Idiot三大构成试卷及答案
(英语)英语句子结构与成分试题经典
（英语）英语句子结构与成分试题经典一、句子结构与成分1．What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?（选出宾语）A. WhatB. your new speechC. onD. Mr. Smith【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：你的演讲是关于什么，史密斯先生？on 介词后面跟宾语，特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语，故选A。
【点评】此题考查句子成分。
根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分，选出正确答案。
2．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
故答案为D。
【点评】考查句子成分。
牢记句子成分。
3．This cake is really big. _______ share it.A. May be we canB. We may be canC. Maybe we canD. Maybe can we 【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大，也许我们可以分享它”。
maybe为副词，也许，可能，放于句首。
may be中may是情态动词，be是动词原形，为系表结构，译为“也许是，可能是”。
根据句意，故选C。
【点评】此题考查简单句和副词的用法。
4．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。
新视野试卷三级试卷及答案
Text 1Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned . Other authorities, however , think the auto is here to stay . They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future .The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types .Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤) . One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system .When the auto enters the highway system, (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto retractable21. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________ .A) its power source B) its driving systemC) its monitoring system D) its seating capacity22. What is the author's main concern?A) How to render automobiles pollution-free .B) How to make smaller and safer automobiles .C) How to solve the problem of traffic jams .D) How to develop an automated subway system .23. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?A) A rail . B) An engine .C) A retractable arm . D) A computer controller .24. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________ .A) keep in the right laneB) wait to arrive at his destinationC) keep in constant touch with the computer centerand make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically . Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central . The computer will then monitor all of the computer car's movements . The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system . The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway . The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit . It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway . (285 words)D) inform the system of his destination by phone25. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?A) Enthusiastic . B) Pessimistic . C) Optimistic . D) Cautious .Text 2What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career . So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school . On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. A knowledge of history26. Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?A) The importance of doing well at school .B) Using school performance to help to choose a career .C) The importance of being good at all subjects .D) The indirect value of schoolwork .27. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably ______ .A) a waste of time that could have been spent on studyB) useful for his future workC) a good way to earn extra moneyD) a good way to find out his weak points28. According to the passage, if a student's school record is not good, he ______ .A) will be a complete failure in his future workB) will not be able to find a suitable jobC) will regret not having worked harder at schoolD) may do well in his future workis not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details . This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs .If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer , think what you gained from it . If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job . Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist . Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background . You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work. (303 words)29.Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for jot hunting?A) Mathematics . B) English . C) Technical Drawing . D) History .30.The whole passage centers on ______ .A)choosing a career according to what one is skilled inB)acquiring knowledge by working hard at schoolC)finding one's strong and weak pointsD)developing one's abilities useful in school workText 3As a Canadian bilingual (双语的)teacher,I agree that the Canadian bilingual schools have been successful in producing functionally bilingual students .However,Mr.Whelpton's suggested condition that teachers in these schools must be fully bilingual may be unnecessary .For example,primary teachers can and do function with a smaller vocabulary than secondary teachers .Secondly,it is doubtful that students will use English because they "understand and accept the objective of making English the language of the classroom"which is a rather sterile motive .One reason that Canadian bilingual programs work is because of the commitment to Whole Language Learning,that is,children learn a language,(first or second),by using it to transmit 播送)or receive meaningful messages that are interesting,real and important.They (want to make their needs and desires known and to understand the world around them . Bilingual programs integrate language and content in an activity-based,child-centred manner so that the child is motivated to use the second language as a tool to transmit and receive messages related to social and academic interests .Mr.Whelpton's third argument that all the students in one class need to be at approximately the same level of English proficiency (熟练)when they switch to English is unrealistic and unprofitable . How does a teacher group children who have a huge vocabulary but poor grammar skills and others who have correct grammar but a poor vocabulary?Also,suppose the students have similar language abilities but different learning styles!Hence the concept of co-operative learning:students with a mixture of personalities,talents and weaknesses (a more realistic reflection of life)learn better as they co-operate (合作),instead of compete, and depend on each other for support and information .(280words)31.How would you describe the writer's style?A)The passage is written in an academic style .B)The passage is written in a journalistic style .C)The passage is written in a personal style .D)The passage is written on the basis of widespread research in the areA)32.How would you describe the writer's attitude towards the Canadian bilingual programmes?A)Balanced .B)Unenthusiastic .C)Supportive .D)Critical .33.In paragraph 1the writer ________ .A)agrees completely with Mr .Whelpton's argumentB)agrees partially with Mr.Whelpton's argumentC)disagrees completely with Mr .Whelpton's argumentD)is overwhelmingly critical of Mr .Whelpton's argument34.In paragraph 2"sterile"is closest in meaning to________ .A)uninformative B)unusual C)stereotypical D)uninspiring35.According to the writer the Canadian bilingual programs have been a success ________.A)because students accept the objective of making English the language of the classroomB)because students study in classrooms where everybody is at about the same levelC)because the students can use their first language freelyD)because they work towards real life goalsText 4If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills,American firms have a problem.Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States .Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility .Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired rented at the lowest possible cost much as one buys raw materials or equipment .The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy.In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command .The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job,off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy.The executive who holds it is never consulted onmajorstrategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).By way of contrast,in Japan the head of human resource management is central usually the second most important,after the CEO,in the firm's hierarchy .While American firms often have the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,in fact, they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms.The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees .And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies .As a result,problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive .If American workers,for example,take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do) .the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States .More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity,and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed .The result is a slower pace of technological change .And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half.If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear .36.