英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Fifteen_2
高级英语笔记下册
高级英语下册Lesson One1.The lower your position is, the more people you are afraid of . (1)—此处采用了‖the + 比较级…+ the + 比较级…‖结构，表示‖越…，就越…‖，前者是状语从句，后者是主句。
E.g. the more, the better 越多越好。
The harder she worked, the more progress she made. 她工作越努力，进步越大。
2. And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build the company and now own and direct it. (1)—who found and build the company and now own and direct it为men 的定语从句。
另外注意，found 意为‖创立、设立‖。
E.g. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国于1949年成立。
这里不要与find 的过去分词found 混淆，因常用的搭配形式为help (to) do sth.3. In the normal course of a business day…(3)—in the course of为固定词组，意为‖在…当中‖。
E.g. In the course of the discussion many constructive opinions were heard.在讨论当中，听到了很多具有建设4. Green is afraid of me because most of the work in my department is done for the Sales Department, which is more important than his department,… (3)—which is more important than his department为the Sales Department的非限时性定语从句。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson Sixteen 2
Lesson Sixteen Through the Tunnel Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1Contrition sent him running after her.Contrition made him run after her mother.to send sth/sb doing something means to make sb/sth do somethingThe blast sent everything in the house flying in all directions.2…he said quickly, smiling at her out of that unfailing impulse of contrition-a sort of chivalry.that unfailing impulse of contrition: 那无时不在的懊悔之情out of: because of3I must be careful.I must be careful not to let him feel that he ought to be with me.4…that his mother had gained her beach…that his mother had reached the beach she liked to stay.to gain a place means to arrive at or reach a place after a lot of effort or difficultyThe small boat finally gained the lighthouse.5He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.Jerry was concerned with his mother very much. He felt relieved when he was sure that his mother was safe and sound on her beach. But without the company of her son, she suddenly looked very lonely.all at once: suddenly6To be with them, of them…to be with them is to be among themto be of them is to belong to the group of boys or become their friend.7They were big boys-men to Jerry.To Jerry the big boys looked like grownups.8He cried openly, fists in his eyes.他毫不掩饰地大哭起来，用手揉眼睛。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Eleven_2
Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and Politics Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1…even in Paradise.even when he is dead.2Human beings, for the most part, are not like this."for the most part" means mostly, most of them.3on that accountbecause of that, on that reason 为了那个缘故The game was cancelled on account of the rain.4…satiety is a dream which will always elude you.…to think that man can become satisfied is an illustion.5…motives that survive the conquest of hunger.…motives that continue to exist when hunger is satisfied.6One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds on.One problem of vanity is that one grows more vain if one is encouraged in one's vanity.虚荣心的问题之一是，越是有鼓励它的东西，虚荣心就越强。
feed on: give food to 给予食物，喂What do you feed your cat on?7the condemned murderera murderer who has been found guilty and sentenced to punishment, possibly the death sentence.8Politicians and literary men are in the same case.政治家和文人也属于此列。
自考高级英语下册Lesson 2
•
现代主义小说的结构
在这种结构里，时间、空间、因果 等逻辑关系的观念已被突破，故事情 节的完整性和连贯性已被放到可有可 无的地位；只有意识在过去、现在和 将来往返穿梭，片段的回忆、破碎的 现实与残存的梦幻交织成一体，呈现 出一片光怪陆离的景象。 • 在个人经验与感觉的无限扩散与复 杂运动中，传统概念上的人物性格刻 画与故事高潮结局几乎不复存在，故 事情节是在对内心世界的描述中零零 碎碎地逐渐浮现出来的。
.the Revelation of his Works
the dublin of his experience and imagination was the setting for all his major work. Joyce had ever stated clearly the aim of his creation of Dubliners was to write a chapter for a moral history of his mother land On the one hand,to denounce the moral paralysis, numbness and backwardness of the dubliners. On the other hand,intend to arouse the awareness of people's senses.
