2#楼大体积混凝土施工方案
答案2
一、名词解释（每个2分，共10分）1、球面角超：球面四边形或三角形内角之和与平面四边形或三角形内角之差称为四边形球面角超或三角形球面角超。
2、总椭球体：总椭球体的中心与地球的质心重合，其短轴与地球的地轴重合，起始子午面与起始天文子午面重合，而且与地球体最佳密合的椭球体。
3、大地主题反算：已知椭球面上两点的大地经纬度求解两点间的大地线长度与正反方位角。
4、子午线收敛角：高斯投影面上任意点子午线的投影线的切线方向与该点坐标的正北方向的夹角。
5、水准标尺基辅差：精密水准标尺同一视线高度处的基本分划与辅助分划之差。
二、填空（每空1分，共30分）1、以___________作为基本参考点，由春分点___________运动确定的时间称为恒星时;以格林尼治子夜起算的___________称为世界时。
2、ITRF 是___________的具体实现，是通过IERS分布于全球的跟综站的_________和_________来维持并提供用户使用的。
3、高斯投影中，_____投影后长度不变，而投影后为直线的有_____，其它均为凹向_____的曲线。
4、重力位是--___________和___________之和，重力位的基本单位是___________。
5、大地线克莱劳方程决定了大地线在椭球面上的_______，某大地线穿越赤道时的大地方位角A= 60°，则能达到的最小平行圈半径为长半轴a的_____倍。
6、正常重力公式是用来计算______ 正常重力, 其中系数是称为___________。
高出椭球面H米高度处正常重力与椭球表面正常重力间的关系为____________。
7、在大地控制网优化设计中把__________、__________和__________作为三个主要质量控制标准。
8、地面水平观测值归算至椭球面上需要经过__________、___________、_____________改正。
语言学练习Exercise2
Chapter 2 5
Exercises
I. Fill in the blanks. 11. _____ is the smallest linguistic unit. Phoneme 12. According to _____, when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda. the maximal onset principle
Chapter 2 7
Exercises
II. Choose the best answer. 15. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _____ of the p phoneme. A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones D 16. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _____. A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula A
Chapter 2 14
Exercises
III. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]. __ 29. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation. T __ 30. [p] is voiced bilabial stop. F
我的揪痧瘾（2020、2）
我的揪痧瘾（2020、2）我的揪痧瘾医⽣在线⽹2008/12/1709:22来源：我叫⼩美，⼩时侯经常看见⼈们揪痧，但从没体验过，是在我⾼中后，有⼀次重感冒，吃药也不见好，晚上妈妈说我给你揪揪痧吧，我没说什么，妈妈就在我脖⼦后边揪开了，刚开始还不是很疼，但随着吧吧的揪痧声，妈妈的⼿劲越来越⼤，我疼的乱叫，妈妈说痧很重，必须得揪透了才⾏，不管我怎么喊叫，妈妈就是不停⼿，⽽且我越动她就越⽤⼒，我只好咬着⽛强忍着，妈妈从脖⼦⼀直连着揪到肩膀，⼜把整个后背都揪了个遍.我以为终于揪完了，可妈妈⼜在我前胸揪了起来，特别疼，我眼泪都出来了，可妈妈就是不⼿软，揪了⼀个多⼩时，只到把我上⾝揪的紫⿊紫⿊的没⼀块好地⽅才罢⼿，揪出我⼀⾝汗，可别说，揪完我就特轻松舒服了.从此以后我⼀感冒发烧的就让妈妈给揪，我还真喜欢上了这种痛并很快乐的感觉.隔⼀段时间不舒服了就让⽼妈给揪揪全⾝.后来结婚了，我很希望⽼公能给我好好揪⼀次，可他不喜欢揪，总也不给我揪，⽽且他不舒服也不让我给他揪.有⼀次我发烧，晚上实在难受的不⾏，让⽼公给揪揪他怎么也不肯，后来看我不⾏就给我在后背刮了刮痧，可我总觉的没有揪痧的过瘾.⽣完孩⼦后我落下了腰疼的⽑病，去诊所拔了⼏次罐后，感觉挺管⽤，⽼公看我腰疼的直不起来也很着急，后来我治我的腰学会了拔罐，经常在我腰疼的时候给我拔罐、⾛罐、按摩、揪痧等，现在⽼公拔罐揪痧的技术很⾼，不光给我整治腰，在我感冒的时候也会给我揪痧、拔罐，现在我⼜可以感受揪痧拔罐了。
在⽼公的经常拔罐按摩下我的腰疼的次数少多了。
在我的影响下⽼公也爱上了揪痧拔罐，在他不舒服的时候，我也会很体贴的为他揪痧拔罐，他也没那么怕疼了。
现在⽼公⼀不舒服就主动让我给他揪痧。
我们两经常是旧痕未去⼜添新伤，但我们都很快乐！⽼公有⼀次在外地感冒了给我打电话说：“⽼婆我越来越离不开你了，你要在我⾝边就可以给我揪痧了，我真的好难受。
”我说：“你以前不是怕疼⽼不让揪吗？现在想起我的好了？你到外边诊所拔拔罐吧！回来我给你揪。
周边地面 2
周边地面——对没有地下室的建筑指底层房间外墙内侧两米范围内的地面。
对有地下室埋墙的建筑，指从室外地面和埋墙的交线算起向下两米内为周边地面。
非周边地面——对没有地下室的房间指底层地面中周边地面以外的部分。
有地下室埋墙的建筑，非周边地面指埋墙和地面面积的和减去从室外地面和埋墙交线算起向下两米的面积。
关于周边地面和非周边地面的几点说明1．周边地面和非周边地面的定义周边地面指距外墙内表面2m以内的地面，其余部分划为非周边地面。
位于室外地面以下的外墙（地下室外墙）应从与室外地面相平的墙壁算起，往下2m范围内为周边地面，其余部分划为非周边地面。
2．节能标准中对周边地面和非周边地面传热阻的计算《民用建筑节能设计标准》（采暖居住部分）JGJ26-95和《公共建筑节能设计标准》GB50189-2005对周边地面和非周边地面热阻采用了不同的计算方法，应分别对待。
A) 居住建筑：换热阻计算依据来源于《供热工程》（贺平孙刚编著）。
由于室内热量通过地面传到室外的路程长短不同，即热阻值不同，靠近外墙的室内地面，距离室外路程短，热阻值小，传热量大，反之远离外墙的地面热阻值大，传热量小，离外墙8m以远的地面，传热量基本不变。
基于上述情况，在工程上一般采用近似方法计算，把地面沿外墙平行的方向分成四个计算地带（每2m为一个地带，8m以外地面按第四地带考虑），如图1示。
1) 对于贴土非保温地面（组成地面的各层材料导热系数λ都大于1.16W/m?℃），各地带的传热系数和换热阻如下：周边地面传热系数限值为0.52 W / m2·℃地区，考虑到非保温地面第一地带（周边地面）的传热系数为0.47 W / m2·℃，小于限值0.5 2W / m2·℃,可不做保温；非周边地面（第二、三、四地带）不做保温时传热系数最大值为0.23 W / m2·℃,小于限值0.3 W / m2·℃，同样也能满足非周边地面限值的要求。
