2015年大学英语四级翻译
2015 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 2(翻译)
2015年专业四级英语真题（翻译）Passage 2（翻译）I was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but histemperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?我是这所大学医学院的一名二年级学生，我在附近的一家医院进行了第二天的查房。
2015年大学英语四级常考高频词汇
2015年大学英语四级常考高频词汇alter v. 改变，改动，变更burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸，炸掉consume v. 消耗，耗尽split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略slide v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片bacteria n. 细菌breed n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔budget n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排candidate n. 候选人campus n. 校园liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的transform v. 转变，变革；变换transmit v. 传播，播送；传递transplant v. 移植transport vt. 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具shift v. 转移；转动；转变vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化vanish vi. 消灭，不见swallow v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的mild a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的accelerate vt. 加速，促进absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的boundary n. 分界线，边界brake n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车）catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目vague a. 模糊的，不明确的vain n. 徒劳，白费extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的extreme a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，过分agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏approve v. 赞成，同意，批准stimulate vt. 刺激，激励acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到accomplish vt完成，到达；实行network n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络tide n. 潮汐；潮流tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的trace vt. 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨wander vi. 漫游，闲逛wax n. 蜡weave v. 织，编preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会battery n. 电池（组）barrier n. 障碍；棚栏cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物career n. 生涯，职业vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管vertical a. 垂直的oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激obscure a. 阴暗，模糊extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度exterior n. 外部，外表a. 外部的，外表的external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的petrol n. 汽油petroleum n. 石油delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽decent a. 像样的，体面的route n. 路；路线；航线ruin v. 毁坏，破坏n. 毁灭，[pl.]废墟sake n. 缘故，理由satellite n. 卫星scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度temple n. 庙宇tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，tend vi.易于，趋向tendency n.趋向，趋势ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的n. 极端undergo v. 经历，遭受abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写vt. 使适应bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的trap n. 陷阱，圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉vacant a. 空的，未占用的vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的optics n. （单、复数同形）光学organ n. 器官，风琴excess n. 过分，过量，过剩expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出expend v. 消费expenditure n. 支出，消费；经费expense n. 开销，费用expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高贵的expand v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀expansion n. 扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀private a. 私人的，个人的individual a. 个别的，单独的n. 个人，个体personal a. 个人的，私人的；亲自的personnel n. [总称]人员，员工；人事部门the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋grant vt. 授予，同意，准予grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭acid n. 酸，酸性物质a. 酸的；尖刻的acknowledge v. 承认；致谢balcony n. 阳台calculate vt. 计算，核算calendar n. 日历，月历optimistic a. 乐观optional a. 可以任选的，非强制的outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著的export n. 出口（物）v. 出口，输出import n. 进口（物）v. 进口，输入impose vt. 把...加强(on)；采用，利用religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰religious a. 宗教的victim n. 牺牲品，受害者video n. 电视，视频a. 电视的，录像的videotape n. 录像磁带v. 把...录在录像带上offend v. 冒犯，触犯bother v. 打搅，麻烦interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍internal a. 内部的，国内的beforehand ad. 预先，事先racial a. 人种的种族的radiation n. 放射物，辐射radical a.根本的；激进的range n. 幅度，范围v. （在某范围内）变动wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹v. 想知道，对...感到疑惑isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立issue n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期hollow a. 空的，中空的，空虚道hook n. 钩vt. 钩住adequate a. 适当地；足够adhere vi. 粘附，附着；遵守，坚持ban vt. 取缔，禁止capture vt. 俘虏，捕获valid a. 有效的，有根据的；正当的valley n. 山谷，峡谷consistent a. 坚固定；一致的，始终如一的continuous a. 继续的，连续（不断）的continual a. 不断地，频繁的explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增exploit v. 剥削；利用，开采explore v. 勘探explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增explosive a. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的remote a. 遥远的，偏僻的removal n. 除去，消除render vt. 使得，致使render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊！render sth(for sth) ；rendersth (to sb) give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换；回报；归还render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等：a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金render good for evil 以德报怨render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助render thanks to God 感谢上帝present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出（帐单）：account rendered $ 开出美元的帐单cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）处于某种状况：rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。
历年大学英语四级翻译真试题和范文答案解析2014年、2015年、2016年、2017年、2018年
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。
精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。
但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。
由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。
Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as n ot only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is bo th delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingr edient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for goo d cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Si nce food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to s eek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chine se food is delicious as well as healthy.信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。
一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。
历年大学英语四级翻译真题汇总(含参考范文)
历年大学英语四级翻译真题汇总（含答案）2019年6月份四级翻译真题第一套：灯笼灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
在唐代，人们用灯笼来庆祝安定的生活，从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。
灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。
在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征着生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆节期间悬挂。
如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。
【参考答案】The lantern can be traced to the East Han Dynasty, initially for the purpose of illumination. During the Tang Dynasty, lanterns were used to celebrate happy and peaceful life, which, from then on, became popular in many places in China. Lanterns, of various shapes and sizes, are usually made with thin paper of bright colors. In traditional Chinese culture, the lantern, symbolizing abundance in life and prosperity in business, is usually hung during such festivals as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival and the National Day. Red lanterns are also seen in many other places around the world nowadays.第二套：舞狮舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2 000多年历史。