What is the conflict in the story?
• The conflict is between Eveline‘s desire to leave and her duty to the family or between her desire for freedom and her conservative ideas.
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Six_2
Lesson Six Trifles (Part Two) Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1You won't feel them when you go out.If you don't take of your things (coat,etc.), when you put them on again to go out into the cold you won't feel you have them on.2Frank's fire didn't do much up there…The fire Frank made didn't make the upstairs room warmer…3Well, let's go out to the barn and get that cleared up.Here " to clear up" means to find out what can be discovered there, so that we know whether the barn has anything to do with the murder.4…smoothing out a block with decision.…she smoothed a square part of the quilt with determination.5It's all over the place!针脚很乱！6…as if she didn't know what she was about!…as if she didn't know what she was doing!7They may be through sooner than we think.They may finish their work in the barn sooner than we expected.8…they'd be about it.…they should hurry up with it.9… and no company when he did come in.…after work when he finally came into the house, he did not keep his wife company, which means he was not pleasant to be with and his wife still felt lonely even though he was in the house.10Not to know him.I don't know him well.11Here's some red.Here are some red patches.12It's all - other side to.The neck is twisted to the other side.13They're superstitious, you know. They leave.Cat have insticts for unlucky things to happen and they leave the place before unlucky things happen.14I knew John Wright.I knew what kind of person John Wright was, I am sure it was he who killed the bird.15But you know juries when it comes to women.Juries are always more sympathetic to women and we need convincing evidence to make them convict women.16…a sheriff's wife is married to the law.…a sheriffs wife is law abiding, is always on the side of the law.17Not - just that way.Not just thinking about the law and being law abiding.18 A moment Mrs. Hale holds her…Mrs. Hale's eyes hold Mrs. Peter's eyes for a moment…They look into each other's eyes for a moment…19He didn't drink, and kept his word as well as most.He didn't drink alcohol and tried his best to keep his promise.keep one's word: keep one's promise 信守诺言He never fails to keep his word so you can rely upon him.20Now let's go up again and go over it piece by piece.Now le't go upstairs once again and examine the room little by little.piece by piece: one at a time 一件一件地，逐渐地We have to clean the big house piece by piece.21The two women sit there not looking at one another, but as if peering into something.The two women sit there not looking at each other, but as if gazing into something.peer into: look closely 凝视，盯着看He peered into the pictures on the screen.22Catches herself.Mrs. Peters stopped speaking suddenly.catch oneself: stop speaking suddenly, shut up 突然住嘴Tome caught himself, knowing that he had said something unsuitable.23Very nervously begins winding this around the bottle.Very nervously begins wrapping the petticoat closely around the bottle.wind something around something: fold or wrap closely 包紧，裹住She wound a blanket around her baby.24Under her breath.Mrs. Hales speaks in a whisper.under one;s breath: in as whisper 低声地说某事The grandpa spoke to me under his breath.25She …goes to pieces, stands there helpless.She breaks up mentally, stands there without knowing what to do.go to pieces: break up physically, mentally or morally （肉体，精神，或道德）崩溃He went to pieces when he knew that he was dismissed.。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Eight_2
Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My Supper Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1Science, to my mind, is applied hoesty…Science is something in which honesty is put into practice. There is no room for cheating in science.2…I feel the way a man would if his favorite uncle had taken to drink.You have mixed feelings if your favorite uncle has got into the bad habit of drinking alcoholic liquor. On the one hand, you feel resentful for his doing so, but on the other hand, as he is your beloved uncle, you may feel bitterly disappointed and sorry for him. This is exactly how the author feels about error committed in the name of science.3America can set as good a table as any nation in the world.America can provide food as good as that provided by any nation in the world.4… it is sad to go back eating with my friends - even the alleged "good cooks" among them.The food prepared by his friends is tasteless. This is true of the food prepared by those friends who are said to be god cooks.So it is sad to go back to eating with them. Here "eating" is a verbal noun, expresses a frequent action.5The latter were sharp but not too sharp.Cheese can be made to be pungent, less pungent or light in taste. Usually the world "sharp" or "medium" or "light" is printed on the package of the cheese for the convenience of the customers.6…but no one comes within miles of the old kinds - for flavor.…they are all inferior in flavor to the old kinds of cheeses.但是在味道上没有一种不和原来的奶酪差上十万八千里。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-LessonTwelve2