托福TPO42阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO42阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Explaining Dinosaur Extinction Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary,usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world(K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous,derived from the German name Kreidezeit).Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example,some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants,which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous,about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs,with their complex battery of grinding teeth,evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals,which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic,about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence Some explanations(such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases)fail because there is no way to scientifically test them,and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork. This focus on explaining dinosaur extinction misses an important point the extinction at the end of the Cretaceous was a global event that killed off organisms up and down the food chain.It wiped out many kinds of plankton in the ocean and many marine organisms that lived on the plankton at the base of the food chain.These included a variety of clams and snails,and especially the ammonites,a group of shelled squidlike creatures that dominated the Mesozoic seas and had survived many previous mass extinctions.The K-T event marked the end of the marine reptiles,such as the mosasaurs and the plesiosaurs,which were the largest creatures that had ever lived in the seas and which ruled the seas long before whales evolved.On land,there was also a crisis among the land plants,in addition to the disappearance of dinosaurs.So any event that can explain the destruction of the base of the food chain(plankton in the ocean,plants on land)can better explain what happened to organisms at the top of the food chain,such as the dinosaurs.By contrast,any explanation that focuses strictly on the dinosaurs completely misses the point The Cretaceous extinctions were a global phenomenon,and dinosaurs were just a part of a bigger picture. According to one theory,the Age of Dinosaurs ended suddenly 65 million years ago when a giant rock from space plummeted to Earth.Estimated to be ten to fifteen kilometers in diameter,this bolide(either a comet or an asteroid)was traveling at cosmic speeds of 20-70 kilometers per second,or 45,000-156,000 miles per hour.Sucha huge mass traveling at such tremendous speeds carries an enormous amount of energy.When the bolide struck this energy was released and generated a huge shock wave that leveled everything for thousands of kilometers around the impact and caused most of the landscape to burst into flames.The bolide struck an area of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico known as Chicxulub,excavating a crater 15-20 kilometers deep and at least 170 kilometers in diameter.The impact displaced huge volumes of seawater,causing much flood damage in the Caribbean.Meanwhile,the bolide itself excavated 100 cubic kilometers of rock and debris from the site,which rose to an altitude of 100 kilometers.Most of it fell back immediately,but some of it remained as dust in the atmosphere for months.This material,along with the smoke from the fires,shrouded Earth,creating a form of nuclear winter.According to computerized climate models,global temperatures fell to near the freezing point,photosynthesis halted,and most plants on land and in the sea died.With the bottom of the food chain destroyed,dinosaurs could not survive. paragraph 1 Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary,usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world(K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous,derived from the German name Kreidezeit).Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example,some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants,which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous,about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs,with their complex battery of grinding teeth,evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals,which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic,about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence Some explanations(such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases)fail because there is no way to scientifically test them,and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork. 1.In paragraph 1,why does the author include a discussion of when flowering plants evolved? 【事实信息题】 A.To help explain why some scientists believe that the development of flowering plants led to dinosaur extinction。
新概念2英语听力原文
20. Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything—not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'Y ou must give up fishing!' my friends say.' It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one impor tant thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !21. Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.22. My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster.23. I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was com pleted five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.24. entered the hotel manager's office and sat down. I had just lost &50 and I felt very upset.' I left the money in my room,' I said, 'and it's not there now.' The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. 'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said. He started to com plain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained &5o. 'I found this outside this gentleman's room' she said. 'Well,' I said to the manager, 'there is still some honesty in this world !'25. I arrived in London at last. The railwaystation was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English verycarefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not under stand him. My teacher never spoke Eng- lish like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'Y ou'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them ! Do they speak English ?。
2的书写方法
2的书写方法在日常生活中，我们经常会涉及到数字2的书写。
无论是在学习、工作还是生活中，正确的书写方法都是非常重要的。
下面，我们就来详细了解一下数字2的书写方法。
首先，我们要明确数字2的基本形态。
数字2是阿拉伯数字中的一个，它的基本形态是一个弯曲的弧线，上面有一个小圆圈。
这是我们最常见的数字2的书写形式，也是最标准的书写形式。
在书写时，我们需要注意保持数字2的整体形状，保持圆润、匀称，不要出现歪斜、变形等情况。
其次，我们要注意数字2的书写顺序。
在书写数字2时，一般是从上到下、从左到右的书写顺序。
首先画出数字2的上半部分的曲线，然后再画下半部分的曲线，最后在上半部分的曲线上方画一个小圆圈。
这样的书写顺序可以帮助我们更好地掌握数字2的书写方法，保持数字的整体形状和美观度。
除了基本形态和书写顺序外，我们还需要了解数字2的书写规范。
在正式的文件、文书、报告中，数字2的书写需要符合一定的规范。
一般来说，数字2要与其他数字保持一致的字体、大小和风格，以保持整个文档的统一性和美观度。
在手写时，我们也需要注意字迹工整、规范，避免出现潦草、模糊的情况。
此外，数字2的书写还需要注意与其他数字的区分。
在一些情况下，数字2可能会与字母z混淆，因此在书写时要特别小心，确保数字2的书写清晰可辨，不会引起误解。
总的来说，正确的数字2的书写方法对我们的学习、工作和生活都是非常重要的。
通过掌握数字2的基本形态、书写顺序和书写规范，我们能够更好地书写出整洁、规范的数字2，提高书写质量，避免出现错误和混淆。
希望大家能够重视数字2的书写方法，不断提升自己的书写水平，为自己的学习和工作增添亮点。
2 In the Laboratory
"That is good,that is good!"he repeated,"but that is not all;go on."And so for three long days he placed that fish before my eyes,forbidding me to look at anything else,or to use any artificial aid."Look,look,look,"was his repeated instruction.
