高级英语张汉熙笔记

Unit One The Middle Eastern BazaarLead-inTextual Structure of the TextDetailed Study of the TextRhetorical DevicesThe Middle EastGenerally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.The Middle East is a loosely defined geographic region; the countries listed are generally considered part of the Middle East. These Middle East countries are part of the Asian continent, with the exception of Egypt, which is part of Africa, and the northwestern part of Turkey, which is part of the European landmass.Rich in oil, linking point of three continents. Nearby five seas: Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Caspian Sea (里海)BazaarBazaar: A market consisting of a street lined with shops and stalls, especially one in the Middle East.---handicraft economy, contrast to the modern societyThree famous bazaars in the Middle East:The Khan Khalili Bazaar in Cairo, Egypt埃及开罗汗·哈利利集市The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey土耳其伊斯坦布尔大市集The Damascus Bazaar in Syria叙利亚大马士革集市China’s most busiest markets:Xiushui Street and Da Zha Lan in Beijing北京大栅栏和秀水街References“The history of Middle East”(Mesopotamia Civilization, Civilization of Ancient Egypt, Middle East Wars)“The Bible—Old Testament”(the first half of the Christian Bible)“Talmud”塔尔穆德(犹太法典)(the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism) 犹太法典中的几句箴言有四种人，一种人说：“我的是我的，你的是你的。

”这是平凡人；一种人说：“我的是你的，你的是我的。

”这是庸俗人；一种人说：“你的我的全是我的。

”这是邪恶人；一种人说：“我的你的全是你的。

”这是敬虔人。

上帝不以男人的头创造女人，因为女人不可支配男人；但也不以男人的脚创造女人，因为女人不可成为男人的奴隶；而以男人的肋骨创造女人，因为要她永远贴近他的心。

20岁不潇洒，30岁不成业，40岁不富有，50岁不幸福，那一辈子就完了。

Section I (Para 1)3. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.heat coolGlare darkopen square cavernas far as the eye can seethe words eye and ear are used in the singular form not to mean the concrete organ of sight or hearing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means man’s power of seeing or eyesight.She has an eye for beauty. （审美眼光）She has an ear for music.(对音乐有鉴赏力)The boy has a sharp eye.（敏锐的眼光）The big poster caught my eye.（引起某人注意）Keep an eye on that mischievous boy.（留意，照看）To turn a blind eye to sth.（对…视而不见）To turn a deaf ear to sth. （对…充耳不闻）Glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome a “bright sunlight”刺眼的光太阳光很刺眼，我得戴上墨镜。

I have to wear sunglasses because of the glare of the sun.Cavern：a cave, especially a large cave. Here, it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of roof over them.In our text it means the bazaar looks like a cavern because it is a long, narrow, and dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over it. Here the author employed a metaphor (隐喻，暗喻)to achieve vividness.Glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome a “bright sunlight”刺眼的光太阳光很刺眼，我得戴上墨镜。

I have to wear sunglasses because of the glare of the sun.Cavern：a cave, especially a large cave. Here, it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of roof over them.In our text it means the bazaar looks like a cavern because it is a long, narrow, and dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over it. Here the author employed a metaphor (隐喻，暗喻)to achieve vividness.Losing itself in the shadowy distance:The place is dark, so when the street is long, objects in the distance become unclear and indistinct (faint, dim).The word shadowy suggests shifting illumination and indistinct vision.Disappearing in the faint distance; beyond one’s eyesight.What kind of sound do the bells make?harmoniously tinkling bells: the sounds from the bells are rhythmic and pleasant to the earE.g.: He has only a few coins tinkling/jingling in his pocket.How do the donkeys move?thread one’s way: to move through a place by carefully going around things that are blocking one’s wayE.g.: The cat threaded its way among the dishes on the shelf.Do you think it is ok to replace "throngs" with "crowds" in this sentence? Why? Please explain the di fferences between throngs of people and crowds of people, and why the writer uses “the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar” instead of “crowds of people”?throngs of people : a stronger implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication of density熙熙攘攘的人群（动态）crowds of people: emphasize its density拥挤的人群(静态)5. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.Stall: small, open-fronted shop used by a trader in a market, on a street货摊E.g.: a book-stall; a flower-stallgoods of every conceivable kind: goods of every kind you can think ofe.g. people of every conceivable age, nationality; buildings of every conceivable 6. The din of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.What sources does the din come from? Illustrate the sentence p attern “the din of …”parallelism :stall-holders crying their waresdonkey-boys and porters clearing a way Din: specific word of noise ; loud, confused noise that continues 喧嚣E.g.: The children were making so much din that I could not make myself heard.Explain the differences between “din” and “noise”.din : specific; noise: generalDin: confused ( the mixture of crying their wares, clearing a way, arguing and bargaining) noise: unpleasant sound.would-be purchasers arguing and bargainingwares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop. The word gives the impression of traditional commodity, items, goods, more likely to be sold in free-markets.Ware (usually used in combination) articles of the same kind or material; 制品，器具，货物E.g.: silverware, bronze ware, kitchenware, software, hardwarewould-be :likely, intended to bee.g.: a would-be musician / football playerdizzy: feeling as if everything were turning round , mentally confusede.g.: If you suffer from anemia, you often feel dizzy.The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.How do you paraphrase this sentence “The din ... and makes you dizzy: ”?The loud, confused noise of …continues without interruption and makes you feel mentally confused.What’s your genera l impression of the entrance of Middle Eastern bazaar? From what perspectives does the writer describe?General impression: ancient (take you back hundreds of years, aged brick and stone. )The writer describes the entrance from the perspectives of sight, feeling, and sound.Sight: glare, dark, as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.Feeling: heat, coolSound: tinkling, din, crying their wares, shouting vigorously, arguing and bargainingSummaryThe writer describes the bazaar with sound from the animal and human-being at the very beginning, so as to present a lively and busy atmosphere.Introduction: A description of the entrance to the bazaara. The Gothic gatewayb. Contrast between the heat and glare in the open square and the coolness and dimness in the interior of the bazaarc. Another contrast between the pleasing sound of the tinkling of donkey bells and the confusing dind. The little stalls encroaching on the street, making the roadway narrower and narrower. Section 2 (Para 2)Questions(1) What was your general impression of the cloth-market? How does the writer achieve this? General impression: quietThe writer describes the cloth-market as a quiet place, mainly from the perspective of sound.e.g. the noise fades away, muted, deadens the sound, hardly any sounds to echo, measured tones. Paragraph 1 and 2 show a sharp contrast of sound.The entrance is with a continuous mixture of sounds, while the cloth-market is comparatively much quiet.Why is the cloth—market muted?The earthen floor deadens the sound of the footsteps; the shopkeepers speak in low, measured tones and the buyers follow suit.(3) The earthen floor . . . any sounds to echo: (translate into Chinese)这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。