2012博士入学考试英语作文预测
华科2012博士入学英语试题_及参考答案
华科2012博士入学英语试题及参考答案Passage 1Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities - as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming-and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.[B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.[D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minorit y businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible4 According to the text, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have[A] been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.[B] been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.[C] not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.[D] not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.5 The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should[A] avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding. 【B】concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation. [C] use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns.[D] try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on thecorporation.Passage 2Years of research had educated me about how sugar, fat, and salt change the brain. I understood some of the parallels between hyperpalatable foods and drugs of abuse, and about the links among sensory stimulation, cues, and memory. I'd met enough people like Claudia and Maria to understand how even the thought of food could cause them to lose control.But I wasn't fully prepared for the discoveries I made about irresistibility and whoosh, the Monster Thickburger and Baked! Cheetos Flamin' Hot, about indulgence and purple cows. Without necessarily understanding the underlying science, the food industry has discovered what sells.I was sitting at Chili's Grill & Bar in Chicago's O'Hare Airport waiting for a late-night flight. At a nearby table a couple in their early forties was deep into a meal. The woman was overweight, with about 180 pounds on her five-foot-four-inch frame. The Southwestern Eggrolls she had ordered were listed as a starter course, but the enormous platter in front of her had been heaped with food. The dish was described on the menu as "smoked chicken, black beans, corn, jalape?o Jack cheese, red peppers, and spinach wrapped inside a crispy flour tortilla," and it was served with a creamy avocado-ranch dipping sauce. Despite its name, the dish looked more like a burrito than an egg roll, an only-in-America fusion approach.I watched as the woman attacked her food with vigor and speed. She held the egg roll in one hand, dunked it into the sauce, and brought it to her mouth while using the fork in her other hand to scoop up more sauce. Occasionally she reached over and speared some of her companion's french fries. The woman ate steadily, working her way around the plate with scant pause for conversation or rest. When she finally paused, only a little lettuce was left.Had she known someone was watching her, I'm sure she would have eaten differently. Had she been asked to describe what she had just eaten, she probably would have substantially underestimated her consumption. And she would probably have been surprised to learn what the ingredients in her meal really were.The woman might have been interested in how my industry source, who had called sugar, fat, and salt the three points of the compass, described her entree. Deep-frying the tortilla drives down its water content from 40 percent to about 5 percent and replaces the rest with fat. "The tortilla is really going to absorb a lot of fat," he said. "It looks like an egg roll is supposed to look, which is crispy and brown on the outside."The food consultant read through other ingredients on the label, keeping up a running commentary as he did. "Cooked white meat chicken, binder added, smoke flavor. People like smoky flavor — it's the caveman in them.""There's green stuff in there," he said, noting the spinach. "That makes me feel like I'm eating something healthy.""Shredded Monterey Jack cheese.... The increase in per-capita consumption of cheese is off the chart."The hot peppers, he said, "add a little spice, but not too much to kill everything else off." He believed the chicken had been chopped and formed much like a meat loaf, with binders added, which makes those calories easy to swallow. Ingredients that hold moisture, including autolyzed yeast extract, sodium phosphate, and soy protein concentrate, further soften the food. I noticed that salt appeared eight times on the label and that sweeteners were there five times, in the form of corn-syrup solids, molasses, honey, brown sugar, and sugar."This is highly processed?" I asked."Absolutely, yes. All of this has been processed such that you can wolf it down fast...chopped up and made ultrapalatable.... Very appealing looking, very high pleasure in the food, very high caloric density. Rules out all that stuff you have to chew."By eliminating the need to chew, modern food processing techniques allow us to eat faster. "When you're eating these things, you've had 500, 600, 800, 900 calories before you know it," said the consultant. "Literally before you know it." Refined food simply melts in the mouth.1. It can be inferred from the author's description of the woman eating in paragraph four that(A) The woman prefers to eat at Chili's vs. other restaurants.(B) The woman truly enjoys the foods that she chooses to eat.(C) The woman's efficiency at cleaning her plate adds to her dining experience.(D) The author is disgusted by the woman's consumption.(E) The author believes the woman should take a course in healthy eating.2. According to the passage, the main reason people overeat is(A) because salt and sweeteners, like corn-syrup solids and brown sugar, are added to the food.(B) because we don't have to chew our food very much(C) because people like smoky flavor(D) because sugar, fat and salt change the brain(E) because we are used to eating quickly in this modern society3. The following are all ingredients in the egg rolls, EXCEPT(A) salt (B) binders (C) honey (D) spinach (E) dark meat chicken4. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage?(A) If you eat too much food too quickly, you'll gain weight and become unhealthy.