"When do you wish to begin?"
"Now,"I replied.
This seemed to please him,and with an energetic "Very well!"he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol."Take this fish,"he said,"and look at it;by and by I will ask what you have seen."With that he left me.I was disappointed,for gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging enough to an eager student,and the alcolol had a very unpleasant smell.But I said nothing and began to work immediately.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
大体积混凝土施工方案1、工程概况陕西省军区西影路职工经济适用房2#楼工程位于西安市西影路66号，总建筑面积26178.3㎡，该建筑地下二层，地上34层，建筑层高地下室4.18M，夹层1.73M，1-34层均为2.9M。
，地下两层为设备用房和管道层，1-34层均为住宅，建筑高度98.6M；结构类型剪力墙。
本工程主楼基础底板为筏板基础，板厚1.2m，混凝土强度等级C35P8。
这种大体积混凝土底板施工具有水化热高、收缩量大、容易开裂等特点，故底板大体积混凝土浇筑应作为一个施工重点和难点认真对待。
本工程该部位拟使用的砼采用60d强度作为配合比设计依据.大体积混凝土施工重点主要是将温度应力产生的不利影响减少到最小，防止和降低裂缝的产生和发展。
2、规范与标准《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》(GB50300－2001)；《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》(GB50204—2002)；《地下防水工程质量验收规范》(GB50208－2002)；《地下防水工程技术规范》(GB50108－2001)；《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》(GB50325－2001)；《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ3－2002)；《块体基础大体积混凝土施工技术规程》(YBJ224—91)；《泵送混凝土施工技术规程》(JGJ／T10－95)；《预拌混凝土》(GBl4902—92)；《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010)。
3、施工准备3.1 技术准备（1）准备工作1）熟悉图纸，与设计沟通：①了解混凝土的类型、强度、抗渗等级和砼强度的龄期。
②了解底板的平面尺寸、各部位厚度、设计预留的后浇带的位置、构造和技术要求。
③了解消除或减少混凝土变形外约束所采取的措施。
④了解使用条件对混凝土结构的特殊要求和采取的措施。
2）依据施工合同和施工条件与业主、监理沟通：混凝土施工在交通管制方面提供连续施工可能性时，才能满足大方量一次浇筑的要求。
（2）混凝土配合比的设计与试配混凝土配合比设计应遵循下列规程标准的技术规定：《普通混凝土配合比设计规程》(JGJ55)；《混凝土强度检验评定标准》(GBJ107—87)；《混凝土质量控制标准》(GB50164)；《粉煤灰混凝土应用技术规程》(GBJl46)；《混凝土外加剂应用技术规范》(GB50119)。
（3）施工方案编制要点1）技术要点①混凝土供应：a.大体积混凝土必须在设施完善严格管理的商品砼搅拌站拌制。
b.预拌混凝土搅拌站，必须具有相应资质，并应选择备用搅拌站。
