2015年6月大学英语四级真题(第三套)

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2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题第三套

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题第三套全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The June 2015 College English Test (CET) Band 4 exam was held on June 13th, 2015. This exam is widely recognized as a challenging test of English proficiency for non-native English speakers in China. The third set of the exam featured a variety of question types, including reading comprehension, cloze test, vocabulary, and writing.The reading comprehension section consisted of multiple passages on topics ranging from environmental issues to technology and cultural differences. These passages required test takers to demonstrate their ability to understand complex written English and answer questions about the main ideas, supporting details, and author’s tone.The cloze test portion of the exam presented a passage with several gaps, which test takers needed to fill in with appropriate words. This section tested students’ knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, as well as their ability to use context clues to determine the correct word for each blank.The vocabulary section tested students’ knowled ge of synonyms, antonyms, and idiomatic expressions. Test takers were required to choose the word or phrase that best fit the context of each sentence.The writing section of the exam asked students to write an essay on a given topic. Test takers were expected to present their opinions clearly and support them with relevant examples and arguments. This section tested students’ ability to organize their thoughts, write coherently, and use appropriate language and grammar.Overall, the June 2015 CET Band 4 exam was a comprehensive test of English proficiency that challenged students’ reading, writing, and vocabulary skills. It served as an important evaluation of students’ English language abilities and provided valuable feedback for both students and educators.篇22015年6月大学英语四级考试真题第三套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on the Sharing Economy. Youshould write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 当前共享经济的兴起2. 共享经济给我们带来了哪些好处3. 我对共享经济的看法My View on the Sharing EconomyIn recent years, the sharing economy has gained increasing popularity and has revolutionized the way we live and do business. The sharing economy, also known as collaborative consumption, refers to the sharing of goods, services, and resources among individuals through online platforms. This trend has brought about a number of benefits to both consumers and the environment.First and foremost, the sharing economy promotes efficiency and sustainability. By sharing resources such as cars, bikes, and accommodation, individuals can reduce waste and lower their carbon footprint. This not only benefits the environment but also saves money for consumers. Furthermore, the sharing economy provides opportunities for individuals to earn extra income by renting out their underutilized assets, such as spare rooms or idle vehicles.Personally, I believe that the sharing economy is a positive development that fosters community and collaboration. It encourages trust and reciprocity among strangers, creating a sense of belonging and connection in an increasingly individualistic society. Additionally, the sharing economy promotes a more equitable distribution of resources and addresses issues of income inequality.In conclusion, the sharing economy represents a shift towards a more sustainable and inclusive economic model. While there are challenges and concerns associated with this trend, such as regulatory issues and potential exploitation, I am hopeful that with proper oversight and safeguards, the sharing economy has the potential to create a more just and environmentally conscious society.篇32015年6月大学英语四级考试真题第三套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Should College Students Hold a Part-time Job?Nowadays, more and more college students choose to hold a part-time job during their college years. Some people believe that holding a part-time job not only enables students to earnsome extra money, but also helps to cultivate their work experience and character. However, others argue that college students should focus on their studies and should not be distracted by part-time jobs. In my opinion, college students should hold a part-time job for the following reasons.To begin with, holding a part-time job can help students gain work experience and cultivate various skills that are necessary for their future career. By working in a real-world setting, students can learn how to communicate effectively, solve problems, and work with others as a team. These practical skills are often not taught in the classroom, and can greatly benefit students in their future endeavors.Furthermore, holding a part-time job can help students become more independent and responsible. When students have to balance their work schedule with their schoolwork, they learn time management skills and become more organized. They also learn the value of hard work and the importance of being punctual and reliable, qualities that are highly valued in the workplace.In addition, holding a part-time job can help students develop a strong work ethic and a sense of responsibility towards their obligations. When students are held accountablefor their performance at work, they learn to take their responsibilities seriously and strive to do their best. This sense of responsibility can also extend to their academic studies, as students understand that they need to fulfill their obligations in all aspects of their life.In conclusion, I believe that college students should hold a part-time job during their college years. By working part-time, students can gain valuable work experience, cultivate essential skills, become more independent and responsible, and develop a strong work ethic. These benefits can greatly enhance students' personal and professional growth, and prepare them for a successful future career.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on answer sheets. For questions 1-7, choose the correct answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Cate Blanchett: The Best Actress in Hollywood?Whether or not Cate Blanchett is the greatest actress of her generation is up for debate. What is not up for debate is that in 2014 she received her second Academy Award for Best Actress, the first was for The Aviator in 2004, for her lead role in the Woody Allen film "Blue Jasmine". To top it off, she was also named the Most Stylish Actress in Hollywood by People magazine because she wore such fashion brands as "Armani" and "Givenchy". Yet, she still retains her status as an indie actress by maintaining a low profile between films.Blanchett however, doesn't consider her image as being that of a chic (时髦) movie star. She calls herself "a character actress at heart. I'll go wherever the challenge is --I'm mt interested in being a movie star." She is embodied by a deep and wide range of roles throughout her career. She played the Queen o Elizabeth I twice in "Elizabeth" and "Elizabeth:The Golden Age" and costarred in the Lord of the Rings trilogy (三部影片的集成体), an adaptation of the Tolkien book. She also played Queen Elizabeth V, the Virgin Queen, in "The Golden Age" (2007).Her interpretations of classic ch abe acures from literature have also made her stand out. In 2012, she performed the role of Blanche DuBois in the Sydney Theatre Company's production of Tennessee Williams' "A Streetcar Named Desire". She gainedparticular acclaim for that role; a critic for the Sydney Morning Herald called it "the role of her life", while another critic said she surpassed even Vivien Leigh in the role, adding, "This is Blanche as you've never seen her before.Blanchett's interview style can be confrontational and aggressive, always involving a dash of the Australian sense of humor. She is known for more than being an actress; she is a wife and a mother; before each of her Oscar-winning performances she gave birth, and now dicbes Rabelais' "Gargantuan feast with her children. She is also known for her work with the environment and was on the Board for the Australian Conservation Foundation, which would suggest that she has a long future of Oscars and environmental awards to come.Blanchett is a shining jewel among actresses and stars -- she is arguably the best in industry today. She just won the BAFTA Award for her role in "Blue Jasmine" and is predicted to win a handful of awards within the next month. So, is Cate Blanchett the best actress in the world? Perhaps. However, we can all agree that she is a supernova among stars.1. In 2014, Cate Blanchett won her second Academy Award for Best Actress for her lead role in __________.A) The AviatorB) Blue JasmineC) ElizabethD) The Golden AgeAnswer: B) Blue Jasmine2. In the film Blue Jasmine, Blanchett portrays a __________.A) queenB) character actressC) movie starD) fashion brandAnswer: B) character actress3. Cate Blanchett played Queen Elizabeth I in the film__________.A)The AviatorB) ElizabethC) Elizabeth: The Golden AgeD) Blue JasmineAnswer: C) Elizabeth: The Golden Age4. In 2012, Cate Blanchett performed the role of Blanche DuBois in a production of __________.A) The AviatorB) A Streetcar Named DesireC) Blue JasmineD) The Golden AgeAnswer: B) A Streetcar Named Desire5. Critics have praised Cate Blanchett's performance in "A Streetcar Named Desire" as __________.A) not up to parB) a role requiring further improvementC) the role of her lifeD) better than Vivien Leigh's versionAnswer: C) the role of her life6. Before giving her Oscar-winning performances, Blanchett __________.A) appeared in the Sydney Morning HeraldB) gave birth to her childrenC) appeared as a character actressD) appears in moviesAnswer: B) gave birth to her children7. In addition to acting, Cate Blanchett is also known for her work __________.A) as a modelB) with the environmentC) in the fashion industryD) as a wife and motherAnswer: B) with the environment8. Cate Blanchett is known for maintaining