(B) Because refined food is irresistible and easy to eat, it masks how unhealthy it is, leaving people unaware of the poor food choices they're making.(C) Chili's is one of the restaurants in the U.S. serving unhealthy food to consumers today.(D) Food consultants and authors are making Americans aware of their unhealthy eating habits, thus, creating healthier generations for years to come.(E) Refined foods, with salt, sugar, and fat hidden inside, are less nutritious and more damaging than whole foods.5. In the first sentence of paragraph four, the word "vigor" most nearly means(A) pleasure (B) flamboyance (C) lethargy (D) energy (E) craftinessPassage 3No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given.The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continent. Theoretically，this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a （conveyer belt）and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge.This view may be correct：it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.On the other hand，the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines，and it certainly does not occur long lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction，as the ridge is.It has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.Such a backoupling，in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it，could produce complicated and varying motionsAlso it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean.This plate is growing on both sides，and since there is no intermediate trench，the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them.An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate，which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle，pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic，where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas，such as the Sea of apan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor，except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods.These seas have a typical oceanic floor，except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins.The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth's surface and seriously require explanation because，in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs，there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin，such as the Gulf of Mexico，the Black Sea，and perhaps the NorthSea.1. According to the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basins，which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates？（A）Increases in sedimentation on ocean floors（B）Spreading of ocean trenches（C）Movement of mid-ocean ridges（D）Sinking of ocean basins（E）Differences in temperature under oceans and continents2. It can be inferred from the passage that，of the following，the deepest sediments would be found in the（A）Indian Ocean（B）Black Sea（C）Mid-Atlantic（D）South Atlantic （E）Pacific3. The author refers to a “conveyer belt ” in line 13 in order to（A）illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle（B）show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents （C）demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge（D）describe the complicated motions made possible by back-coupling（E）account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges4.According to the passage，which of the following are separated by a plate that is growing on both sides？（A）The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan（B）The South Atlantic Ridge and the North Sea Ridge（C）The Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic Ridge（D）The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge（E）The Black Sea and the Sea of Japan5. Which of the following titles would best describe the content of the passage？（A） A Description of the Oceans of the World（B）Several Theories of Ocean Basin Formation（C）The Traditional View of the Oceans（D）Convection and Ocean Currents（E）Temperature Differences Among the Oceans of the WorldPassage 4In the eighteenth century, Japan‟s feudal overlords, from the shogun (shogun: n.<日>幕府时代的将军) to the humblest samurai (samurai: n.(封建时代的)日本武士,日本陆军军官), found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords‟ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due tofactors beyond the overlords‟ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords‟ income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to ke ep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords‟ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan‟s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.Most of the country‟s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun‟s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns‟ search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.1. The passage is most probably an excerpt from(A) an economic history of Japan(B) the memoirs of a samurai warrior(C) a modern novel about eighteenth-century Japan(D) an essay contrasting Japanese feudalism with its Western counterpart(E) an introduction to a collection of Japanese folktales2. Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japan‟s Tokugaw a shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?(A) A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.(B) Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.(C) A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the owners have no credit history.(D) A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.(E) A small business is able to cut back sharply on spending through greater commercial efficiency and thereby compensate for a loss of revenue.3. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author toward the samurai discussed in lines 11-16?(A) Warmly approving(B) Mildly sympathetic(C) Bitterly disappointed(D) Harshly disdainful(E) Profoundly shocked4. The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office of tax collector(A) was a source of personal profit to the officeholder(B) was regarded with derision by many Japanese(C) remained within families (D) existed only in castle-towns(E) took up most of the officeholder‟s time5. The passage implies that which of the following was the primary reason why the Tokugawa shoguns turned to city merchants for help in financing the state?(A) A series of costly wars had depleted the national treasury.(B) Most of the country‟s wealth appeared to be in city merchants‟ hands.(C) Japan had suffered a series of economic reversals due to natural disasters such as floods.(D) The merchants were already heavily indebted to the shoguns.(E) Further reclamation of land would not have been economically advantageous.汉译英北京，7月11日-中国警方命令一个报道中国社会和经济发展超过10年的知名西方时事通刊物志停刊，该刊物的英国编辑如是说。
