环境工程专业英语第四章_unit4
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版翻译答案
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版翻译答案单项选择（每小题2分，共30道题）1. She refused to ___ the door key to the landlady until she got back her deposit. [单选题] *A. hand inB.hand outC.hand downD.hand over(正确答案)2. I've never been to Lhasa, but that's the city___. [单选题] *A.I'd most like to visit(正确答案)B. where I like to visit?C. which I like to visit mostlyD. I'd like much to visit3. He ___ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. [单选题] *A. may have acted(正确答案)B. must have actedC. should actD. would act4. The government____ to approve the use of wide-spead surveillance when the Justice Department took objections. [单选题] *A. is goingB. had beenC. was about(正确答案)D. is coming5. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course. [单选题] *A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge of(正确答案)D. knows6. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are so excited today, for they bought____ yesterday. [单选题] *A. many furnituresB. so much furnitureC. many piece of furnitureD. a lot of furniture(正确答案)7. Despite their good service provided, most inns are less expensive than hotelsof____standards. [单选题] *A. equivalent(正确答案)B. likelyC. alikeD. uniform8. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____ very pleasant to sit on in summer. [单选题] *A. which is(正确答案)B. which it isC. it isD. where it is9. If you have really been studying English for so long. It's about time you ___ able to write letters in English. [单选题] *A. should beB. were(正确答案)C. must beD . are10. He's ___ as a “bellyacher”—— he's always complaining about some thing. [单选题] *A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is known(正确答案)D. which is known11. way（）. [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面(正确答案)B.高速公路C.快速干道，高速公路D.传送，运送；传达，表达12. expressway（） [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面B.高速公路C.快速干道，高速公路(正确答案)D.传送，运送；传达，表达13. freeway（） [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面B.高速公路(正确答案)C.快速干道，高速公路D.传送，运送；传达，表达14. convey（） [单选题] *A.交通工具，车辆；传播媒介，工具，手段B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达(正确答案)15. vehicle（） [单选题] *A.交通工具，车辆；传播媒介，工具，手段(正确答案)B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达16. obvious（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于B.显然的，明显的(正确答案)C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达17. previous（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的(正确答案)D.传送，运送；传达，表达18. via（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于(正确答案)B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达19. want（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏(正确答案)C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的20. vanish（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在(正确答案)B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的21. vain（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的(正确答案)22. vacation（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假(正确答案)D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的23. vacant（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.未被占用的，空着的；空缺的；空虚的(正确答案)C.真空；真空吸尘器；用真空吸尘器清扫D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的24. vacuum（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.未被占用的，空着的；空缺的；空虚的C.真空；真空吸尘器；用真空吸尘器清扫(正确答案)D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的25. win（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢(正确答案)B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利26. convince（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服(正确答案)D.胜利27. victory（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利(正确答案)28. convict（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯(正确答案)C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利29. conviction（） [单选题] *A.确信，坚定的信仰；坚信，信服；定罪，判罪(正确答案)B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.牺牲品，受害者D.胜利30. victim（） [单选题] *A.确信，坚定的信仰；坚信，信服；定罪，判罪B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.牺牲品，受害者(正确答案)D.胜利阅读理解一：In the classic marriage vow（誓约）, couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,”said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over theperiod studied. The incidence of new chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,”Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the ones who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”31. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage? [单选题] *A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.(正确答案)B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.32. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands? [单选题] *A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.(正确答案)33. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill? [单选题] *A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.(正确答案)C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.34. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker? [单选题] *A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.(正确答案)B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.35. What does Karraker think is also important? [单选题] *A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’s relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.(正确答案)D) Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.阅读理解二：If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved youless?The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it doestell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.36. How might people often feel when they were misnamed? [单选题] *A)Unwanted.B)Unhappy.(正确答案)C)Confused.D)Indifferent.37. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming? [单选题] *A)It is related to the way our memories work.(正确答案)B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.38. What is most likely the cause of misnaming? [单选题] *A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.(正确答案)39. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming? [单选题] *A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.(正确答案)40. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers? [单选题] *A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.(正确答案)D) They generally take on more work at home.。
农科英语课件Unit4_MINERAL NUTRITION
Words to remember
17、federal['fed(ə)r(ə)l] standards：联邦标准 18、nitrate ['naɪtreɪt] n. 硝酸盐
groundwater nitrate pollution nitrate nitrogen 硝态氮 ammonium nitrogen 铵态氮
Rice variety with high N use efficiency usually has a very developed root system.