a low profile between films, thus retaining her status as __________.Answer: an indie actress9. Cate Blanchett has played Queen Elizabeth I multiple times, including in the film____________.Answer: Elizabeth: The Golden Age10. Critics have praised Cate Blanchett's performance as Blanche DuBois, calling it____________.Answer: the role of her lifePart III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A (15 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. Speaker A) How does the man respond?A) He is unsure.B) He has already visited the museum.C) He has not yet visited the museum.D) He is planning to visit the museum soon.12. Speaker A) What does the woman ask the man to do?A) to close the doorB) to take the groceries from the carC) to feed the babyD) to open the window13. Speaker A) How does the man respond when asked for help?A) He is willing to help.B) He cannot help.C) He is too busy to help.D) He needs more information on how to help.14. Speaker A) What is the woman doing?A) She is reading a book.B) She is writing a letter.C) She is making a phone call.D) She is watching TV.15. Speaker A) What does the man ask?A) For directions to the train stationB) For a way to get to the nearest restaurantC) For the best way to the stationD) For directions to a bus stopSection B (20 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One16. What time does the library close on Tuesdays?A) at 7:30 pmB) at 5:00 pmC) at 8:00 pmD) at 10:00 pm17. Where is the library located?A) on Maple StreetB) on Third AvenueC) on Elm AvenueD) on Fifth Street18. Why can't the speaker help the listener with the grade he is seeking?A) The man's grade is too low.B) The speaker doesn't know the grade.C) The man is a new student.D) The speaker cannot access the grade book.Passage Two19. What does the woman suggest the man do?A) Go to the birthday party.B) Talk to the professor.C) Study over the weekend.D) Find a study group.20. Why can't the man hear well?A) He is busy with work.B) He is overwhelmed with schoolwork.C) He has a bad cold.D) He has a dental issue.21. What is the main purpose of the birthday celebration?A) To commemorate the man's achievements.B) To celebrate the beginning of the school year.C) To recognize the woman's achievements.D) To enjoy a day off.Passage Three22. What is the man concerned about?A) The poor quality of the breakfast.B) The high cost of the breakfast.C) The cold temperature of the breakfast.D) The small portion size of the breakfast.23. What does the man plan to do after breakfast?A) Go for a run.B) Take a nap.C) Go to the gym.D) Work at home.24. How does the man refer to the breakfast overall?A) Unpleasant.B) Impressive.C) Mediocre.D) Satisfactory.Section C (10 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Conversation One25. Why is Mark so tired?A) He has not slept well lately.B) He has been working long hours.C) He has a medical condition.D) He has been exercising too much.26. What type of exercise does Mark do?A) Running on a treadmill.B) Lifting weights.C) Swimming laps.D) Riding a bike.27. How does Joe feel about exercise?A) He doesn't like to exercise.B) He loves to exercise.C) He finds it rewarding.D) He only exercises occasionally.28. What does Joe suggest Mark do after work?A) Watch TV.B) Take a nap.C) Go swimming.D) Have a meal.Conversation Two29. What has just happened at the table?A) A drink has been spilled.B) Someone has fallen.C) Food has been dropped.D) A plate has broken.30. Who finally volunteers to help clean up?A) The waiter.B) The woman.C) The man.D) The busboy.31. What will likely happen to the bill?A) It will be reduced.B) It will be increased.C) It will be paid by the man.D) It will be ignored.32. What food has been ordered?A) Pasta.B) Pizza.C) Salad.D) Soup.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A (10 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is one passage with 5 statements. After reading the passage, you should match each statement with the paragraphs from the passage. Mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.A. Green exercising is a term that specifically refers to activities and exercise in natural environments. Recent studies show that it helps reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall mental well-being.B. The concept of green exercising is based on the belief that exercises done in natural surroundings have additional health benefits beyond those of traditional exercise. Green exercise includes activities such as hiking, running, and cycling in parks.C. The idea of green exercising is based on the benefits of spending time outdoors and breathing fresh air. It is believedthat being in nature positively affects mental well-being and physical health.D. Doctors and psychologists increasingly recommend green exercising as a way to treat and prevent conditions such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Spending time in nature is considered beneficial to both mental and physical health.E. Green exercisers have reported that they feel more energized, happier, and less anxious after their outdoor activities. This is consistent with the idea that spending time in natural environments has a positive effect on mental well-being.33. Studies have shown that green exercising can reduce stress, enhance mood, and improve overall mental well-being.34. Doctors and psychologists view green exercising as a valuable way to prevent and treat anxiety, depression, and stress.35. According to research, the benefits of green exercising go beyond traditional exercise activities.36. Green exercisers have reported feeling happier, more energized, and less anxious after their outdoor activities.37. Spending time in nature is believed to positively impact both mental well-being and physical health.Section B (10 minutes)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Music and EmotionA. While music has been an important part of human culture for thousands of years, its exact function remains unknown. Is music simply a form of entertainment, or does it serve a deeper purpose in the human experience? Recent research indicates that music can profoundly influence human emotions and behavior.B. One key finding of recent research is that music has the ability to evoke strong emotions in listeners. Certain pieces of music can make people feel happy, sad, or anxious, depending on their emotional state and the context in which the music is heard.C. It is well known that people often turn to music in times of emotional distress or celebration. Songs can serve as a form of therapy, helping individuals to process their emotions and find comfort in difficult times. In this way, music plays a vital role in emotional regulation.D. Music has also been shown to impact human behavior. Studies have found that background music in stores can influence shoppers' purchasing decisions, while music in gyms can motivate people to exercise. In addition, music is commonly used in advertising to create a certain mood and enhance the appeal of products.E. The potential of music to influence human emotion and behavior has caught the attention of researchers in various fields. Understanding how music affects the brain and emotions may lead to new therapies for conditions such as anxiety, depression, and chronic pain.38. Recent research has shown that music can have a profound impact on human emotions and behavior.39. Music is commonly used as a form of therapy to help individuals cope with emotional distress.40. Background music in stores and gyms has been found to influence shoppers' purchasing decisions and motivate people to exercise.41. Researchers from different fields are interested in studying how music affects the brain and emotions.42. Studies have found that certain pieces of music can evoke strong emotions in listeners, such as happiness, sadness, or anxiety.Section C (5 minutes)Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneIf you want to succeed in business, networking is a key skill to develop. Networking involves building and maintaining relationships with others in your industry, as well as potential clients and customers. By expanding your network, you can gainvaluable connections, insights, and opportunities that can help you grow your business.43. What is the main purpose of networking in business?A) To increase sales revenue.B) To build and maintain relationships.C) To gain insights into competitors.D) To expand product lines.44. How can networking benefit a business?A) by increasing competitionB) by reducing expensesC) by creating valuable connections and opportunitiesD) by eliminating the need for advertisingPassage TwoAs the world becomes increasingly digital, cybersecurity has become a top priority for businesses of all sizes. Cyber attacks can pose a serious threat to a company's data, financial security, and reputation. To protect against cyber threats, businesses must invest in robust cybersecurity measures and ensure that their employees are trained in best practices for online security.45. What is a major concern for businesses in the digital age?A) competitionB) reputation managementC) online advertisingD) employee productivity46. What can cyber attacks threaten for a company?A) employee moraleB) financial securityC) product developmentD) customer serviceAnswers:Part I Writing (sample answer):Nowadays, holding a part-time job during college can be a beneficial experience for students. Not only does it provide students with the opportunity to earn extra money, but it also allows them to gain valuable work experience and develop important life skills. In my opinion, college students should consider holding a part-time job for the following reasons.Firstly, holding a part-time job can help students develop essential skills that are necessary for their future careers. By working in a real-world setting, students can learn how to communicate effectively, solve problems, and work as part of a team. These practical skills are often not taught in the classroom and can greatly benefit students in their future endeavors.Additionally, holding a part-time job can help students become。