2015年12月四级作文范文
2015年12月四级作文范文英文回答：In my opinion, learning a foreign language isdefinitely beneficial. First and foremost, it opens up a whole new world of opportunities. Being able to communicate in another language allows you to connect with people from different cultures and backgrounds. This not only enhances your social skills, but also broadens your horizons and helps you gain a deeper understanding of the world.Moreover, learning a foreign language can greatly improve your cognitive abilities. Research has shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills and are more creative. This is because learning a new language requires you to think outside the box and find alternative ways to express yourself. It also improves your memory and concentration, as you need to remember new vocabulary and grammar rules.Furthermore, being able to speak a foreign language can greatly enhance your career prospects. In today'sglobalized world, many companies are looking for employees who can communicate with international clients and partners. Having language skills on your resume can give you a competitive edge and open up doors to new job opportunities. It can also lead to higher salaries and better job security.中文回答：在我看来，学习一门外语绝对是有益的。
英语四级翻译真题及译文
英语四级翻译真题及译文英语四级翻译真题及译文大学英语四级考试，即CET-4，College English Test Band 4的缩写，是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性英语考试。
以下是店铺为大家整理的英语四级翻译真题及译文相关内容，仅供参考，希望能够帮助大家！英语四级翻译真题及译文篇1功夫是中国武术的俗称。
中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。
它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人老年人都练。
它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。
作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练的最多的武术形式。
有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。
译文一Kung Fu is a Chinese martial arts known. Origin of Chinese martial arts can be traced back to self-defense needs, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. It is a traditional Chinese sport, young people have practiced the elderly. It has gradually evolved into the unique elements of Chinese culture. As Chinas national treasure, there are hundreds of different martial arts styles, a form of martial arts in the world practice the most. Some styles imitate animal movements, and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myths and legends.译文二Kung Fu is commonly known as the Chinese martial arts. The origins of Chinese martial arts can be traced back to the needs of ancient self-defense, hunting activities and the military training in ancient china. It is one of the Chinese traditional sports, young people are practicing. It has evolved into a unique element ofChinese culture. As a national treasure of China, there are hundreds of different styles of martial arts, the most practiced martial arts in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myths and legends.译文三Kung Fu isthe folk name of Chinese martial arts, whichdates back to the need ofself-defense, hunting, and military drillin ancient China. It is one ofChina’s traditional sports, and allpeople, old and young, would participatein. It has graduallyevolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As anationaltreasure of China, it has hundreds of styles. Meanwhile, it isalsothe most practiced art form in the world. Some styles imitatethe movements ofanimals, while others are inspired by Chinesephilosophy, myth and legend.译文四(文都版)Chinese martial arts, known as Kung Fu, can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting activities and ancient China military training. Kung Fu, one of the Chinese traditional sports, is being practised by both the youth and the old people and has gradually become a special element of Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, Kung Fu has hundreds of different styles, and is the martial arts practised most in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while some are inspired by Chinese philosophy thinking, myths and legends.英语四级翻译真题及译文篇2乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。
八上英语课文翻译
2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions：For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of thepicture and then comment on the kid’s understanding of going to school.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questionswill be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecentre.1.A)He will give the woman some tips on the game.B)The woman has good reason to quit the game.C)He is willing to play chess with the woman.D)The woman should go on playing chess.2.A)The man can forward the mail to Mary.B)She can call Mary to take care of the mail.C)Mary probably knows Sally’s new address.D)She would like to resume contact with Sally.3.A)His handwriting has a unique style.B)His notes are not easy to read.C)He did not attend today’s class.D)He is very pleased to be able to help.4.A)The man had better choose another restaurant.B)The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C)The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D)The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5.A)He has been looking forward to spring.B)He has been waiting for the winter sale.C)He will clean the woman’s boots for spring.D)He will help the woman put things away.6.A)The woman is rather forgetful.B)The man appreciates the woman’s help.C)The man often lends books to the woman.D)The woman often works overtime at weekends.7.A)Go to work on foot.B)Take a sightseeing trip.C)Start work earlier than usual.D)Take a walk when the weather is nice.8.A)The plane is going to land at another airport.B)All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.C)Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation.D.The airport’s management is in real need of improvement. Questions9to12are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A)It specializes in safety from leaks.B)It is headquartered in London.C)It has a partnership with LCP.D)It has a chemical processing plant.10.A)He is Mr.Grand’s friend.B)He is a safety inspector.C)He is a salesman.D)He is a chemist.11.A)Director of the safety department.B)Mr.Grand’s personal assistant.C)Head of the personnel department.D)The public relations officer.12.A)Wait for Mr.Grand to call back.B)Leave a message for Mr.Grand.C)Provide details of their products and services.D)Send a comprehensive description of their work.Questions13to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A)She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.B)She dreamed of working and living in a European country.C)She read a lot about European musicians and their music.D)She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.14.A)She began taking violin lessons as a small child.B)She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.C)She gave her first performance with her father.D)She became a professional violinist at fifteen.15.A)It gave her a chance to explore the city.B)It was the chance of a lifetime.C)It was a great challenge to her.D)It helped her learn classical French music.