The large surface area of roots and their ability to absorb inorganic ions at low concentrations from the soil solution make mineral absorption by plants a very effective process. After being absorbed by the roots, the mineral elements are translocated to the various parts of the plant, where they are utilized in numerous biological functions. Other organisms, such as mycorrቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, often participate with roots in the acquisition of nutrients.
Words to remember
19、on a brighter note 令人欣慰的是 20、deleterious[,delɪ‘tɪərɪəs] adj. 有毒的，有害的 21、atmosphere [‘ætməsfɪə] n.大气；空气
环境科学与工程专业英语
环境科学与工程专业英语第一篇：环境科学与工程专业英语一、单词/词组（考试时要求：中译英/英译中）环境科学：environmental science环境工程：environmental engineering定量环境科学：quantitative environmental science 定性环境科学：qualitative environmental science 衰减再生：decay and recycling新陈代谢率：metabolic rates外来物质：foreign matter研究和发展：Research and Development一次大气污染物：primary air pollutant 二次大气污染物：secondary air pollutant氧含量：Oxygen content点源：point sources沥青残留物：asphaltic residue酸雨：acid rain设备维护：facilities maintenance废物最小化：waste minimization正常浓度：normal concentration胡乱收集：magpie collection需氧量：oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required 闭合回路：closed-loop微生物：microbe/microorganisms揭示大的差别;expose the considerable gaps空气质量监测：air-quality monitoring氧化剂：oxidizer石油精炼:petroleum refining活性炭：activated carbon质量控制：quality control海轮：ocean liner挥发性化学物质：volatile chemicals沙漠化：desertification火山喷发：volcanic eruption间歇源：intermittent sources衡量浓度：trace concentrations氯化物和硫化物：chlorides and sulphates风化：wind erosion不完全燃烧：incomplete combustion化石燃料：fossil fuels液滴：liquid dropletsSO3:sulfur trioxidefor managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations许多发电站Roman empire罗马皇帝Cloaca maxima 古罗马的大排泄沟Wate phosphorous 亚磷的（三价磷）phosphorous acid亚磷酸phosphoric磷的（五价）carbonates，bicarbonates碳酸盐，碳酸氢盐carbohydrates碳水化合物，主要含氢和碳TOC(total organic carbon)总有机碳COD(chemical oxygen demand)化学需氧量BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有机物BOD5BOD的测试标准化rborne diseases 水传染的疾病epilimnion 表层水hypolimnion深水层thermocline热变形层become depleted of oxygen 缺氧二、重点句子翻译UNIT21.Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and taste.环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地，在那里我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和品尝到。
《环境专业英语》教案 unit 3-4
Unit 3 Text: Water Pollutants第3单元水污染物质（4学时）New Words：evaporate v.（使）蒸发，消失#evaporate [i5vApEreit] v. (使)蒸发, 消失#evaporat ion [i7vApE5reiFEn] n. 蒸发(作用)#evaporat ion from land 地面蒸发#evaporat ion in the field 田间蒸发#evaporat ion of water 水分蒸发#evaporat ion pan 蒸发皿#evaporat ion pond 蒸发塘#evaporat ive emission control 蒸发污染控制#evaporat or [i5vApEreitE] n. 蒸发器,脱水器#horizontal evaporat or 卧式蒸发器horizontal [7hCri5zCntl] adj. 地平线的, 水平的#Liewen evaporat or 列文式蒸发器#natural-circulation evaporat or 自然循环蒸发器#vertical tube evaporat or 竖管式蒸发器vertical [5vE:tikEl] adj. 