最全的2015年6月英语四级(三套)真题及答案分析

2015年6月英语四级真题答案完整版(试卷一)作文真题听力真题Short conversations1.W: I’m going to give up playing chess. I lost again today.M: Just because you lost? Is that any reason to quit?Q: What does the man imply?2.M: Do you know Sally’s new address? She’s got some mail here, and I’d like to forward it to her.W: Well, we’ve not been in touch for quite a while. Let’s see. Mary should know it.Q: What does the woman mean?3.W: I missed classes this morning. Could you please lend me your notes?M: My notes? You’ve never see my handwriting, have you?Q: What does the man imply?4.M: I’m taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.W: I went there last weekend, I found it rather disappointing.Q: What does the woman mean?5.W: Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots.M: I’ve been waiting for this for months.Q: What does the man mean?6.W: Thank you for bringing the books back.M: I thought you need them over the weekend. Many thanks for letting me use them.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7.W: Are you working flexible hours?M: No, I’m not. The weather today is so nice, so I decided to walk to work, and that meant I had to leave an hour earlier than usual.Q: What did the man decided to do?8.W: Our plane has been circling for a long time. Why the delay?M: The airport is closed for a while this morning, and things are still not back to normal.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversation长对话一Woman: Morning, this is TGC!Man: Good morning, Walter Barry here, calling from London. Could I speak to Mr. Grand, please?Woman: Who’s calling, please?Man: Walter Barry, from London.Woman: What is it about, please?Man: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant. My own company LCP, Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing. I’d like to speak to Mr. Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC to protect itself from such problems and save money at the same time.Woman: Yes, I see. Well, Mr. Grand is not available just now.Man: Can you tell me when I could reach him?Woman: He’s very busy for the next few days. Then he’ll be away in New York. So it’s difficult to give you a time.Man: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?Woman: Who, in particular?Man: A colleague, for example?Woman: You are speaking to his personal assistance. I can deal with calls for Mr. Grand.Man: Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?Woman: No, I’m sorry, he won’t be free tomorrow. Listen, let me suggest something. You send us details of your products and services, together with references from other companies. And then we’ll contact you.Man: Yes, that’s very kind of you. I have your address.Woman: Very good, Mr…?Man: Barry. Walter Barry, from LCP in London.Woman: Right, Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you.Man: Thank you, goodbye.Woman: Bye.9. What do we learn about the woman’s company?10. What do we learn about the man?11. What’s the woman’s position in her company?12. What does the woman suggest the man do?Long conversation长对话二Man: Miss Yamada, did you ever think that you would find yourself living and working in the western world?Woman: No, not really, although I’ve always listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe.Man: So you enjoyed classical music even when you were very young?Woman: Oh, yes. I was an only child.Man: You were born in 1955, is that right?Woman: Yes, I began violin lessons at school when I was 6.Man: As young as that, did you like it?Woman: Oh, yes, very much.Man: When did you first play on your own? I mean, when did you give your first performance?Woman: I think I was 8…? No, Nine. I just had my birthday a week before, and my father had bought me a new violin. I played a small piece at the school concert.Man: Did you know then that you would become a professional violinist?Woman: Yes, I think so. I enjoy playing the violin very much, and I didn’t mind practicing, sometimes three or four hours a day.Man: And when did you first come to Europe?Woman: I was very lucky. When I was fifteen, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris. That was for a three-year course.Man: How did your parents feel about that?Woman: I think they were pleased and worried at the same time. It was the chance of a lifetime. But of course I would be thousands of miles from home. Anyway, I studied in Paris for three years and then went back to Tokyo.13. What do we know about the woman before she went to Europe?14. What does the woman say about her music experience?15. What does the woman say about her study in Paris?Spot DictationLooking at the basic biology systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is prospering. Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the decade. The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators show the opposite of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resources uses that sustain progress and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). In simple terms, this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped establish a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output. For some time, this seemed to work reasonably well, but serious weakness are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not take into account the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a misleading sense of national economic health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forest actually do better than those that preserve their forest. The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for using up the forests.Passage OneWhat makes a person famous? This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about. All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people.Most people are familiar with the works of William Shakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Yet how many know Shakespeare the person, the man behind the works?After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history. It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works. An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to. Nowadays, writers have copyrights that protect their work.Many myths arose about Shakespeare. Some said he had no formal education. Others believe that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men. All of these myths are interesting, but are they true? Probably not. Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-on-Avon, a member of the town council. He sent young William to grammar school. Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school; so, Shakespeare did have, at least, an average education.Some parts of Shakespeare's life will always remain unknown. The Great London Fire of l666 burned many important documents that could have been a source of clues. We will always be left with many questions and few facts.Question16 What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?Question 17 What do we learn about Shakespeare's father?Question 18 Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare's life will remain a mystery? Passage TwoWherever you go and for whatever reason, it's important to be safe. While the majority of people you will meet when travelling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers-theft being the most common.Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful. It's important to prepare for your trip in advance and to take precautions while you are travelling. As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork. You don't want to get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport isn't valid any more. Also, make sure you travel with proper medical insurance, so that if you are sick or injured during your travels, you will be able to get treatment. If you want to drive while you are abroad, make sure you have an international driver's license.When you get to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If there is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while travelling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. Finally, remember to smile. It's the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world!Question 19 What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad?Question 20 What is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad?Question 21 What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination? Passage 3The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humour has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost. When Ratner took over his father's chain of 130 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver ornaments. By 1991, Ratner's company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a big meeting of top British businesspeople, he suited up and explained the secret of his success. People say "How can we sell our goods for such a low price?" I say "Because they are absolute rubbish." His audience roared with laughter. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratner's shops. Sales fell and 6 months after his speech, Ratner's share price had fallen by 42%. The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992, he lost his company, his career and his house. Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke.Question 22 What did Gerald Ratner decide to do when he took over his father's shops?Question 23 On what occasion did Gerald Ratner explained the secret of his success?Question 24 How did people feel when they leaned of Gerald Ratner's remarks?Question 25 What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest?翻译真题在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。

