第五版UN38.3(ST／SG／AC.10／11／Rev.5)标准及测试浅析

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化学品物理危险性鉴定与分类

化学品物理危险性鉴定与分类广州合成材料研究院有限公司，原名为化学工业部合成材料老化研究所，现隶属于中国化工集团。

广州合成材料研究院是化学工业合成材料老化质量监督检验中心、广东省质量监督涂料产品检验站、广东省质量监督化学试剂检验站三个机构的依托单位，均是具有第三方公正地位的法定质量监督检验机构。

其中化学品危险性分类鉴定实验室专门从事化学品物理危险性鉴定与分类管理工作，是华南地区化学品危险性鉴定检测手段最齐全的实验室。

本单位的检测能力如下表，有：1、出具货物运输条件鉴定书2、化学品危险性鉴定与分类3、化学品安全技术说明书（MSDS）4、锂电池检测5、感染性物质包装检测陈工：159********，020-********化学品危险性鉴定与分类闪点闪点的测定快速平衡闭杯法ISO 3679-2004化学品理化性质闪点闪点EC440-2008.A.9自燃温度固体相对自燃温度EC440-2008 A.16熔点化学品测试方法102熔点/熔点范围（国家环境保护总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7）OECD化学品测试准则102 熔点/熔点范围EC440-2008 A.1熔点/冰点沸点化学品测试方法103沸点（国家环保总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7）沸点OECD化学品测试准则103沸点EC440-2008 A.2相对密度（固体/液体）化学品测试方法109液体和固体密度（国家环保总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7OECD化学品测试准则109液体和固体密度相对密度EC440-2008 A.3蒸气压蒸气压EC761-2009 A.4蒸气压OECD 化学品测试准则104化学品测试方法104蒸气压（国家环保总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7）表面张力表面张力EC440-2008 A.5水溶液的表面张力OECD化学品测试准则115化学品测试方法115水溶液的表面张力（国家环保总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7）表面及界面张力测定方法SY/T5370-1999分配系数（正辛醇/水）—摇瓶法分配系数EC440-2008 A.8OECD化学品测试准则107分配系数（正辛醇/水）—摇瓶法化学品理化性质分配系数（正辛醇/水）—摇瓶法化学品测试方法107分配系数（正辛醇/水）—摇瓶法（国家环保总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7）水溶解度水溶解度EC440-2008 A.6水溶解度OECD化学品测试准则105化学品测试方法105 水溶解度（国家环保总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7）化学品水溶解度试验GB/T 21845-2008固态和液态物质的脂溶性—烧瓶法OECD化学品测试准则116固态和液态物质的脂溶性烧瓶法化学品测试方法116固态和液态物质的脂溶性烧瓶法（国家环保总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7）液体的粘度OECD化学品测试准则114液体的粘度化学品测试方法114 液体的粘度（国家环保总局2004，ISBN7-80163-712-7）热分析热分析聚合物转变温度测试方法ASTM D3418 - 12e1物质热稳定性的热分析试验方法GB/T 13464-2008危险化学品分类第1类爆炸品热稳定性筛选联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书试验和标准手册》ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5（简称：试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5）附录6化学物质的热稳定性测定差示扫描量热法GB/T 22232-2008对撞击的敏感度试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 13.4.6试验3(a)(六)危险品爆炸品撞击感度试验方法GB/T 21567-2008摩擦的敏感度试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 13.5.3试验3(b)(四)危险品爆炸品摩擦感度试验方法GB/T 21566-2008物质的热稳定性试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 13.6.1试验3(c)民用爆炸品危险货物危险特性检验安全规范GB 19455-2004危险化学品分类第1类爆炸品对火烧的反应试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 13.7.1试验3(d)危险品小型燃烧试验方法GB/T 21580-2008克南试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 11.5.1Test 1(b)/12.5.1 试验2(b)危险品克南试验方法GB/T 21578-2008时间/压力试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 11.6.1Test 1(c)(i)/12.6.1 试验2(c)(i)危险品时间/压力试验方法GB/T 21579-2008危险化学品分类第2类气体气体燃烧极限联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书规章范本》(17th)ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.17（以下简称：规章范本(17th)ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.17）2.2章空气中可燃气体爆炸极限测定方法GB/T 12474-2008喷雾剂点火距离试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 31.4危险品喷雾剂点火距离试验方法GB/T 21630-2008气雾剂易燃性试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 31.6危险品喷雾剂泡沫可燃性试验方法GB/T 21632-2008封闭空间点火试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 31.5封闭空间点火试验危险品喷雾剂封闭空间点燃试验方法GB/T 21631-2008危险化学品分类第3类易燃液体闭杯闪点闪点的测定快速平衡闭杯法GB/T 5208-2008危险品易燃液体闭杯闪点试验方法GB/T 21615-2008 （初）沸点化学试剂沸点测定通用方法GB/T 616-2006溶剂分离试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 32.5试验L.1危险品易燃黏性液体溶剂分离试验方法GB/T 21624-2008 持续燃烧试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 32.5试验L.2危险品易燃液体持续燃烧试验方法GB/T 21622-2008粘度(用流出时间表示)试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 32.4.3危险品易燃黏性液体黏度试验方法GB/T 21623-2008危险化学品分类第4类4.1项易燃固体、自反应物质、减敏的爆炸品初步甄别试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 33.2.1.4.3.1易燃固体危险货物危险特性检验安全规范GB19521.1-2004燃烧速率试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 33.2.1.4.3.2危险品易燃固体燃烧速率试验方法GB/T21618-2008自反应物质初步筛选试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5附录6化学物质的热稳定性测定差示扫描量热法GB/T 22232-2008时间/压力试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 