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)There are mysterious stories behind his works.B)There are many misunderstandings about him.C)His works have no match worldwide.D)His personal history is little known.17.A)He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B)He failed to go beyond grammar school.C)He was a member of the town council.D)He once worked in a well-known acting company.18.A)Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B)Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C)His works were adapted beyond recognition.D)People of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Theft.B)Cheating.C)Air crash.D)Road accidents.20.A)Learn the local customs.B)Make hotel reservations.C)Book tickets well in advance.D)Have the right documents.21.A)Contact your agent.B)Get a lift if possible.C)Use official transport.D)Have a friend meet you.Passage ThreeQuestions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)Cut down production cost.B)Sell inexpensive products.C)Specialise in gold ornaments.D)Refine the taste of his goods.23.A)At a national press conference.B)During a live television interview.C)During a local sales promotion campaign.D)At a meeting of top British business people.24.A)Insulted.B)Puzzled.C)Distressed.D)Discouraged.25.A)The words of some business people are just rubbish.B)He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.C)There should be a limit to one’s sense of humour.D)He is not laughed at,that laughs at himself first.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill inthe blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally,when thepassage is read for the third time,you should check what you havewritten.Looking at the basic biological systems,the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is26.Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties,global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the27. The economy grew,trade increased,and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the28of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault:they show no difference between resource uses that29progress and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product(GNP).30, this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago,GNP helped31a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output.For some time,this seemed to work32well,but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier,GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment,but it does not33 the loss of natural resources,including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a34sense of national economic health. According to GNP,for example,countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for35the forests.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage:Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Questions36to45are based on the following passage.The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education.Today it is36the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.“All children are37to a high-quality education regardless of their race,zip code or family income.It is38important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full39,”U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said.“Despite the excellent work and deep40of our nation’s teachers and principals,students in high-poverty,high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will41their own creative solutions,but we must work together to42our focus on how to better recruit,support and43effective teachers and principals for all students,especially the kids who need them most.”Today’s announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education,a44of President Obama’s year of ter today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the45of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A)announcingB)beneficialC)challengesD)commitmentE)componentF)contestsG)criticallyH)develop I)distributing J)enhance K)entitled L)potential M)properly N)qualified O)retainSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraphis marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The Changes Facing Fast Food[A]Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularlycriticise them severely for selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald’s,whose logo symbolises calorie excess,should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.[B]Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cutspending,the logic goes,cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such“trading down”proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America,the home of fast food,with discounts and promotions,such as$1menus and cheap combination meals. [C]As a result,fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their moreexpensive competitors.In2009sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than6%,but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets,such as Japan,France and Britain,total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald’s,the world’s largest fast-food company,did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread,an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients,performed well,too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.[D]But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many,such as BurgerKing,have seen sales fall.In a severe recession,while some people trade down to fast food,many others eat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS,a bank,says smaller fast-food chains in America,such as Jack in the Box and Carl’s Jr.,have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald’s,which increased spending on advertising by more than7%last year as others cut back.[E]Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to givecustomers better value.During the recession companies set prices low,hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not st year Burger King franchisees(特许经营人)sued(起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion,claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for$1when they cost$1.10to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless,the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its“value menu”now account for around20%of all sales,up from12%last October. [F]Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But thedownturn is making companies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice(引诱)consumers away from$1specials.KFC,a division of Yum!Brands,which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut,has launcheda chicken sandwich that costs around$5.And in May Burger King introducedbarbecue(烧烤)pork ribs at$7for eight.[G]Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items,includingdrinks.McDonald’s started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its “McCafe”line now accounts for an estimated6%of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle’s Best coffee brand to Burger King,which will start selling it later this year.[H]As fast-food companies shift from“super size”to“more buys”,they need to keepcustomer traffic high throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald’s will start selling porridge(粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable,says Sara Senatore of Bernstein,a research firm,because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks,such as blended drinks and wraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu,“we can sell to consumers products they want all day,”says Rick Carucci,the chief financial officer of Yum!Brands.