c.对预拌混凝土搅拌站所使用的外加剂，施工单位、工程监理或甲方应派驻专人监督其质量、数量和投料计量；最后复核掺入量应符合要求。
d.混凝土浇筑温度宜控制在25℃以内，依照运输情况计算混凝土的出厂温度和对原材料的温度要求。
②底板混凝土施工的流水作业；底板采用分块施工，以后浇带为界分2段施工,确保每个施工段在24小时内完成。
③混凝土的场内运输和布料：a.预拌混凝土的卸料点至浇筑处东边使用混凝土地泵输送混凝土和布料，西边使用车泵输送混凝土和布料。
b.混凝土泵的位置应邻近浇筑地点且便于罐车行走、错车、喂料和退管施工。
c.混凝土泵管配置应最短，且少设弯头，混凝土出口端应装布料软管。
④混凝土的浇筑方法：本工程底板采用斜面分层浇筑，在每一浇筑层采用平推浇筑法。
⑤混凝土硬化期的温度控制：a.温控方案选择：当前属于气温低于35°C 以下常温环境施工，应优先采用保温法施工；b.玻璃温度计测温：每个测温点位由不少于三根间距各为600mm 呈三角形布置，分别埋于距板底200mm，板中间距550mm 及距混凝土表面50mm 处的测温管构成。
测温点位间距不大于15m，测温管可使用水管或铁皮卷焊管，下端封闭，上端开口，管口高于保温层50～100mm。
3.2 主要施工机具仪表（1）机械设备、仪表现场输送混凝土——混凝土泵及钢、软泵管。
混凝土浇筑——流动电箱、插入式、平板式振动器、抹平机具、小型水泵等。
专用—温度计和测温埋管。
（2）工具手推车、串筒、溜槽、吊斗、胶管、铁锹、钢钎、刮杠子等。
3.3 作业条件（1）施工方案所确定的施工工艺流程，流水作业段的划分，浇筑程序与方法，混凝土运输与布料方式、方法以及质量标准，安全施工等已交底。
（2）施工道路，施工场地，水、电、照明已布设。
（3）施工脚手架、安全防护搭设完毕。
（4）输送泵及泵管已布设并试车。
（5）钢筋、模板、预埋件，后浇带，加强带支挡，测温埋管，标高线等已检验合格。
（6）模内清理干净，前一天模板及垫层或防水保护层已喷水润湿并排除积水。
（7）保湿保温材料已备。
（8）工具备齐，振动器试运合格。
（9）商混厂现场调整坍落度的外加剂或水泥砂等原材已备齐，专业人员到位。
（10）防水混凝土的抗压、抗渗试模备齐。
（11）联络，指挥，器具，已准备就绪。
（12）需持证上岗人员业经培训，证件完备。
（13）与社区、城管、交通、环境监管部门已协调并已办理必要的手续。
4 材料和质量要点4.1 材料的关键要求（1）选用低热和低收缩水泥；（2）控制各种材料和外加剂的含碱量；（3）控制骨料含泥量。
4.2 技术的关键要求（1）控制混凝土浇筑成型温度。
（2）掺入掺合料降低水泥单方用量。
（3）控制坍落度及坍落损失符合泵送要求。
（4）浇筑混凝土适时二次振捣、抹压消除混凝土早期塑性变形。
（5）尽可能延长脱模时间并及时保湿、保温测。
4.3 质量的关键要求（1）严格控制混凝土搅拌投料计量。
（2）监督外加剂加入量。
（3）控制混凝土的温差及降温速率。
4.4 职业健康的关键要求（1）动力、照明符合用电安全规定。
（2）马道，泵管支架牢固，安全防护达标。
（3）施工机械试运行合格，工况良好。
（4）劳动保护完备。
4.5 环境的关键要求（1）采用低噪声设备防止扰民。
（2）定向低角度照明降低光污染。
（3）运料车遮盖防止飞尘。
（4）出厂车辆清洗以防玷污市政道路。
（5）施工污水经沉清后有组织排放。
5 施工工艺5. 1 工艺流程5.2 施工操作工艺（1）混凝土的场外运输1）预拌混凝土的远距离运输应使用滚筒式罐车。
2）运送混凝土的车辆应满足均匀、连续供应混凝土的需要。
3）必须有完善的调度系统和装备，根据施工情况指挥混凝上的搅拌与运送，减少停滞时间。
4）混凝土搅拌运输车，第一次装料时，应多加二袋水泥。
运送过程中筒体应保持慢速转动：卸料前，筒体应加快运转20～30s 后方可卸料。
5）送到现场混凝土的坍落度应随时检验，需调整或分次加入减水剂均应由搅拌站派驻现场的专业技术人员执行。
（2）混凝土的场内运输与布料1）地泵场内运输与布料：①受料斗必须配备孔径为50mm×50mm 的振动筛防止个别大颗粒骨料流入泵管，料斗内混凝土上表面距离上口宜为200mm 左右以防止泵入空气。
