高三英语一轮语法:第01讲 名词
高三英语一轮复习语法第1讲名词的数格构词法考点讲义

高中英语语法第1讲名词1 可数名词(1)可数名词的单、复数规那么变化:为了自己(self)活命(life),小偷(thief)和他的妻子(wife)手里拿着刀子(knife)和一片树叶(leaf)站在架子(shelf)上,把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。
(2)不规那么名词的3种复数变化形式一种鱼时,其单复数形式相同。
(2)people指“人们〞时单复数同形;指“民族〞时,其复数为peoples。
(3)合成名词的2种复数形式①假设有中心词,那么把中心词变成复数;假设无中心词,那么把最终一个词变成复数。
passerby→passersby, sisterinlaw→sistersinlaw, grownup→grownups①“man/woman+n.〞变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数,如women engineers。
对点练1写出以下名词的复数形式①sheep—sheep①dish—dishes①knife—knives①story—stories①tomato—tomatoes2 不行数名词(1)常见的不行数名词一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词是不行数的,因此没有复数形式,一般也不能用a或an修饰。
通常只用作不行数的名词有:milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, orange(橙汁), meat, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
[名师点津]word意为“消息〞、room意为“空间〞、man意为“人类〞时,通常不带任何修饰词。
高中英语一轮复习语法专题名词讲解

名词一、名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
1、专有名词:主要指人名,地方,机构或者某类人或者事物的名称。
如:China, Li lei,Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写2、普通名词:是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness1〕. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指详细的人或物。
Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments也可指抽象东西。
Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream2.〕Collective Nouns: 表示假设干个个体组成的集合体Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词〔Countable Nouns〕,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词〔Uncountable Nouns〕。
常见的不可数名词:advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ,housework, equipment , absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labor, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work〔工作〕最常见的不可数名词A. Abstract 抽象名词advice 建议age 年老beauty 美丽capitalism 资本主义communism 共产主义democracy 民主energy 能源fun 乐趣happiness 幸福help 帮助honesty 老实information 信息justice 正义kindness 善knowledge 知识laughter 笑声liberty 自由life 生命、生物、活力play 玩recreation 娱乐strength 实力trouble 费事truth 真理virtue 美德wisdom 智慧work 工作youth 青年B. Matter, material 物质名词air 空气beer 啤酒blood 血液bread 面包butter 黄油cake 蛋糕chalk 粉笔cheese 奶酪coal 煤coffee 咖啡electricity 电力fog 雾fish 鱼gold 黄金grass 草hair 头发ice 冰ink 油墨iron 铁juice果汁lumber 木材meat 肉milk 牛奶oil 油oxygen 氧气paper 纸rain 雨rice 水稻smoke 烟雾snow 雪soap 肥皂soup 汤sugar 糖tea 茶water 水wine 葡萄酒wood 木C. Generic terms 属类business 商业change 零钱equipment 设备fruit 水果furniture 家具jewelry 珠宝luggage 行李machinery 机械mail 邮件money 金钱news 新闻propaganda 宣传scenery 风景slang 俚语stationery 文具traffic 交通vegetation 植被weather 天气D. Subject matter 学科architecture 建筑art 艺术chemistry 化学civics 市政学economics 经济学engineering 工程English 英语geology 地质学grammar 语法history 历史literature 文学mathematics 数学music 音乐philosophy 哲学physics 物理学science 科学technology 技术vocabulary 词汇E. Sports and recreation 运动和休闲baseball 棒球basketball 篮球bridge 桥牌camping 露营dancing 跳舞drinking 饮酒football 足球golf 高尔夫hiking 远足hockey 曲棍球homework 家庭作业hunting 狩猎opera 歌剧sailing 帆船singing 歌唱softball 垒球swimming 游泳television 电视traveling 旅行volleyball 排球F. Countable and non-countable nouns 一词多意要详细对待age 年老/年龄baseball (and other balls) 棒球〔运动〕/〔一个〕棒球〔和其他球〕beer (and other drinks) 啤酒〔物质〕/〔一杯〕啤酒〔和其他饮料〕business 商业/公司change 找零/变改company 陪伴/公司dope 毒品/傻瓜glass 玻璃/玻璃杯、眼镜iron 铁/熨斗paper 纸/文件play 玩耍/戏剧room 空间/房间smoke 烟雾/香烟tape 胶带〔材料〕/胶带物体〕tea 茶叶/下午茶work 工作/著作youth 青春/青年人3〕. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。
高考英语一轮复习课件语法部分第一讲-冠词和名词(“名词”相关文档)共9张

