高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)含解析
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen "at risk" patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: "I am so excited about this form of technology." Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. "I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare."The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. "This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient." Prof Young said, "Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier."（1）What does the underlined phrase "screen" in Paragraph2 mean?A. comfortB. treatC. spotD. nurse（2）How do supercomputers help save lives?A. By storing blood samples.B. By analyzing patients' cases.C. By observing changes in blood cells.D. By assisting doctors with their operations.（3）Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?A. To show the influence of AI.B. To stress the importance of health care.C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers.D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.（4）What do we know about the new technology?A. It helps patients recover earlier.B. It has helped save thousands of lives.C. It will promote the health service greatly.D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
（1）考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. ”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。
此处screen意为“筛查”。
故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Computers asses s blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。
故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的"I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare." 杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。
故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier." 可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．犇犇阅读理解Slowly but surely we're moving closer and closer to 5G world. From smart-home security to self-driving cars, all the internet-connected devices in your life will be able to talk to each other at lightning-fast speeds with reduced delay, Objectively speaking, the fastest 4G download speeds in the U. S. top out at an average of 19.42 Mbps. But by comparison 5G promises gigabit (千兆) speeds.“5G is one of those signs, along with artificial intelligence, of this coming data age,” said Steve Koenig, senior director of market research for the Consumer Technology Association. “The self-driving vehicle is a great emblem of this data age, and that is to say, it is a sign of time, because with one single task, driving, you have massive amounts of data coming from the vehicle itself, and a variety of sensors are collecting a lot of information to model its environment as it moves. It's pulling in data from other vehicles about road conditions down the lane. It could be weather information, but also connected infrastructure (基础设施) construction. There's lots of data behind that task, which is why we need high speed.Augmented reality glasses and virtual headset haven't yet broken the mainstream, but tech companies are joyfully betting that these devices will eventually replace our smartphones. With 5G, that could actually happen. This is notable because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to assist — or perhaps even replace — smartphones.Ericsson stated at February's Mobile World Congress how smart glasses could become faster and lighter with a 5G connection, because instead of being weighed down with components, the glasses could rely on hardware for processing power.But don't get too excited. There's still a lot of work to be done in the meantime, including various trials to make sure the radios play nicely with hardware and infrastructure construction so 5G isn't concentrated only in big cities.（1）What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 1?A. The lighting-fast speed of 5G.B. The expectation of 5G world.C. The difference between 4G and 5G.D. The internet-connected devices in our life.（2）What does the underlined word "emblem" in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Exhibition.B. Success.C. Symbol.D. Explanation.（3）We can infer from the text that ________.A. 5G world won't come without AR glassesB. 5G helps to create the artificial intelligence vehicleC. Apple company is developing AR glasses worldwideD. Tech companies will face the fact that smartphones may be replaced（4）What will the author probably tell us next?A. How to fully expand 5G coverage.B. Smart glasses will become faster and lighter.C. Why 5G isn't concentrated in big cities.D. The importance of infrastructure construction.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们离5G世界越来越近了。
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项训练及答案含解析
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项训练及答案含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。
When we see a person in trouble, the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand. But what if we see an animal in trouble, does the same rule apply?This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully (峡谷) in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties. The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope (斜坡) so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching this film let out a sighof relief. "I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.However, others think human interference (干涉) is unnatural. "You can't have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything else would only make matters worse," said the show's creator David Attenborough, according to The Times.In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, said that this was a one-off situation. "There were no animals going to suffer by interfering. You weren't touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this... they had the chance not to have to keep slipping downthe slope," he told the BBC.Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic. He told Metro, "If it's ever a predator (捕食者) situation, no matter how gut-wrenching, you stay out ofthe way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear.""There's no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right therein front of you," Will Lawson, the show's director, told Daily Mail.（1）What has led to a heated media discussion?A.People's various remarks on penguins.B.The rescue of penguins from a gully.C.Some penguins' sufferings in a gully.D.Ways of filming the series Dynasties.（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference?A.Kathryn Shaw.B.Will Lawson.C.Paul Nieklen.D.David Attenborough.（3）Which of the following best explains the word "gut-wrenching" underlined in paragraph 6?A.Putting one in place.B.Making one confused.C.Putting one in danger.D.Making one heartbroken.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Reasons for the Necessity of Lending a Hand to AnimalsB.Suggestions on How to Protect Animals From DangerC.Effects of Human Interference on Dangerous AnimalsD.Opinions on Whether to Help Animals in Trouble or Not【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。
【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)含解析