[I]But what about those growing waistlines?So far,fast-food firms have cleverlyavoided government regulation.By providing healthy options,like salads and low-calorie sandwiches,they have at least given the impression of doingsomething about helping to fight obesity(肥胖症).These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders,as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don’t want to eat a burger.But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.[J]In the future,simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.“Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,”says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America’s health-reform bill,which Congress passed this year,requires restaurant chains with20or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research,which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in2007,found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell6%and revenue increased3%at Starbucks stores where a Dunkin Donuts outlet was nearby—a sign,it is said,that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.[K]In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere,fast-food companies will have to continue innovating(创新).Walt Riker of McDonald’s claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago.“We probably sell more vegetables,more milk,more salads,more apples than any restaurant business in the world,”he says.But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald’s from including toys in its high-calorie“Happy Meals”,because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food,suggests there is a lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald’s from attaching toys to itsfood specials for children.47.Fast-food firms may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in thenear future.48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle’s Best coffee to increase sales.49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helpingto tackle the obesity problem.50.During the recession,many customers turned to fast food to save money.51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52.During the recession,Burger King’s promotional strategy of offering low-priceditems often proved ineffective.53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducinghigher-priced items.55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of whatthey serve on the menu.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions56to60are based on following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen(防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week’s Nature shows that while factor50reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence,it can’t prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair,fair skin,blue or green eyes,or sunburn easily,or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A2011Australian study of1,621people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study,comparing1,167people with melanomas to1,101who didn’t have the cancer,found that using sunscreen routinely,alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade,did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives,so it’s not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don’t use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates,as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer,it would be best for us,too,to slip on a shirt, slop on(抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56.What is people’s common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A)It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B)It will protect them from sunburn.C)It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D)It will work for people of any skin color.57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A)It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B)It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C)It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D)It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58.What do we learn from the2011Australian study of1,621people?A)Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B)High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C)Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D)Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?A)It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B)It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C)It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D)It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A)Using both covering up and sunscreen.B)Staying in the shade whenever possible.C)Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D)Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions61to65are based on the following passage.Across the rich world,well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65%of American men aged62-74with a professional degree are in the workforce,compared with32%of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences,for individuals and society,are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people,and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next20years the global population of those aged65or more will almost double,from600million to1.1billion.The experience of the20th century,when greater longevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth,while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people,whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America,where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy(预期寿命),combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones,means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated,and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift:the skills that complement computers,from management know how to creativity,do not necessarily decline with age.61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A)Younger people are replacing the elderly.B)Well-educated people tend to work longer.C)Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D)People with no college degree do not easily find work.62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A)Longer life expectancies.B)A rapid technological advance.C)Profound changes in the workforce.D)A growing number of the well-educated.63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the20th century?A)Economic growth will slow down.B)Government budgets will increase.C)More people will try to pursue higher education.D)There will be more competition in the job market.64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A)Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B)More people have to receive in-service training.C)Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D)People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65.What is characteristic of work in the21st century?A)Computers will do more complicated work.B)More will be taken by the educated young.C)Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D)Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。
2015年12月大学英语四级真题翻译
• 英语基本结构：… is+比较级… than…
• Life pace there is slower than in most
other cities in China
×
• Life pace there is slower than that in most other cities in China.