垂直的, 直立的, 顶点的n. 垂直线, 垂直面, 竖向volume n.卷，册，体积，量，大量，音量#volume [5vRlju:m; (?@) -jEm] n. 卷, 册, 体积, 量, 大量, 音量#copy volume 副本卷; 复制卷; 拷贝卷total solid 总固体#total solid 总固体; 总固体量#total dissolved solid s (TDS) 总溶解固体#total solid matters 总固体物#total solid yield 总干物质量#total solid s by drying (干燥法测得) 总干固物#total solid s content 总固体含量; 总固形物含量#total solid s test 总固体测定#total suspended solid(s) (TSS) 总悬浮固体量#total volatile solid(s) (TVS) 总挥发性固体#suspended solid (SS) 悬浮固体#suspended solid contact reaction basin 悬浮固体接触反应池#suspended-solid contact reactor 悬浮固体接触反应器#total volatile suspended solid 总挥发性悬浮固体total organic carbon 总有机碳#organic [C:5^Anik] adj. 器官的, 有机的, 组织的, 建制的#carbon [5kB:bEn] n. [化]碳(元素符号C), (一张)复写纸#total content of organic carbon总有机碳含量#total organic carbon (TOC) 总有机碳#total organic carbon analyzer 总有机碳量分析仪#total organic carbon analyzer for seawater 海水总有机碳测定仪domestic a.家庭的，国内的，与人共处的，驯服的#domestic [dE5mestik]adj. 家庭的, 国内的, 与人共处的, 驯服的#domestic animal 家畜#domestic architecture 民房建筑; 居住建筑; 居住建筑#domestic fungus 食用菌fungus [5fQN^Es] n. 菌类, 蘑菇microorganism n.微生物#microorganism [maIkrEJ5C:^EnIz(E)m] n. [微]微生物, 微小动植物#acclimated microorganism驯化的微生物; 驯化的微生物acclimate [E5klaimit] vt. 使适应新环境, 使服水土 vi. 服水土,适应#active microorganism活性微生物#aerobic microorganism好气性微生物aerobic [7eiE5rEubik] adj.依靠氧气的, 与需氧菌有关的, 增氧健身法的#anaerobic microorganism厌气性微生物anaerobic [7AneiE5rEubik] adj. [微]没有空气而能生活的, 厌氧性的#autotrophic microorganism自养微生物autotrophic [7C:tEu5trCfik] adj. 自造营养物质的, 自给营养的#culture of microorganism微生物培养法#dairy microorganism乳品微生物dairy [5dZEri] n. 牛奶场, 奶品场, 售牛奶, 奶油, 鸡蛋等的商店, 奶制品#denitrifying microorganism反硝化微生物#denitrify [di:5naitrifai] v. 除氮化物, 除去氮素denitrifying 脱硝的, 脱氮的反硝化的#filamentous microorganism丝状微生物filamentous [filE5mentEs] adj. 细丝状的, 纤维所成的, 如丝的#heterotrophic microorganism异养微生物heterotrophic [9hetErEJ`trCfIk] adj. 不是自养的#microorganism BOD test 微生物生化需氧量试验#microorganism control 微生物控制#microorganism determination 微生物测定determination [di tE:mi5neiFEn] n. 决心, 决断,测定,鉴定#microorganism germ plasma 微生物种质plasma [5plAzmE] n.[生理]血浆; 淋巴液;[生]原生质, 原浆, 乳浆; (做药膏用的)膏浆#microorganism identification 微生物鉴定identification [ai7dentifi5keiFEn] n. 辨认, 鉴定, 证明, 视为同一#pathogenic microorganism s 致病微生物pathogenic [9pAWE`dVenIk] adj. 致病的, 病原的, 发病的microscope n.显微镜#microscope [5maIkrEskEJp] n. 显微镜#light microscope光学显微镜#low powered microscope低倍显微镜#microscope slide 显微镜载片; 磨砂边显微镜载玻片electron microscope电子显微镜bacteria n.细菌#bacteria [bAk5tiEriE] n. 细菌bacterial [bAk`tIErIEl] adj. 细菌的#bacteria l suspension 细菌悬液#chemoautotrophic bacteria化学自养细菌chemoautotrophic [7kemEu7CtE5trCfik] adj.[生化]化能自养的, 化学自养的#chemosynthetic bacteria化学合成细菌#coliform bacteria大肠菌类细菌; 大肠型细菌coliform [5kEuli7fC:m, 5kCli-] [生物]n.大肠菌 adj. 象大肠菌的#count of bacteria细菌计数#denitrifying bacteria反硝化细菌denitrify [di:5naitrifai] v. 除氮化物, 除去氮素#drug-fast bacteria耐药菌drug-fast [`drQ^fB:st] adj. 抗药性的#fusiform bacteria梭形细菌fusiform [5fju:zifC:m] adj. 