义trade liberalization 贸易自由化most favored nation 最惠国multilateralism 多边主义Doha round 多哈回合discriminatory tariffs 歧视性关税“spaghetti bowl”意大利面碗tariff rates 关税税率trade discrimination 贸易歧视country of origin原产地trade bloc 贸易集团trade block 贸易禁运bilateral free trade agreements 双边自由贸易协定PTAs（preferential trade agreements）特殊优惠贸易协议APEC （Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Organization）亚太经合组织FTAAP（Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific）亚太自由贸易协定NAFTA（North American Free Trade Agreement）北美自由贸易区MERCOSUR南方共同市场SCCM（Southern Common Markets）南方共同市场ASEAN（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟AFTA（ASEAN Free Trade Area）东盟自由贸易区EU（European Union）欧盟（欧洲联盟）EFTA（European Free Trade Area）欧洲自由贸易区EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲经济共同体EC（the European Community）欧洲共同体free trade area 自由贸易区customs union 关税同盟common market共同市场economic union 经济同盟，经济联盟trade embargoes 贸易禁运economic sanctions 经济制裁boycotts抵制multilateral trade agreements多边贸易协定United Nations 联合国trade elasticity 贸易弹性Chapter 4 WTO：A Navigation Guidefranchise特许经营Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合WTO Agreements 世界贸易组织协议World Bank 世界银行Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程（多哈回合谈判）GATT（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）关税与贸易总协定WTO（World Trade Organization）世界贸易组织IMF（International Monetary Fund）国际货币基金组织Appellate Body 上诉机构Dispute Settlement Panels 争端解决专门小组Plurilateral Committees 诸边协议委员会Ministerial Conference 部长会议1. The General Council 常务理事会2. The Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构3. The Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策审议机构1. Goods Council 货物贸易理事会2. Services Council 服务贸易理事会3. TRIPS Council 与贸易有关的知识产权理事会The Textiles Monitoring Body 纺织品监督机构Heads of Delegations（HOD）代表团首脑The Secretariat 秘书处sustainable development 可持续发展Plurilateral Trade Agreement 诸边(复边)贸易协定Marrakesh Ministerial Meeting 马拉喀什部长会议（摩洛哥）TRIPS Agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协定Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（TRIPS）与贸易有关的知识产权General Agreement on Trade in Services （GATS）服务贸易总协定Trade-Related Investment Measures （TRIMS）与贸易有关的投资措施Trade Without Discrimination 贸易无歧视Urgent Importing Measures紧急进口措施Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇contracting parties 缔约国plurilateral agreements诸边协议national treatment 国民待遇transparency 透明度market access 市场准入navigation guide 导航patronage nations施惠国favored nations 受惠国Chapter 5 International Trade TermsL/C issuing date 信用证的开证日期seasonal commodity季节性商品partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转运shipment 装运terms of payment 支付条件draft 汇票liner 班轮trade terms，price terms，delivery terms 贸易术语，价格术语，交货术语Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年华沙--牛津规则International Law Association 国际法律协会Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）国际商会INCOTERMS 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通Value added tax（VAT）增值税United Nations Commission on International Trade Law（UNCITRAL）联合国国际贸易法律委员会multi-modal Transport多式联运inland waterway transportation内陆水运customs clearance清关shipboard（Ship’s Rail）船舷documentary sales 单据买卖cover insurance 投保symbolic delivery象征性交货unloading charge 卸货费frontier 边境quay 码头trim 平舱stow 理舱EXW（Ex Works）工厂交货FCA（Free Carrier）货交承运人FAS（Free Alongside Ship）船边交货FOB（Free on Board）装运港船上交货FOB Liner Terms (FOB班轮条件)FOB Under Tackle (FOB吊钩下交货)FOB Stowed(FOB 包理舱费在内)FOB Trimmed(FOB 包平舱费在内)CFR（Cost and Freight）成本加运费CFR Liner Terms(CFR班轮条件)CFR Landed(CFR卸到岸上)CFR Ex-Ship’s Hold(CFR舱底交货)CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）成本加保险费加运费CPT（Carriage Paid to）运费付至CIP（Carriage and Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至DAF（Delivered at Frontier）边境交货DES（Delivered Ex Ship）目的港船上交货DEQ（Delivered Ex Quay）目的港码头交货DDU（Delivered Duty Unpaid）未完税交货DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）完税后交货Chapter 6 Terms of CommoditySales by Seller’s/Buyer’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖/凭买方样品买卖Reference/Duplicate Sample 参考样品Quality Tolerance 品质公差Counter Sample 对等样品More or Less Clauses 