【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that talking to plants encourages them to grow have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may actually be right and they could be listening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plant's "ears" to help them detect the sound of approaching insects.When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three minutes the sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased. The fluid, produced to attract pollinating (授粉) insects, was on average 20 percent higher in flowers exposed to the buzz compared to those left in silence or exposed to higher pitched sounds. Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the study, said: "Our results document for the first time that plants can rapidly respond to pollinator sounds in an ecologically relevant way."However, Prof Hadany said a plant's ability to respond to pollinators may be weakened in city environments or beside a busy road. While plants require water, sunlight and the right temperature to grow, it is widely believed they do not have senses in the way animals do.But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their plants may not be in vain. "Plants' ability to hear has implications well beyond pollination—plants could potentially hear and respond to herbivores, other animals, the elements, and possibly other plants," Prof Hadany added.A month-long experiment conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2009 found female voices appear to speed up the growth of tomatoes. The research offers a possible explanation —women's voices were at the right frequency for the plants to hear.（1）What's evening primrose flowers' response to bees' buzz?A. Longer bloom.B. Sweeter nectar.C. Brighter color.D. Less fluid.（2）Where can plants grow better according to Hadany?A. On a square.B. Beside a highway.C. In the woods.D. Along the street.（3）What can we infer from the research?A. Prince Charles proves kind of stupid.B. Plants can only potentially hear animals.C. Plants respond to sounds slowly and ecologically.D. Plants gardeners talk to frequently develop well.（4）What does the text mainly talk about?A. Flowers can hear.B. Bees are best pollinators.C. Plants can't grow without sound.D. Women's voices improve plants' growth.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与植物的交流可以促其生长。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读理解Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning.RMIT's Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.”The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected.“If math doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer.Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered?A. The relationship between brain size and brain power.B. Long-term rules and short term working memory.C. Bees can perform complex arithmetic operations.D. Bees can do basic mathematics.（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees' numerical cognition ________.A. requires addition and subtraction two complex processingB. has a possible effect on the future development of AIC. only involves their short-term working memoryD. calls for a lot of maths knowledge（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest?A. Bees can recogize the exact number.B. Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.C. Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.D. Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.（4）What can be the best title for the text?A. A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of BeesB. New Findings About Bees Having Numerical CogintionC. Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of ProcessingD. The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题训练答案及解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题训练答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission."The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change," she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.（2）What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)及解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Moving in with a boyfriend causes women to eat more unhealthily and put on weight. But the opposite is true for men, whose long-term health benefits when they move in with a female partner.Dieticians at Newcastle University said both partners try to please one another, and so change their dietary habits to suit their other half.It leads men to eat more light meals, such as salads, fruit and vegetables, while women choose to make creamier, heavier dishes curry or rich pasta sauces, which may please their partner. Women still have the strongest long-term influence over the couple's diet and lifestyle, as they still have the traditional role of shopper and cook in most households.The report, by Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre, reviewed the finding of a variety of research projects from the UK, North America and Australia, which looked at the eating and lifestyle habits of couples.The research shows that women are more likely to put on weight and increase their consumption of foods high in fat and sugar when they move in with their partnerWomen also use food as a comfort when dealing with emotional stress and have been found to gain weight when a relationship ends, while the same finding has not been observed in men.Many couples reported food as being central to their partnership, and eating together in the evening was particularly important to many.Report author and registered dietician Dr. Amelia Lake said, "The research has shown that your partner is a strong influence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration."（1）According to the passage, moving in with a girlfriend, men ________.A. have few changes of their dietary habitsB. have to eat more unhealthy foodsC. don't like foods high in fat and sugar at allD. try to eat foods that their girlfriends like（2）The underlined word "light" (in Paragraph 4) probably means ________.A. not very heavyB. less in fat and sugarC. gentleD. not serious or important （3）According to the report by Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre, ________.A. women put on weight only because they want to suit their other halfB. when men are faced with emotional stress, they will change their dietary habitsC. eating together in the evening is a good way to communicate for couplesD. it is wrong to change your dietary habits to suit your partner（4）From the passage, we can infer that ________.A. women should pay more attention to their partner's influence on themB. more men will play roles of shopper and cook in most householdsC. couples will not change their dietary habits and lifestyle to please their partnerD. long-term health of men benefits when they move in with a female partner（5）What would be the best title for the passage?A. Don't be silly any more, women!B. Which are better dietary habits?C. Boyfriends make you fatD. Dr. Amelia Lake and his study【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。
【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)含解析
【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forestsin these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken inby the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling."We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere." Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.（1）According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ________.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there（2）The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT ________.A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphereB. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increaseC. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into spaceD. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun（3）Earlier studies about northern forest fires ________.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect the environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming（4）The underlined phrase "soak up" in the last paragraph most probably means ________.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. distributed（5）From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ________.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读理解Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises－the phonemes (音素) of a language－each cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages.But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. We'd rather think of language as product of our thought rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齿音)－those such as f and v－that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f come to take the place of p. Romans said "pater" but English speakers (unless they're Rees－Moggs) say "father".Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must combine sound and meaning, and the meaning can't exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味觉).（1）Compared with adults, babies could more easily .A. create significant noisesB. classify the forms of noisesC. understand the Greek languageD. distinguish meaningful sounds（2）According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language?A. Lips and teeth.B. Jobs and habits.C. Age and regions.D. Food and thinking.（3）The reason for farmers' making sounds of "f" and "v" is .A. enjoying more cooked foodsB. biting more with front teethC. constantly chewing harder foodsD. growing up with lager lower jaws（4）By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal .A. jaws help shape our thoughtB. food determines our thoughtC. diet has some influence on languageD. language consists of sound and meaning【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)