23.4.1试验C.1（时间/压力试验）爆燃试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 23.4.2试验C.2克南试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 25.4.1试验E.1（克南试验）有机过氧化物危险货物危险特性检验安全规范GB 19521.12-2004荷兰压力容器试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 25.4.2试验E.2（荷兰压力容器试验）有机过氧化物危险货物危险特性检验安全规范GB 19521.12-2004危险化学品分类第4类4.2项易于自燃的物质发火固体试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 33.3.1.4试验N.2（发火固体的试验方法）危险品易燃固体自燃试验方法GB/T 21611-2008发火液体试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 33.3.1.5试验N.3（发火液体的试验方法）自发热物质试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 33.3.1.6试验N.4（自热物质的试验方法）危险品易燃固体自热试验方法GB/T 21612-2008危险化学品分类第4类4.3项遇水放出易燃气体的物质遇水放出易燃气体的物质试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 33.4.1.4试验N.5（遇水放出易燃气体的物质的试验方法）危险品易燃固体遇水放出易燃气体试验方法GB/T 21619-2008危险化学品分类第5类5.1项氧化性物质氧化性固体试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 34.4.1试验O.1（氧化性固体的试验）危险品固体氧化性试验方法GB/T 21617-2008氧化性液体试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 34.4.2试验O.2（氧化性液体的试验）危险品液体氧化性试验方法GB/T 21620-2008危险化学品分类第5类5.2项有机过氧化物时间/压力试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 23.4.1试验C.1（时间/压力试验）爆燃试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 23.4.2试验C.2克南试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 25.4.1试验E.1（克南试验）克南试验有机过氧化物危险货物危险特性检验安全规范GB 19521.12-2004荷兰压力容器试验试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 25.4.2试验E.2（荷兰压力容器试验）有机过氧化物危险货物危险特性检验安全规范GB 19521.12-2004危险化学品分类第7类放射性物质辐射水平（即剂量当量率）环境地表γ辐射剂量率测定规范GB/T 14583-1993电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准GB18871-2002危险化学品分类第8类腐蚀性物质对金属的腐蚀试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 37.4 试验C.1危险品金属腐蚀性的试验方法GB/T 21621-2008非外溢型蓄电池—振动规章范本ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.17 （17th）UN2800的特殊规定238(a)非外溢型蓄电池—压差规章范本ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.17 （17th）UN2800的特殊规定238(a)非外溢型蓄电池—55℃漏液规章范本ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.17 （17th）UN2800的特殊规定238(b)危险化学品分类第9类杂项（磁性物质、锂电池）磁性物质国际航空运输协会(IATA) 《危险品规则》(55th) 包装说明953危险品磁性试验方法GB/T21565-2008锂电池—高度模拟试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 38.3 试验T.1锂电池—热测试试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 38.3 试验T.2锂电池—振动试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 38.3 试验T.3锂电池—冲击试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 38.3 试验T.4锂电池—外短路试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 38.3 试验T.5危险化学品分类第9类杂项（磁性物质、锂电池）锂电池—碰撞试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 38.3 试验T.6 锂电池—过充电试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 38.3 试验T.7 锂电池—强制放电试验和标准手册ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5 38.3 试验T.8 锂电池—1.2m跌落试验规章范本ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.17 3.3章188条款危险品包装跌落试验方法GB/T 21599-2008锂电池组危险货物危险特性检验安全规范全部项目锂电池组危险货物危险特性检验安全规范GB 19521.11-2005喷雾剂燃烧热试验方法喷雾剂燃烧热试验危险品喷雾剂燃烧热试验方法GB/T 21614-2008涂料危险货物危险特性检验安全规范全部项目涂料危险货物危险特性检验安全规范GB 21177-2007筛分程序危险货物一览表中列名物质直接分类危险货物品名表GB 12268-2012铁路危险货物品名表（2009版）危险化学品名录（2002版）化学品分类和危险性公示通则GB 13690-2009危险货物分类和品名编号GB 6944-2012铁路危险货物分类试验方法TB/T 2688-1996货物分类水路包装危险货物运输规则汽车运输危险货物运输规则联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书规章范本》（17th）ST/SG/AC.10/1/REV.17国际海事组织《国际海运危险货物规则》（IMDG CODE）36-12 国际航空运输协会（IATA）《危险品规则》（55th）散装固体货物固体散装货物适运水份极限《国际海运固体散装货物规则》附录2 试验室测试程序、相关器具和标准 1.2、1.2固体散装货物含水量《国际海运固体散装货物规则》附录2 试验室测试程序、相关器具和标准 1.1.4.4感染性物质的包装部分项目《危险物品安全航空运输技术细则》2013-2014版第 6 部分包装术语、标记、要求和试验：第 4 章包装性能试验、第6章A类感染性物质的包装国际航空运输协会(IATA) 《危险品规则》(55th) 6.5 A级感染性物质包装、6.3.5内压试验、包装说明620、包装说明650联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书规章范本》(17th)ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.17 -6.3、6.1.5移动电话用锂离子蓄电池及蓄电池组部分项目移动电话用锂离子蓄电池及蓄电池组总规范GB/T 18287-2013出师表两汉：诸葛亮先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。

nu38.3标准 -回复

nu38.3标准-回复什么是nu38.3标准？NU38.3标准是指中国国家标准GB/T 12402-2018中的一个部分，旨在规范化和标准化特定产品或系统的要求和技术规范。

NU38.3标准主要适用于发电机组及其配套控制设备，以确保其安全稳定地运行。

第一步：了解NU38.3标准的背景和目的NU38.3标准的制定背景是为了解决发电机组在使用过程中可能出现的一系列问题，并提供一套标准化的要求，以确保发电机组的正常运行和安全性。