溢短装条款Neutral Packing 中性包装Customs Formality 海关手续Inspection Certificate of Quality 质量检验证书FDA (Food and Drugs Administration) 药品及食品管理局Marking of Goods 货物标记Net Weight 净重Theoretical Weight 理论重量Gross Weight 毛重Computed Tare 约定皮重Conditioned Weight 公量Unit Weight 单位重量Moisture Content 含水量Customary Tare 习惯毛重Legal Weight 法定重量Actual Tare 实际皮重Average Tare 平均毛重BY-product 副产品AQSIQ (State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine) 国家质量监督检验检疫总局Representative Samples 代表性样品Original Samples 原始样品Type Samples 标准样品(FAQ)Fair Average Quality 中等品质(GMQ)Good Merchantable Quality 上好可销品质Animal and Plant Quarantine Office 动植物检验机关Register of Shipping 船及机构State Bureau of Metrology 国家计量局Catalogue of Export and Import Commodities Subject to Inspection 进出口商品目录Lloyd’s Surveyor 英国劳氏公证行Chapter 7 International Cargo TransportOil tankers 油轮Voyage Charter 定程租船Ro-Ro vessels 滚装船Time Charter 定期租船LASH(lighter Aboard Ship) 载驳船BBC(Bare Boat Charter) 光船租船Chartering contract 租船合同Sailing schedule 船期表Demurrage charge 滞期费Liner freight tariff 班船运价表Dispatch charge 速遣费Optional additional 选卸附加费Direct additional 直航附加费Transshipment additional 转船附加费Port congestion additional 港口拥挤附加费Forwarding agents 运输代理LCL(Less than Container Load) 拼箱货Settlement of exchange 结汇FCL(Full Container Load) 整箱货Air waybill 空运单CFS(Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站Shipping advice 装运通知Disposal rights 处置权Partial shipment/transshipment 分批装运Bill of landing 提单Clean B/L 清洁提单Order B/L 提示提单Combined transport B/L 多式联运提单Straight B/L 直接提单/记名提单Through B/L 全程提单/联运提单Liner B/L 班轮提单Ante-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Consignment note 发货通知书Blank endorsement 空白备书IATA(International Air Transport Association)国际航空运输协会Combined transport documents 联合运输单据Chapter 8 Cargo InsuranceInsurance Applicant 投保人General Average 共同海损Insurance Amount 投保金额Extraneous Risks 外来风险Insurance Policy 保险单Constructive Total Loss 推定全损Perils of the Sea 海上风险Sue and Labor Expenses 施救费用Salvage Charges 救助费用Insurance Broker 承保人Particular Average 单独海损Premium 保险费Air Transportation Cargo War Risks航空运输货物战争险Land Transportation Risks 陆运险All Risks for Land Transportation 陆运一切险Ocean Marine Insurance 海洋运输保险Air Transportation All Risks 航空运输一切险War risks 战争险Basic Risks Coverage 基本保险范围Insured Amount 保险金额T.P.N.D(Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery)偷窃与提货不着险Taint of Odor 串味险Overland Transportation Insurance 陆上运输保险Parcel Post Insurance 邮包运输保险WPA(With Particular Average) 水渍险/单独海损赔偿FPA(Free from Particular Average) 平安险Additional Risks Coverage 附加险范围Fresh water and/or Rain Damage 淡水雨淋险Insurance Certificate 保险凭证《国际贸易实务》重点词汇Chapter 9 Terms of PriceCost Structure 费用/成本结构Cost of Production 生产费用Profit Margin 边际利润率Selling Cost 销售成本Target Costing 目标成本Variable Cost 可变成本Skimming Price Strategy 撇脂定价策略Penetration Strategy 渗透策略Floating Exchange Risk 浮动汇率风险(TFC)Total Fixed Cost 总固定成本(EDLP)Everyday Low Price 每日低价Cost-based Pricing成本基础定价法Break-even Pricing 损益两平定价法Marginal Cost Pricing 边际成本定价法(BEP)Break-even Point益损两平点Invoicing Currency 计价货币Payment Currency支付货币Hard Currency 硬货币Soft Currency 软货币Exchange Rates汇率Commission/Discount 佣金/折扣Price Adjustment 价款调整Forward Market/Spot Market 期货/现货市场Forward Contract 远期合同Floating Exchange Rates 浮动汇率Forward Rate 期汇率Brokerage House 经纪公司Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报*Plain Commission 透明佣金（不确定）Secret Commission 秘密佣金Quantity Discount 数量折扣Cash Discount 现金折扣Special Discount 特别折扣Unit Price 单价FOB price 离岸价CIF price 到岸价CFR price 成本加运费价格Export-oriented Strategy Firm出口导向型公司Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration 外汇管理条例SAFE(State Administration of Foreign Exchange) 国家外汇管理局11。
4 chap 4 terms of commodity(3)packing上课
+
No Brand
（无牌中性)
no marking of the name of the country producing the goods and/or the name of the manufacturer
• Brainstorm: • A buyer from Hongkong wants to shift the export order of "MeiHua" cloth from China to Thailand. He requires that "Made in China" and the trademark "MeiHua" not be printed on the package. To promote sale and expand export, can we accept the deal?
