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以下是伯乐论文网该专业众多范文中的一篇：基于多糖及其改性物的复合材料结构和性能的毕业论文【论文内容】由于石油资源的日渐枯竭和非可降解高分子材料引起的环境污染日益严重，大力研究和开发以天然高分子为主体的生物质材料势在必行。

化学接枝改性和物理共混改性是高分子领域开发新材料简便而有效的途径，是制备高分子合金的主要方法。

壳聚糖、甲壳素、淀粉、海藻酸、纤维素等天然多糖以其良好的环境相容性、可再生性及资源丰富等优点而备受关注。

同时，壳聚糖的羟基和氨基、甲壳素的羟基和乙酰基、淀粉的羟基、海藻酸的羟基和羧基以及纤维素的羟基，能较容易地经过化学改性官能化或物理改性形成强相互作用力，制备出具有良好生物相容性与性能乃至功能化的复合材料。

本论文的创新性点包括：(1)通过作为药物载体和组织工程支架材料的纤维素衍生物物理改性大豆蛋白，制备出具有生物医用潜力和环境友好的复合材料；(2)微波引发开环聚合制备出壳聚糖接枝聚己内酯、甲壳素晶须接枝聚己内酯、淀粉接枝聚己内酯，可用于改性和直接热成型制备出多糖纳米复合材料；(3)通过离子交联的方法制备出具有海藻酸pH响应和大豆蛋白免疫功能的药物靶向释放复合凝胶微球，药物释放性能的研究证明其适于肠和结肠部位的定位释放；(4)通过调控纳米片晶外的PEO链段的长度与大豆蛋白基质作用，制备出性能可控的环糊精(β-CD)／嵌段共聚物(Pluronic)自组装纳米片晶复合大豆蛋白塑料。

本论文主要研究内容如下：1．将纤维素衍生物物理改性填充大豆分离蛋白(SPI)制备出生物可降解复合材料，用X-射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)和拉伸测试进行表征并对纤维素衍生物的种类和添加量对结构和性能的影响进行研究，本实验选用的纤维素衍生物为甲基纤维素(MC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和羟丙基纤维素(HPC)。

在加入少量纤维素衍生物时，在SPI基质中呈单分子分散表现出良好的相容性；随着纤维素衍生物所占比例的增加，形成独立结晶微区，其结构呈现出网状和聚合态。

在HEC／SPI和MC／SPI 体系中，可以同时达到增强增韧的效果。

而添加适量的MC也可以达到增加拉伸强度的效果。

2．利用微波辅助开环聚合制备壳聚糖接枝聚己内酯(CP)，复合改性聚己内酯(PCL)，用FTIR、元素分析对接枝共聚物(CP)进行表征，复合材料则通过XRD、DSC、动态力学热分析(DMA)和拉伸测试进行表征。

CP／PCL复合材料的力学性能显示出同步增强、增韧的效果。

值得关注的是，CP／PCL复合材料的拉伸强度和伸长率最高可分别达到29.92 MPa和1733％，约为纯PCL的2倍和3倍。

CP组分促进了复合材料的结晶，但对PCL的相区结构没有明显的影响。

同时，接枝PCL链诱导形成了共连续的界面结构并增进了组分间相容性。

复合材料内较高的结晶结构和壳聚糖分子链段的刚性赋予了材料更高的强度；而且共连续界面结构和组分间的相容性明显地提高了材料的伸长率。

3．利用微波辅助开环聚合制备甲壳素晶须接枝聚己内酯(CWP)，并通过注塑成型制成复合片材，通过FTIR、元素分析、透射电镜(TEM)对接枝共聚物(CP)进行表征，复合材料则通过XRD、接触角、DSC、DMA和拉伸测试进行表征。

发现随着反应中己内酯单体对甲壳素晶须质量比的增高，接枝组成也发生变化，接枝率上升，其力学性能也随之明显提高。

聚己内酯含量最高的甲壳素晶须接枝聚己内酯片材(PCW-Ⅲ)的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率达到了29.7MPa和1148.37％。

甲壳素晶须上接枝链段的组成影响了复合材料内的结晶结构，结合甲壳素晶须纳米结构所具有的刚性，赋予了材料更高的强度。

同时，借助接枝的PCL链形成共连续的界面结构及其诱导组分间优良的相容性，明显地提高了材料的伸长率。

甲壳素晶须接枝聚己内酯纳米复合材料中，除甲壳素晶须的刚性链段对其材料基质间的结晶行为产生影响并导致力学性能的提高外，接枝链之间的缠结也影响到材料的力学性能及热力性能。

4．利用微波辅助开环聚合制备淀粉接枝聚己内酯(SP)，并通过注塑成型制成片材，用FTIR、元素分析对接枝共聚物(SP)进行表征，复合材料则通过XRD、DSC、DMA和拉伸测试进行表征。

发现随着反应中己内酯单体对淀粉质量比的增高，接枝共聚物中淀粉的含量在上升，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率同步提高。