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?A)They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills .B)They see the gaining of skills as their employees’own busine ss .C)They attach more importance to workers than to equipment .D)They only hired skilled workers because of keen competition .37.What is the position of the head of human resource management?A)He is one of the most important executives in the firm .B)His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced .C)He is directly under the chief financial executive .D)He has no say in making important decisions in the firm .38.The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to________ .A)workers who can operate new equipmentB)technological and managerial staffC)workers who lack basic ground skillsD)top executives39.What's the main idea of the passage?A)American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management .B)Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource management .C)The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy .D) The human resource management strategies of American firms will affect their competitive capacity .40.According to the passage,the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is ___________ .A)the introduction of new technologiesB)the improvement of workers'skillsC)the rational composition of professional and managerial employeesD)the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employeesIII .Vocabulary and Structure (15points)Directions:Choose the best one to complete each sentence .41.I much prefer factual books such as biographies to _______of any kind .A)imagination B)narration C)fiction D)romantics42.The storm delayed us ._______the storm we would have been in time .A)But for B)If it were not C)With D)Unless43.Shaking hands is a ______way of greeting .A)conventional B)conditional C)original D)conversational44.The test results are not very _______ .He does well one week and badly the next .A)consequent B)consistent C)continuous D)convince45.We believe that these illustrations will _____some light on the point being discussed .A)show B)shine C)shed D)thrivesha 46. There was a __________ growth of the light industries during the last twenties years .A) considerate B) considering C) considerable D) considered47. We must revise our plan ______ the light of these changes .A) for B) in C) on D) with48. The next big _______ confronting the workers is the questions of wages .A) issue B) stuff C) question D) matter49. I know nothing about the accident ______ it happened somewhere near the highway .A) apart from B) except for C) besides D) except that50. The Americans still have several military ______ on the island .A) installments B) install C) installationsite D) installations51. Many disagreements have _______ when it came to the ring of their father ’s estatesA) risen B) arisen C) raised D) arrived .52. When they got ready, the enemy plane flew out of the ______ of their guns .A) field B) limit C) extent D) range53. The United Kingdom ________ England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland .A) constitutes B) comprises C) composes D) consists54. All the key words in the article are printed in _________ type so as to attract readers' attention .A) dark B) dense C) black D) bold55. Once you have made your booking and paid a ________, then the cost of your holiday cannot be changed .A) deposit B) saving C) fund D) loan56. I don't like the noise of this air conditioner , but I've learned to _______ it .A) stay with B) stand with C) go with D) live with57. We trust that you will give special care to the packing of the goods ______ they should be damaged in transit (运输).A) so that B) lest C) if D) unless58. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should _______ his findings in logic order and clear language .A) furnish B) propose C) raise D) present59. My father always warns me not to i nterfere ______ matters that don ’t concern me .A) with B) in C) on D) about60. Extensive reporting on television has helped to _______ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities .A) gather B) generate C) assemble D) yield61. The children are doing all kinds of things to win the _____ of their parents .A . effect B) affection C) affect D) affectation62. We spent all day trying to ______ our new bookshelves with a screwdriver .A . resemble B) decorate C) assemble D) transfer63. He might arrive on time, but _____ are he will be late again .A) possibilities B) prospects C) probabilities D) chances64. He _____ from newspaper work to devote his full time to writing .A) abandoned B) quit C) withdrew D) reversed65. The work is not very profitable ______ money, but I am getting valuable experience fromit .A)in line with B)in regard withC)by means of D)in terms of66.To impress a future employer ,one should dress neatly,be _______,and display interest in the job .A)timely B)swift C)instant D)punctual67.Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really ________of the reality that they represent .A)reflections B)demonstrations C)illuminations D)reproductions68.Though her parents _____her musical ability,Jennifer's piano playing is really terrible .A)pour scorn on B)heap praise upon C)give vent to D)cast light upon69.Eating too much fat can ______heart disease and cause high blood pressure .A)attribute to B)attend to C)contribute to D)devote to70.The tremendous expense of full protection of endangered animals _______the finances of the African countries which are far from rich and developed .A)stretches B)restrains C)scratches D)strainsII .Cloze (20 points)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and choose the correct ONE from the four choices given to fill in each blank .