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-LessonTwelve2Lesson Twelve The Everlasting Witness Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1 a thousand and one felicitous birdsa great number of birds singing merrily2Marian's brother-in-law read the English page, as dedicated as a nice little boy reading the funnies…the English page refers to the special page printed in English of the local paper.the funnies are comic strips in newspaper.Her brother-in-law read the English page with such great interest and attention that he did not join in the conversation. 3Theresa's bright smile had always been her mark and now, childless and with a husband beyond war age, and a life both ordered and gay, it looked as if that smile had justified itself.Theresa always had a bright smile which is typical of hercharacter. It seemed reasonable for her to have the smile. Her husband was beyond war age so she did not have to worry about his being drafted for war. And they were leading an orderly and happy life without their children living with them.4Marian opened her mouth to tell them what she had done the night before and then she closed it on brioche, no words.She opened her mouth to say something, and then she changed her mind and bit the brioche instead, saying nothing.5the trip to Mexico was for her to find herself, get back on her feetthe trip to Mexico was for her to find out what kind of situation she was in and get rid of her mental suffering and return to her normal condition.on one's feet: be in good health after an illness 痊愈，复原It's nice to see you on your feet again.6who was Jerry's stepfather and therefore involved multifoldly in her sufferingJerry's stepfather was worried about his wife and, for her sake, about her son.7For the matter she would drive herself and keep the whole event within her control.She would drive her own car to the cinema. In this way she could have all the freedom and plenty of time to decide what to do, when to do it and how long it should take.8But that part had not worked because she hadn't been able to let it work.That part refers to her husband's assumption that she would not be able to find the newsreel in Mexico.But she was determined to find, and in fact had found three cinemas that had the newsreel on show. And because of that, herhusband's assumption hadn't worked. In other words, it hadn't come true.9She had to manage him alone, had sometimes failed him, had sometimes been burdened too greatly.She alone had had to teach him how to behave, had sometimes disappointed him by not meeting his needs, and had sometimes had to bear too much work so as to keep the family going.10…but this had not given him a retroactive father for the twelve-thirteen-fourteen-year-old times of crisis.…but this had not given him a father whose help he had needed most in his difficult early teens. It is believed that the early teens are a critical period of time for the growth of a boy.11She could hardly remember now what happened to her after the notification.She could hardly remember now what happened to her after she was notified her son was missing in action.12Nightmares of looking for him over hills of rubbled dying…She had nightmares in which she was looking for him amony the dyi ng soldiers lying in rubbles over one hill after another…13Once two indolent people in the seats next to theirs delayed them…Once two impolite people in the seats next to theirs were so lazy as not to stand up in time for them to pass…14Her husband was lost to her.She was so absorbed in the newsreel that she forgot about the presence of her husband.15But she knew that no emotion was pertinent.Watching those shining new weapons for death, she could not help but become emotional and her hands and her neckbegan to sweat. But she knew that it was not a time for her to bring in any emotion.pertinent: having to do with the matter in hand.16She felt her blood pricking along her temples and there was pressure in her chest below the hollow.She felt a sharp pain along ther temples as if the blood was bursting out and there was pressure on her heart.17So strong a hope must play delaying games.Marian strongly hoped to see Jerry, but at the same time she was afraid that it might not be Jerry. So, psychologically, she tried to put off that decisive moment for fear of being disappointed, thus feeling as if the scene was delayed in coming.18She got out of her seat still unconscious of her husband.This shows that her mind was fully