标准的主要目的是保障人员和设备的安全，提高设备的可靠性和稳定性，并规范发电机组的设计、制造和运行过程。

第二步：了解NU38.3标准的适用范围及技术要求NU38.3标准适用于各种类型的发电机组，包括燃气发电机组、燃油发电机组、汽轮发电机组等。

标准规定了发电机组的基本要求、技术规范、性能测试和检验方法等内容。

标准要求发电机组必须符合国家相关的安全规定和技术标准，并具备以下特点和功能：1. 发电机组应具备可靠性高、稳定性好、响应速度快等特点，以适应电能需求的变化和应急情况。

2. 发电机组应具备自动监测、报警、保护和控制功能，以及远程监控和集中管理的能力。

3. 发电机组应能自动启动、停止、切换和并联运行，以满足电网的要求和用户的需求。

4. 发电机组应具备低噪音、低振动、低污染的特点，以保护环境和降低对周围环境的影响。

第三步：了解NU38.3标准的遵循和认证为确保发电机组符合NU38.3标准的要求，制造商需要按照相关的规定和流程进行设计、制造、检验和测试。

发电机组必须经过严格的质量控制和性能测试，以确保其功能和性能符合标准的要求。

同时，为了给用户提供可靠的产品和服务，标准还规定了对发电机组的售后服务和维护要求。

制造商和运营商应建立健全的质量保证体系和售后服务体系，确保发电机组在使用中能够得到及时的维修和维护。

第四步：总结和展望NU38.3标准的制定和实施对于保障发电机组的安全运行和提高能源利用效率具有重要意义。

UN38.3标准

STSecretariatUNITEDNATIONSDistr.GENERALST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.218 January 2001ENGLISHOriginal : ENGLISH AND FRENCHCOMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE TRANSPORTOF DANGEROUS GOODSREPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF EXPERTSON ITS TWENTY FIRST SESSION(Geneva, 4-13 December 2000)Addendum 2Annex 4Amendments to the third revised edition of the Recommendations on the Transport of DangerousGoods, Manual of Test and CriteriaThis annex contains amendments to the third revised edition of the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.3), adopted by the Committee at its twenty-first session.GE.00-ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2page 2AMENDMENTS TO THE THIRD REVISED EDITION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS, MANUAL OF TESTS AND CRITERIA(Refer to ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.3)Replace section 38.3 of the Manual of Test and Criteria by the following:"38.3Lithium batteries38.3.1PurposeThis section presents the procedures to be followed for the classification of lithium cells and batteries (see UN Nos. 3090 and 3091, and the applicable special provisions of Chapter 3.3 of the Model Regulations).38.3.2Scope38.3.2.1Lithium cells and batteries shall be subjected to the tests, as required by special provisions 188 and 230 of Chapter 3.3 of the Model Regulations prior to the transport of a particular cell or battery type. Lithium cells or batteries which differ from a tested type by:(a) A change of more than 0.1 g or 20% by mass, whichever is greater, to the cathode,to the anode, or to the electrolyte; or(b) A change that would materially affect the test results,shall be considered a new type and shall be subjected to the required tests. In the event that a lithium cell or battery type does not meet one or more of the test requirements, steps shall be taken to correct the deficiency or deficiencies that caused the failure before such cell or battery type is retested.38.3.2.2For the purposes of classification, the following definitions apply:Aggregate lithium content means the sum of the grams of lithium content or lithium equivalent content contained by the cells comprising a battery.Battery means one or more cells which are electrically connected together by permanent means, including case, terminals, and markings.NOTE: Units that are commonly referred to as "battery packs" having the primary function of providing a source of power to another piece of equipment are for purposes of these Regulations treated as batteries. Button cell or battery means a round small cell or battery when the overall height is less than the diameter. Cell means a single encased electrochemical unit (one positive and one negative electrode) which exhibits a voltage differential across its two terminals. Under these Regulations, to the extent the encased electrochemical unit meets the definition of "cell" herein, it is a "cell", not a "battery", regardless of whether the unit is termed a "battery" or a "single cell battery" outside of these Regulations. Component cell means a cell contained in a battery.Cycle means one sequence of fully charging and fully discharging a rechargeable cell or battery.ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2page 3Disassembly means a vent or rupture where solid matter from any part of a cell or battery penetrates a wire mesh screen (annealed aluminium wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm and grid density of 6 to 7 wires per cm) placed 25 cm away from the cell or battery.Effluent means a liquid or gas released when a cell or battery vents or leaks.Equivalent lithium content is defined in the definition of lithium content.First cycle means the initial cycle following completion of all manufacturing processes.Fully charged means a rechargeable cell or battery which has been electrically charged to its design rated capacity.Fully discharged means either:a primary cell or battery which has been electrically discharged to remove 100% of itsrated capacity; ora rechargeable cell or battery which has been electrically discharged to its endpoint voltageas specified by the manufacturer.Large battery means a battery in which the aggregate lithium content of all anodes, when fully charged, is more than 500 g.Large cell means a cell in which the lithium content or lithium equivalent content of the anode, when fully charged, is more than 12 g.Leakage means the escape of material from a cell or battery.Lithium content is applied to lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries, and for a cell means the mass of lithium in the anode of a lithium metal or lithium alloy cell, which for a primary cell is measured when the cell is in an undischarged state and for a rechargeable cell is measured when the cell is fully charged. The lithium content of a battery equals the sum of the grams of lithium content contained in the component cells of the battery.Lithium-equivalent content is applied to lithium-ion cells and batteries, and for a cell is measured as 0.3 times the rated capacity of the cell in ampere-hours, with the result expressed in grams.The lithium- equivalent content of a battery equals the sum of the grams of lithium-equivalent content contained in the component cells of the battery.Lithium-ion cell or battery means a rechargeable electrochemical cell or battery in which the positive and negative electrodes are both intercalation compounds (intercalated lithium exists in an ionic or quasi-atomic form with the lattice of the electrode material) constructed with no metallic lithium in either electrode. A lithium polymer cell or battery that uses lithium-ion chemistries, as described herein, is regulated as a lithium-ion cell or battery.Mass loss means a loss of mass that exceeds the values in table 1 below. In order to quantify the mass loss, the following procedure is provided.ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2 page 4Mass loss (%) =(M- M)M121×100where M1 is the mass before the test and M2 is the mass after the test. When mass loss does not exceed the values in table 1, it shall be considered as "no mass loss".Table 1: Mass loss limitMass M of cell or battery Mass loss limitM < 1 g0.5 %1 g< M < 5g0.2 %M≥ 5 g0.1 %Primary means a cell or battery which is not designed to be electrically charged or recharged.Prismatic cell or battery means a cell or battery whose ends are similar, equal and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.Protective devices means devices such as fuses, diodes and current limiters which interrupt the current flow, block the current flow in one direction or limit the current flow in an electrical circuit.Rated capacity means the capacity, in ampere-hours, of a cell or battery as measured by subjecting it to a load, temperature and voltage cut-off point specified by the manufacturer.Rechargeable means a cell or battery which is designed to be electrically recharged.Rupture means the mechanical failure of a cell container or battery case induced by an internal or external cause, resulting in exposure or spillage but not ejection of solid materials.Short circuit means a direct connection between positive and negative terminals of a cell or battery that provides a virtual zero resistance path for current flow.Small battery means a battery composed of small cells, and in which the aggregate lithium content of all cell anodes, when fully charged, is not more than 500 g.Small cell means a cell in which the lithium content of the anode, when fully charged, is not more than 12 g.Type means a particular electrochemical system and physical design of cells or batteries.Undischarged means a primary cell or battery that has not been wholly or partly discharged.Venting means the release of excessive internal pressure from a cell or battery in a manner intended by design to preclude rupture or disassembly.38.3.3 When a cell or battery type is to be tested under this sub-section, the number and condition of cells and batteries of each type to be tested are as follows:(a)When testing primary cells and batteries under tests 1 to 5, the following shall betested:ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2page 5(i)ten cells in undischarged states,(ii) ten cells in fully discharged states,(iii) four batteries in undischarged states, and(iv) four batteries in fully discharged states.(b)When testing rechargeable cells and batteries under tests 1 to 5 the following shallbe tested:(i) ten cells, at first cycle, in fully charged states,(ii) ten cells, at first cycle, in fully discharged states,(iii)four batteries, at first cycle, in fully charged states,(iv)four batteries, at first cycle, in fully discharged states,(v)four batteries after fifty cycles ending in fully charged states, and(vi)four batteries after fifty cycles ending in fully discharged states.(c) When testing primary and rechargeable cells under test 6, the following shall betested:(i) for primary cells, five cells in undischarged states and five cells in fullydischarged states,(ii) for component cells of primary batteries, five cells in undischarged states andfive cells in fully discharged states,(iii) for rechargeable cells, five cells at first cycle at 50% of the design ratedcapacity and five cells after 50 cycles ending in fully discharged states, and (iv) for component cells of rechargeable batteries, five cells at first cycle at 50%of the design rated capacity and five cells after 50 cycles ending in fullydischarged states.For prismatic cells, ten test cells are required for each of the states of charge beingtested, instead of the five described above, so that the procedure can be carried outon five cells along the longitudinal axes and, separately, five cells along the otheraxes. In every case, the test cell is only subjected to one crush.(d)When testing rechargeable batteries under test 7, the following shall be tested:(i)four rechargeable batteries, at first cycle, in fully charged states, and(ii) four rechargeable batteries after fifty cycles ending in fully charged states.(e)When testing primary and rechargeable cells under test 8, the following shall betested:(i) ten primary cells in fully discharged states,(ii) ten rechargeable cells, at first cycle in fully discharged states, and(iii) ten rechargeable cells after fifty cycles ending in fully discharged states. When batteries that have passed all applicable tests are electrically connected to form a battery assembly in which the aggregate lithium content of all anodes, when fully charged, is more than 500 g, that battery assembly does not need to be tested if it is equipped with a system capable of monitoring the battery assembly and preventing short circuits, or over discharge between the batteries in the assembly and any overheat or overcharge of the battery assembly.ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2page 638.3.4 ProcedureEach cell and battery type must be subjected to tests 1 to 8. Tests 1 to 5 must be conducted in sequence on the same cell or battery. Tests 6 and 8 should be conducted using not otherwise tested cells or batteries. Test 7 may be conducted using undamaged batteries previously used in Tests 1 to 5 for purposes of testing on cycled batteries.38.3.4.1 Test 1: Altitude simulation38.3.4.1.1PurposeThis test simulates air transport under low-pressure conditions.38.3.4.1.2Test procedureTest cells and batteries shall be stored at a pressure of 11.6 kPa or less for at least six hours at ambient temperature (20 ± 5 °C).38.3.4.1.3 RequirementCells and batteries meet this requirement if there is no mass loss, no leakage, no venting, no disassembly, no rupture and no fire and if the open circuit voltage of each test cell or battery after testing is not less than 90% of its voltage immediately prior to this procedure. The requirement relating to voltage is not applicable to test cells and batteries at fully discharged states.38.3.4.2 Test 2: Thermal test38.3.4.2.1PurposeThis test assesses cell and battery seal integrity and internal electrical connections. The test is conducted using rapid and extreme temperature changes.38.3.4.2.2 Test procedureTest cells and batteries are to be stored for at least six hours at a test temperature equal to 75 ± 2 °C, followed by storage for at least six hours at a test temperature equal to - 40 ± 2 °C. The maximum time interval between test temperature extremes is 30 minutes. This procedure is to be repeated 10 times, after which all test cells and batteries are to be stored for 24 hours at ambient temperature (20 ± 5 °C.). For large cells and batteries the duration of exposure to the test temperature extremes should be at least 12 hours.38.3.4.2.3RequirementCells and batteries meet this requirement if there is no mass loss, no leakage, no venting, no disassembly, no rupture and no fire and if the open circuit voltage of each test cell or battery after testing is not less than 90% of its voltage immediately prior to this procedure. The requirement