(2)表示某人的家或店铺、诊所等。如: H如e:wmillabcehibnaecryk, ifnuraniwtuerek, .
表示“数每量一“个一”,与 eovner同y, e义a,ch但, p其er数同的义 a(3u)d有ie些nc名e,词go只ve能rn用m复en数t,形pu式bl。ic 等。
用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、 The train arrived late on account
一份或一场等”
of a heavy snow.
用在某些抽象名词前,使其具体化
You are a great help.
2
名词
一、名词的分类及常见用法
4
二、其他需要注意的几点 1.名词的数
(1)复合名词的复数
名词的①有(2)复有主集些数体体集形名名体词式词名的(的g词r复数ow只数n能形-u用p式s,作(gloo复o-kb数eert。sw-oe如enn,:spa等csast)tel。er,s-pboylic等e, )p和eo无ple主等体。 a(如LL一 H有表TTT一(IBs表(LI一概LTH用表表T这132cuiiiivvihhhhiei''''n)))rsssss:、主示、i示、念在示示样iideeeed表 表sossawifs李李李李iisfettwttwg名体 “名 各 名 不 某 数 “的aa示示oirr某所每nlolmmmaalhhn家家家家ar词 名词自词如些量集cfsiib两某oods一有一nnyyie,laellsy的 词的拥的物“体ttttee,Mgffaa者人ohhhhe”格一个aafbgi,lrresneeeeffsoa分 的分有分质名ttrroaaa或的hh也””a,eiivravv,,与ddddvcmmyeette类 复类时类名词eehekr两家强oooo'可rrbssoii与与dderllccccaiyyi及 数及,及词有oo,nung者或烈rrtttt用llnnoooosmosaaaacfoe常 形常每常前aocccrrrrelo以店ecttrr于oe''''vneenaeeeessssrmlrwc见 式见个见表eanseelt上铺有eoo诊诊诊诊aakaww,rset.蒂,同ysnn用用名用示(isseaat共、nmm,生lp所所所所,oo,hkttaa娜e义uc法 法词法“ccg同ooofo.同诊命一ccaaohhbennkttttrcc和,mchhhh后mt义iilte所所ttnnis的种oohhhhceeeeri,gg玛p但uue都l,s..有等y等物、bbbbannr-p,TT.丽o其aaaa要sttec,。VV。体一nrrrrsrobbbb共数加e,nn在u同,阵eeeepsoop有的rrrr“a最''''等义用、'wwlssssses的..”,s后理理理理。于。e房r一发发发发名s间-个店店店店词by词较等的长)和后或无面名主加词体 注意:people 意为“民族;种族”时有单、复数形式。 ②有些集体名词只能用作单数。如:machinery, furniture,
高考英语统考一轮复习 第一章 名词参考课件 新人教版

Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
有一些鹿正在山下吃草。(deer单复数同形)
Every possible means has been tried, but none proves successful.
每一种可能的方式都尝试了,但没有一个证明是成功的。
joy
抽象名词意义 青春; 青年时期
必要性 欢乐
具体化名词意义 青年们 必需品
令人高兴的事
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. 你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。 Five hundred youths from all over the country will attend this meeting. 来自全国的五百名青年将参加本次会议。 They are failures as artists, but successes as teachers. 作为艺术家他们是失败者,但作为教师是成功者。
另外,有些抽象名词的复数形式用来表示数量之多,以示强调,如: congratulations, regards, respects, thanks, wishes, apologies, smiles, pities, fears, hopes, kindnesses等。如: I offered my congratulations on her success. 我对她的成功表示了祝贺。 He was in all smiles. 他满脸笑容。
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
3. 双重所有格 指“名词+of+名词所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。 a play of Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一个戏剧 a friend of mine我的一个朋友
2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练课件(人教版):名词

