_Unit 3
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册Unit3A课文翻译
Unit3A Audrey Hepburn- A true angel in this world奥黛丽·赫本——人间天使Audrey Hepburn thrilled audiences with starring roles in noteworthy films like Breakfast at Tiffany's, Sabrina, Roman Holiday, My Fair Lady, War and Peace, and Always.奥黛丽·赫本在《蒂凡尼的早餐》、《龙凤配》、《罗马假日》、《窈窕淑女》、《战争与和平》和《直到永远》等出色电影中主演的许多角色让观众为之陶醉。
Despite her success in the film domain, the roles she most preferred portraying were not in movies. She was an exemplary mother to her two sons and a UNICEF (the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) Ambassador of Goodwill serving victims in war-torn countries.尽管在电影界获得成功，但她最愿意塑造的角色却并不在影片中，而是做两个儿子的模范母亲和联合国儿童基金会亲善大使，为饱受战争蹂躏的人们服务。
As a young girl during the Nazi occupation of her native Holland, Audrey Hepburn was aware of the brutality, death, and destruction of war. She was hungry and malnourished, as her family was bankrupted as a result of the invasion. Audrey's father abandoned the family, and two of her uncles were taken captive and killed. Audrey was grabbed off the street by Nazis and placed in line to be sent to a work camp. When the guards glanced away she darted off, barely escaping, and huddled in a cold, foul basement full of rats.作为一名在纳粹占领下的祖国荷兰生活的小女孩，奥黛丽·赫本清楚战争所带来的野蛮、死亡和破坏。
译林版小学3-6年级英语单词表(带音标)
译林版三年级上册3A单词表三年级上册Unit1Hello!序号单词音标中文翻译01Hello![hə'ləʊ]你好! 02Good morning.[gʊd'mɔːniŋ]早上好。
03Miss[mis]小姐04Hi.[hai]你好。
05Good afternoon.[gʊdɑːftə'nuːn]下午好。
06class[klɑːs]同学们07I[ai]我08I’m=I am[ai m]=[ai]['em]我是三年级上册Unit2I’m Liu Tao序号单词音标中文翻译01are[ɑː]是02you[juː]你03yes[jes]是；对04am['em]是05no[nəʊ]不；不是；没有06not[nɒt]不；没有07Goodbye.[gʊd'bai]再见。
三年级上册Unit3My friends序号单词音标中文翻译01my[mai]我的02friend[frend]朋友03she[ʃiː]她04she’s=she is[ʃiːz]=[ʃiː][iz]她是……05he[hiː]他06he’s=he is[hiːz]=[hiː][iz]他是……07too[tuː]也08this[ðis]这；这个09is[iz]是10sister['sistə]姐姐；妹妹三年级上册Unit4My family序号单词音标中文翻译01family['fæməli]家；家庭02father['fɑːðə]父亲；爸爸03mother['mʌðə]母亲;妈妈04brother['brʌðə]哥哥;弟弟05me[miː]我06grandpa['græn(d)pɑː]祖父;外祖父07grandma['græn(d)mɑː]祖母;外祖母08Good evening.[gʊd'iːvniŋ]晚上好。
应用型大学英语综合教程二 unit (3)
1. panicked _________
2. confused __________
guilty 3. __________
confident 4. ______________
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上海交通大学出版社
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B. Listen to a story about an extremely self-satisfied woman’s racial stereotypes, and then complete the following notes with the appropriate words.
应用型大学英语系列教程
Book II
Application-oriented college English Course
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Language Skills Development Language in Use Enhancement of Language Abilities
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2. Text: Thanks for the Best Laugh We’ve Had in Years 13
3 As she was about to walk into the elevator she noticed two men already aboard. Both were black. an intimidating figure.
black man walked up.