(2) Collective packing（集合运输包装） P137
• Collective packing is also called group shipping packing by which a certain number of single pieces are grouped together to form a big packing or are packed in a big container. Collective packing can be classified into:
own. such as steel products, lead ingot, timber,
rubber, automobile, etc.
Cargo in Bulk/Bulk Cargo
国际贸易实务3.Terms of Commodity
4.2 Quality –Sale by description
Sale by descriptions or illustrations
specific descriptions, sometimes with illustrations Example
Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C, quality and technical data to be strictly in conformity with the instructions attached.
to use the name of the place of origin as the indication for quality (special local product )
Example
West-lake Longjing Tea, Grade 1, Zhejiang Origin
generally suitable for agricultural products.
G.M.Q.:
the quality of the goods offered are sufficiently good to satisfy the purposes for use or consumption which are mutually understood by the buyer and the seller
Examples
Sony Televisions Haier Refrigerators Tigerhead batteries Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C
4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
《国际贸易实务》重点词汇
Chapter 1 Introduction to International TradeNational Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会export-driven economic growth 出口导向型经济增长export tax rebates 出口退税export taxes 出口关税excess Liquidity 流动性过剩trade frictions 贸易摩擦international trade 国际贸易world trade 世界贸易foreign trade 对外贸易overseas trade 海外贸易trade in goods 货物贸易trade in services 服务贸易self-sufficient 自给自足economic resources 经济资源visible trade 有形贸易invisible trade 无形贸易dumping倾销tourism 旅游业balance of trade 贸易差额host country东道国barter 物物交换，以货易货，货物交易，易货贸易favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差(trade surplus)unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差(trade deficit)Balance of Payments 国际收支平衡，国际收支差额favorable balance of payments 国际收支顺差unfavorable balance of payments 国际收支逆差International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织Foreign Direct Investment（FDI）对外直接投资，外商直接投资Portfolio Investment 间接投资Chapter 2 International Trade Policytrade protectionism 贸易保护主义free trade 自由贸易the national interest 国家利益Doha trade talks 多哈贸易谈判acquisitions 购并trade barriers 贸易壁垒infant industries 幼稚产业quantitative restrictions 数量限制encouragements 鼓励import tariff 进口关税tariff barriers关税壁垒non-tariff barriers（NTB）非关税壁垒export taxes 出口关税export subsidies 出口补贴protective tariffs 保护性关税revenue tariff 财政关税specific duties 从量税ad valorem duties 从价税compound duties 复合税import quota 进口配额binding quota限制性(绑定)配额non-binding quota不具约束力的配额tariff-rate quotas 关税配额zero quota零配额absolute quotas 绝对配额market failures 市场失灵domestic content国内含量licensing system 许可证制度red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒“buy local” rules 本地采购规则domestic supply 国内供给domestic demand 国内需求floor price 最低限价shortfall of supply 供应短缺Government Procurement Policies 歧视性政府采购政策Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS)美国协调关税明细表Harmonized System 商品名称及编码协调制度International Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System商品名称及编码协调制度World Customs Organization (WCO)世界海关组织Customs Tariff of Import/Export of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国进出口关税条例Voluntary Export Restraint（VER）自动出口限制Multi-Fiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定Domestic Content Requirements 国内成分要求Government Procurement Policies 政府采购政策Buy America Act of 1933 1933年购买美国货法案Export