纺锭状的, 两端渐细的#gas producing bacteria 产气细菌#hydrogen bacteria 氢细菌hydrogen [5haidrEudVEn] n. 氢#infectious bacteria 感染菌infectious [in5fekFEs] adj. 有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的#iron bacteria 铁细菌#lactic acid bacteria乳酸菌; 乳酸细菌lactic [5lAktik] adj. 乳的, 乳汁的#methane bacteria甲烷细菌methane [5meWein] n. [化]甲烷, 沼气#nitrite bacteria亚硝酸细菌nitrite [5naitrait] n. [化]亚硝酸盐#nitrite-oxidizing bacteria亚硝酸氧化细菌oxid [`CksId] n. [化]氧化物#nitrogen-fixing bacteria固氮细菌nitrogen [5naitrEdVEn] n. [化]氮#nodule bacteria 根瘤细菌nodule [5nCdju:l] n. 节结#photosynthetic bacteria 光合细菌photosynthetic [7fEutEusin5Wetik] adj. [生化]光合的，光合作用的#sulfur bacteria 硫细菌sulfur [5sQlfE] n. [化] 硫磺 vt. 用硫磺处理#purple nonsulfur bacteria 紫色非硫细菌#purple sulfur bacteria紫色硫细菌#spherical bacteria 球状细菌spherical [5sferikEl] adj. 球的, 球形的#spiral bacteria 螺旋状细菌spiral [5spaiErEl] adj. 螺旋形的 n. 螺旋 v. 盘旋#staphylococcal bacteria葡萄球菌staphylococcal [9stAfIlEJ`kCkEl] adj. [医]葡萄球菌的,由葡萄球菌引起的#amonifying bacteria 氨化细菌#anaerobic bacteria 厌气细菌; 厌氧菌; 嫌气细菌anaerobic [7AneiE5rEubik] adj. [微]没有空气而能生活的, 厌氧性的#anthrax bacteria 炭疽杆菌anthrax [5AnWrAks] n. [兽]炭疽热#bacteria l culture 细菌培养; 细菌培养物#bacteria l mutation 细菌致突变mutation [mju(:)5teiFEn] n. 变化, 转变, 元音变化, (生物物种的)突变degradation n.降级，降格，退化#degradation [7de^rE5deiFEn] n. 降级, 降格, 退化退化; 退化作物; 冲刷; 递降; 河床消落; 河底刷深; 慢化; 裂解; 陵削作用;减低; 降格; 降解; 降解作用; 能量降级; 剥蚀#degradation process 降解过程#degradation product 降解产物#degradation reaction 降解反应intimate contact 密切接触#intimate [5intimit] adj. 亲密的, 隐私的 vt. 宣布, 明白表示 n.熟友密切的; 功能相似的rod n.杆，棒#rod[rCd] n. 杆, 棒杆; 柱; 长砾; 棒; 条; 视杆; 支杆#rod cells 杆体细胞bacilli n.细菌，杆菌#bacilli [bE`sIlaI] n. 细菌, 杆菌#bacilli form [bE5sillifC:m] adj. 杆(菌)状的杆菌状的#bacilli n [bE`sIlIn] n. [微](抗大肠菌枯草)杆菌素,杆菌抗生素杆菌素#bacilli sin [bE5silait]杆菌溶素microbial population 微生物群体; 微生物群系#microbial [maI`krEJbIEl] adj. 微生物的, 由细菌引起的#soil microbial population土壤微生物群系#marine microbial biochemistry 海洋微生物生物化学#microbial methylation 微生物甲基化作用sphere n.球，球体，范围，领域，方面，圈子，半球#sphere [sfiE] n. 球, 球体, 范围, 领域, 方面, 圈子, 半球球; 球面; 球体; 圈; 地球的圈层; 领域; 范围; 天体仪#sphere of action 作用范围; 作用区cocci n. [微生物] 球菌#cocci [5kCksai] [微生物]球菌#cocci c 球菌的#cocci dian 球虫; 球虫的enmesh vt.使绊住，使陷人#enmesh [in5meF, en-] vt. 使绊住, 使陷入floc n.絮状物，棉丛#floc [flCk] n. 絮状物, 棉丛絮凝物; 絮状物; 絮凝剂#floc culate [5flCkjuleit] v. 絮凝, 絮结#floc culation [flCkju5leiFEn] n. 絮凝, 絮结产物#floc culant [5flCkjulEnt] n. 凝聚剂; 絮凝剂#non-floc culated 非絮凝的#organic floc culant 有机絮凝剂#synthetic polymeric floc culant 合成高分子絮凝剂synthetic [sin5Wetic] adj. 合成的, 人造的, 综合的#chemical floc culation 化学絮凝法#floc culating agent 絮化剂; 絮凝剂; 凝聚剂#floc culation 絮化作用; 絮凝; 絮凝作用; 凝聚作用; 结絮#floc culation test 絮凝试验; 絮状沉淀试验; 絮状试验chlorid n.氯化物，漂白粉#chlori c [5klC:rik] adj. [化]氯的, 含氯的#chloride [5klC:raid] n. [化]氯化物#chlorid izeation [5klC:ridaiz]vt. [化]用氯化物处理, 涂氯化银, 氯化氯化; 氯化处理; 氯化作用#chlorid ization 氯化#cupric chlorid e 氯化铜cupric [5kju:prik] adj. [化]二价铜的#sodium chlorid e 氯化钠 sodium [5sEudjEm, -diEm] n. [化] 钠#chlorid e of lime 氯化石灰; 漂白粉lime [laim] n. 