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八年级unit第三单元
Unit 3 第1 课时Section A (1a-2d)I.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子1. My twin brother is more o_____ than me.2. She sings b_____ than me.3. The boy couldn’t find his mother, so he cried as _____（大声地）as he could.4. The books are all interesting. Please tell me w______ one he wants to buy.5. She is very _____ (辛勤的). We should learn from her.II.用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1. He is __________ (young) than me.2. This exercise is __________ (easy) than the last one.3. Chicago is __________ (big) than Paris.4. She is a __________ (good) student than her brother is.5. The weather this winter is __________ (bad) than the weather last winter.III.单项选择1. She isn’t short. She is _______now than last year.A. short B . tall C. taller D. shorter2. I think English is as ______ as math.A. importantB. more importantC. the most importantD. much more important3. I’m _______ than Tom.A. funnierB. funC. funnyD. much funny4. He is _______ more outgoing than his brother.A. veryB. moreC. muchD. too5. She is very good at swimming. She can swim_______ her teacher.A. as better asB. as best asC. as good asD. as well asIV.根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子1. 他的头发比我的长。
大学英语综合教程3unit3
⼤学英语综合教程3unit3Unit 3 Out of StepSection One Pre-reading Activities (1)I. Audiovisual Supplement (1)II. Cultural Background (1)Section Two Global Reading (2)I．Text Analysis (2)II. Structural Analysis (2)Section Three Detailed Reading (2)I.Text 1 (2)II. Questions (4)III. Words and Expressions (5)IV. Sentences (7)Section Four Consolidation Activities (7)I. Vocabulary (7)II. Grammar (10)III. Translation (13)IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills (14)V. Oral Activities (16)VI. Writing (17)Section Five Further Enhancement (19)I. Lead-in Questions for Text II (19)II. Text 2 (19)III. Memorable Quotes (22)Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Audiovisual SupplementWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.Script:Narrator: A German factory builds one of the world‘s most famous cars. The 911 is the icon of the sports car industry. It‘s the shape, it‘s the engine in the back, it‘s the feel it gives you, it‘s the emotion. The factory runs like a precision machine, building hundreds of engines a day. The product and our manufacturing process are one unit, and that‘s our secret of success. Automation, technology and skilled human labor combine to build 16 versions of the Porsche 911, including the 911 GT3.Questions:1. Where is the engine of the 911?In the back of the car.2. What‘s the secret of success of that factory?The product and their manufacturing process are one unit. Automation, technology and skilled human labor combine to build the Porsche 911. And the factory runs like a precision machine.II. Cultural Background1. Car culture has been a major niche lifestyle in America.2. In the 1950s, the post-war boom produced a generation of teenagers with enough income to buy their own cars. These cars became so much more than just modes of transportation. They were reflections of a lifestyle. The ability to tune and soup-up muscle cars gave average Joes the opportunity to show off their power, their speed and their style in a way that personified the car as character.3. Like Granny in Jan and Dean's 1964 song ―The Little Old Lady from Pasadena,‖ we can't keep our foot off the accelerator.4. We are crazy about our cars —and always have been. ―The American,‖William Faulkner lamented in 1948, ―really loves nothing but his automobile.‖5. We dream of cars as we dream of lovers.6. Americans have always cherished personal freedom and mobility, rugged individualism and masculine force.Section Two Global ReadingI．Text AnalysisMain Idea―Out of Step‖ is an exposition that presents the absurdity of the Americans‘ dependence on cars. The Americans, being so accustomed to using cars, have almost forgotten the existence of their legs. Wherever they go, they go in their cars. As a result, pedestrian facilities are neglected in city planning or rejected by the inhabitants.II. Structural AnalysisParagraph 1-6 The writer introduces his idea with an anecdote.Paragraphs 7-13 In this part, the author presents the fact that the Americans are habituated to using cars for everything. Paragraphs 14-20 In this part, the author explains that pedestrian facilities are neglected or discarded.Section Three Detailed ReadingI.Text 1Out of StepBill Bryson1After living in England for 20 years, my wife and I decided to move back to the United States. We wanted to live in a town small enough that we could walk to the business district, and settled on Hanover, N.H., a typical New England town —pleasant, sedate and compact. It has a broad central green surrounded by the venerable buildings of Dartmouth College, an old-fashioned Main Street and leafy residential neighborhoods.2It is, in short, an agreeable, easy place to go about one‘s business on foot, and yet as far as I can tell, virtually no one does.3Nearly every day, I walk to the post office or library or bookstore, and sometimes, if I am feeling particularly debonair, I stop at Rosey Jekes Caféfor a cappuccino. Occasionally, in the evenings, my wife and I stroll up to the Nugget Theatre for a movie or to Murphy‘s on the Green for a beer, I wouldn‘t dream of going to any of these places by car. People have gotten used to my eccentric behavior, but in the early days acquaintances would often pull up to the curb and ask if I wanted a ride.4―I‘m going your way,‖ they would insist when I politely declined. ―Really, it‘s no bother.‖5―Honestly, I enjoy walking.