2015年英语四级6月真题第三套作文

2015年英语四级6月真题第三套作文The Importance of Building Trust Trust is the bedrock of any successful relationship, whether it's between individuals, communities, or even nations. It fosters collaboration, facilitates communication, and ultimately allows us to thrive in a complex and interconnected world. The absence of trust, on the other hand, can be crippling, breeding suspicion, hindering progress, and ultimately leading to fragmentation and conflict. Interpersonal trust is essential for building strong relationships. When we trust our friends, family, and colleagues, we feel safe and supported, allowing us to be vulnerable, share our thoughts and feelings, and work together towards common goals. This foundation of trust empowers us to be more open and honest, leading to more fulfilling and meaningful connections. It also enhances our emotional well-being, reducing anxiety and promoting a sense of belonging. Trust is equally vital in the workplace. When employees trust their leaders and each other, they are more likely to be engaged and productive. A culture of trust encourages open communication, collaboration, and innovation. Employees feel valued and respected, leading to higher job satisfaction and reduced turnover. Moreover, trust is essential for building a strong brand reputation. Customers are more likely to do business with companies they trust, knowing their needs will be met with integrity and transparency. In a broader societal context, trust is fundamental for fostering social cohesion and promoting civic engagement. When citizens trust their government and institutions, they are more likely to participate in democratic processes, cooperate with law enforcement, and contribute to the well-being of their communities. Trust enables collective action, allowing individuals to work together to address shared challenges and build a more just and equitable society. However, building trust in social institutions is an ongoing challenge, requiring transparency, accountability, and a genuine commitment to serving the public good. The digital age, while presenting new opportunities for connection and collaboration, also presents challenges to building and maintaining trust. The proliferation of misinformation, online fraud, and data breaches can erode trust in online platforms and institutions. It is imperative that we develop strategies tomitigate these risks, promoting digital literacy, strengthening cybersecurity, andestablishing clear ethical guidelines for online interactions. In conclusion, trust is a fundamental pillar of a healthy and thriving society. It is essential for building strong relationships, fostering collaboration, and promoting a sense of shared purpose. While cultivating trust requires ongoing effort and commitment, the benefits are undeniable. By prioritizing transparency, integrity, and mutual respect, we can create a world where trust flourishes, paving the way for a brighter and more prosperous future.。

2015年6月大学英语四级作文解析及范文(共3套)

2015年6月大学英语四级作文解析及范文（共3套）（第一套）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.命题解析本题要求首先简要描述图画，然后评论这种现代生活。

图画显示：现代人无论工作、居家、娱乐还是睡眠，都与电脑密不可分。

显而易见，本题主旨为电脑或网络对现代生活的影响。

国内写作考试中已经反复考察电脑或网络这一热点话题。

2002年6月四级写作考察“大学生使用电脑情况”，2009年考研写作考察“网络的‘近’与‘远’”，2012年6月六级写作考察“网络对人际共同的影响”，2013年12月四级写作考察“网络对人们沟通方式的影响”。

2015年6月，四级写作再次考察电脑或网络这一话题。

如果考生研究过之前的写作真题，诸多表达均可使用。

写作思路1、本题首段应简要描述图画，指出人们无论工作、家庭、休闲或休息，都与电脑关系密切。

2、次段最好进行正反论证，说明电脑有利有弊：一方面可以满足工作生活的需要并娱乐自我，另一方面过度沉迷也会浪费大量的时间和精力。

3、第三段最好提出建议措施：我们应该扬长避短，在合理使用电脑的同时，避免过度沉迷。

参考范文：As is symbolically illustrate in the cartoon, a person is always staying in front of a computer no matter whether he or she is working, studying or playing. Even when he is sleeping, the image of surfing on line is also indispensable in his sweet dreams.The metaphorical and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and computer. On the one hand, there is no denying that the computer is currently one of the most efficient tools either to entertain oneself or to meet the work's needs. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to computers to maintain face-to-face contact with their friends and colleagues. Once indulged in the fictitious world, people feel reluctant to approach others and to concentrate on real life.Hence, it is necessary for us to use computers in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. After all, the computer is invented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach.如图所示，一个人无论工作、在家或娱乐，总是坐在一台电脑前面。