[规则感悟] 1.可数名词变复数 ①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es;以元音字母加y结尾的名词, 加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es (如果词尾-ch发音为/k/,要加-s,如stomach)。④以-o结尾加-es 的单词 有:英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes),其他多直接加-s。 ⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词,多变f或fe为v,再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词, 如:屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥大部分可数名词直接加-s。
4.Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on _p_a_s_s_e_rs_-_b_y_(passer-by). 5.We usually expect Hollywood __h_e_ro_e_s_(hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys. 6.He goes to the _b_a_r_b_e_r_’s_(barber) to have his hair cut every month.
2.名词的所有格 ⑦有生命名词,不以-s结尾的名词加-’s;以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词 都加-’。⑧无生命名词,通常用of所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式 为“名词+of+名词所有格”或者“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。
1.不规则变化的名词复数 (1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如: foot—feet脚 goose—geese鹅 tooth—teeth牙齿 mouse—mice老鼠 man—men男人 woman—women女人
高考英语一轮复习:语法基础部分词性名词课件

(二)可数名词的单复数
1.规则性变化
(1)在单数名词词尾加s map maps boy boys horse horses
(2)s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es. class classes box boxes hero heroes
【注】
以o结尾的词,变复数时加s/se.
①+s:photo→photos,piano→pianos; ②+s:potato(马铃薯)tomato(西红柿)hero(英雄) motto (黑人) volcano(火山)
①There is a table and four chairs in the room. ②Either you or he is right. ③Neither you nor I am going there.
9.主语中有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。 A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.
7.and ①连接两个名词做主语时,谓语用复数; ②两个名词构成一个整体事物时,谓语用单数。
①The teacher and his son are picking apples now ②Fish and chips is very famous food.
8.就近原则 ①There be 句型; ②either...or...或neither...nor...。
补充:就远原则
as well as;(together/along) with;rather than; except;besides;but;including;in addition to; apart from
高三英语一轮复习名词用法专题课件

名词的数
1.可数名词
一.可数名词单数变为复数的规则变化 :注意观察每组单词划线 部分的区别 1)map-maps (地图) sea-seas (海洋) girl-girls (女孩)
boy-boys (男孩)
[自我归纳]: 一般直接在该名词词尾加“_s___”
2)class-classes (课堂) box-boxes (盒子) watch-watches (手表) dish-dishes (盘子)
6. These people have made great__________(contribute) to China with their work. 7. As far as I am concerned, my__________(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese English dictionary within easy reach. 8. I took out my guidebook in which there was a lot of information about the city's well-known tourist__________(attract) and started to read. 9. The children huddled closely together for________(warm). 10. Some things looked as if they had not been cared for long time, but I knew their__________(beautiful) was still there beneath their own surface.
一轮创新思维英语(北师大)课件:语法部分 第一讲 名词和介词