酸橙, 石灰, 黏鸟胶phosphorous a.磷的#phosphorous [5fCsfErEs] adj. 磷的#phosphorous acid 磷酸; 亚磷酸#phosphorous acid anhydride 亚磷酸酐 anhydride [An5haidraid] n.酐#phosphorous removal 除磷carbonate n.［化］碳酸盐；vt.使变成碳酸盐，使充满二氧化碳#carbonate [5kB:bEneit] n.[化]碳酸盐 vt. 使变成碳酸盐, 使充满二氧化碳#carbona ceous [kB:bE5neIFEs] adj. [化]碳的, 碳质的, 含碳的#carbonatat ion [9kB:bEnE`teIFLn] n. [化]二氧化碳饱和#calcium carbonate碳酸钙bicarbonate n.［化〕重碳酸盐#bicarb [bai5kB:b] n. [化]重碳酸盐#bicarbonate [bai5kB:bEnit] n. [化]重碳酸盐; 碳酸氢盐#bicarbonate buffer system 重碳酸盐缓冲系#bicarbonate ion 碳酸氢盐离子magnesium n.镁#magnesium [mA^5ni:zjEm] n. [化]镁#magnesi a [mA^5ni:FE] n. 镁氧, 氧化镁#magnesium metal 金属镁#magnesium metasilicate 硅酸镁metasilicate [7metE5silikit] n. [化]硅酸盐arsenic n.［化］砷，砒霜#arsenic (As) [5B:sEnik] n. [化]砷, 砒霜砷#arsenic oxide 五氧化二砷 oxide [5Cksaid] n. [化]氧化物#arsenic trioxide 三氧化二砷 trioxide [trai5Cksaid] n. [化]三氧化物cyanide n.〔化］氰化物#cyanide [5saIEnaId] n. [化]氰化物#copper cyanide氰化铜#cyanide pollution 氰化物污染#cyanide-containing waste 含氰废水concentration n.浓度#concentrat e [5kCnsentreit] v. 集中, 浓缩#concentration [7kCnsen5treiFEn] n. 集中, 集合, 专心, 浓缩, 浓度#concentration meter 浓度计#concentration method 浓集法; 浓缩法protein n.[生化]蛋白质；a.蛋白质的#protein [5prEuti:n] n. [生化]蛋白质 adj. 蛋白质的蛋白; 蛋白质;朊#protein gel 蛋白凝胶gel [dVel] n. 凝胶体 v. 成冻胶sewage n.下水道，污水；v.用污水灌溉，装下水道于#sewage [5sju(:)idV] n. 下水道, 污水 v. 用污水灌溉, 装下水道于#activated sewag e 活化污水; 活性污水#aeration of sewage/sewage aeration 污水曝气处理aeration [7eiE5reiFEn] n. 通风#sewage-treatment plant 污水处理装置#subsurface sewage disposal 地下污水处理disposal [dis5pEuzEl] n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配#urban sewage treatment plant 城市污水处理厂#biochemical sewage treatment 污水生化处理#biological sewage treatment 污水生物学处理#chemical treatment of sewage污水化学处理法#sewage analysis 污水分析#sewage disposal system 污水处理系统biodegradable a.生物所能分解的#degradable [dI`^reIdEbl] adj. 可降解的#biodegradable [7baiEudi5^reidEbl] adj.生物可降解的#biodegradab ility 生物可降解性#biodegrada tion [7baiEudi^rei5deiFEn] 生物降解#rate of biodegrada tion 生物降解速度excreta n.排泄物（如汗、尿、粪等）#excreta [eks5kri:tE] n. 排泄物(如汗.尿.粪等)排泄物#excreta treatment 排泄物处理#processed human excreta处理过的粪便urine n.尿#urine [5juErin] n. 尿#glucose in urine尿糖 glucose [5^lu:kEus] n. 葡萄糖Text：Water PollutantsSolidsSolids are classified in a variety of ways. Total solids，including all solids present in a water sample are determined directly by evaporating a known volume of an unfiltered water sample in a 105℃oven. Total Solids are the total of the organic and inorganic solids or the total of the suspended and dissolved solids．In an average domestic wastewater，total solids are about half organic and half inorganic，and about two-thirds in solution（dissolved）and one-third in suspension. The organic solids，which are subject to decay，constitute the main problem in wastewater treatment.Suspended solids（SS）and volatile suspended solids（VSS）are the most useful. SS and BOD（biochemical oxygen demand）are used as measures of wastewater strength and process performance. VSS can be an indicator in the organic content of raw wastes and can also provide a measure of the active microbial population in biological processes。