2015年6月英语四级答案完整版

2015年6月英语四级答案完整版一、听力（35题，35分）Short Conversations 1. A. The woman should go on playing chess. 2. D. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address. 3. B. His notes are not easy to read. 4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant. 5 .C. He has been looking forward to spring. 6. B. The man appreciates the woman’s help. 7. B. Go to work on foot. 8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation. Conversion one 9. C. It has a chemical processing plant. 10. D. He’s a salesman. 11.C. Mr. Grand’s personal assistance. 12. B. Provide details of their products and services. Conversion two 13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. 14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small child. 15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime. Passage One 16. B) His personal history is little known. 17. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. Passage Two 19. A) Theft. 20. B) Have the right documents. 21. B) Use official transport. Passage 3 22. C) Sell inexpensive products. 23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople. 24. D) Insulted. 25. B) There should be a limit to one's sense of humour 填空: 26. prospering 27. decade 28. opposite 29. sustain 30. In simple terms 31. establish 32. reasonably 33. take into account 34. misleading 35. using up 分）二、选词填空（10题，5分）第一套选词填空：第一套选词填空：36 announcing 37 entitled 38 critically 39 potential 40commitment 41develop 42enhance 43retain 44component 45challenges 第二套选词填空：第二套选词填空：36 assets 37 excellent 38 origin 39 up-to-date 40 attend 41 guidelines 42 aware 43 involved 44 especially 45 volunteering 三、匹配和阅读(各1分，共10分) 第一套段落信息匹配：第一套段落信息匹配：文章是：essay-grading software offers professors a break. 46-55 FBMCE QGPJD 四、仔细阅读(（各2分，共20分) 第一套仔细阅读：第一套仔细阅读：56. B) It will protect them from sunburn 57. A) It is ineffective in preventing melanomas 58. 58. D) D) D) Daily Daily Daily application application application of of of sunscreen sunscreen sunscreen helps helps helps reduce reduce reduce the the the incidence incidence incidence of of melanomas 59. C) It is not based on direct observation of the subjects 60. A) A Using both covering up and sunscreen. 61. B) Well-educated people tend to work longer. 62. B) A rapid technological advance. 63. A) Economic growth will slow down. 64. 64. C) C) C) Even Even Even wealthy wealthy wealthy people people people must must must work work work longer longer longer to to to live live live comfortably comfortably comfortably in in retirement. 65. D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 第二套仔细阅读：第二套仔细阅读：61. A ）More men taking an extended parental leave. 62. C) Their number is too small to make a difference. 63. A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career. 64. C) Surprise 第三套仔细阅读第三套仔细阅读61. C) The decline of the grain yield growth. 62. 62. A) A) A) Their Their Their self-sufficiency self-sufficiency is is vital vital vital to to to the the the stability stability stability of of of world world world food food markets. 63. D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains. 64. D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. 65. B) It is based on a doubtful assumption. 五、翻译（整体给分，共15分）分）第一套第一套中国是世界上最古老的文明之一.构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国.中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济,并正经历着一次新的工业革命中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划,其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站. 目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Direction.s: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on parents' role in their children's growth. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Part IIListening Comprehension ( 30 minutes ) 听力音频地址：/doc/15400ba7cf84b9d529ea7a40.ht ml /attached/media/20151113/20151113114621_5789.mp3 SectionADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C. and D,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre. Now let’s begin with the eight shortconversations.1.W: What are you doing in here, sir? Didn't you see the Private sign over there? M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?1.A. The woman is the manager's secretary.B. The man found himself in a wrong place.C. The man is the manager's business associate.D. The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.2.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known for months the report is due today. M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is harder to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?2.A. He needs more time for the report.B. He needs help to interpret the data.C. He is sorry not to have helped the woman.D. He does not have sufficient data to go on.3.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?3.A. A friend from New York.B. A message from Tony.C. A postal delivery.D. A change in the weather.4.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's word's for anything.Q: What does the man imply about Pam?4. A. She is not available until the end of next week.B. She is not a reliable source of information.C. She does not like taking exams.D. She does not like psychology.5.W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn't leave for another twenty minutes. Q: What does the man mean?5. A. He will help the woman carry the suitcase.B. The woman's watch is twenty minutes fast.C. The woman shouldn't make such a big fuss.D. There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.6.M: Frankly, Mary is not what I call easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister. Q: What does the woman imply?6.A. Mary is not so easygoing as her.B. Mary and she have a lot in conmon.C. She finds it hard to get along with Mary.D. She does not believe what her neighborssaid.7.M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?7.A. At an information service.B. At a car wash point.C. At a repair shop.D. At a dry cleaner's.8.W: I really enjoy that piece you just played on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. A. The woman came to the concert at the man's request.B. The man is already fed up with playing the piano.C. The piece of music the man played is very popular.D. The man's unique talents are the envy of many people.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Now you’ll hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneW: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I'll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan.Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I'm getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I'll finish school in a few months, and I'd like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company's work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills andinterests?M: Of course, I'm good at computers and I can speak Spanish.I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like traveling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company.I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I'll be informed about my application for the job.W: Well, we'll let you know as soon as possible. Let's stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.9. What does the man say about his working experience?10. Why does the man want to leave his present job?11. What is the man interested in?12. What question did the man ask the woman?9. A. He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.B. He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C. He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D. He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.10. A. He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B. He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.C. He likes to work in a company close to home.D. He would rather get a less demanding job.11.A. Sports.B. Travel.C. Foreign languages.D. Computer games.12. A. When he is supposed to start work.B. What responsibilities he would have.C. When he will be informed about his application.D. What career opportunities her company can offer.Conversation TwoM: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.M: I'm fine. The city is very hot at this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air.You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.W: What's that Paul?M: They say they look beautiful.W: Well, I had a lot of tension while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.M: Oh?W: Oh, don’t worry, all from a man over 50. Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.W: Paul, tell me about the special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that we're stillin business.W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager,you!M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city.Our little company's in danger. We are out of date. We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.13. What do we learn about Lisa?14. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?15. What does the man say about his company?Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A. She is pregnant.B. She is over 50.C. She has just finished her project.D. She is a good saleswoman.14.A. He takes good care of Lisa.B. He is the CEO of a giant company.C. He is good at business management.D. He works as a sales manager.15. A. It is in urgent need of further development.B. It produces goods popular among local people.C. It has been losing market share in recent years.D. It is well positioned to compete with the giants.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hoar 3 short passages. At tho end of each passage, you will hoar some questions. Both the passage and tho questions will be spoken only once. After youhoar a question, you must choose tho best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C. and D. Then mark tho corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough thocentre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage OneFarmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls 4-H club improved Main Street.Six 4-H girls worked to clean a 72-foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash.Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig and plant five flats of flowers. They also took turns watering, weeding and maintaining the plot.Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their appearance of their own homes;they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits.One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pull a weed.The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and in the total community.City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, picnic tables, swings and public rest rooms.The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project will need more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work.The project is a growing one and has spread from the park to the school and the shopping center.Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.16. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?17. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?18. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?19. Why do the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to completion?16.A. It is lined with tall trees.B. It was widened recently.C. It has high buildings on both sides.D. It used to be dirty and disorderly.17.A. They repaved it with rocks.B. They built public restrooms on it.C. They beautified it with plants.D. They set up cooking facilities near it.18.A. What makes life enjoyable.B. How to work with tools.C. What a community means.D. How to improve health.19. A. They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.B. They were encouraged by the city officials' praise.C. They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.D. They derived happiness from the constructive work.Passage TwoAccording to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association,young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18-year-olds interviewed said they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing.About 68% of those surveyed disagree with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.Over half the teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also showed that middle school students read more books than high schoolers.Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories.Only 26% were interested in non-fiction, such as history books.64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age as their favorite topic.Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%.Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture and tradition.Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their books.However, many complain that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines.Even though many teenagers in the U.S. enjoy reading, they still have other interests.When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music.TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.20. What does the survey on teenager reading show?21. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?22. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week? Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A. The majority of them think it less important than computers:B. Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.C. The majority of them find it interesting.D. Few of them read more than ten books a year.21.A. Novels and stories.B. Mysteries and detective stories.C. History and science books.D. Books on culture and tradition.22.A. Watching TV.B. Listening to music.C. Reading magazines.D. Playing computer games.Passage ThreeThank you for coming, everyone.Today's presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Let's start with power. It's clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas.Some independent thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles.Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range and very few recharging points, which limited their use.Now, however, recent developments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms of performance and safety.Let's not forget that electric vehicles are cleaner.Plus, importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources.Moving on to communications, very soon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so they'll do all the driving for you.What controls remain for the users will be audio-based, so, for example, you'll just have to say a bit warmer, and the air conditioning will adjust automatically. You'll also be able to receive e-mail, music and movies, all via an internet link. So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch a movie, whatever.23. What is the presentation mainly about?24. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?25. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A. Advice on the purchase of cars.B. Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.C. Trends for the development of the motor car.D. Solutions to global fuel shortage.24.A. Limited driving range.B. Huge recharging expenses.C. The short life of batteries.D. The unaffordable high price.25. A. They need to be further improved.B. They can easily switch to natural gas.C. They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.D. They can match conventional motor cars in performanceand safety.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When tho passage is read for tho first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for tho second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with tho exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for tho third time, you should chock what you have written.Now listen to the passage.My favorite T.V. show? The Twilight Zone. I especially like the episode called The Printer's Devil.It's about a newspaper editor who's being driven out of business by a big newspaper syndicate you know, a group of papers owned by the same people.He is about to commit suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith.The editor is not only offered $5,000 to pay off his newspapers debts, but this Smith character also offers his services for free.It turns out that the guy operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he is turning out newspapers with shocking headlines.The small paper is successful again.The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories only minutes after they happen, but soon he's presented with a contract to sign.Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil!The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign.But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens, and its all terrible, one disaster after another.Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don't want to ruin the story for you.I really like these old episodes of The Twilight Zone because the stories are fascinating.They are not realistic. But then again, in a way they are, because they deal with human nature.My favorite TV. show? "The Twilight Zone. " I26like the episode called "The Printer'sDevil. " It's about a newspaper editor who's being27 out of business by a big newspapersyndicate--you know, a group of papers28by the same people.He's about to29when he's interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered $ 5,000 to pay off his newspaper's30, but this Smith character also offers hisservices for free. It turns out that the guy operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he's turning out newspapers with31 The small paper is successful again. The editor is32athow quickly Smith gets his stories--only minutes after they happen--but soon he's presented with acontract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is33the news even before it happens--and it's all terrible--one disaster after another. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don't want to34the story for you. I really like these old episodes of "The Twilight Zone" because the stories are fascinating. They are not realistic. But then again, in a way they are, because they deal with35Part ill Reading Comprehension(40 minutes}Section ADirections: In this sectinm, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. As a teacher, you could bring the community into your classroom in many ways. The parents and grandparents of your students are resources and36for their children. They can be37teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about their country of38and why they emigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk about their jobs or a community project. Parents, of course, are not the only community resources.Employees at local businesses and staff at community agencies have39information to share in classrooms. Field trips provide another opportunity to know the community. Many students don't have the opporttmity to40concerts or visit museums or historical sites except through field trips. A school district should have41for selecting and conducting field trips. Families must be made42of field trips and give permission for their children to participate. Through school projects, students can learn to be43in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to assisting elderly people. Students,44older ones, might conduct research on a community need that could lead to action by a city council or state government. Some schools require students to provide community service by45in a nursing home, child care center orgovernment agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility to the largercommunity.A. Assets I. joiningB. Attend J. naturallyC. Aware K. observeD. especially L. originE. Excellent M. recruitedF. Expensive N. up-to-dateG. guidelines O. volunteeringH. involvedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reaping the Rewards of Risk-TakingA. Since Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple, much has been said about him as a peerless business leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming entire industries, like music and mobile communications.B. All true, but let's think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan of years back. Let's look at Mr. Jobs as a role model.C. Above all, he is an innovator (创新者). His creative force is seen in products such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and in newbusiness models for pricing and distributing music and mobile software online. Studies of innovation come to the same conclusion: you can't engineer innovation, but you can increase the odds of it occurring. And Mr. Jobs' career can be viewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led. Mr. Jobs, of course, has enjoyed singular success. But innovation, broadly defined, is the crucial ingredient in all economic progress--higher growth for nations, more competitive products for companies, and more prosperous careem for individuals. And Mr. Jobs, many experts say, exemplifies what works in the innovation game.D. "We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is," says John Kao, an innovation consultant to corporations and governments. Many other nations, Mr. John Kao notes, axe now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation. These include government financing for scientific research, national policies to support emerging industries, educational achievement, engineers and scientists graduated, even the speeds of Internet broadband service.E. Yet what other nations typically lack, Mr. Kao adds, is a social environment that encourages diversity, experimentation, risk-taking, and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls "recombinant mash-ups (打碎重组)," like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category. "The culture of other countries doesn't support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobs exemplifies, as America does," Mr. John Kao says.F. Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vital to tturiving in the modern economy. Formal education matters, careercounselors say, but real- life experience is often even more valuable.G. An adopted child, growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed those traits early on. He wasfascinated by electronics as a child, building Heathkit do-it-yourself projects, like radios. Mr. Jobs dropped out of Reed College after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenment, before returning to Silicon Valley to found Apple with his friend, Stephen Wozniak, an engineering wizard (奇才). Mr. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, went off and founded two other companies, Next and Pixar, before returning to Apple in 1996 and becoming chiefexecutive in 1997.H. His path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration is not unusual. "It's often people like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrough ideas and insights," says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute of Business Administration.I. Mr. Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, The Innovator's DNA, which is based on an eight-year study of 5,000 entrepreneurs (创业者. and executives worldwide. His two collaborators and co- authors are Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen, a professor at the Harvard Business School, whose 1997 book The Innovator's Dilemma popularized the concept of "disruptive ( 颠覆性的. innovation. "J. The academics identify five traits that are common to the disruptive innovators: questioning, experimenting, observing, associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics echoes the ceaseless curiosity and willingness to take risks notedby other experts. Networking, Mr. Hal Gregersen explains, is less about career-building relationships than a consistent search for new ideas. Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.K. "Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly," Mr. Gregersen says. "It's a habit for them. " Innovative companies, according to the authors, typicallyenjoy higher valuations in thestock market, which they call an "innovation premium (溢价). " It is calculated by estimating the share of a company's value that cannot be accounted for by its current products and cash flow. The innovation premium tries to quantify ( 量化. investors' bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation.L. Apple, by their calculations, had a 37 percent innovation premium during Mr. Jobs' first term withthe company. His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return, Applee's fortunes inmroved gradv at first, and imp)roved markedly starting in 2005, yielding a 52percent innovation premium since then. M. There is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could havereshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple, without theexperience outside the company, especially at Pixar--the computer-animation (动画制作. studiothat created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as "Toy Story" andN. Mr. Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduating class atStanford University in 2005. "It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing thatcould have ever happened to me," he told。