高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读理解A single dose(剂量) of an experimental vaccine(疫苗) can protect mice against the Zika(寨卡) virus, raising renewed hope of a vaccine for humans, say scientists. The US team say the results, published in Nature, are "striking" and should encourage research efforts.Tests in humans could begin in months. But even if these go well, a licensed vaccine for widespread use to protect those at most risk -such as pregnant women -would still be years away, experts advise. Zika has been spreading across Central and South America and, most recently, Africa. More than 60 countries and territories now have continuing transmission(传播) of the disease, which is carried by mosquitoes. The virus causes serious birth damages during pregnancy and has been declared a global public health emergency.Now, developing a vaccine for pregnant women to protect their unborn babies is an international research priority(优先事项). US scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School tested two types of Zika vaccine in mice – one based on bits of genetic(基因的) code from the virus and another that is an inactive (and therefore harmless) copy of Zika. Both worked well, protecting every mouse that was immunised against the virus. In comparison, all of the mice not given the vaccine caught Zika after they were exposed to it.Researchers say they will push ahead with developing the needed virus vaccine. There are many existing vaccines for other disease that use this type of technology, while there are relatively few DNA-based vaccines. Of course, future tests will need to check the vaccine is safe and effective in humans, as well as how long the immunity might last.（1）If the tests in humans go smoothly, .A. a vaccine for use in the laboratory will be still be years away.B. pregnant women in Africa will be the first to benefit from the vaccine.C. a licensed vaccine will still not be accessible in a short term.D. The Zika virus will cause less serious birth defects during pregnancy in months.（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. many countries are actively involved in the research of the Zika vaccine.B. US scientists have tested more than two types of Zika vaccine in mice.C. None of the mice given the vaccine caught Zika.D. It is still unknown whether the vaccine is safe and effective.（3）Which can be the best title for the passage?A. Zika vaccine 'works very well' in miceB. Zika vaccine still has a long way to goC. International researches into Zika have paid offD. More attention has been paid to Zika vaccine【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭。
【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)及解析
【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposes eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for selecting those that appeared angry.Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. That's because the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face.After some training like how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions.They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer "game" That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed.The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touch-screen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.（1）How did the scientists conduct the experiment?A.By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry.B.By mixing the selected dogs together.C.By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screenD.By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces.（2）The underlined word "trepidation" in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.A.fear and hesitationB.curiosity and eagernessC.excitement and happinessD.doubt and sadness（3）According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________.A.are fond of the male facesB.are uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire facesC.have difficulty telling the moods on the faces of malesD.can only recognize emotions of females（4）What is the best title for this passage?A.Mood Changes Influence DogsB.Dogs Identify the MoodsC.dogs and Their OwnersD.Dog's Mood Research【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新的实验发现，即狗能够识别人的面部表情的变化。
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
When athletes at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics collect their medals, they'll not only be wearing something that celebrates their sporting performance, but something that symbolizes lastingness. For both the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics, organizers aim to make all of the gold, silver, and bronze medals out of used electronics. This strong message about how to make use of e-waste has gotten a lot of Japan involved.Starting in April 2017, the Japanese Olympic Committee began collecting old laptops, digital cameras, smartphones, and other abandoned electronics. The initiative (倡议) has achieved great success. Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and they're in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March.When looking just at the number of cell phones collected, the amount of waste is shocking. In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. Japan's largest mobile phone operator allowed the public to turn in phones at their shops, which counted a lot in the project's success.After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics underwent a smelting process to extract (提炼) all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. Thanks to this initiative, the worldwide struggle with e-waste will have a global platform. According to a study published by the United Nations University—44.7 million metric tons of e-waste were made in 2016. Only 20% of that was actually recycled. Unfortunately, this figure is set to rise significantly in the coming years, moving to 52.2 million metric tons by 2021. So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, it's a good start in showing what the public can do if they're made more aware of the issue.（1）What can be learnt about Tokyo Olympics initiative from the passage?A. E-waste in the world is increasing significantly.B. It is easy to get elements needed from the used electronics.C. Only producers of electronics participated in the project.D. NTT DOCOMO contributed to the success of the project.（2）Which can best replace the underlined word "homestretch" in Paragraph 2?A. starting periodB. collection effortC. final stageD. hard search（3）What influence does the Tokyo Olympics initiative have?A. It offers an effective method to solve the problem of e-waste.B. It shows the power of advanced technology in daily life.C. It saves the expense spent in making all the medals.D. It encourages the public's involvement in dealing with e-waste.（4）What is the writer's attitude to the Tokyo Olympics initiative?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. AmbiguousD. Indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。