Enhancement Program（EEP）美国的出口促进计划Dairy Export Incentive Program（DEIP）奶制品出口激励项目Chapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade Blockopen regionalism 开放的区域主义trade liberalization 贸易自由化most favored nation 最惠国multilateralism 多边主义Doha round 多哈回合discriminatory tariffs 歧视性关税“spaghetti bowl”意大利面碗tariff rates 关税税率trade discrimination 贸易歧视country of origin原产地trade bloc 贸易集团trade block 贸易禁运bilateral free trade agreements 双边自由贸易协定PTAs（preferential trade agreements）特殊优惠贸易协议APEC （Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Organization）亚太经合组织FTAAP（Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific）亚太自由贸易协定NAFTA（North American Free Trade Agreement）北美自由贸易区MERCOSUR南方共同市场SCCM（Southern Common Markets）南方共同市场ASEAN（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟AFTA（ASEAN Free Trade Area）东盟自由贸易区EU（European Union）欧盟（欧洲联盟）EFTA（European Free Trade Area）欧洲自由贸易区EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲经济共同体EC（the European Community）欧洲共同体free trade area 自由贸易区customs union 关税同盟common market共同市场economic union 经济同盟，经济联盟trade embargoes 贸易禁运economic sanctions 经济制裁boycotts抵制multilateral trade agreements多边贸易协定United Nations 联合国trade elasticity 贸易弹性Chapter 4 WTO：A Navigation Guidefranchise特许经营Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合WTO Agreements 世界贸易组织协议World Bank 世界银行Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程（多哈回合谈判）GATT（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）关税与贸易总协定WTO（World Trade Organization）世界贸易组织IMF（International Monetary Fund）国际货币基金组织Appellate Body 上诉机构Dispute Settlement Panels 争端解决专门小组Plurilateral Committees 诸边协议委员会Ministerial Conference 部长会议1. The General Council 常务理事会2. The Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构3. The Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策审议机构1. Goods Council 货物贸易理事会2. Services Council 服务贸易理事会3. TRIPS Council 与贸易有关的知识产权理事会The Textiles Monitoring Body 纺织品监督机构Heads of Delegations（HOD）代表团首脑The Secretariat 秘书处sustainable development 可持续发展Plurilateral Trade Agreement 诸边(复边)贸易协定Marrakesh Ministerial Meeting 马拉喀什部长会议（摩洛哥）TRIPS Agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协定Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（TRIPS）与贸易有关的知识产权General Agreement on Trade in Services （GATS）服务贸易总协定Trade-Related Investment Measures （TRIMS）与贸易有关的投资措施Trade Without Discrimination 贸易无歧视Urgent Importing Measures紧急进口措施Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇contracting parties 缔约国plurilateral agreements诸边协议national treatment 国民待遇transparency 透明度market access 市场准入navigation guide 导航patronage nations施惠国favored nations 受惠国Chapter 5 International Trade TermsL/C issuing date 信用证的开证日期seasonal commodity季节性商品partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转运shipment 装运terms of payment 支付条件draft 汇票liner 班轮trade terms，price terms，delivery terms 贸易术语，价格术语，交货术语Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年华沙--牛津规则International Law Association 国际法律协会Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）国际商会INCOTERMS 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通Value added tax（VAT）增值税United Nations Commission on International Trade Law（UNCITRAL）联合国国际贸易法律委员会multi-modal Transport多式联运inland waterway transportation内陆水运customs clearance清关shipboard（Ship’s Rail）船舷documentary sales 单据买卖cover insurance 投保symbolic delivery象征性交货unloading charge 卸货费frontier 边境quay 码头trim 平舱stow 理舱EXW（Ex Works）工厂交货FCA（Free Carrier）货交承运人FAS（Free Alongside Ship）船边交货FOB（Free on Board）装运港船上交货FOB