淀粉含量最高的淀粉接枝聚己内酯复合片材(PS-Ⅲ)的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率为20.94MPa和11.39％，分别达到了淀粉含量最低的淀粉聚己内酯复合片材(PS-Ⅰ)的2和3倍。

淀粉上接枝链段的长短影响了复合材料内的结晶结构，结合淀粉分子链段的刚性，赋予了材料更高的强度。

同时，借助接枝的PCL链段形成的共连续结构及诱导的组分间相容性，明显地提高了材料的伸长率。

淀粉接枝聚己内酯复合材料中，除淀粉的刚性链段对其材料基质间的结晶行为产生影响并导致力学性能的提高外，共聚物接枝链之间的缠结和相互作用也影响到材料的力学性能及热力性能。

5．由海藻酸和大豆分离蛋白共混溶液通过钙离子交联制得共混凝胶球，研究了其作为药物载体的潜力。

通过FTIR、XRD、SEM、紫外光谱对其结构和性能进行了表征。

凝胶球内各组分之间具有相容性，这种相容性是由强氢键作用驱动的。

通过SEM图片可知当海藻酸和大豆分离蛋白为相同比例时相容性最好，具有平滑均一的形貌。

选用茶碱作为模型药物，研究共混凝胶微球的控释功能，其溶胀和药物控释受pH环境影响，模拟胃、小肠、结肠的不同pH值环境中表现表象出不同的释放行为，适合在小肠和结肠定位释放药物。