‖6―Well, if you‘re sure,‖ they would say and depart reluctantly, even guiltily, as if leaving the scene of an accident without giving their name.7In the United States we have become so habituated to using the car for everything that it doesn‘t occur to us to unfurl our legs and see what those lower limbs can do. We have reached an age where college students expect to drive between classes, where parents will drive three blocks to pick up their children from a friend‘s house, where the letter carrier takes his van up and down every driveway on a street.8We will go through the most extraordinary contortions to save ourselves from walking. Sometimes it‘s almost ludicrous. The other day I was waiting to bring home one of my children from a piano lesson when a car stopped outside a post office, and a man about my age popped out and dashed inside. He was in the post office for about three or four minutes, and then came out, got in the car and drove exactly 16 feet (I had nothing better to do, so I paced it off) to the general store6 next door.9And the thing is, this man looked really fit. I‘m sure he jogs extravagant distances and plays squash and does all kinds of healthful things, but I am just as sure that he drives to each of these undertakings.10An acquaintance of ours was complaining the other day about the difficulty of finding a place to park outside the local gymnasium. She goes there several times a week to walk on a treadmill. The gymnasium is, at most, a six-minute walk from her front door.11I asked her why she didn‘t walk to the gym and do six minutes less on the treadmill.12She looked at me as if I were tragically simple-minded and said, ―But I have a program for the treadmill. It records my distance and speed and calorie burn rate, and I can adjust it for degree of difficulty.‖13I confess it had not occurred to me how thoughtlessly deficient nature is in this regard.14According to a concerned and faintly horrified 1997 editorial in the Boston Globe, the United States spent less than one percent of its transportation budget on facilities for pedestrians. Actually, I‘m surprised it was that much. Go to almost any suburb developed in the last 30 years, and you will not find a sidewalk anywhere. Often you won‘t find a single pedestrian crossing.15I had this brought home to me one summer when we were driving across Maine and stopped for coffee in one of those endless zones of shopping malls, motels, gas stations and fast-food places. I noticed there was a bookstore across the street, so I decided to skip coffee and head over.16Although the bookshop was no more than 70 or 80 feet away, I discovered that there was no way to cross on foot without dodging over six lanes of swiftly moving traffic. In the end, I had to get in our car and drive across.17At the time, it seemed ridiculous and exasperating, but afterward I realized that I was possibly the only person ever to have entertained the notion of negotiating that intersection on foot.18The fact is, we not only don‘t walk anywhere anymore in this country, we won‘t walk anywhere, and woe to anyone who tries to make us, as the city of Laconia, N.H., discovered. In the early 1970s, Laconia spent millions on a comprehensive urban renewal project, which included building a pedestrian mall to make shopping more pleasant. Esthetically it was a triumph —urban planners came from all over to coo and take photos--but commercially it was a disaster. Forced to walk onewhole block from a parking garage, shoppers abandoned downtown Laconia for suburban malls.19In 1994 Laconia dug up its pretty paving blocks, took away the tubs of geraniums and decorative trees, and brought back the cars. Now people can park right in front of the stores again, and downtown Laconia thrives anew.20And if that isn‘t sad. I don‘t know what is.II. Questions1)What kind of town is it? (Paragraph 1)It is a small, pleasant and agreeable town. The inhabitants are friendly and willing to help.But although the town is compact, few people go about on foot.2)What is considered the author‘s ―eccentric behavior‖? (Paragraph 3)Instead of riding a car, the author walks around the city, doing his shopping, going to themovies or visiting the café or bar. To people who are used to going everywhere in a car, he is an eccentric.3)Why would drivers ―depart reluctantly, even guiltily‖when their offer was declined?(Paragraphs 3-6)With cars becoming the basic essentials of their life, people are so habituated to using the car for everything. The scene of somebody walking around seemed so unusual to them that they would naturally show their concern to him. When their offer to give him a ride was declined, they were sorry for not being able to help him out.4) Why did the author say ―Actually, I‘m surprised it was that much‖? (Paragraph 14)When the author found that the newly planned suburbs totally overlooked pedestrian needs, he assumed there was no budget for pedestrian facilities at all. So he says he was surprised to learn that there actually was less than one percent of budget on it. Here the author writes with a touch of irony.5) Why did Laconia change its downtown pedestrian mall to one with parking lots? (Paragraphs18-19)Although the pedestrian mall was well decorated, shoppers were unwilling to walk to the stores from a parking garage. As a result, it was a commercial failure. The government had to compromise with the public preference.Class ActivityGroup discussion: What does the title mean?With the use of this title, the writer seems to suggest1. people no longer walk in America;2. the few people who do walk seem to be old-fashioned and ―eccentric‖.III. Words and ExpressionsParagraphs 1-6sedate a. calm, serious and formale.g. She is a sedate old lady; she is caring but never talks much.The fight against a nuclear power station site has transformed a normally sedate town into a battlefield.v. make calm or sleepy, esp. with a druge.g. The patient was heavily sedated and resting quietly in bed.Derivation: sedately (ad.), sedation (n.), sedative (a., n.)eccentric a.