小飞守角制作
• 5. 当地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生、为爱而 死的故事。
• Many stories about living and dying for love are widely spread among the locals.
• Many stories about living and dying for love spread widely among the locals.
• There are beautiful natural sceneries everywhere, and minority people provide a great variety of cultures for tourists.
• There are many natural beauties everywhere , and many ethnical minorities provide tourists with a great variety of cultural experie这个古镇被视为 爱情和浪漫的天堂(paradise)。
• Life pace there is slower than that in most other Chinese cities.
小飞守角制作
• 3.丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族 同胞提供了各式各样、丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。
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1. 中秋习俗
在中国月饼是一种特殊的食品，广受海内外华人的欢迎。
中秋吃月饼就好比圣诞节吃馅饼(mince pies)。
为了庆祝中秋节，中国人通常做两件事：一是观赏满月。
二是品尝美味的月
饼。
中秋节是每年农历八月十五日。
据说，这一天的月亮是一年中最圆的。
而月亮正是庆贺
中秋的全部主题。
在中国人眼中，月饼象征着全家人的大团圆。
参考译文：
Moon cakes are aspecial kind of food in China. They are very popular with the Chinese
at homeand abroad. Moon cakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are toChristmas. To celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese usually do two things:enjoy
the full moon and eat delicious moon cakes. Mid-Autumn Festival falls onthe 15thday
of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. Itis the time when the moon is said to be
at its brightest and fullest. And themoon is what this celebration is all about. In
the eyes of the Chinese people ,a moon cake symbolizes the reunion of all family members.
讲解：第二句中的“……就好比”可以用“……s like…”，但译文中所用句型更好地表达这
个含义。
如：“智力之于大脑，犹如视力之于躯体。
“ Intellect is to the mind what sight
is tothe body.”
由于香港的战略位置，面向国际的商业氛围，和优越的通讯条件，使她成为世界贸易的活动
中心和亚太地区的神经中枢。
香港已和世界上170个国家和地区的公司有商业往来。
与亚洲
其他国家和地区的贸易大幅度增长。
香港的集装港口是世界上最繁忙的，而且还在进一步扩
建。
虽然香港开始成为世界金融中心还是最近二十年的事，但现在海外贷款已占到香港银行
提供的总贷款的一半以上。
当这颗东方明珠重新回到中国的掌上时，中国人民眼中的香港未
来比过去任何时候都更加光明灿烂。
参考译文a
Hong Kong a tinyisland perched on the tip of Southern China plays a pivotal role in anincreasingly globalized economy. Given its strategic location internationallyo2. 传统艺术
皮影戏又称“影子戏”。
它是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。
表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵
用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。
它们的影子通过灯光出现在帘布上。
这营造了有人物在活动
的幻象。
有时表演者需要控制三到四个偶人。
皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界
上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷，被人们亲切地称为“中国影灯”。
参考译文
The shadow puppetplay, also known as ?shadow play?, is one of China?s famous folk
opera forms.During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating humanfigures, which are made of animal skin and paper board. The shadows of thosehuman figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates theillusion of moving images. Sometimes。