二氧化碳升高对森林生态系统碳循环的影响

b) Block One
Cont rol
N
Cont rol
N
16 m
Cont rol
Cont rol
N
N
Iversen at al(2005).
12 m
对森林生态系统NPP的影响
Declining N availability constrained the tree response to elevated CO2.
No acclimation or down-regulation of photosynthesis
(Nijs et al., 1997; Medlyn et al., 2001;Ainsworth et al., 2003b; Leakey et al., 2006; Darbah, 2007; Ainsworth and Rogers, 2007; Paoletti et al., 2007).
Duke Forest FACE site
Hendrey et al.(1999). Global Chang Biology.5:293-309
Duke Forest FACE site
Hendrey et al.(1999). Global Chang Biology.5:293-309
1980s
Open-top Chambers
Tunnels FACE(Free-Air CO2 Enrichment) 1990s
二、森林生态系统FACE实验简介
Ainsworth & Long(2005) . New Phytologist.165: 351–372
Name
location
对森林生态系统光合作用的影响
Elevated [CO2]
Elevated [CO2]
+Photosynthesis
As times go on
Acclimation
?
对森林生态系统光合作用的影响
Photosynthetic acclimation (down-regulation)
(Moore et al., 1999; Tissue et al., 1999; Griffin et al., 2000; Rogers et al., 2004; Bernacchi et al., 2005).
EUROFACE
Miglietta et al(2001). New Phytologist.150: 465–476
EUROFACE
Miglietta et al(2001). New Phytologist.150: 465–476
Oak Ridge Experiment
Norby et al (2001) .New Phytologist 150: 477–487
ecosyste m
Elevated [CO2] ambient +200
First End Site description reference year of year of exposure exposure 1996 2010 Hendrey et al.(1999)
Web site
Duke Forest FACE site
Norby et al (2010) PNAS.107.(ORNL-FACE)
对森林生态系统根系的影响
Has elevated [CO2] affected root biomass or root proliferation or the turnover of the fine root
对森林生态系统根系的影响
Darbah et al(2010). Environmental Pollution .158 :983–991
对森林生态系统光合作用的影响
No evidence of photosynthetic acclimation under either elevated CO2.
85%, 55%, 35%, 69% and 30%
Darbah et al(2010). Environmental Pollution .158 :983–991(ASEPN-FACE)
对森林生态系统光合作用的影响
Net photosynthesis of upper-canopy foliage was 48% (July) and 42% (September) higher in CO2-enriched trees and showed no sign of down-regulation.
Bader&Koner(2010).Planta.232:1115–1125(SCC-FACE)
对森林生态系统NPP的影响
NPP 的计算
Stem Allometry : DM = f(BA, H, density……) Coarse root Allometry: DM = f(BA)
Fine root Minirhizotrons and in-growth cores
Biomass production doubled under elevated [CO2]; Response at depth to alleviate N limitation.
Iversen et al(2008). New Phytologist.179: 837–847(ORNL-FACE)
对森林生态系统NPP的影响
1998
Hamilton et al(2002). Oecologia .131:250–260（Duke-FACE）
对森林生态系统NPP的影响
1998
Байду номын сангаас
+27%
Hamilton et al(2002). Oecologia .131:250–260（Duke-FACE）
ambient +200
1998
2009
Norby et al (2001)
/ind ex.html
ambient +200
1998
2010 Harvest
Dickson et al (2000)
/ind ex.html
对森林生态系统根系的影响
On average in elevated CO2, fine-root biomass in the top 15 cm of soil increased by 24%.
Jackson et al(2009).Ecology.90(12):3352–3366(Duke-FACE）
Leaf Litter traps
1000 800 600 400 200 0 25-Jan
15-Mar
4-May
23-Jun
12-Aug
1-Oct
20-Nov
Understory Harvest
对森林生态系统NPP的影响
9.2% 7.2% 4.5%
Hamilton et al(2002). Oecologia .131:250–260（Duke-FACE）
/index.html
The Aspen FACE Experiment
It is large. Combining CO2 and O3 exposures.
The trees will be exposed to the CO2 and O3 treatments throughout the experiment from small, 1year-old plants to mature trees.
Elevated [CO2] Photosynthesis NPP
Soil respiration Soil carbon pool
Fine root
对森林生态系统光合作用的影响
对森林生态系统光合作用的影响
Liquidambar styraciflua in the understory at Duke-FACE: +63%（Herrick &Thomas.2001); L. styraciflua at ORNL-FACE: +44%(Sholtis et al. 2004); three Populus species at POP-FACE: +49%(Liberloo et al. 2007）; Review: +46% in trees( Ainsworth and Rogers.2007);
The Aspen FACE Experiment
Dickson et al (2000)
The Swiss Canopy Crane Project (SCC)
http://pages.unibas.ch/botschoen/scc/index.shtml
三、CO2升高对森林碳循环的影响
Orange County, North Carolina, USA (35o97'N, 79o09'W)
Loblolly Pine forest
http://face.env.duke.ed u/main.cfm
Oak Ridge Roane County, Sweetgu Experimen TN, m t USA(35°54′N, Plantatio n 84°20′W) The Aspen Rhinelander, WI, Aspen USA forest FACE Experimen (45°36′N, t 89°42′W) EUROFAC E The Swiss Canopy Crane Project Viterbo, Italy (42°37′N, 11°80′E) ~15 km south of Basel, Switzerland （47°28′ N, 7°30′ E） Poplar plantatio n Amature forests