湖北考博英语作文
湖北考博英语作文As a student from Hubei province, I believe that pursuing a doctoral degree is a significant milestone in one's academic and professional journey. The process of preparing for the doctoral entrance exam is not easy, but it is a rewarding experience that helps to deepen one's knowledge in a specific field and develop critical thinking skills.The exam itself is a challenging test of one's academic abilities and research potential. It requires a thorough understanding of the subject matter, strong analytical skills, and the ability to articulate complex ideas clearly and concisely.In addition, the doctoral entrance exam also tests one's ability to conduct independent research and contribute original insights to the field. This is a crucial aspect of the doctoral program, as it prepares students to become experts in their chosen field and make meaningful contributions to society through their research.Overall, the process of preparing for and taking the doctoral entrance exam is a rigorous but rewarding experience that helps students to grow academically and professionally. It is a valuable opportunity to demonstrate one's knowledge, skills, and potential as a researcher, and to pursue one's passion for learning and discovery.作为湖北省的学生，我认为攻读博士学位是一个人学术和职业生涯中的重要里程碑。
博士英语统考作文模板
博士英语统考作文模板英文回答：Introduction。
The doctoral English comprehensive examination is a comprehensive assessment of a doctoral student's English proficiency. It is designed to assess the student's ability to read, write, listen, and speak English at a level thatis commensurate with the demands of graduate-level academic work.Reading Comprehension。
The reading comprehension section of the exam typically consists of several passages of text, followed by a series of questions about the content of the passages. The questions may test the student's ability to identify the main idea of a passage, to understand the author's purpose, to make inferences about the text, and to analyze theauthor's use of language.Writing。
The writing section of the exam typically consists of two essays. One essay is typically an argumentative essay, in which the student is asked to take a position on a particular issue and support their position with evidence. The other essay is typically an analytical essay, in which the student is asked to analyze a particular text or topic.Listening。
博士英语作文写什么内容
博士英语作文写什么内容Title: Exploring Effective Strategies for Writing Doctoral English Compositions。
Writing doctoral-level English compositions demands a multifaceted approach, blending linguistic proficiency with academic rigor and critical thinking. In this discourse, we delve into the essential components and effectivestrategies for crafting compelling doctoral English compositions.1. Thematic Depth and Clarity:Doctoral English compositions should showcase a profound understanding of the chosen theme or topic. Begin by conducting extensive research to gather relevant literature and scholarly sources. Synthesize these materials to develop a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Ensure that the theme is clearly defined and articulated throughout the composition. Avoid ambiguityand strive for clarity in presenting arguments and supporting evidence.2. Critical Analysis and Synthesis:Critical analysis lies at the heart of doctoral-level writing. Engage in a systematic examination of existing theories, methodologies, and empirical studies related to your topic. Evaluate the strengths and limitations of different perspectives and construct your arguments based on reasoned judgment. Synthesize diverse viewpoints to offer a nuanced interpretation of the subject matter. Incorporate original insights and contribute to the scholarly discourse within your field.3. Structural Coherence and Organization:A well-structured composition enhances readability and comprehension. Organize your writing into logical sections, including introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion. Each section should flow seamlessly into the next, guiding thereader through your argumentative framework. Usetransitional phrases and clear signposts to indicate shifts in topic or argumentation. Ensure that each paragraph contributes cohesively to the overarching narrative of your composition.4. Language Proficiency and Style:Mastery of English language conventions is paramount in doctoral writing. Demonstrate a sophisticated command of vocabulary, syntax, and grammar to convey complex ideas with precision and clarity. Strive for an academic tonethat is formal, objective, and authoritative. Avoid colloquialisms, jargon, and overly ornate language that may obscure your message. Proofread your composition meticulously to eliminate errors and refine your prose for maximum impact.5. Citation and Referencing:Accurate citation and referencing are indispensable in academic writing. Adhere to the citation styleprescribed by your institution or discipline (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Cite all sources used in your composition to give credit to the original authors and provide a scholarly basis for your arguments. Ensure consistency in formatting and follow the guidelines for in-text citations, bibliographies, and reference lists meticulously.6. Peer Review and Revision:Seek feedback from peers, mentors, or writing tutors to refine your composition further. Constructive criticism can help identify areas for improvement and strengthen your argumentation. Revise your writing iteratively, paying attention to structure, clarity, coherence, and language usage. Consider alternative perspectives and incorporate feedback judiciously to enhance the quality of your composition.In conclusion, writing doctoral-level English compositions requires a comprehensive approach encompassing thematic depth, critical analysis, structural coherence, language proficiency, citation integrity, and iterativerevision. By adhering to these effective strategies, you can elevate your writing to the highest standards of academic excellence and contribute meaningfully to your field of study.。