2015年6月英语四级真题及答案(三套全)

目录2015年6月英语四级真题(一) ...................................................................................................................................... - 1 - 答案解析（一）............................................................................................................................................................ - 16 - 快速对答案 ................................................................................................................................................................... - 40 - 2015年6月英语四级真题试卷二............................................................................................................................... - 41 - 快速对答案 ................................................................................................................................................................... - 57 - 答案解析（二）............................................................................................................................................................ - 57 - 2015年6月英语四级真题试卷三............................................................................................................................... - 81 - 快速对答案 ................................................................................................................................................................... - 87 - 答案解析（三）............................................................................................................................................................ - 87 -2015年6月英语四级真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2015年6月四级真题3

Part III Reading ComprehensionSection AQuestion 37 to 46 are based on the following passage.It's our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting(37)_____ can lead to obesity(肥胖症)and other disease, researchers have now quantified just how(38)_____ being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large(39)_____ published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel(40)_____, the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a(41)_____, and the odds of dying prematurely(42)_____ 13% during a seven-year follow-up. All of these(43)_____ are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的)activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially(44)_____ at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to(45)_____ them.Even so, the authors admit that they didn't compare different sedentary activities to(46)_____ whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early death compared with, say, reading.A.climbedB.consumeC.decadeD.determineE.effectiveF.harmfulG.outcomesH.passivelyI.previouslyJ.resumeK.sufferedL.surfingM.termN.terminalsO.twistingSectionBEssay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break[A] Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the "send" button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let your rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.[B] EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks.[C] The new service will bring the education consortium into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade easy answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and hasmany critics.[D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. "There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback," Dr. Agarwal said, "Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback."[E] But skeptics say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critics, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders.[F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulation a petition opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.[G] "Let's face the realities of automatic essay scoring," the group's state ment reads in part, "Computers cannot ‘read.' They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical(伦理的)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others."[H] But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Welleslley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.[I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or grades, to first grade 100 essays or essay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical(数字的)rank.[J] EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment technonogy, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states-Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia-are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some eases the software is used as a "second reader," to check the reliability of the human graders.[K] But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.[L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create "massive open online courses," or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. "It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating(吸引)toward resubmitting the work until they get it right," said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.[M] Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders andhis wife, sponsored two $100000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests. Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software.[N] "One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically," said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. "It's probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time."[O] Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation's contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about about the experiment. In his view, the technology-though imperfect-has a place in educational settings.[P] With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation's best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.[Q] "Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could," Dr. Shermis said. "There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world."47.Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their oppositionto automated essay grading.【答案】Fing software to grade students' essays saves teachers time for other work.【答案】B49.The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.【答案】M50.Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.【答案】C51.Some people don't believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.【答案】E52.Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities.【答案】Q53.Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs.【答案】G54.As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writing.【答案】P55.The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.【答案】J56.Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.【答案】DDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It's no secret that some of the resolutions that many of us vowed to pursue in the new year-eat healthy, lose weight, quit smoking, save more money一have already fallen by the wayside.Many of them are likely the same resolutions that we abandoned last January. And it's a good thing for those who sell health club memberships, quit-smoking programs and other products that help us think we can improve our lives.Many gyms see new memberships double in January, making up for the third of their members who do not renew each year.And many who sign up in January will be no-shows by February."If I try one quick fix and it doesn't work, I may be more likely to try the next quick fix," Lisa Lahey, who coaches executives how to sustain behavior change, told The Times.The Biggest Loser Resort at Fitness Ridge doesn't offer any quick fixes, just a 12-hour schedule full of exercise, a 1 200-calories-a-day diet and a fee of $2000 a week. The resort teaches its clients that "weight management" is a combination of fitness, diet and emotional health."Given my recent weight gain, and the fact that I was turning 50," Jennifer Conlin wrote in The Times,'' I wanted to start a program that would make 2012 the year I finally got in shape.""For years, the advice to the overweight people has been that we simply need to eat less and exercise more," Tara Parker-Pope wrote. "White there is truth to this guidance, it fails to take into account that the human body continues to fight against weight loss long after dieting has stopped. This translates into a sobering（令人清醒的）reality: once we become fat, most of us, despite our best efforts, will probably stay fat."Of course this revelation（揭示）, it proven true by further study, is not good news for the weight-loss industry. But chances are it won't have much impact on the human tendency to resolve to get to the gym more and avoid chocolate cake when the clock strikes midnight on December 31.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答57. What do we learn from the first paragraph about new year resolutions?A) They are hard to sustain. C) They help shed bad habits.B) They test one's strength. D) They promise a good year.58. Who do new year resolutions eventually benefit?A) Society in general. C) Health club members.B) Business executives. D) Health industries.59. What is special about the Biggest Loser Resort's weight management program?A) It gives top priority to emotional health.B) It does not resort to any quick fixes.C) It focuses on one's behavior change.D) It is not cheap but extremely effective.60. What happens when people stop dieting?A) They regain their appetite. C) Their weight bounces back.B) They usually stay in shape. D) Their health is likely to fail61. What do people tend to do about new year resolutions?A) They keep making them year after year.B) They abandon them once progress is made.C) They keep trying until they finally succeed.D) They make them for the sake of making them.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When University of California-Berkeley released a study this month showing alarmingly high teacher turnover (人员流动) rates at Los Angeles charter schools, I wasn't surprised.That's not a slam at local charter schools. It's just that the study echoed something I'd observed many times, starting with my niece.Bright and cheerful, my niece longed to teach high-needs children. She started out in the San Francisco public schools, where she was assigned to the district's toughest elementary school. Fifth-graders threw chairs across the room-and at her. Parents refused to show up for conferences.She wasn't willing to deal with this level of indifference and teacher abuse, so she switched to a highly regarded charter elementary school in the Bay Area where she poured her energy into her job and it showed. Her students' test scores were ashigh as those in a nearby wealthy school district, despite the obstacles these children faced.Yet by her fourth year, my niece was worn out, depleted (耗尽) of the energy it took to work with a classroom of sweet but deeply needy children who pleaded to stay in her classroom when it was time to leave. The principal's offer of a $10000 raise couldn't stop her from giving notice. She went to work at that wealthy school district next door- for less money.Over the years, I've met many impassioned (充满激情的) teachers at charter schools, only to call them the next year and find they've left. The authors of the Berkeley study theorize that the teachers leave because of the extraordinary demands; long hours, intense involvement in students' complicated lives, continual searches for new ways to raise scores. Even the strongest supporters of the reform movement concede that the task of raising achievement among disadvantaged students is hard work.It's unlikely that we can build large-scale school reform on a platform of continual new demands on teachers-more time, more energy, more devotion, more responsibility-even if schools find ways to pay them better. This is the bigger challenge facing schools. We need a more useful answer to the Berkeley study than "Yeah, it's really hard work."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2015年6月四级真题及答案解析(三套全)