(of people or behavior) unconventional and slightly strangee.g. The old gentleman, who lived alone all his life, was said to have some eccentric habits.n. a person of unconventional and slightly strange views or behaviore.g. The old gentleman enjoyed a colorful reputation as an engaging eccentric.curb n. (British English: kerb) a line of raised stones separating the footpath from the road v./ n. ( place) a control or limit on sth. undesirablee.g.Poor nutrition can curb a child‘s development both physically and mentally.There will be now curbs on drunk-driving from next month.Paragraphs 7-12habituate v. accustom by frequent repetition or prolonged exposuree.g. You must habituate yourself to reading aloud.By the end of the school term, the students had been habituated / accustomed / used to rising at five o‘clock.contortion n. a twisted position or movement that looks surprising or strangee.g. The spectators cannot but admire the contortions of the gymnasts.Derivation: contort v. cause sth. to twist out of its natural shape and looks strange or unttractive Comparison: distort, twist, deform, contort & warpThese verbs mean to change and spoil the form or character of sth.distortTo distort is to alter in shape, as by torsion or wrenching; the term also applies to verbal or pictorial misrepresentation and to alteration or perversion of the meaning of sth.e.g. The human understanding is like a false mirror, which, receiving rays irregularly distorts and discolors the nature of things by mingling its own nature with it. (Francis Bacon).twistTwist applies to distortion of form or meaning.e.g. a mouth twisted with painHe accused me of twisting his words to mean what I wanted them to.deformIf you deform sth., or if it deforms, its usual shape changes so that its usefulness or appearance is spoiled.e.g. Great erosion deformed the landscape.The earlier part of his discourse was deformed by pedantic divisions and subdivisions.contortIf you contort sth., or if it contorts, it twists out of its normal shape and looks strange or unattractive.e.g. a face contorted with rage;a contorted line of reasoning.warpWarp can refer to a turning or twisting from a flat or straight form.e.g. The floorboards had warped over the years.It also can imply influencing sb. in a way that has a harmful effect on how they think or behave.e.g. Prejudice warps the judgment.Paragraphs 13-20bring sth. home to sb.: make sb. realize sth.e.g.The news report has brought home to us all the plight of the prisoners of war.Comparison: drive sth. home to sb., hit / strike homedrive sth. home to sb.: make sb. realize sth., esp. by saying it often, loudly, angrily, etc.e.g. The professor drove home to them that they must finish the writing assignment by Friday.hit / strike home: (of remarks, etc.) have the intended (often painful) effecte.g. You could see from his expression that her sarcastic comments had hit/stricken home.entertain v. consider an idea, etc. or allow yourself to think that sth. might happen or be truee.g. He refused to entertain our proposal.entertain ideas, doubts, etcnegotiate v.get over or past (an obstacle, etc.) successfully; manage to travel along a difficult routee.g. The only way to negotiate the path is on foot.Frank Mariano negotiates the dessert terrain in his battered pickup.Practice那攀登者得攀越⼀陡峭岩⽯。
新标准大学英语3Unit3课件
Unit3SummarisingFor the sake of clarity, we 1) ___split up_______ the process of listening to music into three hypothetical planes. Firstly, 2) _______the sensuous plane. It is a kind of 3) brainless but attractive state of mind _ engendered by the mere 4) __sound appeal__ of the music. Secondly, 5)the expressive plane_____. It is when we believe each piece of music has a theme, which 6) ____mirrors a different world of feeling____, such as gaiety, sadness. Thirdly, 7) ___the musical plane_____. It is the ability to experience different 8) musical elements___, such as melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the tone colors etc. We usually listen to music on all three planes.重点难句1．For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: (1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressive plane, (3) the sheerly musical plane. (Para 1)由于缺乏更好的术语，我们姑且把它们命名为：（1）感官层次；（2）表现层次；（3）纯音乐层次。
人教版九年级英语unit3知识内容
人教版九年级英语unit3知识内容我们全都要从前辈和同辈学习到一些东西。
就连最大的天才，如果想单凭他所特有的内在自我去对付一切，他也决不会有多大成就。
下面给大家带来一些关于人教版九年级英语unit3知识内容，希望对大家有所帮助。
一.Unit3单词restroom [?restru:m] n.(美)洗手间;公共厕所stamp [st?mp] n. 邮票;印章bookstore [?bukst?:(r)] n. 书店beside[b??sa?d] prep. 在……旁边;在……附近postcard [?p?ustka:(r)d] n. 明信片pardon [?pa:(r)dn] v. 原谅 interj.请再说一遍 washroom [?w??ru:m] n. 洗手间;厕所 bathroom [?bɑ:θru:m] n. 浴室;洗手间 normally ['n?:rm?li] adv.通常;正常情况下 rush [r??] v. & n. 仓促;急促 suggest [s??d?est] v. 建议;提议 pass by 路过;经过 staff [sta:f] n. 管理人员;职工 grape [greip] n. 葡萄central [?sentr?l] adj. 中心的;中央的Nearby [?n?r?ba?] adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近;附近 Pardon me 抱歉, 对不起;什么，请再说一遍 mail [meil] v. 邮寄;发电子邮件 n. 邮件 east [i:st] adj. 东方的;东部的adv.向东;n.东方 fascinating [?f?sineiti?] adj.迷人的;有吸引力的.Inexpensive[??n?k?spens?v] adj.不昂贵的Uncrowded [?n?kra?d?d] adj.不拥挤的;人少的convenient [k?n?vi:ni?nt] adj. 便利的;方便的 mall [m?:l] n. 商场;购物中心 clerk [kla:k][kl:rk] n. 职员corner [?k?:(r)n?(r)] n. 拐角;角落politely [p??laitli] adv. 礼貌地;客气地request [ri?kwest] n. 要求;请求direction [di?rek?n] [dai?rek?n] n. 方向;方位 correct [k??rekt] adj. 正确的;恰当的 polite [p??lait] adj. 有礼貌的;客气的 . direct [di?rekt, dai?rekt] adj. 直接的;直率的.speaker [?spi:k?] n.讲(某种语言)的人;发言者 whom [hu:m] pron. 谁;什么人 impolite [??mp??la?t] adj. 不礼貌的;粗鲁的address [??dres], [??dres] n.住址;地址;通讯处.Underground [??nd?ɡra?nd] adj.地下的;n.地铁 Parking lot n.停车场 course [k?:(r)s] n. 课程;学科 Italian [I?t?li ?n] adj.意大利\人的;n.意大利人\语 Tim [tim] 蒂姆(男名)二.Unit3知识梳理【重点短语】1.a pair of 一对，一双，一副2.between A and B 在a和b之间3.on one’s / the way to 在去……的路上4.pardon me 什么，请再说一遍5.pass by 路过经过6.look forward to 盼望期待7.excuse me 打扰了请原谅8.get some information about 获取有关……的一些信息9.turn left\right 向左\向右转10.go past 经过路过11.a little earlier 早一点儿12.a good place to eat 一个吃饭的好地方13.in different situation 在不同的情况下14.on time 准时按时15.get to 到达16.have dinner 吃晚餐17.on one’s / \the right在右边e on 快点请过来19.the shopping center 购物中心20.the corner of....... 的角落/拐角处21.lead into 导入，引入【重点句型】1.问路常用的句子：①Do you know where is … ?②Can you tell me how can I get to …?③Could you tell me how to get to …?④Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情Could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗?2. decide to do 决定做…...She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。