(20points)The boat was full of timber and other goods but no(71) . Not even blood (72) remaineda e y hi e d .the craft was (73) in the fog. Still, no one was left (74) the floating grave. A new crew was (75)but maybe they had navigation problems,human (76)or probably just several (77) problems,this crew was lost,too .Since this (78)of the world is (79)by the Gulf Stream, there are many (80) valleys that are (81) deep under the (82) . Clouds, rain and other atmospheric (83)can cause a generator to go out .Many cruise (84)have reported to their bureau of many strange (85) that have taken place at almost the (86) point and they happened over several occasions in a(n)(87)period of history .They would go and examine the incidents and try to find out explanations.But,alas,it (88)as though the ocean has (89) all visible evidence away .To this day the Bermuda Triangle (90)a mystery .71.A)crew B)member C)passenger D)tourist72.A)points B)dirties C)pots D)stains73.A)missed B)dropped C)lost D)disappeared74.A)board B)broad C)aboard D)abroad75.A)set B)installed C)prepared D)fixed76.A)problem B)weaknesses C)error D)disaster77.A)machinery B)mechanism C)mechanical D)mechanic78.A)district B)region C)field D)area79.A)decided B)controlled C)conquered D)occupied80.A)unexpanded B)unexpected C)unexplored D)unexploded81.A)submerged B)subtitled C)submitted D)subdivided82.A)air B)land C)surface D)ocean83.A)chances B)conditions C)occasions D)surroundings84.A)vehicles B)craft C)boats D)vessels85.A)hits B)occurrences C)sensations D)statements86.A)critical B)identical C)practical D)theoretical87.A)extended B)intended C)tended D)extensive88.A)seems B)sees C)sounds D)says89.A)drank B)chopped C)swallowed D)sucked90.A)stays B)retains C)remains D)makesPart V Writing (15points )Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Opinions on Higher Education in China” .You should write at least 100words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below .1．我自己对中国高等教育的看法(成就，问题或兼而有之) 。
大学英语三级B级(词汇)练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语三级B级（词汇）练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2. V ocabulary and StructurePart II V ocabulary and Structure (15 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each bland with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.1．It’s very______(thought)and very kind of you to offer me a job in your company．正确答案：thoughtful解析：“very”是修饰形容词的，因此本句的动词要转换成为形容词“thoughtful”。
知识模块：词汇2．______(judge)from previous experience, he will be late．正确答案：Judging解析：“judging”表示“从……判断”，用动词的主动形式表示原因，做原因状语。
知识模块：词汇3．I would rather our team members______(prepare)for the worst．正确答案：prepared解析：would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，从句中谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。
其意为“宁愿……，还是……好些”，“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。
引导从句的that常省略。
在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。
大学英语试题3及答案
大学英语试题3及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the man's major?A. Computer ScienceB. English LiteratureC. PhysicsD. EngineeringAnswer: B2. When does the woman plan to go to the library?A. At 9:00 a.m.B. At 10:00 a.m.C. At 11:00 a.m.D. At 12:00 p.m.Answer: C3. Why is the man late for the class?A. He overslept.B. He got caught in traffic.C. He forgot about the class.D. He was helping a friend.Answer: B4. What does the woman suggest they do after the exam?A. Go to a movie.B. Have lunch together.C. Go shopping.D. Study for the next exam.Answer: B5. What is the man's opinion about the new campus?A. It's too crowded.B. It's very modern.C. It's too far from the city.D. It's very quiet.Answer: D二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1The passage discusses the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It emphasizes the role of regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep in promoting overallwell-being.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of exercise.B. The importance of a balanced diet.C. The significance of sleep.D. The importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Answer: D7. According to the passage, which of the following is not a key component of a healthy lifestyle?A. Regular exercise.B. A balanced diet.C. Sufficient sleep.D. Excessive alcohol consumption.Answer: DPassage 2The passage describes the impact of technology on modern communication, highlighting both its advantages and disadvantages.8. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To encourage the use of technology in communication.B. To warn against the overuse of technology.C. To discuss the impact of technology on communication.D. To promote face-to-face communication.Answer: C9. Which of the following is an advantage of technology in communication mentioned in the passage?A. It allows for instant communication.B. It can be distracting.C. It can lead to misunderstandings.D. It requires physical presence.Answer: A三、词汇与语法（共20分）10. The teacher asked the students to ________ the assignment before next week.A. hand outB. hand inC. hand overD. hand downAnswer: B11. Despite the heavy rain, they ________ the game.A. gave offB. gave inC. gave upD. gave awayAnswer: B12. The company has ________ a new policy to improve employee satisfaction.A. carried outB. looked intoC. put forwardD. turned downAnswer: C13. She ________ the old house and moved to a new apartment.A. did away withB. made away withC. got rid ofD. got away fromAnswer: C14. The book is ________ to be one of the best sellers this year.A. expectedB. supposedC. predictedD. forecastedAnswer: A四、翻译（共15分）15. 请将以下句子从英文翻译成中文。
2017年上半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2017年上半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. V ocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze Test PART 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.SECTION 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.1．Large herds of grazing mammals are most likely to be found in a______.A．grasslandB．terraceC．desertD．forest正确答案：A解析：(1)句子结构。
本句的句子结构为主动补(SVC)：主语为large herds of grazing mammals，are为系动词，most likely to be found…为主语补语(即表语)。
(2)选项词义。
A．grassland n．草原，牧草地B．terrace n．平台；梯田；阳台C．desert n．沙漠；荒原；应得的赏罚D．forest n．森林本句大意为“在草原上最有可能发现大群食草类哺乳动物”。
大学英语三级试卷及答案
大学英语三级试卷及答案第一部分：听力理解一、短对话（每题1分，共10分）1. A. He is a teacher. B. He is a student. C. He is a doctor.2. A. Yes, she does. B. No, she doesn't. C. We don't know.4. A. In a library. B. In a classroom. C. In a park.5. A. She is happy. B. She is sad. C. She is angry.二、长对话（每题1分，共10分）6. A. They are talking about their hobbies. B. They are talking about their jobs. C. They are talking about their families.7. A. He likes playing basketball. B. He likes playing football. C. He likes playing tennis.8. A. She is a teacher. B. She is a doctor. C. She is a lawyer.9. A. They are in a library. B. They are in a classroom.C. They are in a park.10. A. They are happy. B. They are sad. C. They are angry.第二部分：阅读理解一、短文阅读（每题2分，共20分）Passage 1:11. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Computers are expensive.B. Computers are used in many fields.C. Computers are only used in education.B. Store large amounts of information.C. Both A and B.二、长文阅读（每题2分，共20分）Passage 2:13. What is the main idea of this passage?C. The Internet is used for browsing the web.14. What can people do with the Internet?B. Browse the web.C. Both A and B.第三部分：写作（20分）题目：My Favorite Hob1. 你最喜欢的爱好是什么？2. 你为什么喜欢这个爱好？3. 你通常如何进行这个爱好？答案：第一部分：听力理解一、短对话1. A2. B3. C4. A5. A二、长对话6. A7. A8. A9. A 10. A第二部分：阅读理解一、短文阅读11. B 12. C二、长文阅读13. A 14. C第三部分：写作答案略。
2005年1月大学英语三级(B级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2005年1月大学英语三级（B级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 5 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.听力原文：I’m so glad to meet you here, Jennet.1．A．Hurry up.B．Nothing left.C．No more.D．Me, too.正确答案：D解析：“I’m so glad to meet you．”与“Nice to meet you．”一样是问候时常用的表达方式，意为“很高兴见到你”。
“Me，too．”意思是“我也一样”，可用于回答多种问候语。
hurny up快点；nothing left什么也没有留下；no more没有多余的，均不符合题意。
新视野试卷三级试卷及答案
新视野试卷三级试卷及答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Text 1Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion （拥挤）. One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, retractable（可伸缩的）arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer（蜂鸣器）that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. (285 words)21. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.A) its power source B) its driving systemC) its monitoring system D) its seating capacity22. What is the author's main concern?A) How to render automobiles pollution-free.B) How to make smaller and safer automobiles.C) How to solve the problem of traffic jams.D) How to develop an automated subway system.23. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?A) A rail. B) An engine.C) A retractable arm. D) A computer controller.24. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.A) keep in the right laneB) wait to arrive at his destinationC) keep in constant touch with the computer centerD) inform the system of his destination by phone25. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?A) Enthusiastic. B) Pessimistic. C) Optimistic. D) Cautious.Text 2What should you think about in trying to find your careerYou are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. A knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs. If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work. (303 words)26. Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?A) The importance of doing well at school.B) Using school performance to help to choose a career.C) The importance of being good at all subjects.D) The indirect value of schoolwork.27. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably ______.A) a waste of time that could have been spent on studyB) useful for his future workC) a good way to earn extra moneyD) a good way to find out his weak points28. According to the passage, if a student's school record is not good, he ______.A) will be a complete failure in his future workB) will not be able to find a suitable jobC) will regret not having worked harder at schoolD) may do well in his future work29. Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for jot hunting?A) Mathematics. B) English. C) Technical Drawing. D) History.30. The whole passage centers on ______.A) choosing a career according to what one is skilled inB) acquiring knowledge by working hard at schoolC) finding one's strong and weak pointsD) developing one's abilities useful in school workText 3As a Canadian bilingual (双语的) teacher, I agree that the Canadian bilingual schools have been successful in producing functionally bilingual students. However, Mr. Whelpton's suggested condition that teachers in these schools must be fully bilingual may be unnecessary. For example, primary teachers can and do function with a smaller vocabulary than secondary teachers.Secondly, it is doubtful that students will use English because they "understand and accept the objective of making English the language of the classroom" which is a rather sterile motive. One reason that Canadian bilingual programs work is because of the commitment to Whole Language Learning, that is, children learn a language, (first or second), by using it to transmit (播送) or receive meaningful messages that are interesting, real and important. They want to make their needs and desires known and to understand the world around them. Bilingual programs integrate language and content in an activity-based, child-centred manner so that the child is motivated to use the second language as a tool to transmit and receive messages related to social and academic interests.Mr. Whelpton's third argument that all the students in one class need to be at approximately the same level of English proficiency (熟练) when they switch to English is unrealistic and unprofitable. How does a teacher group children who have a huge vocabulary but poor grammar skills and others who have correct grammar but a poor vocabularyAlso, suppose the students have similar language abilities but different learning styles! Hence the concept of co-operative learning: students with a mixture of personalities, talents and weaknesses (a more realistic reflection of life) learn better as they co-operate (合作), instead of compete, and depend on each other for support and information. (280 words)31. How would you describe the writer's style?A) The passage is written in an academic style.B) The passage is written in a journalistic style.C) The passage is written in a personal style.D) The passage is written on the basis of widespread research in the areA)32. How would you describe the writer's attitude towards the Canadian bilingual programmes?A) Balanced. B) Unenthusiastic. C) Supportive. D) Critical.33. In paragraph 1 the writer ________.A) agrees completely with Mr. Whelpton's argumentB) agrees partially with Mr. Whelpton's argumentC) disagrees completely with Mr. Whelpton's argumentD) is overwhelmingly critical of Mr. Whelpton's argument34. In paragraph 2 "sterile" is closest in meaning to________.A) uninformative B) unusual C) stereotypical D) uninspiring35. According to the writer the Canadian bilingual programs have been a success ________.A) because students accept the objective of making English the language of the classroomB) because students study in classrooms where everybody is at about the same levelC) because the students can use their first language freelyD) because they work towards real life goalsText 4If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired rented at the lowest possible cost much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central usually the second most important, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy.While American firms often have the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact, they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do).the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.36. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees’ own business.C) They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.D) They only hired skilled workers because of keen competition.37. What is the position of the head of human resource management?A) He is one of the most important executives in the firm.B) His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.C) He is directly under the chief financial executive.D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.38. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to________.A) workers who can operate new equipmentB) technological and managerial staffC) workers who lack basic ground skillsD) top executives39. What's the main idea of the passage?A) American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management.B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource management.C) The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy.D) The human resource management strategies of American firms will affect their competitive capacity.40. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is ___________.A) the introduction of new technologiesB) the improvement of workers' skillsC) the rational composition of professional and managerial employeesD) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employeesIII. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.41. I much prefer factual books such as biographies to _______ of any kind.A) imagination B) narration C) fiction D) romantics42. The storm delayed us. _______ the storm we would have been in time.A) But for B) If it were not C) With D) Unless43. Shaking hands is a ______ way of greeting.A) conventional B) conditional C) original D) conversational44. The test results are not very _______. He does well one week and badly the next.A) consequent B) consistent C) continuous D) convince45. We believe that these illustrations will _____ some light on the point being discussed.A) show B) shine C) shed D) thrive46. There was a __________ growth of the light industries during the last twenties years.A) considerate B) considering C) considerable D) considered47. We must revise our plan ______ the light of these changes.A) for B) in C) on D) with48. The next big _______ confronting the workers is the questions of wages.A) issue B) stuff C) question D) matter49. I know nothing about the accident ______ it happened somewhere near the highway.A) apart from B) except for C) besides D) except that50. The Americans still have several military ______ on the island.A) installments B) install C) installationsite D) installations51. Many disagreements have _______ when it came to the sharing of their fathe r’s estates .A) risen B) arisen C) raised D) arrived52. When they got ready, the enemy plane flew out of the ______ of their guns.A) field B) limit C) extent D) range53. The United Kingdom ________ England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.A) constitutes B) comprises C) composes D) consists54. All the key words in the article are printed in _________ type so as to attract readers' attention.A) dark B) dense C) black D) bold55. Once you have made your booking and paid a ________, then the cost of your holiday cannot be changed.A) deposit B) saving C) fund D) loan56. I don't like the noise of this air conditioner, but I've learned to _______ it.A) stay with B) stand with C) go with D) live with57. We trust that you will give special care to the packing of the goods ______ they should be damaged in transit (运输).A) so that B) lest C) if D) unless58. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should _______ his findings in logic order and clear language.A) furnish B) propose C) raise D) present59. My father always warns me not to interfere ______ matters that don’t concern me.A) with B) in C) on D) about60. Extensive reporting on television has helped to _______ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.A) gather B) generate C) assemble D) yield61. The children are doing all kinds of things to win the _____of their parents.A. effect B) affection C) affect D) affectation62. We spent all day trying to ______ our new bookshelves with a screwdriver.A. resemble B) decorate C) assemble D) transfer63. He might arrive on time, but _____ are he will be late again.A) possibilities B) prospects C) probabilities D) chances64. He _____ from newspaper work to devote his full time to writing.A) abandoned B) quit C) withdrew D) reversed65. The work is not very profitable ______ money, but I am getting valuable experience from it.A) in line with B) in regard withC) by means of D) in terms of66. To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be _______, and display interest in the job.A) timely B) swift C) instant D) punctual67. Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really ________ of the reality that they represent.A) reflections B) demonstrations C) illuminations D) reproductions68. Though her parents _____ her musical ability, Jennifer's piano playing is really terrible.A) pour scorn on B) heap praise upon C) give vent to D) cast light upon69. Eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A) attribute to B) attend to C) contribute to D) devote to70. The tremendous expense of full protection of endangered animals _______ the finances of the African countries which are far from rich and developed.A) stretches B) restrains C) scratches D) strainsII. Cloze (20 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose the correct ONE from the four choices given to fill in each blank. (20 points)The boat was full of timber and other goods but no(71) . Not even blood (72) remained behind. Maybe the craft was (73) in the fog. Still, no one was left (74) the floating grave. A new crew was (75) but maybe they had navigation problems, human (76) or probably just several (77) problems, this crew was lost, too. Since this (78) of the world is (79) by the Gulf Stream, there are many (80) valleys that are (81) deep under the (82) . Clouds, rainand other atmospheric (83) can cause a generator to go out. Many cruise (84) have reported to their bureau of many strange (85) that have taken place at almost the (86) point and they happened over several occasions in a(n) (87) period of history. They would go and examine the incidents and try to find out explanations. But, alas, it (88) as though the ocean has (89) all visible evidence away. To this day the Bermuda Triangle (90) a mystery.71. A) crew B) member C)passenger D)tourist72. A) points B) dirties C) pots D) stains73. A) missed B) dropped C) lost D) disappeared74. A) board B) broad C) aboard D) abroad75. A) set B) installed C) prepared D) fixed76. A) problem B) weaknesses C) error D)disaster77. A) machinery B) mechanism C) mechanical D) mechanic78. A) district B) region C) field D) area79. A) decided B) controlled C) conquered D) occupied80. A) unexpanded B) unexpected C) unexplored D) unexploded81. A) submerged B) subtitled C) submitted D) subdivided82. A) air B) land C) surface D) ocean83. A) chances B) conditions C) occasions D) surroundings84. A) vehicles B) craft C) boats D) vessels85. A) hits B) occurrences C) sensations D) statements86. A) critical B) identical C) practical D) theoretical87. A) extended B) intended C)tended D) extensive88. A) seems B) sees C)sounds D) says89. A) drank B) chopped C) swallowed D) sucked90. A) stays B) retains C) remains D) makesPart V Writing ( 15 points )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Opinions on Higher Education in China”. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.１．我自己对中国高等教育的看法（成就，问题或兼而有之）。
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《三大构成》试卷
一、名词解释：（每题2分，共20分）
1、点：点是相对较小而集中的形。
2、线：线是具有位置、方向和长度的一种几何元素，是点运动后形成的轨迹。
3、面：面是点的密集，或线的移动轨迹。
4、近似：指的是在形状、大小、色彩、肌理等方面有着共同的特征，它体现了在统一中呈现出的生动变化的效果。
5、重复：我们把相同或相近的形态元素进行连续有规律地、有秩序地反复排列。
6、对称：是指作品的各部分依实际或假想的对称轴或对称点两侧形成等形、等量的对应关系，具有稳定与统一的美感。
7、均衡：是从运动规律中升华出来的美的形式法则，轴线或支点两侧会形成不等形而等量的重力上的稳定。
8、骨格：骨格是构成图形的骨架与格式。
9、具象形态：在生活中已经形成的概念，并可以明确指认出的存在物。
10、抽象形态：在造型艺术领域中，特指无法明确指认出的形态或形象，在生活经验中找不到具体的存在物。
二、填空题：（每题1分，共10分）
1、构成艺术的形式分为平面构成、色彩构成、立体构成和光构成四类。
2、变化与统一的法则是使用于一切造型艺术表现的一个普遍性单位特征，也是形式美的基本规律。
3、和谐就是各个部分或因素之间互相协调，也就是各种因素存在某种共性，即同一性、近似性或调和性。
4、平面构成的基本要素——点、线、面。
5、骨格可分为规律性骨格和非规律性骨格两种。
6、平面构成中，肌理通常指物体表面的纹理。
7、发射的类型有中心点发射、螺旋式发射和同心式发射等。
8、渐变构成是指基本形态或骨格逐渐地、有规律地发生变化，它会产生节奏感和韵律感。
9、平面构成的形式有重复、近似、渐变、特异、发射、密集和肌理。
10、色彩的三要素中，纯度即色彩的纯净程度以及光波的单纯程度。
三、选择题：（每题1分，共15分）
1、（ C ）在艺术创作中是一种被充分认识和用于表达的手段。
A、艺术美
B、造型美
C、形式美
D、创新美
2、均衡时有变化的美，其结构特点为（ D ）
A、生动活泼
B、富于变化
C、有动的感觉
D、ABC
3、中国银行用古代铜钱和汉字“中”为元素，对称的结构山体现了（ A ）的理念。
A、和平
B、活泼
C、生动
D、美丽
4、德国著名建筑家沃尔特?格罗佩斯在德国魏玛市建立了（ B ）
A、卢浮宫
B、国立包豪斯学院
C、红楔子攻打白军雕像
D、唐仕女
5、以下不属于硬线材构成方法的是（ D ）
A、积垒构成法
B、线织面构成法
C、框架构成法
D、变形创新构成法
6、除了五种柏拉图式多面体外，还有一种多面体被称为（ B ）
A、雨果式多面体
B、阿基米德式多面体
C、变异多面体
D、几米式多面体
7、在单位面材上进行结构的穿插、衔接，把多个单个实体互相插接。
称为（ C ）插接
A、平面
B、变化
C、立体
D、多层
8、伟大的艺术大师三宅一生所设计的服装极具创造力等特点。
三宅一生是（ A ）人。
A、日本
B、法国
C、意大利
D、德国
9、在色彩构成中，明度统调调和，在混入（ B ）时，色彩之间的不和谐会被削弱。
A、灰色和白色
B、黑色和白色
C、灰色和黑色
D、白色和红色
10、本身不发光的色彩称为（ C ）
A、光源色
B、收缩色
C、物体色
D、固有色
11、以一个焦点为中心，层层环绕发射称为（ B ）
A、中心点发射
B、同心式发射
C、旋转式发射
D、螺旋式发射
12、法国古典主义画家达维特创作的《萨平妇女》的构图中，主要人物与次要人物的比例为（D）
A、1:1.35
B、0.28:1.2
C、1:1
D、1:1.618
13、传统的中国门栓为（ A ）图形。
A、对称
B、均衡
C、相似
D、装饰
14、平面构成的基本特点是（ B ）
A、实践性
B、基础性
C、趋理性
D、整体性
15、具象具备（ A ）特性
A、明显的可识别性
B、独一无二
C、相似性
D、创新性
四、简答题（共55分）
1、简述近似构成应注意的问题：（15分）
答：基本形态在变化时，可以有秩序地改变自身的形态特征，处理手法不要发生很大的变动，最好骨格不变，只是基本形发生微妙的变化。
作品的处理方法有很多，如利用直线、弧线、块面、肌理等变形重组等，但同一副作品中要有一个主题，不要用太多的处理手法，因为这样会使人觉得杂乱无章。
2、简述基本形的组合主要体现的几种方式。
（20分）
答：在平面构成中，由于基本形的组合，产生了形与形之间的组合关系，这种关系主要体现为以下几种方式：
①分离：形与形之间存在着一定的距离
②相接：一个形的边缘与另一个形的边缘接触
③重合：一个形重叠在另一个形之上，产生上下、前后关系
④覆盖：两形重叠，后面的形被前面的形所遮挡
⑤透叠：形与形之间透明相交
⑥合并：两形交叠，彼此联合形成一个新的形
⑦剪切：两形相交，剪去了其中一个图形的影像成分
3、简述立体构成与平面构成的关系：（20分）
答：立体构成是由二维平面形态向三维立体空间进行的构成转换，两者之间既有联系又有差异。
它们都属于一种艺术训练形式，并且能够引导学生具备造型的观念意识，把握抽象语言的情感要领，培养现代风尚的审美情趣，这均是两者之间的内在联系。
但是，它们之间也存在着很大的区别，立体构成主要是研究三维度空间实体的构成，力学、数学、工艺、美学等方面的知识都在其中得以体现，它是艺术与科学的结合体，而平面构成所研究的则是二维视角的设计，即平面的，非立体的设计元素。