occupied by what she had seen in the picture.19We ain't going to play up to this and grin from ear to ear to make out we're well off…We are not going to make use of this film to gain anything for ourselves and grin ear to ear to show that we are in pretty good condition.We are not going to put on smiles and look nice so as to pretend for the film we are happy as prisoners of war.play up to: flatter 献媚He always plays up to his political bosses.be well of: provided with enough supply 供应充裕的He is well off for bright ideas.20That was hope and she had to feed it.She had the feeling that the newsreel should last a little longer, and that gave her hope that her son might be still alive.She must keep this hope alive and go to see the newsreel in21Up to now Theresa went with her, or dropped her and picked her up.Up to now Theresa either went with her to the flower market, or drove her there, let her get out of the car and then drove back, and then came back at an appointed time to take her back home.22This is the day. But what day?This is the day for her to go and see the newsreel alone, to find out if her son is in the newsreel. But is it going to be a satisfying day? Will she see her son in the newsreel or not? These are Marian's inner thoughts.23…she would simply ma ke waiting womanly and rational.she would endure all her emotional distress like a woman, waiting for her son to come back in a patient and reasonable manner.24The uncertainty was at last behind her.She no longer felt uncertain about her son's life. She had made a decision.25Now she could go, whatever was that need for buying flowers, taken care of.No matter what need it was for buying flowers, she had that need taken care of when she left the flowers in the woman's place. So now she could go to the cinema.26Everything was getting ready for this moment.This moment refers to watching the newsreel.27Either she could tolerate.she had made a decision, so she felt she could endure either-her son's death or his being alive.28It did not occur to her that the newsreel might not be there.She did not think of the possibility that the newsreel might29She came in the middle of a French costume picture.A French costume picture is a film in which the actors wear French historical clothes (古装片).30She had long ago given the boys names.。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Thirteen_2
Lesson Thirteen Selected Snobberies Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1There are certain disfiguring and mortal diseases about which there has probably never been any snobbery.Probably there has never been anybody who is snobbish about diseases which destroy the looks and are incurable.2adolescent consumption-snobsteenagers who suffer from TB and feel superior because of it.3to fade away in the flower of youthto die gradually when young4the final stages of the consumptive fadingthe last stages of TB when the patient is weakening and dying5the complacent poeticizings of these adolescents must seem as exasperating as they are profoundly pathetic.These teenage TB patients feel so satisfied with themselves that they romanticize their illness. They are so ignorant that people both sorry for and annoyed at them.6whose claim to distinctiontheir demand that they are different and should be respected.7…exasperation is not tempered by very much sympathy.…our exasperation is not reduced by sympathy. We have no sympathy for those snobs. We only feel exasperated.8problematical diseasesWhethe they are really ill at all is rather doubtful. The author indicates that these rich people are not really ill.9…of which now some, now others take pride of place in general esteem.At one time some snobberies are generally regarded as the most popular or fashionable; at another time other snobberies are regarded so.10The snobbery of culture, still strong, has now to wrestle with an organized and active low-browism The snobbery of culture now has to fight with low-browism which is very active and effectively acted upon by large numbers of people.11Even in France, where the existence of so many varieties of delicious wine had hitherto imposed a judicious connoisseurship and has led to the branding of mere drinking as a brutish solecism, …In France, the existence of so many different kinds of wonderful wine has set up the authority of the French people on judging the quality of wines and has led them to reard drinking alcoholic drinks as an uncivilized offense against good social manners.12… for well-brought-up men and well-brought-up womem of all ages, from fifteen to seventy, to be seen drunk, if not in public, at least in the very much tempered privacy of a party.If well-brought-up men and women still can't be seen drunk in public, at least now it is all right for them to be seen drunk in a party, which, though not very private with the guests around, is less public than in front of the