relating to voltage is not applicable to test cells and batteries at fully discharged states.38.3.4.3 Test 3: Vibration38.3.4.3.1PurposeST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2page 7This test simulates vibration during transport.38.3.4.3.2Test procedureCells and batteries are firmly secured to the platform of the vibration machine without distorting the cells in such a manner as to faithfully transmit the vibration. The vibration shall be a sinusoidal waveform with a logarithmic sweep between 7 Hz and 200 Hz and back to 7 Hz traversed in 15 minutes. This cycle shall be repeated 12 times for a total of 3 hours for each of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions of the cell. One of the directions of vibration must be perpendicular to the terminal face.The logarithmic frequency sweep is as follows: from 7 Hz a peak acceleration of 1 g n is maintained until 18 Hz is reached. The amplitude is then maintained at 0.8 mm (1.6 mm total excursion) and the frequency increased until a peak acceleration of 8 g n occurs (approximately 50 Hz). A peak acceleration of 8 g n is then maintained until the frequency is increased to 200 Hz.38.3.4.3.3RequirementCells and batteries meet this requirement if there is no mass loss, no leakage, no venting, no disassembly, no rupture and no fire and if the open circuit voltage of each test cell or battery after testing is not less than 90% of its voltage immediately prior to this procedure. The requirement relating to voltage is not applicable to test cells and batteries at fully discharged states.38.3.4.4 Test 4: Shock38.3.4.4.1PurposeThis test simulates possible impacts during transport.38.3.4.4.2Test procedureTest cells and batteries shall be secured to the testing machine by means of a rigid mount which will support all mounting surfaces of each test battery. Each cell or battery shall be subjected to a half-sine shock of peak acceleration of 150 g n and pulse duration of 6 milliseconds. Each cell or battery shall be subjected to three shocks in the positive direction followed by three shocks in the negative direction of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions of the cell or battery for a total of 18 shocks. However, large cells and large batteries shall be subjected to a half-sine shock of peak acceleration of 50 g n and pulse duration of 11 milliseconds. Each cell or battery is subjected to three shocks in the positive direction followed by three shocks in the negative direction of each of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions of the cell for a total of 18 shocks.38.3.4.4.3RequirementCells and batteries meet this requirement if there is no mass loss, no leakage, no venting, no disassembly, no rupture and no fire and if the open circuit voltage of each test cell or battery after testing is not less than 90% of its voltage immediately prior to this procedure. The requirement relating to voltage is not applicable to test cells and batteries at fully discharged states.38.3.4.5 Test 5: External short circuit38.3.4.5.1 PurposeST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2page 8This test simulates an external short circuit.38.3.4.5.2 Test procedureThe cell or battery to be tested shall be temperature stabilized so that its external case temperature reaches 55 ± 2 °C and then the cell or battery shall be subjected to a short circuit condition with a total external resistance of less than 0.1 ohm at 55 ± 2 °C. This short circuit condition is continued for at least one hour after the cell or battery external case temperature has returned to 55 ± 2 °C. The cell or battery must be observed for a further six hours for the test to be concluded.38.3.4.5.3 RequirementCells and batteries meet this requirement if their external temperature does not exceed 170 °C and there is no disassembly, no rupture and no fire within six hours of this test.38.3.4.6 Test 6: Impact38.3.4.6.1 PurposeThis test simulates an impact.38.3.4.6.2 Test procedureThe test sample cell or component cell is to be placed on a flat surface. A 15.8 mm diameter bar is to be placed across the centre of the sample. A 9.1 kg mass is to be dropped from a height of 61 ± 2.5 cm onto the sample.A cylindrical or prismatic cell is to be impacted with its longitudinal axis parallel to the flat surface and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the 15.8 mm diameter curved surface lying across the centre of the test sample. A prismatic cell is also to be rotated 90 degrees around its longitudinal axis so that both the wide and narrow sides will be subjected to the impact. Each sample is to be subjected to only a single impact. Separate samples are to be used for each impact.A coin or button cell is to be impacted with the flat surface of the sample parallel to the flat surface and the 15.8 mm diameter curved surface lying across its centre.38.3.4 6.3 RequirementCells and component cells meet this requirement if their external temperature does not exceed 170 °C and there is no disassembly and no fire within six hours of this test.38.3.4.7 Test 7: Overcharge38.3.4.7.1 PurposeThis test evaluates the ability of a rechargeable battery to withstand an overcharge condition.ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2page 938.3.4.7.2 Test procedureThe charge current shall be twice the manufacturer's recommended maximum continuous charge current. The minimum voltage of the test shall be as follows:(a)when the manufacturer's recommended charge voltage is not more than 18V, theminimum voltage of the test shall be the lesser of two times the maximum chargevoltage of the battery or 22V.(b)when the manufacturer's recommended charge voltage is more than 18V, theminimum voltage of the test shall be 1.2 times the maximum charge voltage.Tests are to be conducted at ambient temperature. The duration of the test shall be 24 hours.38.3.4.7.3 RequirementRechargeable batteries meet this requirement if there is no disassembly and no fire within seven days of the test.38.3.4.8 Test 8: Forced discharge38.3.4.8.1 PurposeThis test evaluates the ability of a primary or a rechargeable cell to withstand a forced discharge condition.38.3.4.8.2 Test procedureEach cell shall be forced discharged at ambient temperature by connecting it in series with a 12 V D.C. power supply at an initial current equal to the maximum discharge current specified by the manufacturer.The specified discharge current is to be obtained by connecting a resistive load of the appropriate size and rating in series with the test cell. Each cell shall be forced discharged for a time interval (in hours) equal to its rated capacity divided by the initial test current (in Ampere).38.3.4.8.3 RequirementPrimary or rechargeable cells meet this requirement if there is no disassembly and no fire within seven days of the test."._______________。