Liner Terms (FOB班轮条件)FOB Under Tackle (FOB吊钩下交货)FOB Stowed(FOB 包理舱费在内)FOB Trimmed(FOB 包平舱费在内)CFR（Cost and Freight）成本加运费CFR Liner Terms(CFR班轮条件)CFR Landed(CFR卸到岸上)CFR Ex-Ship’s Hold(CFR舱底交货)CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）成本加保险费加运费CPT（Carriage Paid to）运费付至CIP（Carriage and Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至DAF（Delivered at Frontier）边境交货DES（Delivered Ex Ship）目的港船上交货DEQ（Delivered Ex Quay）目的港码头交货DDU（Delivered Duty Unpaid）未完税交货DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）完税后交货Chapter 6 Terms of CommoditySales by Seller’s/Buyer’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖/凭买方样品买卖Reference/Duplicate Sample 参考样品Quality Tolerance 品质公差Counter Sample 对等样品More or Less Clauses 溢短装条款Neutral Packing 中性包装Customs Formality 海关手续Inspection Certificate of Quality 质量检验证书FDA (Food and Drugs Administration) 药品及食品管理局Marking of Goods 货物标记Net Weight 净重Theoretical Weight 理论重量Gross Weight 毛重Computed Tare 约定皮重Conditioned Weight 公量Unit Weight 单位重量Moisture Content 含水量Customary Tare 习惯毛重Legal Weight 法定重量Actual Tare 实际皮重Average Tare 平均毛重BY-product 副产品AQSIQ (State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine) 国家质量监督检验检疫总局Representative Samples 代表性样品Original Samples 原始样品Type Samples 标准样品(FAQ)Fair Average Quality 中等品质(GMQ)Good Merchantable Quality 上好可销品质Animal and Plant Quarantine Office 动植物检验机关Register of Shipping 船及机构State Bureau of Metrology 国家计量局Catalogue of Export and Import Commodities Subject to Inspection 进出口商品目录Lloyd’s Surveyor 英国劳氏公证行Chapter 7 International Cargo TransportOil tankers 油轮Voyage Charter 定程租船Ro-Ro vessels 滚装船Time Charter 定期租船LASH(lighter Aboard Ship) 载驳船BBC(Bare Boat Charter) 光船租船Chartering contract 租船合同Sailing schedule 船期表Demurrage charge 滞期费Liner freight tariff 班船运价表Dispatch charge 速遣费Optional additional 选卸附加费Direct additional 直航附加费Transshipment additional 转船附加费Port congestion additional 港口拥挤附加费Forwarding agents 运输代理LCL(Less than Container Load) 拼箱货Settlement of exchange 结汇FCL(Full Container Load) 整箱货Air waybill 空运单CFS(Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站Shipping advice 装运通知Disposal rights 处置权Partial shipment/transshipment 分批装运Bill of landing 提单Clean B/L 清洁提单Order B/L 提示提单Combined transport B/L 多式联运提单Straight B/L 直接提单/记名提单Through B/L 全程提单/联运提单Liner B/L 班轮提单Ante-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Consignment note 发货通知书Blank endorsement 空白备书IATA(International Air Transport Association)国际航空运输协会Combined transport documents 联合运输单据Chapter 8 Cargo InsuranceInsurance Applicant 投保人General Average 共同海损Insurance Amount 投保金额Extraneous Risks 外来风险Insurance Policy 保险单Constructive Total Loss 推定全损Perils of the Sea 海上风险Sue and Labor Expenses 施救费用Salvage Charges 救助费用Insurance Broker 承保人Particular Average 单独海损Premium 保险费Air Transportation Cargo War Risks航空运输货物战争险Land Transportation Risks 陆运险All Risks for Land Transportation 陆运一切险Ocean Marine Insurance 海洋运输保险Air Transportation All Risks 航空运输一切险War risks 战争险Basic Risks Coverage 基本保险范围Insured Amount 保险金额T.P.N.D(Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery)偷窃与提货不着险Taint of Odor 串味险Overland Transportation Insurance 陆上运输保险Parcel Post Insurance 邮包运输保险WPA(With Particular Average) 水渍险/单独海损赔偿FPA(Free from Particular Average) 平安险Additional Risks Coverage 附加险范围Fresh water and/or Rain Damage 淡水雨淋险Insurance Certificate 保险凭证《国际贸易实务》重点词汇Chapter 9 Terms of PriceCost Structure 费用/成本结构Cost of Production 生产费用Profit Margin 边际利润率Selling Cost 销售成本Target Costing 目标成本Variable