复合凝胶球不仅具有海藻酸的pH相应性能，同时还继承了大豆蛋白的生理活性，可望降低药物的副作用。

6．将不同PEO链段的Pluronic共聚物和β-CD混合后自组装，形成一系列的表面自由PEO链长度的刚性纳米片晶，在增强大豆蛋白质塑料的同时提高了其抗水性。

少量的纳米片晶可均匀分散于大豆蛋白基质中，达到最优的拉伸强度和杨氏模量。

随着纳米片晶含量的增加，其和大豆蛋白分子间的排斥力以及长方体大聚集体的出现，导致了力学性能的下降。

具有最长的自由PEO链段的纳米片晶借助PEO链段嵌入大豆蛋白基质并产生相互作用，在提高拉伸强度的同时最大程度地保持了断裂伸长率。

同时，具有适中长度的自由PEO链段的纳米片晶表现出最高的抗水性。

由此可见，自组装的特性可以实现对纳米片晶的结构的调控，进而达到设计纳米复合物的结构并优化性能的目的。

上述有关改性多糖基材料的结构和性能之间的关系以及功能性的基础研究成果为其进一步的开发和应用提供了重要的科学数据。

因此，本论文具有理论意义和应用前景，并且符合国家的环保政策和可持续发展战略。

【英文摘要】 With the wide use of non-degraded polymer-based materials, environmental pollution caused by the waste is increasing and the petroleum-based resource is gradually exhausting. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel polymeric material mainly derived from natural polymer. Chemical grafting and physical blending is a handy and important way to exploit high performance polymeric materials, which has become a new branch in polymer material science and engineering. It can optimize mechanical properties or bring out new functions. Chitosan, chitin, starch, alginate and cellulose have attracted wide attention because of their good biodegradability, renew-ability and plentiful resource. Meanwhile, hydroxyl groups and amino groups in chitosan, hydroxyl groups and acetyl groups in chitin, hydroxyl groupsin starch, hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups in alginate, hydroxyl groups in cellulose facilitate the forming of new grafting segment of copolymer or inter-molecular hydrogen bonds with other polymers, which usually leads to good miscibility, and even high performances and new function.The creative points in this thesis are as follows: (1) A series of chitosan-g-polycaprolactone (CP), chitinwhisker-g-polycaprolactone (CWP) andstarch-g-polycarprolactone (SP) were prepared by initiating ring-open polymerization ofε-caprolactone (ε-CL) onto chitosan, chitin whisker and starch assisted with microwave, and then provided high-performance materials as precursor. (2) A series of biodegradable composites with enhanced mechanical properties, based on various cellulose derivatives and soy protein isolate (SPI), have been produced. The effect of side groups and content of cellulose derivatives have been concluded.(3) The complex microspheres based on alginate (AL) and SPI were prepared by solution blending and then Ca~(2+) crosslinking, and their function as pH sensitivity drug carrier was explored as well. (4) The self-assembled rigid supramolecular nanoplatelets (SN) from Pluronic polymers with various lengths of polyethylene oxide (PEO) andβ-cyclodextrin have reinforcedthe soy protein isolate (SPI)-based biodegradable plastics in terms of strength and modulus but at the expense of elongation. Meanwhile, the nanoplatelets with moderate length of free PEO segments showed optimal water resistance.The main contents in this thesis are as follows:1. Biodegradable and biocompatible composites based on SPI and various cellulose derivatives have been prepared, and the effects of the content and species of cellulose derivatives on the structures and mechanical properties for the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope and tensile test. The selected cellulose derivatives, such as methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), were miscible with SPI when the content of cellulose derivatives was low, and then the isolated crystalline domains, shown as the structures of network and great aggregate, formed with an increase of cellulose derivative content. The miscible blends could produce the higher strength, and even result in the simultaneous enhancement of strength and elongation for the HEC/SPI and MC/SPI blends. Meanwhile, the moderate content of great MC domains also reinforced the materials.2.Chitosan-g-polycaprolactone (CP) was prepared via microwaveassisted ring-open polymerization, and their structures and compositions were measured by FTIR and elemental analysis. The CP was compounded into PCL to produce simultaneous reinforced and toughed materials, i.e. over 2-fold of tensile strength and ca. 3-fold of elongation in contrast to neat PCL. The dependence of structures and mechanical properties on the content and structure of CP for the composites was investigated by XRD, DSC, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and tensile test. The rigidity of chitosan contributed to high strength, while the co-continuous interfacial structure and miscibility between two components mediated grafted PCL obviously enhanced the elongation of composite materials.3. Chitinwhisker-g-polycaprolactone (CWP) was also prepared via microwave assisted ring-open polymerization, and then directly injection molded as the sheets. The structure and composition of CWP were measured by FTIR, transmission electron microscope and elemental analysis, and the structures and mechanical properties for the molded plastics were investigated by XRD, DSC, DMTA, contact angle and tensile tests. With an increase of weight ratio ofε-caprolactone monomer vs. chitin whisker, the weight fraction of PCL increased, resulting in the obvious improvement of mechanical properties. When the PCL content wasthe highest, the tensile strength and elongation reached 29.7MPa and 1148.37%, respectively. Herein, the rigidity of chitin whisker contributed to high strength, while theco-continuous interfacial structure and miscibility between two components mediated with grafted PCL segment enhanced the elongation.4. Starch-g-polycaprolactone (SP) was prepared by grafting polycaprolactone (PCL) onto starch via microwave assisted ring-open polymerization, and then directly injection molded as the sheets. The structure and composition of SP were measured by FTIR and elemental analysis, and the structures and mechanical properties for the sheets were also investigated by XRD, DSC, DMTA and tensile tests. With an increase of weight ratio ofε-caprolactone monomer vs. starch, the weight fraction of starch increased. When the starch content was the highest, the tensile strength and elongation ratio reached 20.94MPa and 11.39% respectively, which were over 2-fold of tensile strength and ca. 3-fold of elongation of the composites with the lowest starch content. Herein, the starch component contributed to high strength, while the co-continuous interfacial structure and miscibility between two components mediated with grafted PCL segment favored the enhancement in the elongation.5. The complex microspheres based on alginate(AL) and soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared by solution blending and then Ca~(2+) crosslinking, and their function as drug carrier was explored as well. The effects of composition on the structures of microspheres were studied, and the XRD results proved the miscibility between components. Meanwhile, FTIR results suggested that such miscibility was driven by strong hydrogen bonding. Especially, the complex microsphere with equal content of AL and SPI had the best miscibility by morphological analysis, shown as a smooth and uniform surface in SEM images. The controlled release function of the complex microspheres were verified using theophylline as a drug model, that is, the swelling and drug release were affected by pH conditions and showed obvious differences under given pH of stomach, intestine, and colon. Moreover, the intestine and colon may be optimal site for prompt release of drugs. Except for the attribution of AL component to pH sensitivity, the complex microspheres also inherited the bioactivity of SPI component, which may lower irritants of drug to the tissues.6. The self-assembled rigid supramolecular nanoplatelets (SN) from Pluronic polymers with various lengths of polyethylene oxide (PEO) andβ-cyclodextrin (β-CD) have reinforced the SPI-based biodegradable plastics in terms of strength andmodulus but at the expense of elongation. Meanwhile, the water resistance, which limited the application of the SPI plastics, was also enhanced. The low loading of nanoplatelets was able to disperse into SPI matrix homogeneously, which resulted in reinforcement in nanocomposites. With an increase of nanoplatelets loading, the repulsion between nanoplatelets and SPI matrix occurred, accompanying with the formation of rectangle objects, resulted in a decrease of mechanical performance of the nanocomposites. The nanoplatelets with longest free PEO segments produced highest strength with least loss of elongation by virtue of enhanced association with SPI matrix mediated by PEO segments. Meanwhile, the nanoplatelets with moderate length of free PEO segments showed optimal water resistance. Herein, the reinforcing function of a supramolecular nanoplatelet, similar to the structure of layered silicate, was verified.The result of the above foundation researches dealing with the composite materials based on grafted and physical modified poly- andoligo-saccharide have provided important scientific data for the further development and application. As a result, this thesis shows a scientific significance and the prospects of applications, which is well consistent with the target ofenvironmental protection and the strategy of sustainable development.由于篇幅所限，以上题目对应的毕业论文范文请到【伯乐论文网】查阅，另外，你可以根据自身需求定制毕业论文写作服务，在线咨询何老师qq【149-1529-079】如果您还在为论文的写作烦恼，立刻搜索“伯乐论文网”获得在线写作指导，数百名在线论文辅导专家等着您。