Unit3答案docx_3
Unit 3 Theory of Visceral ManifestationWhile you listen（Watch）1) internal 2) disharmony3) system 4) specific 5) performs6) energetic7) fundamental8) nourishes9) sweat10) insightsAfter you listen（Watch）1)What is oriental medicine? Is it the same as Chinese medicine?Oriental medicine can mean Traditional Chinese medicine, Traditional Korean medicine or Kampo (Japanese medicine). So it is not the same as Chinese medicine. In the United States, oriental medicine refers to a master's degree program of Acupuncture and Chinese Herbal Medicine, with Tuina, Qigong and associated modalities.2) Why are the Chinese organs vastly different from the western organs?The Chinese organs, i.e. the internal organs or zang fu, are vastly distinct from the Western organs, even though they share the same names. They overlap only in certain instances. In Western medicine an organ is a collection of various tissues integrated into a distinct structural unit to perform specific functions. For example, the kidney is either of a pair of small organs in the body which takes away waste matter from the blood to produce urine. Compared with Chinese medicine, the zang fu organs are energy transformers or transformers in a complex bioenergetic system. And what they do relates to their qi transformation functions. For example, one of the main functions of the kidney is to promote growth and development of the body and play an important role in reproduction.3) How can physical problems be prevented from occurring?We can trace the source of the imbalance, predict potential problems, successfully treat them, and prevent them from occurring, not just eliminate them with the expectation that they'll return. Physical problems only manifest when the energetic source is out of balance. For example, a cough tells us that the lungs are transforming clean air qi improperly.4) Can you describe shen in your own words?Shen is one of the basic substances that according to Chinese medicine are present in every part of the body. It is another very special form of qi, usually translated as spirit or mind. If the brain is the computer, then shen is the user or operator. It's the decision maker and resides in the heart.Script:Zang Fu, The Organs Part 1 IntroductionWelcome to American Dragon Presents: Chinese Medicine in America. My name is Joel Penner. I'm a doctor of oriental medicine, a California state licensed acupuncturist and herbalist, and a professor of oriental medicine. I'm also the co-author of the textbook Zang Fu Syndromes:Differential Diagnosis and Treatment. In this episode, we begin our discussion of the internal organs or zang fu. Z ang fu is the heart and soul of Chinese medicine. Knowing what the organ systems do give us the ability to understand the human body, discover the imbalances that result in disharmony, predict the progression of imbalance, correct the problems, and prevent recurrence. This is called zang fu diagnosis and treatment. It's very important at this point for you to understand that even though they share the same names, the Chinese organs are vastly different from the Western organs. If you try to impose your Western understanding on the Chinese organs, you will get completely confused. Only in certain instances do they overlap. The zang fu are energy transformers or qi transformers in a complex bioenergetic system. And what they do relates to their qi transformation functions.Please look at this chart to my right. This is a schematic drawing of the major qi relationships in the body. As you can see, it's quite complex. We won't go into detail with this chart. However, we will look at parts of it as we discuss the organs.Qi is the fundamental substance of the universe. It is the vital energetic force that gives life to all things. Everything is composed of qi. There are three sources of qi used by the human body. These sources are similar, let's say, to a computer. Electricity is its source of energy. This raw electricity, however, needs to be transformed in order to be usable by the computer. The original stepdown transformation is done by the power supply. It turns the raw electricity into energy that is compatible for use by the computer. In the same way the human body has external sources of energy or qi.Let's look at this chart. It's called the qi axis. The first source of qi is what we call congenital qi. It comes from our parents, from the sperm and the egg. It contains our DNA and is the map of our physical and bioenergetic potentials. This qi is stored in the kidneys. The kidneys then transform this qi so that it can perform specific functions within the body. We'll go into detail about this when we discuss kidney functions. The next source of qi is called clean air qi. It is received by the lungs and transformed into qi that performs different specific functions from kidney qi. And the last source of qi is food and drink, which is received by the stomach, processed and sent to the spleen and pancreas for transformation and the qi that again performs different specific functions from kidney or lung qi.We can relate this to our computers. The sound card in the video card in our computers transforms energy into physical forms like music which can be heard, or videos which can be seen. There is even a printer now that takes electrical impulses and transforms them into a car that can be driven, or a plane that