博士英语入学考试作文范文
范文集合Beijing’s Transportation SystemRailway transport will form the backbone of Beijing’s traffic system, and buses, including trolley buses will be the mainstay.Eight new subway lines will be built in the urban area, including one linking the city center with Capital Airport.There will be more than 650 bus lines, and the civilian parking spaces in urban areas will reach 1 and a half million.The city expects the public transportation system to carry up to 60% of daily commuters, and the average time for commuter trips within the 5th ring road will not exceed 50 minutes.The city will also upgrade the taxies. By the year 2008, over 70% of all taxis in operation will be medium and high-priced vehicles, using clean energy fuel, and all of the taxies will meet environmental standards.Car problemPrivately owned cars in large cities like Beijing are not only a headache for traffic congestion but also a vehicle for showing off, according to an article in China Youth News.The article says a major factor in traffic congestion is that many people drive their cars to work.In Japan’s capital Tokyo which has similar population as Beijing, the majority of people travel to work by subway and tram which ensures a punctual arrival at the office. But during the weekend, these people drive their cars out of the city to have a good time in the suburbs.The article says that snobbery worsens the traffic situation in Beijing. It calls for people to take public transport to work and take some measures to control the use of private cars in order to improve the traffic in Beijing.College enrollmentChina’s higher education system is organized by the government and its admissions process has been centrally operated. During the past decade, attitudes to higher education have changed, with people placing greater emphasis on attending college or university.Many people believe that higher education is indispensable for fast-tracking their career development and securing a competitive salary. And as demand for higher educationincreases, the number of privately-run colleges in the country has snowballed. Now a growing number of adult education institutes have also begun to offer further education to high school graduates.College enrollment expansion started in 1999. Before the expansion, only a small proportion of people between the ages of 18 and 22 could attend college. In 1998, fewer than 10 percent of students in this age category were accepted into further education.“The enrollment rate for schools of hig her learning now exceeds 13 percent. The enrollment expansion has helped solved the problem of the relatively small-scale higher educational sector.”To provide satisfactory study and living conditions for enlarged numbers of students, colleges have reformed their general service departments.As government-run colleges expand, many private schools have also grown intolarge-scale higher learning institutions. There are now almost 1000 public universities in the country, and an even greater number of privately-run institutions. Many of them, including the Beijing Haidian University and the Xi’an Translation College in northwest China’s Shaanxi Province, have more than 10,000 students each. In some cases, students even choose private universities over public ones. This was considered impossible in the past.Apart from colleges and universities, which specialize in both scientific research and the training of highly skilled professionals, vocational education has also witnessed rapid development over the past few years. There are now nearly 400 vocational schools in China, training over 700,000 students for a variety of skilled jobs.College enrollment rates in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are among the highest in the country. But as enrollment has grown dramatically throughout the country over the past few years, other places are starting to catch up.Their next step, according to some of the country’s most prestigious universities, such as Beijing University, is to improve their academic quality. This will allow Chinese universities to compete with the best in the world.OlympicsThe great changes made in China during the past 50 years have resulted in China becoming one of the most powerful countries in the world. Beijing is China's capital. Yet, the world understanding of Beijing lags behind; few know much about it. The Olympic Games would give Beijing a good chance to promote its image and show what China is like. An Olympic event in Beijing would be a significant breakthrough for Beijing, since China has never hosted the Olympic Games before.Hosting the Olympic Games in Beijing will certainly accelerate China's reform drive and improve Beijing's infrastructure, enhance environmental protection, and the construction of sports facilities. We are bidding for more than just one Olympic event; we are bidding topromote the Olympic spirit and world friendship. The world is looking at us and supporting us.I strongly support Beijing in bidding for the 2008 Olympics, because it will significantly influence China's political and economic life. More importantly, I hope this will encourage Beijing to improve its environment. Beijing will benefit from the publicity it will get. However, I am afraid the negative side is the financial burden it might bring to China. Rapid economic development and our huge population are Beijing's advantages, but traffic, air quality and its citizen's lifestyles may hinder Beijing's winning chances. I personally want to donate some money to the government and do more things to protect the environment.I obey the traffic rules strictly to help the traffic. I hope the whole people should be motivated and make contributions to the cause.I support Beijing's bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.We should impress the foreign guests with our hospitality, kindness and willingness to help. Despite that we speak different languages, we can always lend a helping hand anywhere on the