UN38.3《ST_SG_AC.10_11_Rev.6_Amendment1》标准浅析

UN38.3《ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.6 / Amendment 1》标准浅析发布时间：2021-03-16T11:39:46.203Z 来源：《中国科技信息》2021年2月作者：李春南[导读] 随着可充电式锂电池的电子产品的普及,市场对含锂电池货物的运输需求日益增长，UN38.3一直是锂电池空运、海运和陆运的通用测试标准，文章介绍了UN38.3的八大测试项目分别为：Test1高度模拟、Test2热冲击测试、Test3振动试验、Test4冲击试验、Test5外部短路、Test6撞击试验、Test7过充电试验、Test8强制放电试验.帮助客户了解UN38.3的测试,以满足客户对含锂电池货物的广东产品质量监督检验研究院李春南摘要：随着可充电式锂电池的电子产品的普及,市场对含锂电池货物的运输需求日益增长，UN38.3一直是锂电池空运、海运和陆运的通用测试标准，文章介绍了UN38.3的八大测试项目分别为：Test1高度模拟、Test2热冲击测试、Test3振动试验、Test4冲击试验、Test5外部短路、Test6撞击试验、Test7过充电试验、Test8强制放电试验.帮助客户了解UN38.3的测试,以满足客户对含锂电池货物的运输需求,确保航空运输安全。

结合日常检测结果分析了UN38.3中不合格项目产生的原因。

关键词：锂电池；运输安全；短路；重物冲击锂电池运输安全一直备受关注，2016年2月22日国际民航组织ICAO理事会通过提案：禁止客机运输锂离子电池（UN3480），该临时禁令从2016年4月１日开始执行，至此客机将停止运输包括锂离子电池和锂金属电池在内所有的单独锂电池。

只能使用货机运输的锂电池仍需符合联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书试验和标准手册》中的UN38.3的要求。

“试验和标准手册”的UN38.3一直是锂电池空运、海运和道路运输的通用测试标准，最新的UN38.3第6版修订1版本出来之后陆续将以最新的标准作为测试要求，本文由UN38.3第6版修订1主要变更内容、解析Test 1到Test 8测试方法及测试过程出现不合格的原因分析、测试过程出现不合格及整改措施三方面构成。

UN38.3 4-5版本对比

电池UN38.3测试、锂电池UN38.3检测、UN38.3深圳认证中心UN38.3 新版本(Rev.5)发布及其内容介绍United Nations《关于危险货物运输的建议书试验和标准手册》(Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Manual of Tests and Criteria) Rev.5版本已于2009年12月31日发布，其将取代现行的版本Rev.4-2003。

据相关消息，部分国家和地区运输监管部门已开始使用该新版本，但也有部分地区将于2011年1月1日开始施行。

在新版本《试验和标准手册》里面，其中的第38.3节针对锂金属和锂离子电池的检测要求还是有比较大的改动。

与UN38.3的原版本Rev.4-2003 相比，新版本的主要改动内容如下：1. 对于大型电池及电芯的定义有明显的变化：Rev.4版本中定义大型电池是指完全充电状态下阳极合计锂含量大于500g的电池。

大型电芯指完全充电时阳极锂含量或锂当量含量大于12g的电芯。

新版本Rev.5中定义大型电池为总重量大于12kg的锂金属或锂离子电池。

定义大型电芯指：对于锂金属电芯，完全充电时阳极锂含量大于12g的电芯;对于锂离子电芯，额定的瓦特小时大于150Wh的电芯。

2. 在新版本Rev.5中取消了原版本中锂当量含量的定义。

对于锂离子电池及电芯，改为采用额定瓦特小时数据来表示，额定瓦特小时定义为电池(电芯)的额定容量与额定电压的乘积。

3. 与Rev.4版本相比，新版本Rev.5中所包含的测试项目及测试方法、判定标准等内容并无变化，但各个测试项目所要求的电池或电芯数量及状态有比较大的变化，主要如下表所示：虽然新版本对测试样品数量及电池状态都有比较大的改动，但由于测试方案及方法等都没有改变，主要的测试流程也没有改变，故新版本实施起来，在测试周期上不会有明显变化。

由于目前IATA(国际航空运输协会)的51版本DGR规则中，规定了锂电池航空运输的前提条件是必须要符合UN38.3的测试要求，但DGR规则中并没有说明UN38.3的版本。