全新版大学英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations.What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。
这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢?它们会得到加强还是削弱?作者对这些问题进行了探讨。
In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don'tcall him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, itdoesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."寻找达沃斯人彼得·甘贝尔威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿,在芝加哥长大,就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。
专业硕士英语Unit4-4
[32] I gntense look in his eyes.
make things right ."
译文： [23] 我把擦过的纸扔进废纸篓，继续为他的脚按 摩。幸运？我用拇指用力地按他变硬的肌肤，他一点感 觉都没有。 [24]“反向力，米奇，还记得吗？事物朝两个方 向发展。” [25]我记得。 [26]“我哀叹时间在无情地逝去，但我又庆幸它 仍给了我弥补的机会。”
不知为什么他讲这些故事时一点都不害怕。
betray：
avt.对…不忠； 背叛； 出卖； 泄露
例句： They offered me money if I would betray my associates. 他们提出来只要我供出同伙就给我钱。
THANKS
译文： [27]我们静静地坐在那里，雨水打在窗上，他身后的那 棵木槿小而挺拔，依然生命旺盛。 [28]“米奇，”莫里低声说。 [29]嗯？ [30]我神情专注地揉动着他的脚趾。 [31]“看着我。” [32]我抬起头来，看见了他非常严肃的眼神。
whispered：
adj.<医>耳语的，低语的；
v.低声说( whisper的过去式和过去分词 )； 私语； 小声说； 私下说
译文： [33] “ 我 不 知 道 你 为 什 么 回 到 我 身 边 来 。 但 我 想 说……”他打住了话头，声音有些哽咽。“如果我还能 有个儿子，我希望他就是你。” [34]我垂下眼睛，搓揉着他坏死的肌肤。一时间我有点 不知所措，似乎接受了莫里的感情就意味着背叛自己的 父亲。可当我抬起头来，看着莫里噙着泪水的笑容，我 知道此时此刻根本就不存在什么背叛。 [35]我真正害怕的是跟他说再见。
unit4专业英语翻译-2
语法成分的转换
为了突出原句中的定语，可在翻译时将 其转换为谓语或表语。例如： There is a large amount of energy wasted due to the fraction of commutator. 译:换向器引起的摩擦损耗了大量的能量。 Many factors enter into equipment reliability . 译:涉及设备可靠性的因素很多。
专业英语的翻译－2
词性的转换
英语和汉语在语言结构和表达上有很多 不同的特点，科技英语句子中的名词化 结构较多，而谓语动词则只有一个；相 对而言，汉语的一个句子中往往包含有 几个动词；此外汉语中没有英语中的冠 词、关系代词、关系副词、分词、不定 式、动名词等语法成分，因而翻译时就 需要做适当的词性转换处理。
词性的转换
其他的词性转换 Many Western people are religious. 译：西方人很多都是虔诚的教徒。 The unit of weight is the gram,that of length is the meter,and that of capacity is the litre. 译：重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容 量单位是升。
词性的转换
2、介词在很多情况下，尤其是在构成状语时， 往往可译成汉语的动词。例如： Noise factor is minimized by a parameter amplifier. 采用参数放大器，即可将噪声系数减至最低。 Power is needed to stall the armature against inertia. 为使电枢克服惯性而制动，就需要一定的能量。 The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronics experts. 译：公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家
（完整版）（整理）环境工程专业英语翻译（中英对照）
（完整版）（整理）环境工程专业英语翻译（中英对照）Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，but which are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
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State of matter. In making an environmental analysis it is necessary to designate the physical form of the species being.