can be flown. The organs also transform energetic or qi patterns into physical manifestations, such as organs for blood or cells. The beauty of the Chinese medical system is that by understanding these two relationships, as I said before, we know what is supposed to happen. We can trace the source of the imbalance, predict potential problems, successfully treat them, and prevent them from occurring, not just eliminate them with the expectation that they'll return. Physical problems only manifest when the energetic source is out of balance, just like static in our computers. The sound system tells us that the sound card isn't transforming the electricity properly. So a cough tells us that the lungs are transforming clean air qi improperly. In the next several videos, we will be discussing how the organs relate to and transform the various different types of qi.I recommend reviewing our video of the five substances. The five substances are also known as the five treasures. These are all types of qi which perform specific functions and include qi,jing, blood, shen and body fluids. A quick review reminds us that qi is the fundamental substance in theuniverse. Everything is a manifestation of qi. Jing is a specialized form of qi that contains the blueprint for our life on earth. It comes from our parents and contains our DNA. Blood is another specialized type of qi that nourishes and moistens the cells. Shen is another very special form of qi which is translated as spirit or mind. If the brain is the computer, then shen is the user or operator. It's the decision maker and resides in the heart.Body Fluids are another specific form of qi which cool, moisten and lubricate the body. Here is a schematic body fluid metabolism. We will be using this chart when we discuss the organs relationships to body fluids. There are thin fluids called jin, such as tears and sweat, which moisten and cool. And there are thick fluids, like spinal or synovial fluid called ye, which lubricate.In our next video, we will be discussing the kidneys and how they transform congenital qi. I'm really excited about this series. My hope is that by understanding this system, you will have new insights about how the human body functions and how you can live a healthy, happy life. See you then.BEFORE CLASS1. Quest for Definition1)visceral manifestation: also called “zang xiang”, first appeared in the Huangdi Neijing. Zang,sharing the same pronunciation with viscera in Chinese, refers to internal organs inside the body;xiang means image or phenomenon. When used together, zang xiang, or visceral manifestations, as analyzed above, simply refers to internal organs and the external manifestations of their physiological and pathological states.2)extraordinary fu-organs: refer to a group of tissues and organs, including the brain, the bonemarrow, the bones, the vessels, the gallbladder and the uterus. Extraordinary fu-organs are characterized by hollowness, and have a similar function to the five zang-organs in storing essence.3)organic holism: TCM believes that the human body is composed of various tissues and organs,including the viscera, the meridians, the five sensory organs, the nine orifices, the four limbs and all the skeletal parts. These different tissues and organs are united into an organic whole because they are closely related to each other in structure, physiology and pathology.4)“The liver opens into the eyes”: The eyes have a close relationship with the liver; becausethey are connected to the liver meridian. The ability to see depends on the nourishment of the eyes from blood stored in the liver, and many liver disorders are reflected in the eyes.5)fullness and solidity (of the zang-fu organs): The five zang-organs only store essence but notexcrete it; that is the reason why they can be full but not solid. The six fu-organs are in charge of transporting and transforming food, so they can be solid but not full.6)“Viscera inside the body must manifest themselves externally”: The internal organs insidethe body are connected to external organs, tissues and corresponding portions. Therefore, the functional condition of the internal organs will inevitably manifest externally. Judging from specific external physiological and pathological signs, doctors can detect the condition of aninternal organ.2. Text-based Activities1) How can the phrase “zang xiang” be interpreted?According to the explanation in some Chinese medical classics, “zang” refers to interior organs which are stored inside the body, and “xiang” refers to exterior manifestations of physiological functions and pathological changes of internal organs. The viscera are stored inside the body and the image is manifested outwardly. For this reason, it is also called “visceral manifestation”.2)What are the physiological functions and functional characteristics of zang-organs and fu-organs respectively?The common physiological function of five zang-organs is to transform and store essence; while that of six fu-organs is to receive, transport and transform water and food. The functional characteristic of zang-organs is to be solid but not full as they only store essence but not excrete it; while that of fu-organs is to be full but not solid as they are in charge of transporting and transforming food.3)What is an extraordinary fu-organ?The extraordinary fu-organs, as a type of fu-organs, differing from the six fu-organs in shape and physiological function, are relatively hermetic organs and do not contact with water and food directly.4)What is the significance to differentiate zang-organs from fu-organs in clinical practice?The differentiation between zang-fu organs helps to identify the type of pattern and establish corresponding therapeutic principles. For instance, the disorders of zang-organs are mostly of deficiency type ; while the disorders of fu-organs are mainly of excess type . The related