street.OlympicsHow exciting! W hen we know that China won the bid for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, we are all beside ourselves with joy. This is a great chance and also a challenge for our country and for all of us. What can we do for this big event? Maybe everyone should think about it (it over) and get prepared for it.As for me, an ecology major, I would pay more attention to the environment. With industry developing and ecosystem destroyed, the quality of atmosphere has become worse than ever before. We must change the reality and improve it. I will try my best to ease t he environmental crisis. I will call on more and more people to join this campaign, sharing the knowledge of environment-protection, teaching people some methods, doing everything I can to protect our environment. I hope Peking will be a clean and beautiful city to welcome people all over the world in 2008To prepare for the 2008 Games, I think most of us should learn several other languages and etiquette. For Olympic Games is a big gathering, people from different countries would assemble in Peking. Only when we know some customs of their respective countries, can we take better care of them.At last, as the host of the 2008 Games, in fact each of us is the host too. We should take active part in social activities, not hesitating to give a hand for the Games. The spirit of Olympics is participation. So we should prepare for the Olympic Games from now on and from ourselves on. (259)原文How exciting when we know that China won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Game. This is a chance and a challenge for our country and all of us. What can we do for thegames? Maybe everyone should think about it and prepare for it.Regard for me, for my major is ecology, so at first I would pay more attention to the environment. With industry developing and ecosystem destroyed, the quality of atmosphere become worse than before. We must change the actuality and improve it. So I will try my best to improve the environment, I will call on more and more people join this campaign, spread the knowledge of the environment-protection, teach the method, do those things we can to protect our environment. I hope Peking will be a clear and beautiful city to welcome all over the world people in 2008.Then, prepare for the 2008 Games, I think most of us should learn several other languages and amenity as possible as we can. For Olympic Games is a broad meeting, and people came from different countries would assemble to Peking, only when we know some customs of their respective countries, we can take care of them better.At last, as the host of the 2008 Games in fact each of us is the host too, so we should zeal for social activities, not hesitate to give a hand for the Games. The spirit of Olympics is participation. So we can prepare for the Olympic Games from now on and from ourselves on. (259 words)What should we do for the 2008 Olympic GamesL ast year we succeeded in biding for the 2008 Olympic Games. We were jubilant and congratulated each other at that time. But now when we calm down, it is obvious that we are still confronted with a lot of difficulties. W hat should we do to resolve these difficulties?In the first place, it’s important to build more roads and sports facilities with high quality and speed. That is a great challenge. S ince Beijing has never hosted such a huge international event, lack of experience is a big problem. We must learn how to host Olympic Games from some experienced countries and put it into action as soon as possible.Secondly, to prevent the pollution of environment is significant. I can’t image how to play outdoor games when dust storm comes and how athletes could endure contaminated (polluted)air in Beijing. We must do our best to improve the environment, reduce automobile’s exhaust, and plant more trees and grass.Finally, we should encourage the citizens in Beijing to learn English. So that foreign athletes and tourists will get information and services conveniently, which will give them a good impression of Beijing.If we can resolve these problems, and I resolutely believe in our ability to resolve these problems, I think the 2008 Olympic Games will be an incontrovertible/ enormous success.原文At the last year we succeeded in biding the 2008 Olympic Games, we applauded and hailed each other at that time, but when we calm down, it is obvious that we still have a lotof difficulties to be confronted with, what should we do for resolving these difficulties?In the first place, it’s the most important to build Olympic venues and relevant facilities with high quality and speed. That is a great challenge since Beijing had never hosted such a huge international games, the lack of experience is a big problem. We must learn how host Olympic games from some experienced country and put it into action as soon as possible.Secondly, to prevent the pollution of environment is significant, I can’t image how to play outdoor games when dust storm is coming and how athletes endure contaminative air in beijing. We must do our best to improve environment, diminish automobile’s exhaust, carry out afforestation, and so on.Finally, citizen’s English skill should be multiplied, foreign athletes and tourists will benefit from this program, get information and services conveniently, catch good impression to beijing.If we can resolve these problems and I also resolutely believe in our ability to resolve these problems, I think the 2008 Olympic games will be a success incontrovertible.