2021 年6月四级第一套Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A) He is pleased to sit on the committee. B) He is willing to offer the woman a hand.C) He will tell the woman his decision later.D) He would like to become a club member.2. A) Their planned trip to Vancouver is obviously overpriced.B) They should borrow a guide book instead of buying one.C) The guide books in the library have the latest information.D) The library can help order guide books about Vancouver.3. A) He regrets having taken the history course.B) He finds little interest in the history books.C) He has trouble finishing his reading assignments.D) He has difficulty writing the weekly book report.4. A) The man had better choose another restaurant.B) The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C) The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D) The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5. A) He has been looking forward to spring.B) He has been waiting for the winter sale.C) He will clean the woma n’s boots for spring.D) He will help the woman put things away.6. A) At a tailor’s B) At Bob’s home.C) In a clothes store.D) In a theatre.7. A) His guests favor Tibetan drinks.B) His water is quite extraordinary.C) Mineral water is good for health.D) Plain water will serve the purpose.8. A) Report the result of a discussion.B) Raise some environmental issues.C) Submit an important document. D) Revise an environmental report.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) They pollute the soil used to cover them.B) They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods.C) The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve.D) The gas they emit is extremely poisonous.10. A) Growing population.B) Packaging materials.C) Changed eating habits.D) Lower production cost.11. A) By saving energy. B) By using less aluminum.C) By reducing poisonous wastes.D) By making the most of materials.12.A) We are running out of natural resources soon.B) Only combined efforts can make a difference.C) The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us.D) All of us can actually benefit from recycling.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Miami.B) Vancouver.C) Bellingham.D) Boston.14. A) To get information on one-way tickets to Canada.B) To inquire about the price of “Super Saver〞seats.C) To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible.D) To inquire about the shortest route to drive home.15. A) Join a tourist group.B) Choose a major airline.C) Avoid trips in public holidays.D) Book tickets as early as possible.Section BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) There are mysterious stories behind his works.B) There are many misunderstandings about him.C) His works have no match worldwide.D) His personal history is little known.17. A) He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B) He failed to go beyond grammar school.C) He was a member of the town council.D) He once worked in a well-known acting company.18. A) Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C) His works were adapted beyond recognition.D) People of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It shows you have been ignoring you health.B) It can seriously affect your thinking process.C) It is an early warning of some illness.D) It is a symptom of too much pressure.20. A) Reduce our workload.B) Control our temper.C) Use painkillers for relief.D) Avoid masking symptoms.21. A) Lying down and having some sleep.B) Rubbing and pressing one’s back.C) Going out for a walk.D) Listening to light music.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Depending heavily on loans.B) Having no budget plans at all.C) Spending beyond one’s means.D) Leaving no room for large bills.23. A) Many of them can be cut.B) Alt of them have to be covered.C) Their payment cannot be delayed.D) The eat up most of the family income.24. A) Rent a house instead of buying one.B) Discuss the problem in the family.C) Make a conservation plan.D) Move to a cheaper place.25. A) Financial issues plaguinga family.B) Difficulty in making both ends meet.C) Family budget problems and solutions.D) New ways to boost family income.Section CPerhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream, many people gofor no(26)_____reason. Some go because their parents expect it, others because it’s what their friends are doing.Then, there’s the belief that a college degree will(27)____ensure a good job and high pay.Some students (28)____ through for years ,attending classes, or skipping(逃课) them as the case may be, reading only what can’t be avoided, looking for less(29)_____courses,and never being touched or changed in any important way. For a few of these people, college provides no(30)____, yet because of parental or peer pressure, they cannot voluntarily leave. They stop trying in the hope that their teachers will make the decision for them by(31)____ them.To put it bluntly(直截了当地)，unless you’re willing to make your college years count, you might be(32)_____ doing something else. Not everyone should attend college, nor should everyone who does attend begin right after high school. Many college students(33)_____ taking a year or so off. A year out in the world helps some people to(34)_____their priorities and goals. If you’re really going to get something out of going to college, you have to make it mean something, and to do that you must have some idea why you’re there, what you hope to get out of it, and (35)_____even what you hope to become.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.It’s our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work andsleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we knowthat spending so much time sitting36 can lead to obesity(肥胖症) and other diseases,researchers have now quantified just how37 being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large38 published studies, a Harvard-led group reportedin the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel39 , the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heartdisease increased 15% over a40 , and the odds of dying prematurely41 13% during aseven-year follow-up. All of these42 are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But comparedwith other sedentary (久坐的) activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially43 atpromoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs thetime we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer andpopcorn may make you more likely to44 them.Even so, the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to45 whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or earlySection BEssay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break[A] Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a gradefroma professor a few weeks later, clicking the “send〞button when you are clone and receiving agrade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being clonewith that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try toimprove your grade.[B] EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (MIT) to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated (自动的) software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it.The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers,fleeing professors for other tasks.[C] The new service will bring the educational consortium (联盟) into a growing conflict overtherole of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice andtrue-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essayanswers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.[D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and writeessays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology wouldoffer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait daysor weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback,〞Dr.Agarwalsaid. “Students are telling us they learn much b etter with instant feedback.〞[E] But skeptics(疑心者) say the automated system is no match for live teachers. Onelongtimecritic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsenseessays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders.[F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating apetition(呼吁)opposingautomated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against MachineScoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 signatures,including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.[G] “Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring,〞the group’s statement reads in part.“Computers cannot ‘read.’ They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical(伦理的) position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others.〞[H] But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offersfreeonline classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it willadd classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universitiesparticipate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans tocontinue to expand next year, including adding international schools.[I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade 100 essays oressayquestions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself tobe able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. Thesoftware will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical (数字的) rank.[J] EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to gradewritten test answers, and four states—Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia—are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimentedwith it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader,〞to check the reliability of thehuman graders.[K] But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to developa jointeducational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.[L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create“massive open online courses,〞or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating (吸引) toward resubmitting the work until they get it right,〞said Daphne Koller,a computer scientistand a founder of Coursera.[M]Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 prizes aimed at improving softwarethat grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner ofone of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessmentsoftware.[N] “One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically,〞said Victor Vuchic, a programofficer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choicetests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and theytake a lot more time.〞[O] Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the HewlettFoundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. Inhis view, the technology—though imperfect—has a place in educational settings.[P] With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningfulfeedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tendedto come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than atmost schools.[Q] “Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job ofproviding feedback than a machine ever could,〞Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack ofappreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.〞46. Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition toautomated essay grading.47. Using software to grade students’ essays saves teachers time for other work.48. The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.49. Though the automated grading System is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automatedessaygrading is still criticized by many educators.50. Some people don’t believe the software grading sy stem can do as good a job as humangraders.51. Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in lessfamousuniversities.52. Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured bycomputerrating programs.53. As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to howtoimprove their writing.54. The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work ofhumangraders.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes fromagriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarelytalked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A newstudy by the University of Minnesota and McGillUniversity in Montreal looks at where, and howfar, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat, corn and soyabeans (大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous (人口多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world foodmarkets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted ifyields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This isproblematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of allcalories consumed. Com and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that“we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars ratherthan on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.〞The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that theworld will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050,as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert (回返) to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.56. What does the author try to draw attention to?A) Food riots and hunger in the world. B) News headlines in the leading media.C) The decline of the grain yield growth. D) The food supply in populous countries.57. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B) Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C) Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D) Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.58. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A) They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B) They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C) They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.59. What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production inthecoming decades?A) The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B) The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C) The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.60. How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A) It is built on the findings of a new study.B) It is based on a doubtful assumption.C) It is backed by strong evidence.D) It is open to further discussion.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.The endless debate about “work-life balance〞often contains a hopeful footnote about stay-at-home dads. IfAmerican society and business won’t make it easier on future female leaders whochoose to have children, there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full-time fatherswill. But based on today’s socioeconomic t rends, this hope is, unfortunately, misguided.It’s true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full-time parents hasdoubled in a decade, but it’s still very small: only 0.8% of married couples where the stay-at-homefather was out of the labor force for a year. Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrustinto their caretaker role by a downsizing. This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma (污名) and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision, even if only for a relatively short time.Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult. A study foundthat 85% of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a child—but for all but a few, it’s aweek or two at most. Meanwhile, the average for women who take leave is more than 10 weeks.Such choices impact who moves up in the organization. While you’re away, someone else isdoing your work, making your sales, taking care of your customers. That can’t help y ou at work. Itcan only hurt you. Women, of course, face the same issues of returning after a long absence. Butwith many more women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families, returning from an extended parental leave doesn’t raise as many eyebrows as it does for men.Women would make more if they didn’t break their earning trajectory (轨迹) by leaving the workforce, or if higher-paying professions were more family-friendly. In the foreseeable future,stay-at-home fathers may make all the difference for individual families, but their presence won’treduce the numbers of high-potential women who are forced to choose between family and career.61. What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work-life balance?A) More men taking an extended parental leave.B) People’s changing attitudes towards family.C) More women entering business management.D) The improvement of their socioeconomic status.62. Why does the author say the hope for more full-time fathers is misguided?A) Women are better at taking care of children.B) Many men value work more than their family.C) Their number is too small to make a difference.D) Not many men have the chance to stay at home.63. Why do few men take a long parental leave?A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career.B) They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work.C) The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear.D) They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too long.64. What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A) Jealousy. B) Surprise. C) Admiration. D) Sympathy.65. What does the author say about high-potential women in the not-too-distant future?A) They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home.B) They will find high-paying professions a bit more family-friendly.C) They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family.D) They will still face the difficult choice between career and children.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)据报道，今年中国快递效劳(courier service)将递送大约120亿包裹。

2015年6月英语四级考试真题与答案(精编版)

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most."All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of action .Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A. AnnouncingB. beneficialC. challengesD. commitmentE. componentF. contestsG. criticallyH. developI. distributing J. enhance K. entitled L. potentialM. properly N. qualified O. retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA）Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.B) Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such "trading down” proved true for much of the latest recession, whenfast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C) As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Pan era Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D) But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E）Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger Kingfranchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October.F）Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns T aco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger King introduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.G）Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald’s started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its " Mc Cafe" line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H) As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald’s will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senator of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also addingmidday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products they want all day," says Rick Carlucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.I)But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr. Palmer of UBS. America’s health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunlin Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it is said, that menu-labeling could favor chains that have more healthy offerings.K) In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."Weprobably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie” Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do. 46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47. Fast-food fins may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that ismost worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B. It will protect them from sunburn.C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D. It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement ratherthan more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A. Longer life expectancies.B. A rapid technological advance.C. Profound changes in the workforce.D. A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A. Economic growth will slow down.B Government budgets will increase.C. More people will try to pursue higher education.D. There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B. More people have to receive in-service training.C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A. Computers will do more complicated work.B. More will be taken by the educated young.C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part ⅣTranslation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

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