fu-organ can be purged for the treatment of the excess type of zang-organ disorders, and the related zang-organ can be nourished for the treatment of the deficiency type of fu-organ disorders.5)On what basis has the theory of visceral manifestation been developed?The theory of visceral manifestation has been advanced on the basis of the following development: the knowledge of anatomy accumulated in ancient times, the long-term observation of the human physiological functions and pathological changes, and the repeated medical practice in which certain physiological functions were disproved and analyzed in the light of pathological phenomena and curative effect.FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIESTask one Comprehension Check1.Questions for Discussion1)How do the zang-fu organs in the theory of visceral manifestation differ from those inWestern medicine? Can you give an example?In the zang-fu theory, the organs are defined not only from their structural level, but much more from their functional level. In another word, the concept of the viscera or organs in TCMweighs much more on the meaning of physiology and pathology instead of anatomy. One organ’s functions in TCM could appear in that of several organs in Western medicine, while one organ’s functions in Western medicine could be distributed into that of several organs in TCM. For instance, the heart in TCM possesses both the functions of controlling blood circulation and mental activities, which are controlled by the heart and brain in Western medicine.2)How do you underst and the “harmony between the heart and kidney”?The harmony between the heart and kidney emphasizes the harmonious coordination between the heart and kidney achieved through the dynamic descending and ascending movement of yin and yang in the heart and kidney. As the heart is located in the upper part of the body, the heart yang qi should descend to strengthen the kidney yang qi’s function of warming the kidney yin fluid, so as to prevent excessive coldness in the kidney. The kidney is situated in the lower part of the body, hence the kidney yin fluid should ascend to help the heart yin fluid to control the heart yang qi, preventing hyperactive heart yang qi from transforming into fire. In summary, the heart-kidney harmonious communication is based on the dynamic balance between the ascending of kidney yin and descending of heart yang.3)Can you explain how the zang-fu organs are involved in the water/fluid transmissionand excretion according to TCM theory?Fluids are received by the stomach, which begins a process of separation, by which the unusable portions of food are sent to the intestines as waste and the pure water is extracted. This process is continued by the spleen, which then sends the pure fluids in a vaporized state upward to the lung. The lung circulates the clear part of the fluids throughout the body, but liquefies whatever has become impure through use and send it downward to the kidney. In the kidney, the impure part is further separated into relatively “clean” and “turbid” parts. The clean part is transformed into mist and sent upward to the lung where it rejoins the cycle. The final impure portion goes into the bladder, where it is stored and subsequently excreted.4)In TCM theory, the spleen could be damaged by emotional factors like over-thinking. Isthere any evidence of the causal relationship between emotional disorder and gastrointestinal diseases in Western medicine?Both the spleen and over-thinking belong to the earth, giving rise to a TCM theory stating that “over-thinking impairs the spleen”. According to TCM theory, over-thinking on one subject will lead to anxiety, with resultant dysfunction in the transport of water and nutrients around the body and the stagnation of qi, indicative of a poorly functioning of the spleen. In Western medicine, recent academic studies support such a correlation between emotional disorder and gastrointestinal diseases. For instance, it was found that Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), which is a collection of patterns of altered bowel movement in the absence of any damage in GI tract, was closely associated with anxiety. This may be explained by the over-stimulation or under-stimulation of the digestive system by the SNS, leading to contradicting IBS symptoms such as constipation and diarrhea. A study also shows that stressors can disrupt the function of GI microbiota by inducing a neural response, which increases the risk of mucosal infection and inflammation. Stress on theGI mucosal immune system can lead to the translocation of pathogenic microbes from the GI tract to the interior of the body, with the resultant infection and the associated inflammatory response. Severe and sustained anxiety can induce peptic ulceration. Symptoms of peptic ulcer, including digestive discomfort and bleeding along the digestive tract, can be related to spleen dysfunction, in which the spleen fails to sustain the function of the digestive system and regulate the circulation of blood.2. Chart Completion1)interior organs;2)exterior manifestations;3)physiology and pathology;4)clinical practice;5)the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney;6)the gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder and triple energizer;7)the brain, marrow, bone, vessel, gallbladder and uterus;8)transform and store;9)receive, transport and transform;10)full but not solid;11)solid but not full;12)shape and physiological function;13)deficiency;14)nourishing;15)excess;16)purging;17)knowledge of anatomy;18)physiological functions and pathological changes;19)pathological phenomena and curative effect;20)organic holism;21)the interconnection between meridians;22)mental and emotional activities;23)generalizesTask Two Vocabulary1. Directions: Complete the following phrases respectively according to its corresponding meaning or equivalent in Chinese within the brackets.1) exterior2) dissect3) physiological4) holistic5) excess6) mental7) clinical8) emotional9) organic10)consciousness 11) visceral12) anatomical13)deficiency14)morphological 15) anatomy16) purge17) therapeutic18) nourish19) internal20) maintenance 21)interconnection 22)differentiate23)foundation24) texture25) disprove 26) artery27) curative28)transforming29) essence30) deduce2. Match the following words with their proper meanings.1) e2) h 3) m4) b5) i6) o7) d8) g9) f10) l11) a12) j 13) n 14) k15) c3.