public eyes.13Organized waste among consumers is the first condition of our industrial properity.If our industry is to develop quickly so the capitalists can make even more money, the first thing these people need to do is to deliberately produce things of poor quality that will not last long, or things that are easily dated in style. This way the consumers have to keep buying things.14…and you have the gospel of any leader of any modern industry.Any leader of any modern industry will accept this as the principle and act upon it.15The newspaper do their best to help those who help them.The newspaper do their best to help the industrialists who pay them millions and millions a year for advertisements.16The value of snobbery in general, its humanistic "point"…The value of snobbery in general, its value concerning human beings…17The society-snob must be perpetually lion-hunting…The society-snobs must try constantly to have famous people as their guests at social getherings or parties, or just try to get acquainted with them.18…because it compels the philistines to pay at least some slight tribute to the things of the mind and so helps to make the world less dangerously unsafe for ideas than it otherwise might have been.Those people who do not like or understand good art, music, literature, etc. and do not think they are important (here the author uses this word to refer to the people in power who only pay attention to material things) will have to at least show a little bit of respect for the products of the mind (ideas), instead of banning or not welcoming them. Thus it will be less dangerous and unsafe for things of the mind.pay (a) tribute to: show respect or admiration 表示敬意或推崇By erecting this statue we have paid a tribute to the memory of the founder of our university.19Each hierarchy culminates in its own particular Pope.Each group of people has its most highly esteemed snobbery.20People who possess sufficient leisure, sufficient wealth, not to mention sufficient health, …can not expect us to be very lavish in our solicitude and pity.Don't expect us to be generous in showing our concern and pity to those people who are leisured, wealthy and healthy.not to mention: without mentioning 更不用说We are too busy to take a long holiday this year, not to mention the fact that we can't afford it.21Even in France the American booze-snobbery, … is making headway among the rich.The American booze-snobbery starts to be popular among the rich people even in France.make headway: make progress 有进展Their scientific experiment has made much headway.22Thanks to modern machinery, production is outrunning consumption.Owing to modernized machines, production exceeds consumption.thanks to: owing to; as the result of 由于，因为Thanks to your help I passed the exam.23…the producer must do his bit by producing nothing but the most perishable articles.The producer tries his best to produce goods that go back easily only.do noe's bit: perform one's share of task 做份内之事 ; give as much help as is expected of one 尽力帮助The old professor did his bit to help the students finish the experiment.nothing but: only, meerly 只有，仅仅，只不过Nothing but a miracle can save him.24Which in fact he does do - on an enormous scale and to the tune of millions and millions a year - by means of advertising.Producers spend millions of dollars on advertisement to encourage modernity-snobbery greatly.On an enormous scale: to a large degree 大规模地They are preparing for war on an enormous scale.to the tune of: to the amount of 总数高达His company was fined to the tune of ten thousand dollars.by means of: through, with the help of 借，用Thoughts are expressed by means of words.25Then we shall condemn all snobberies out of hand.We shall scold all snobberies at once.out of hand: at once 立即The situation needs to be dealt with out of hand.。
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Lesson Fifteen Is America Falling Apart Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1 a castellated townThis is a town built in the style of a castle.2the hammer and sickle painted on the rumps of public statuesThe hammer and sickle is the symbol of the Communist Party in Italy. It shows that the Communist Party was active at that time.3 a thousand-lira note shrunk to the slightness of a dollar billThis tells us that the Italian money was very much depreciated (贬值) at that time.4the open markets are luscious with esculent colorthe open markets are full of delicious fruits and vegetables in mouth-watering color.5…the human condition is humorously accepted.Italians accept their difficult living condition with a sense of humor.6… but the next Wednesday's return of an old Western is something to look forward to.