焦立男Whether to offer English coursesThere is much controversy nowadays about whether or not Ph. D students, who have been learning English for years since the middle school, need to be offered English learning course or courses. Some people say that students should not proceed with English learning at this stage. But there are others who claim that English should still be a compulsory course even for Ph. D students.Those who agree to stop English courses argue that students have been learning basic English skills for years. They have good command of grammar. Therefore, it is not necessary to waste their precious time learning English in class. Their English proficiency can be improved by reading books and journal in their fields.Those who criticize this point of view say intensive language training is still necessary. Although it is true that most of the students have studied English for more then ten years , lots of them are still shy when speaking English in public and what is worse, lots of them can not express themselves well. This greatly hinders their academic communication with foreign experts.There is certainly some truth on both sides. But in my opinion English is a very important tool for would-be scientists and a half year course will greatly benefit students’ future research.Young Students Studying AbroadFor a Chinese student, attending an overseas school can be a great opportunity to learn something. However, today some of these lucky individuals are losing sight of their main priority.An article from Worker’s Daily reveals that to cover one year’s stay in a British private middle school with on-campus housing and other living expenses, the parents who toil back at home have to set nearly 30,000 dollars aside for their children.As a consequence of Mom’s and Dad’s liberal attitude, some Chinese students emerge as weekend-movie-goers, fancy-car-owners, and frequent travelers, all at the expense of their parents. The price tags of their clothes also raise westerners’ eyebrows.Education experts have been worrying about the upshot for the "new nobles." Scant is what they learned from books, but the compulsion to spend will linger throughout the latter part of their lives.。
博士学位英语作文模板
博士学位英语作文模板英文回答：Introduction。
The global landscape of higher education is constantly evolving, with the increasing prominence of doctoral degrees in various fields. A doctoral degree, oftenreferred to as a PhD or DPhil, represents the highest level of academic achievement and signifies expertise in a specific discipline. As a research-intensive qualification, it requires candidates to undertake original andsignificant research that contributes to the existing body of knowledge.Why Pursue a Doctoral Degree?Pursuing a doctoral degree can be a transformative experience for individuals seeking to deepen their knowledge, specialize in a particular field, and contributeto the advancement of their discipline. There are several compelling reasons to consider pursuing a doctoral degree:Intellectual Growth: A doctoral program provides an unparalleled opportunity for intellectual growth and exploration. It challenges candidates to critically engage with existing theories, develop original ideas, and push the boundaries of knowledge.Research Expertise: Doctoral programs are designed to equip candidates with advanced research skills, including literature review, data analysis, and scientific reasoning. This expertise enables them to make significant contributions to their field and solve complex problems.Professional Advancement: In many fields, a doctoral degree is essential for career progression to senior positions in academia, research, and industry. It demonstrates a high level of competence and specialized knowledge that can open doors to leadership roles.Personal Fulfillment: Pursuing a doctoral degree canbe a deeply rewarding experience that brings personal fulfillment and a sense of accomplishment. It provides individuals with the opportunity to explore their passions, make a difference in their field, and leave a lasting legacy.Requirements for a Doctoral Degree。
博士考试英语作文
博士考试英语作文：探索学术之路的挑战与机遇In the journey of academic pursuit, the doctoral examination stands as a monumental milestone, marking the transition from a student to a researcher. This examination not only tests the candidate's knowledge and skills but also gauges their commitment, perseverance, and innovative thinking. As such, the doctoral examination in English Composition is a crucial component, assessing thecandidate's ability to communicate ideas and arguments effectively in the global academic community.The challenges posed by the doctoral exam in English Composition are diverse and demanding. Firstly, the exam requires a high level of language proficiency, demanding precision in vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure. Candidates must demonstrate their ability to express complex ideas and arguments clearly and coherently, while maintaining a formal and academic tone. Secondly, the exam tests the candidate's critical thinking skills, demanding a deep understanding of the topic and the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from diverse sources.This involves identifying key arguments, evaluating evidence, and formulating well-reasoned conclusions.Despite these challenges, the doctoral exam in English Composition presents numerous opportunities for growth and development. Firstly, it encourages candidates to refine their writing skills, honing their ability to communicate effectively in the academic realm. This skill is invaluable in their future careers, enabling them to publish their research, collaborate with peers, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge. Secondly, the exam fosterscritical thinking and analytical skills, equipping candidates with the ability to independently evaluate and synthesize information. This skillset is crucial in the realm of research, enabling them to identify gaps in knowledge, formulate hypotheses, and design innovative studies.Moreover, the doctoral exam in English Composition serves as a gateway to professional opportunities. A successful candidate demonstrates to potential employers or funding agencies their commitment to academic research, their proficiency in English, and their ability tocommunicate ideas effectively. This can lead to opportunities for academic positions, research grants, and invitations to contribute to international conferences or journals.In conclusion, the doctoral examination in English Composition is both a challenge and an opportunity. Ittests the candidate's language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and analytical abilities, demanding precision, clarity, and coherence. However, it also provides a platform for growth and development, fostering writing skills, critical thinking, and analytical abilities that are invaluable in their future academic and professional careers. The exam serves as a marker of achievement, indicating the candidate's readiness to embark on the journey of independent academic research and contribute to the global academic community.**博士考试英语作文：探索学术之路的挑战与机遇** 在学术追求的道路上，博士考试是一个标志性的里程碑，标志着学生从学者到研究者的转变。