UN38.3检测项目作业指导书

作业指导书页码第 0 页共 7 页1目的规范《关于危险品货物运输建议书》第五修订版第38。

3节检测项目的操作，确保测试准确性及安全性。

2 适用范围本规程适用于在产品中作电源使用的原电池、二次电池，电芯以及电池组的(测试目的、测试方法及判定标准）。

3 参考技术规范《关于危险品货物运输建议书》第五修订版第38.3节 4 检测环境温度：20±5℃；湿度:45％RH ～75％RH ；大气压力：86kpa ～106 kpa 。

6 检测方法和步骤6。

1 准备样品，按下表的要求准备（根据电池类型确定样品数量及各测试项目需求的电池状态）不同类型电池需做的测试项目和送检数量表(表1）类型原电池可充电电池电芯电池电芯电池测试项目小电池大电池小电池大电池 T1—T510（un ） 4（un ） 4(un ） 10(ch-1) 4（ch —1） 2（ch-1） 10(dis ） 4（dis) 4（dis) 10（dis —1）4（ch-50）2（ch —25）T65圆形 or10(un) 方形 5圆形 or 10（un ）方形 5圆形 or 10（un) 方形 5圆形 or 10（50％)方形 5圆形or10(50％）方形 5圆形or10(50％)方形5圆形 or 10（dis) 方形5圆形 or 10（dis) 方形 5圆形 or 10（dis ）方形T7 / / / / 4（ch-1） 2(ch —1) 4（ch-50)2（ch —25）T810(dis)/ / 10（dis-1） / / 10(dis —50）合计40(圆形）or 50（方形）8电池8电池 35圆形or40方形电芯16电池8电池组成电芯: 10圆形or20方形组成电芯： 10圆形or20方形组成电芯:5圆形or10方形组成电芯:5圆形or10方形注：1、大电池：锂金属或锂离子电池，毛重＞ 12Kg 。

2、小电池：锂金属或锂离子电池，毛重≤ 12Kg.3、第一个交替充电放电周期：指按制造商要求的条件进行充放电一个循环。

UN38.3测试标准

测试标准UN38."3测试项目及判定测试合格标准UN38."3测试项目T.1高度模拟试验在压力≤11."6kPa，温度20±5℃的条件下，保存6小时以上，无漏液、排气、解体、破裂，燃烧。

T.2热测试在72±2℃和-40±2℃的条件下进行高低温冲击试验，在极限温度中存放时间≥6h，高低温转换时间≤30min，冲击10次，室温（20±5℃）存放24h，试验总时间至少一周T.3振动试验15min内从7Hz至200Hz完成一次往复对数扫频正弦振动，3h内完成三维方向12次振动；对数扫频为：从7赫兹开始保持1gn的最大加速度直到频率达到18赫兹。

然后将振幅保持在0."8毫米（总偏移1."6毫米）并增加频率直到最大加速度达到8gn（频率约为50赫兹）。

将最大加速度保持在8gn直到频率增加到200赫兹。

T.4冲击试验150g、6ms或50g、11ms半正弦冲击，每个安装方向进行3次，总共18次；T.5外短路试验在55±2℃、外电阻<0."1Ω条件下短路，短路时间持续到电池温度回到55±2℃后1h。

T.6碰撞试验9.1kg重物自61±2."5cm高处落于放有15."8mm圆棒的电池上，检测电池表面温度。

T.7过充电试验在2倍的最大连续充电电流和2倍的最大充电电压条件下，对电池过充24h。

T.8强制放电试验电池串连12V直流电源，以最大放电电流进行强制放电。

判定测试合格标准（a）在试验T.1至T.6中，没有发生解体或起火。

（b）在试验T.1、"T.2和T.5中，流出物不是毒性、易燃或腐蚀性物质。

1>目视观察没有看到排气或渗漏。

2>没有发生导致重量损失超过表38."3.4."7.1所示者的排气或渗漏。

（c）在试验T.3和T.6中，流出物不是毒性或腐蚀性物质。

un38.3测试标准

T1 ~ T8
T1 ~ T6和T8
UN38.3
项目/条款 Item UN38.3Rev5第五版可 T1 ~ T6和T8 充电芯试验项目电池
UN38.3Rev5+A1第五修订版修正1 T1 ~ T8（带过充保护装置电芯）
不可 T1 ~ T6和T8 充
可 T1 ~ T6和T7 充不可 T1 ~ T6和T8 充
T1 ~ T6和T8
T1 ~ T8
T1 ~ T6和T8
UN38.3
项目/条款
UN38.3Rev5第五版
UN38.3Rev5+A1第五修订版修正1 T6做撞击或挤压试验，根据电池的外形来确定。撞击-适用于直径大于20mm的圆柱形电芯挤压-适用于棱柱形、袋装、硬币/纽扣电池和直径不超过20mm的圆柱形电池带过充保护装置的可充电电芯须通过过充测试。可充电电池组的组成电芯须通过强放测试。
UN38.3
项目/条款 Item
UN38.3Rev5第五版
UN38.3Rev5+A1第五修订版修正1
可 T1 ~ T6和T8 充电芯试验项目不可 T1 ~ T6和T8 充
T1 ~ T8（带过充保护装置电芯）
T1 ~ T6和T8
可 T1 ~ T6和T7 充电池
不可 T1 ~ T6和T8 充
的专家详细解析文件请私信作者
© 1958 威凯检测技术有限公司保留所有权
UN38.3-企业关心的主要变化
电池定义
测试项目
1 4
送样数目
2 3
包装说明
UN38.3-换版的主要差异
1、明确了电池组中内置电芯就算已经通过了UN38.3，电池组本身还需要进行测试。