…but an old American film about cowboys to be re-showed next Wednesday is something the local people look forward to.7What matters is… the wresting of minimal sweetness of the long-known bitterness of living.For many years they have been living a bitter life, yet they can still get through effort the least amount of pleasure out of the bitter life. This is what is important to them.8…prewar, if one thing went wrong the day was ruined; postwar, if one thing went right the day would be made.…before the war people felt everything was going on fine and they were unprepared for anything to go wrong. So if anything went wrong, they would be in a bad mood, feeling the whole day was spoiled. But after the war, if one thing went right, people would be in high spirits, feeling the whole day was nice.9…the Kafka feeling that the whole marvelous fabric of American life is coming apart at the seams.… the feeling that the whole of American society is breaking down fundamentally, which is similar to the feeling described in Kafka's novels.come apart: fall to pieces 破掉，碎掉The teapot just came apart in my hands.10The run-down rail services of America are something I try, vainly, to forget.The railway services of America are extremely bad, I try to forget them, but I failed to.11American individualism…wishes to manifest itself in independence of the community.American individualism…finds its expression in being independent of or being different from other people in the community.12Once let the acquisitive instinct burgeon, and there was ruggedly individual forces only too ready to make it come to full and monstrous blossom.As soon as the acquisitive instinct begins to grow, strong individual forces will develop it fully, which is something outrageous.ruggedly individual forces: often termed rugged individualism, the disguised, hot pursuit of practical and realisticinterests of an didividualonly too ready to make it come to full and monstrous blossom:very ready to make the acquitive instinct develop fully.13This self-elected deprivation was a way into the nastier side of the consumer society.I myself chose not to buy an automobile and that led me to see the more disgusting side of the consumer society.14The nightmare of filth, outside and in, that enfolds the trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be accepted in backward Europe.The filth inside the trains and along the railway line from Springfield to New York is so horrible that it would not be accepted in backward Europe.15The more efficiently self-contained the home seems to be, the more dependent it is on the great impersonal corporations…When the home is efficiently equipped with all sorts of gadgets, it becomes dependent on the great indifferent corporations.The more the home is thus equipped, the more dependent it is on the latter…16Skills at the lowest level have to be wooed slavishly and exorbitantly rewarded.Even workers doing the least skilled jobs have to be begged to come and paid much too high.17And doctors…know their scarcity value and behave accordingly.And doctors…know their great value because there are not enough doctors to meet the needs and therefore charge excessive medical fees.18Planned obsolescence is not conductive to pride in workmanship.Articles that are designed to break or wear out quickly do not help people to take pride in their work.19On another level, consumption is turning sour.… consumption is becoming something unpleasant.20Indestructible plastic hasn't even the grace to undergo chemical change.to have the grace to do something means to be polite enough to do something proper.明智地做某事，爽爽快快地做某事He had the grace to say that he was sorry.Here it is used humorously to refer to the fact that goods made of plastic cannot be recycled.21Awareness of this is a kind of redemptive grace, but it has not led to repentance and a revolution in consumer habits.Awareness of this is a kind of compensation for their guilty feelings about consumption. Yet it has not noticeably brought about deep regret for or a drastic change in the way they consume.22… they don't noticeably clamor for a decrease in the number of owner-vehicles.…they don't demand loudly a decrease in the number of private cars.23America has always despised its teachers and, as a consequesnce, it has been granted the teachers it deserves.America has always looked down upon its teachers, as result, it deserves to have the kind of teachers it gets.as a consequence: as a result 结果He's never studied hard, as a consequence, he's never passed examinations.24The quality of first-grade education…could not…be faulted on the level of dogged conscientiousness.You could not find fault with the teachers for the quality of first-grade education. The teachers were conscientious and determined to do a good job.on the level of: in the aspect of, in connection with25But there seemed to be no spark, no daring, no madness, no readiness to engage the individual child's mind as anything other than raw material for statistical reductions.但是除了把孩子的头脑当作进行数字计算训练的原料以为，似乎不存在能使孩子开动脑筋的火花，胆识，激情与愿望。