教育博士英语作文万能模板
教育博士英语作文万能模板Education is the cornerstone of societal progress,shaping the minds of the young and fostering a culture of lifelong learning.The pursuit of a doctoral degree in education is not just an academic endeavor, but a commitment to advancing the field through research and innovation.In crafting an English composition for a doctoral candidate, one must consider the nuances of academic writing, blending critical analysis with a clear and conciseexpression of ideas.A well-structured essay begins with a compelling introduction that outlines the thesis statement, setting the stage for the arguments to follow.Body paragraphs should delve into each facet of the topic, providing evidence and analysis that support the central claim, while maintaining a logical flow of thought.Concluding the essay, the final paragraph shouldsuccinctly summarize the main points, reinforcing the thesis and leaving a lasting impression on the reader.Utilizing a template can streamline the writing process, ensuring consistency in format and presentation, but it isthe unique insights and perspectives that truly bring an academic paper to life.Remember, the ultimate goal of an educational doctoral thesis is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge, pushing the boundaries of what is known and understood in the field of education.。
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2012博士入学考试英语作文预测一、Television Program and Their Effect on children电视节目以及其对儿童的影响Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children.电视节目对儿童起到娱乐教育的影响，甚至会使多数儿童惊吓Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child.大多儿童都被允许观看任何播出的节目，人们却很少考虑到某些节目对一个孩子所造成的影响Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.多数节目都能根据其对儿童的影响被分类为益智类和少儿不宜。
The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. 益智类的电视节目多半是那些能够启发教育青少年的节目，它们常常是关于动物生活的专题节目。
A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative.一些常规的儿童节目通过强调数字和字母来提高孩子们对学校课程类型学习的兴趣。
The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.而这一种类中也包含那些关于反对吸烟，反对乱丢垃圾和健康的盈利性质商业广告。
On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. 而截然相反的就是那些对儿童有害的节目。
Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. 许多厂家，尤其是那些赞助儿童节目的公司，处心积虑地将对例如裹了糖衣的麦片和糖果等非必需品的渴求写入剧本中。
All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child to violence.一切涉及暴力或色情场面的成人节目都能最大程度地灌输给一个孩子困惑或误导的概念，可能导致孩子Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.二、“The younger generaton knows best”Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, arenothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat—ra ce? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation might reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it —could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not ―sinful‖. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ?三、How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big CitiesWith the development of modern industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who sufferfrom air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.四、Public TransportationAs part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol anddiesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.五、Human EducationThe other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture ―Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text‖. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spiritin today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be ―discarding the dross and selecting the essence‖. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.六、Criticism on TelevisionA lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studyinghis problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about **ager’s crimes.For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life. There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.七、the ony thing people are interesed in today is earing moremoneyOnce upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young people’s parents shook their heads. ―You can’t get married yet.‖ They said. Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live i n or any furniture, but that did’t matter. They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves. And so ends another modern romantic fable.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive. Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses andall the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.It is not only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere. i.e. to a bigger wage packet. The demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and ―fringe benefits‖ are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.八、Communication and LanguageOne of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position. But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication. Som etimes, we ―say‖ more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication. Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites. Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth. The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex. But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.九、Cooperation Goes with CompetitionIn our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world. Both of them speed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligenceof mankind. It is possible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now. As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in business.Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges. From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others. This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal. It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation. Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.十、the Rise of Intellectual Property ProtectionIntellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing on theuniversities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.。