Cost 可变成本Skimming Price Strategy 撇脂定价策略Penetration Strategy 渗透策略Floating Exchange Risk 浮动汇率风险(TFC)Total Fixed Cost 总固定成本(EDLP)Everyday Low Price 每日低价Cost-based Pricing成本基础定价法Break-even Pricing 损益两平定价法Marginal Cost Pricing 边际成本定价法(BEP)Break-even Point益损两平点Invoicing Currency 计价货币Payment Currency支付货币Hard Currency 硬货币Soft Currency 软货币Exchange Rates汇率Commission/Discount 佣金/折扣Price Adjustment 价款调整Forward Market/Spot Market 期货/现货市场Forward Contract 远期合同Floating Exchange Rates 浮动汇率Forward Rate 期汇率Brokerage House 经纪公司Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报*Plain Commission 透明佣金（不确定）Secret Commission 秘密佣金Quantity Discount 数量折扣Cash Discount 现金折扣Special Discount 特别折扣Unit Price 单价FOB price 离岸价CIF price 到岸价CFR price 成本加运费价格Export-oriented Strategy Firm出口导向型公司Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration 外汇管理条例SAFE(State Administration of Foreign Exchange) 国家外汇管理局11。
Unit 2 Terms of Commodity (Part II)
3）皮重
C. 习惯皮重（Customary Tare） 对于比较规格化的包装，按市场公认的包装重量，无需对
包装逐件过秤，而按习惯上公认的皮重乘以总件数即可。 这种已被公认的皮重，即为习惯皮重。 比如：机制麻袋（运粮食的），习惯重2.5磅或2.25磅。 D. 约定皮重（Computed Tare） 即按买卖双方约定的包装重量为准，不必过秤。当事人双 方在贸易合同中约定外包装的重量，即为约定皮重，卖方 须对包装重量负法律责任。 国际上有多种计算皮重的方法，究竟采用哪一种方法来求 得净重，应根据商品的性质、所使用的包装的特点、合同 数量的多寡以及交易习惯，由双方当事人事先约定并列入 合同，以免事后引起争议。
2. Measuring Units and Measuring Methods
在国际货物贸易中，由于商品的种类、特性和
各国度量衡制度不同，故计量单位和计量方法 也多种多样。了解各种度量衡制度，熟悉各种 计量单位的特定含义和计量方法，乃是外贸从 业人员必须具备的基本常识和技能。
（1）Measuring Units
56磅，燕麦为32磅，大豆和小麦为60磅。
加仑和蒲式耳在英制和美制中也有区别，英制代表的量比美制代表的量要多
些。
（2） Measuring Methods
不同的商品有不同的计量单位，计量方法也不同。一般根据商品
的性质、包装方式、运输方法、市场习惯等决定计量方法。
国际货物贸易中，使用最多的计量单位是重量单位，也只有重量
国际货物贸易中使用的计量单位很多，究竟采用何种计量单位，除主要取决
于商品的种类、特点外，还取决于贸易习惯和交易双方的意愿。 1）度量衡制度 (Measuring Systems) 世界各国的度量衡制度不同，致使计量单位上存在差异，即同一计量单 位所表示的数量不同。 在国际贸易中，通常采用的度量衡制度有： A. 公制（the Metric System）（又称米制） 如公吨、米、公斤、平方米、升等单位。 （西欧、中美洲、南美洲、东南亚及多数非洲国家采用） B. 英制（the British System） 如长吨、升(liter)、英寸、码、呎等单位。 （西欧部分国家和澳大利亚、新西兰使用） C. 美制（the U.S. System） 如短吨、加仑 (gallon)（液量）、蒲式耳（干量）等单位。 （美国和加拿大多使用）
Chapter2 Terms of Commodity 国际贸易实务双语课件
1. Sale by Actual Commodity
1.1 Sale by Inspection
Agricultural product
Car exhibition
1.2 Sale by Sample
The transaction that is concluded on the basis of the sample representing the quality of the whole lot can be called sale by sample.
Significance:
a. Refers to the value of use and the value of the commodity. b. Affects the market price and marketability of the commodity. c. Involves the relevant corporate and even a country's reputation.
product • Paying attention to the appropriate choice of commodity name
Section 2 Quality of Commodity Definition :
The integration of the outward appearance and the intrinsic attributes of the commodities.
Methods of stipulating quality of the goods
1. Sale by actual commodity
Chapter 2Terms of Commodity《外贸英语》PPT课件
quantity of commodity and packing of commodity.
2.1 Name and quality of commodity
2.1.1 Name of commodity
is a main component
grade，standard or brand，etc of the goods. But
different goods have different quality，and the methods
of stipulating quality of the goods are also different.
Chapter 2 Terms of Commodity
In international trade，the seller must deliver the goods which are of name，quality，quantity required by the contract，and which are packed in the manner required by the contract. The failure of which will result in the disputes between the seller and the buyer.
measured by weight. Weight can be calculated in the following ways：
By Gross Weight
By Condition ed Weight
By Net Weight
By Theoretic al Weight