②泵送混凝土前，先将储料斗内清水从管道泵出，以湿润和清洁管道，然后压入纯水泥浆或1：1～1：2 水泥砂浆滑润管道后，再泵送混凝土。
③开始压送混凝土时速度宜慢，待混凝土送出管子端部时，速度可逐渐加快，并转入用正常速度进行连续泵送。
遇到运转不正常时，可放慢泵送速度。
进行抽吸往复推动数次，以防堵管。
④泵送混凝土浇筑入模时，端部软管均匀移动，使每层布料均匀，不应成堆浇筑。
⑤泵管向下倾斜输送混凝土时，应在下斜管的下端设置相当于5 倍落差长度的水平配管，若与上水平线倾斜度大于70 时应在斜管上端设置排气活塞。
如因施工长度有限，下斜管无法按上述要求长度设置水平配管时，可用弯管或软管代替，但换算长度仍应满足5 倍落差的要求。
⑥沿地面铺管，每节管两端应垫50mm×l00mm 方木，以便拆装；向下倾斜输送时，应搭设宽度不小于lm 的斜道，上铺脚手板，管两端垫方木支承，泵管不应直接铺设在模板、钢筋上，而应搁置在马凳或临时搭设的架子上。
⑦泵送将结束时，计算混凝土需要量，并通知搅拌站，避免剩余混凝土过多。
⑧混凝土泵送完毕，混凝土泵及管道可采用压缩空气推动清洗球清洗，压力不超过0.7MPa。
方法是先安好专用清洗管，再启动空压机，渐渐加压。
清洗过程中随时敲击输送管判断混凝土是否接近排空。
管道拆卸后按不同规格分类堆放备用。
⑨泵送中途停歇时间不应多于60min，如超过60min 则应清管。
泵管混凝土出口处，管端距模板应大于500mm。
⑩只允许使用软管布料，不允许使用振动器推赶混凝土。
在预留凹坛模板或预埋件处，应沿其四周均匀布料。
加强对混凝土泵及管道巡回检查，发现声音异常或泵管跳动应及时停泵排除故障。
2）混凝土的自由落距不得大于2m。
3）混凝土在浇筑地点的坍落度，每工作班至少检查四次。
混凝土的坍落度试验应符合现行《普通混凝土拌合物性能试验方法标准》(GB／T50080--2002)的有关规定。
混凝土实测的坍落度与要求坍落度之间的偏差应不大于±20mm。
（3）混凝土浇筑1）混凝土浇筑可根据面积大小和混凝土供应能力采取斜面分层连续浇筑，分层厚度300～500mm 且不大于震动棒长1.25 倍。
斜面分层浇灌每层厚30～35cm，坡度一般取1：6～1：7。
2）浇筑混凝土时间应按下表控制。
掺外加剂时由试验确定，但最长不得大于初凝时间减90min。
混凝土搅拌至浇筑完的最大延续时间(min)3）混凝土浇筑宜从低处开始，沿长边方向自一端向另一端推进，逐层上升。
浇筑时，要在下一层混凝土初凝之前浇筑上一层混凝土，避免产生冷缝，并将表面泌水及时排走。
4）振捣混凝土应使用高频振动器，振动器的插点间距为1.5 倍振动器的作用半径，防止漏振。
振动器插点要均匀排列，可采用“行列式”或“边格形”的次序移动，不应混用以免造成混乱而产生漏振。
每一插点要撑握好振捣时间，过短不易捣实，过长可能引起混凝土产生离析现象。
行列式排列筏板基础砼浇筑平面布置图5）混凝土的振捣：振捣时做到快插慢拨，快插是为了防止先将表面混凝土振实而与下面混凝土产生分层、离析现象；慢拔是为了使混凝土填满振动棒抽出时所造成的空洞。
在振捣过程中，应将振捣棒上下略作抽动，以便上下振动均匀，插点有序，振捣时间要掌握好，不要过长，也不要过短，一般控制在20~30s之间，宜在混凝土表面泛浆，不出现气泡为止。
在振捣过程中，不得触及钢筋，模板，以免其发生移位，出现跑模、墙柱插筋移位现象。
振捣上层混凝土时，振捣棒插入下层混凝土约50mm，以消除上下层之间冷缝，确保混凝土质量。
根据混凝土泵送时自然形成的坡度，在每个浇筑带的前后，中部布置三道振捣器，这样通过混凝土的振动流淌达到均匀铺设要求。
振捣完一段后，应随时拉线控制好标高，用木杠刮平，用木抹子拍平拍实搓毛。
混凝土浇筑搭接时间不得超过45分钟6）浇筑流向与泌水处理浇筑流向：根据地泵的固定位置，东段以加强带为界（12-22轴）从西北角开始，东南方向平行流水，移向东南角；西段以加强带为界（1-11轴）从东北角开始，向西南方向平行流水，移向西南角，泵管由远到近，由东向西平行推进。