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box and change the form when necessary.1) holism 2) capacity3) maintenance4)physiological5) mental6) nourishing7)pathological8) manifestation 9) expounded10)generalized 11) disproved12) hermetic13) therapeutics14) collective15)correspondingTask Three Translation1 Translate the following medical expressions into English.1)theory of visceral manifestation2)five zang-organs and six fu-organs3)extraordinary fu-organs4)stuffy nose and running nose5)transport and transform water and food6)store essence7)internal and external relations8)curative effect9)clinical practice10)only store essence but not excrete it11)receive food but not to store essence12)be full but not solid13)be solid but not full14)mental and emotional activities15)physiological function16)pathological change17)The five zang-organs pertain to yin.18)The six fu-organs pertain to yang.19)anatomical concept20)holism/ concept of holism2 Translate the following sentences into Chinese or English.1)藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及其相互关系的学说。
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在there be句型中，从句法结构上讲 there为主语，所以其疑问形式是将be提 至there之间，构成is there/are there 的 句式，而否定形式仍是在be后面加not。 注意：系动词be的形式变化一般视其后 面名词的单复数而定。
1. How many classroom are there in ycils and some keys. The
in front of the door. A ball isbetween chair is ___________ ______ the
bed and the table. The video cassette(盒式录音带)
( D )1.Is there a piano in her room? ( C )2.Where is the dining hall? ( A )3.Are there any blackboards in the science lab? ( E )4.Are the classrooms next to the library? ( B )5.Is Helen on the left of you? A. No, they aren’t. B. Yes, she is. C. It’s in a building in front of the offices. D. Yes, there is. E. Yes, there are.
6. Are there any computers in your classroom?
7. Is there a blackboard in your classroom?
8. Where is the teacher’s desk?
1. Where is the office building? It’s on the right of the gate. 2. Where is the dining hall? It’s behind the science building.
This is a map of our school. _______________the gate is On the right of the office building and behind classroom building this is the_________________. ______the Behind classroom building is the library. The science building is between _______the dining hall and the ____________. sports hall And behind the dining hall, the playground and the library there are_________. some trees
3. Where is the playground? It’s in the middle of my school. 4. Where is the sports hall? It’s on the left of the gate. 5. Where is the science building? It’s between the dining hall and the sports hall.
In most countries around the world, children must go to school when they are 5 or 6 years old. Children in the UK go to primary school at 5, and go to secondary school at 11. They can’t leave school before they are 16 years old.
5. How many _______ are there in your school? C A. librarys B. library C. libraries 6. There ___ B a bed and two chairs in my bedroom. A. are B. is C. has 7. Are there ______ apples on the desk? B A. some B. any C. many B office, there is a television. 8. In the _____ A. teacher B. teachers’ C. Teacher’s 9. There are some trees ______ C the house. A. in B. on C. in front of
—They are in the bedroom. 5.Is there a computer room in your science building?
1. There are some photos on the wall. (改为否定句) There aren’t any photos on the wall. 2. There is a dictionary on Li Lei’s desk. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) — Is there a dictionary on Li Lei’s desk? —Yes, there is .
blackboard, classroom, office, science building, sports hall book computer library desk
office science hall
classroom school blackboard
sports hall
School age
in front of in on near between on the left of This is Sally’s bedroom. A bed, a table, a chair, a in desk and some other things are ______ the room.
The desk is ______ near the window. ______ On the desk
1.There are two l ibraries in our city. 2.Our classroom is next to the science l ab 3.The dining 4.—Where are Lucy and Lily? . hall is behind our teaching building.
there be 句型用法：
表达“……地方有……”一般采用there be句型。there be 句型的结构一般为 “there is/are +某物/人+地点”。即可 表示某地方有某物，也可以表示某地方 有某人。 如果要表达某地没有某物或某人，或者 询问什么地方是否有某物或某人，就要 用到there be句型的否定和疑问形式。
2. Is there a library in your school?
3. Are there any science labs?
4. How many students are there in your class?
5. How many are boys and how many are girls?
book, classroom, computer, desk, library, office, playground
This is our school. On the left of …
this our library. It’s in front of …
There are…
1. On her desk _____ C some books and pens. A. there is B. has C. there are C there a bookshelf in your home? 2. _____ A. Are B. Be C. Is 3. There is a picture ___ A Lucy’s family __ the wall. A. of, on B. at, in C. of, in 4. --- Is the gym next to the office? ---_________. C A. Yes, the gym is. B. It’s behind the office. C. No, it isn’t.
3. There are some flowers on our teacher’s desk. (就画线部分提问) What’s on your teacher’s desk? 4. Daming’s friend is in front of the tree. (就画线部分提问) Daming’s friend? Where is
There are thirty students in my class. Are there computers on everyone’s desk? No, there aren’t. Is there a map of the world? No, there isn’t. How many students are there in your class? The library is on the left of the playground.
is ____________ on the left of the computer.
请写一篇短文，介绍你的班级和学校。 In my classroom there are…In my school …