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项测试模拟了锂电池在运输过程中所处的环境条件及有可能遭
ＥｃｒａＡｐｉｎｅｌｔｌｐｌｃｓ１日用电器ｅｉｃａ
２１．１２０１３１
技术创新・ｅｈｏｇｄｎｏａｏＴｃｎｌｙｎｎｖｔｎｏａＩｉ
险性货物安全空运的技术说明》的最新生效版本加人了危险性
货物的Ｕ（Ｎ联合国）序列号，而锂电池将被归入锂离子电池（ＮＵ３９００和Ｕ３９）和锂金属电池（Ｎ４０和Ｕ３８）一类根Ｎ０１Ｕ３８Ｎ４１据该法规的规定，如果锂电池没有附带基于Ｕ３．的测试报告Ｎ８３
ｌ电芯（Ｏ块方形），而且划分到大电池类的可充电锂离子电池
１定义解析
第五版的Ｕ３．标准，修订了大小电芯及电池的定义，Ｎ８３
定义如下：大电池芯指满电状态下，阳极锂含量（锂金属电池）１＞２克或瓦时数（锂离子电池）１０瓦时的电池芯。＞５
相比于第四版的Ｕ３．标准，第五版的Ｕ３－标准要求Ｎ８３Ｎ８３送检的数量大大减少，以可充的锂离子小电池为例，第四版标准要求可充锂离子电池，不论大小，均需送检２块电池及１４０块电芯（圆形）或者２块电芯（形）。而第五版的标准要Ｏ方求可充的锂离子小电池需送检１块电池及５电芯（６块圆形）或
只需送检８块电池及５块电芯（圆形）或ｌ电芯（Ｏ块方形）。
由此可见，第五版的Ｕ３．标准减少了送样数量，降低了企业Ｎ８３检测的费用，并缩短了检测周期，有助于加快锂电池产品的通
关速度。
大电池指锂金属或者锂离子电池的毛重大于１ｋ。２ｇ
表１不同类型锂电池需做的测试项目和送检数量
ＴｙｅｐＰｍｒｒｉａｙＢａｔｅｅｔｒｉｓＳｍ１ａｌＬｒｅａｇＲｃａｇａｌｅｈｒｅｂｅ
Ｃ１ｅ１ＳＳａｌｍ１
Ｂｔｅｅａｔｒｉｓ
Ｔｅｔｔｍｓｉｅ
小电池芯指满电状态下，阳极锂含量（锂金属电池）≤ １２
３解析Ｔｓ～Ｔｓｅｔ１ｅｔ８测试及超大集成锂电
池测试要求
Ｕ３．标准共有８测试（ｅＮ８３项Ｔｓ１一Ｔｓ８试），这８ｔｅ测ｔ
克或瓦时数（离子电池）１０瓦时的电池芯。锂 ≤ ５小电池指锂金属或者锂离子电池的毛重小于等于１ｋ。２ｇ
专门向各航空公司及危险品相关运输单位颁发了《电池航空锂
运输规范》，以加强锂电池的运输安全。
Ｕ３．是由联合国经济及社会理事会危险货物运输专家Ｎ８３
委员会编写《关于危险品运输建议书一试验及标准手册》的第３３章节，该版本的最新有效版本为Ｓ／／Ｃ１／ｌｅ．第８ＴＳＡ．ｌ／ｖ（Ｇ０Ｒ５五版），本文从该标准的定义、不同类型电池的送检数量、８项测试项目以及电池常见不符合项几个方面解析Ｕ３．标准。Ｎ８３
２０年１１日，由国际民航组织（ＣＯ）０９月起ＩＡ颁发的《危
由此可见，大小电芯的区分是根据其阳极锂含量（锂金属电池）是否大于１ｇ２或者瓦时（离子电池）否大于锂是１０：而大小电池的区分则是根据电池重量是否大于１ｋ。５Ｗｈ２ｇ
● 标准检测认证・日用电器
第五版Ｕ３．Ｓ／ＧＡ．／ｌｅ．）Ｎ８３（ＴＳ／Ｃ１ｌ／ｖ标准及测试浅析０Ｒ５
张思瑶黄鲲何建辉叶金镇周伟建（广州威凯检测技术研究院广州５０６１６３）
摘要：国际航协（ＡＡＩＴ）发布的《险品规则》明确要求锂电池航空运输必须通过Ｕ３．准测试。本文从标准定义，样品危Ｎ８３标送检数量、测试内容以及电池常见不符合项几个方面解析Ｕ３．Ｎ８３标准。关键词：锂电池；Ｕ３．；航空运输Ｎ８３
Ｃｅ１１Ｓ
Ｌｒｅａｇ
Ｔｅｔ１～５ｓＴ
ｅｔｓ６５
１（ｎ０ｕ）１（ｉ０ｄｓ）５ｏ０（ｎｒ１ｕ）ｏ０（ｉ）ｒ１ｄｓ
４（ｎｕ）４（ｉ）ｄｓ５ｏ０（ｎｒ１ｕ）５ｏ０（ｉ）ｒ１ｄＳ
４（ｎｕ）４（ｉ）ｄＳ５ｏ０（ｎｒ１ｕ）５ｏ０（ｉ）ｒ１ｄｓ
１（ｈ０ｃ）４（来自ｃ）４（ｈ５）ｃ－０５ｏ０ｒ１（０）５％４（ｈｃ）
２ｃ）（ｈ２（ｈ２）ｃ一５５ｏ０ｒ１（０）５％２（ｈｃ）
或相关认可证书，便不能进行空运。而中国民航总局（ＡＣ）ＣＡ
２第五版Ｕ３．Ｎ８３送样要求
第五版Ｕ３．对不同种类、不同形状的电芯或电池及大Ｎ８３小电芯或电池的送检数量及测试项目都用不同的要求，具体要
求见表１。