最后，我们应该认识到环境影响不可能全部会被一般 人的感知能力识别到，认识到这一点很重要，因此需 要采用高级化学或物理分析方法来测定。
In order to provide a meaningful description of the general field of environmental analysis, this field may be considered from three point of view: the basic concepts underlying the reasons for and choice of the analysis which are normally performed; the available techniques and methodology[ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒi] commonly used; and the current status of capabilities in environmental analysis.
In fact, the ability to obtain an authentic sample is probably one of the most difficult aspects of any environmental analysis due to the considerable complexity and heterogeneity of most environmental systems.
This is because considerable confusion exists about the meaning of a “zero” level of concentration. In fact, it is probably never possible to state that none of the atoms or molecules of the species in question are present so that no true zero exists.
The overall objective of environmental analysis is to obtain information about both natural and pollutant species present in the environment so as to make a realistic assessment of their probable behavior. 环境分析的总体目标是为了获得环境中存在的自然 物和污染物的相关信息，以便对它们可能的行为做 出真实的评估.
environmental impact may not always be discernible by
normal human perception so that detection may require
sophisticated chemical or physical analyses.
环境科学与工程专业英语
Specialized English for environmental science and engineering
化学化工学院
贺薇
PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Unit 4
Environmental Analysis
Normally, four types of measurements are made: qualitative analysis to identify the species present; quantitative analysis to determine how much of the species is present; speciation or characterization to establish details of chemical form and the manner in which the pollutant is actually present (such as being adsorbed onto the surface of a particle): and impact analysis in which measurements are made for the specific purpose of determining the extent to which an environmental impact is produced by the pollutants in question. 通常，进行四种类型的(分析)测定 ：定性分析，确定污染 物存在的种类；定量分析，以确定各种污染物的量有多少 ； 种类或特征分析，确定该污染物的化学形态和实际存在的 方式（例如被吸附在颗粒的表面）的详细情况；而进行影 响分析的确切目的是为了确定所讨论的污染物产生的环境 影响的程度。
这是因为对零浓度的含义存在很大的不确定性。事 实上，通常对所讨论的物质不能说（认为）连一个 原子或一个分子都不存在，所以不存在真正 的零 浓度。
In reporting an environmental analysis it is also necessary to specify the precision and accuracy associated with the measurements.
For example，certain organic gases can exist either as gases or adsorbed onto the surface of solid particles, and the analytical procedures employed for determination of each form are quite different. 例如，某些有机气体既可以以气态存在也可以吸附 到固体颗粒表面，而用来测定其每一形态的分析方 法是完全不同的。
The effects of pollutants on materials, especially
building materials, may be another area of concern and
one which is often very visible and displeasing (for
Text
Environmental analysis involves the performance of chemical, physical, and biological measurements in an environmental system.
环境分析包括在环境系统中进行的物理、化学和 生物测定。
为了对环境分析的常规领域进行恰当的说明，该领域 可从三个方面进行考虑：通常情况下选择分析方法及 其原因的基本概念；通常可采用的技术和方法；环境 分析能力的现状。
Whatever the information being sought, it is vitally important to obtain an authentic sample （which represents the particular system being investigated.) 注意句子中分词结构的广泛采用。 authenticity n.真实性 可靠性 authentic adj. 真实的,可靠的 无论是想获得哪方面信息，获得可靠的样品（真实 的试样）是极其重要的，因为它代表了所要调查的 特定体系。
在报告一个环境分析结果时也需要明确提出测量相 关的精确度和准确性。
Thus, many environmental measurements involve comparison of results obtained in different systems or under different conditions (of temperature, time, pollutant concentration, and so on) in the same system so that it is necessary to establish whether two numbers which are different are in fact indicative of different conditions.
example, the defacing of ancient statues by sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere).
污染物对材料特别是建筑材料的影响是另一个受关注
的方面，这种影响是很明显的并且令人不愉快的（例
如大气中的二氧化硫破坏古代雕像）。
Finally, it is important to recognize that an
This system may involve either the natural or the polluted environment, although the term “environmental analysis” is increasingly used to refer only to situations in which measurements are made of pollutants. 这一系统不仅包括自然环境也包括受污染环境，但是 环境分析一词越来越专指对污染物测定的情况，