答案:My soccer coach retired last week.
Ⅲ.语法填空(侧重训练名词)
WHAT DOES IT COME UNDER? If you're dieting there are certain 1. foods (food) you really have to avoid:cakes and 2. biscuits (biscuit) are out for a start,but you can't live for ever on 3.tomatoes(tomato)and oranges.There are 4. men(man) and women who spend their entire 5. lives (life) counting the calories they take in each day.Some national 6. cuisine (cuisine) make you fat.The
4.(2017·高考天津卷)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be among trees that are over 1,000 years old. 5.(2017·高考江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 6 . (2016·高 考 全 国 卷 Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia's biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top attraction (attract).
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第一讲名词考点一名词词义辨析,包括形近、同缀、意近和无关联词1.(2013·湖北高考)Poetry written from the ________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A.perspective B.priorityC.participation D.privilege解析:选A考查名词辨析。
句意:从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出了他们因为缺少归属感而带来的焦虑。
perspective“视角,观点”;priority“优先(权),优先事项”;participation“参加,参与”;privilege“特权,优惠”。
根据句意可知,A项正确。
2.(2012·湖北高考)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.A.symptom B.similarityC.sample D.shadow解析:选A考查名词辨析。
句意:定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾的征兆很重要,眼疾可能事先没有任何症状。
symptom“症状”,符合句意。
similarity“类似”;sample“样本”;shadow“阴影”。
3.(2013·辽宁高考)The accident caused some ________ to my car, but it's nothing serious.A.harm B.injuryC.ruin D.damage解析:选D考查名词辨析。
根据后面的it's nothing serious可知,造成的破坏不严重,所以不能选择ruin“毁灭,废墟”;damage意为“破坏,损坏”,意思是说破坏的程度不是很严重,往往修理之后仍然可以使用。
harm意为“伤害,损害”;injury意为“受伤害”,主要指躯体和情感上的伤害。
4.(2012·山东高考)My first ________ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.A.expression B.attentionC.satisfaction D.impression解析:选D考查名词词义辨析。
句意:他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而且有思想的年轻人。
first impression“第一印象”。
expression“表达;表情”;attention“注意”;satisfaction“满意”。
考点二名词构成的固定搭配,尤其是高频的“动词+名词”与“介词+名词”的短语搭配5.(2013·湖北高考)Carbon dioxide, which makes a ________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.A.difference B.comparisonC.connection D.barrier解析:选D考查名词辨析。
句意:二氧化碳是我们和太阳之间的一道屏障,它使大气里的热量不容易释放出去,于是地球将会变得更暖。
根据句意可知,barrier“障碍,屏障”正确。
difference“分歧,区别”;comparison“比较”;connection“联系”。
6.(2013·江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.A.share B.chanceC.turn D.lead解析:选C考查名词辨析。
根据句中的for the better可知,美国的饮食文化将向更好的方面转变,因此选turn。
share“份额”;chance“机会”;lead“榜样”。
考点三名词的一词多义与熟词新义7.(山东高考)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.A.relief B.safetyC.defense D.shelter解析:选A句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。
”所以A项意义符合句意,relief 表示“缓解,减轻,解除”。
safety表示“安全,保险”;defense 表示“防御,防护”;shelter 表示“掩蔽,保护”。
8.(2011·江西高考)What's the______,in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.themeC.object D.point解析:选D考查名词词义辨析。
句意:依你看,如果他都不努力帮他自己,那我们帮他的目的是什么呢?what's the point of...表示“……的目的(意图)是什么?”。
sympathy“同情”;theme“主题”;object“物体”,均与句意不符。
一、名词词义辨析1.形近词的词义辨析①symptom(症状)similarity(类似)sample(样本) shadow(影子)②sympathy(同情) symbol(象征,符号)symptom(症状) system(系统)③commitment(承诺,奉献) competition(竞争)ambition(野心) company(陪伴)2.相同词缀的名词辨析①expression(表达;表情) attention(注意)satisfaction(满意) impression(印象)②expectation(期望) reputation(声誉)contribution(贡献) civilization (文明)③accommodation(住宿) occupation(职业)adaptation(适应,改编) appreciation(欣赏)④equipment(设备) arrangement(安排)assessment(评估,估算) entertainment(娱乐)3.意义相近词的辨析①strength(长处) talent(天赋)ability(能力) skill(技能)②advice questionoffer idea③anger rudenessregret panic(惊慌)“Tommy, run!Be quick!The house is on fire!”the mother shouted, with panic clearly in her voice. (2011·湖北高考)“汤米,跑!快跑!房子着火了!”妈妈大声喊道。
她的声音里显然带着恐慌。
4.无一定关联性的名词词义辨析①curiosity(好奇) satisfaction(满意)envy(羡慕) patience(耐心)②difference comparison(比较)connection barrier(屏障,障碍)③luck valuetime factWhenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.(2013·江西高考)无论什么时候我犯了错误,老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。
二、名词的固定搭配1.动词have, take, make, pay, play, put, give等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好名声have a feeling of 有……感觉have access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用,趁……之机take a turn 转变get relief 得到缓解The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(江苏高考)这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物,因此享有较高声誉。
2.介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在进行中out of touch 与……无联系beyond recognition 辨认不出来The Harry Potter books are quite popular, they are in great demand in this city.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)《哈利·波特》系列图书很受欢迎,在这座城市的需求量很大。
三、抽象名词具体化1.表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考到的有It's a good feeling福建高考) 对于人们来说,欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。
2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词—You should never put drinks near a phone.——我把茶杯碰倒了,它落在了那部手机上。
——你决不该把饮料放到手机附近。
1.(2014·荆州质检)The notes for vocabulary are very exact, which could help readers to break the language ________ directly and effectively.A.regulation B.conventionC.pattern D.barrier解析:选D句意:词汇的注释非常精确,能够直接有效地帮助读者打破语言障碍。
regulation“规则,条例”;convention“惯例,常规”;pattern“模式,方式”;barrier“障碍”。
根据句意可知D项正确。
2.Diplomatic ________ have been more frequent in recent years, but these troubles cannot make up major obstacles to China's further rise.A.privileges B.disputesC.services D.immunities解析:选B句意:近年来,外事争端更频繁,但这些麻烦事并不能构成中国未来崛起的主要障碍。