计算机英语》刘艺_王春生_第三版_课后答案第一章
计算机英语》刘艺_王春生_第三版第3单元
第三单元：计算机语言与编程课文A：编程语言一、引言在计算机科学中，编程语言是用于编写可由计算机运行的一系列指令（计算机程序）的人工语言。
与英语等自然语言相类似，编程语言有词汇、语法和句法。
然而，自然语言不适合为计算机编程，因为它们会引起歧义，也就是说它们的词汇和语法结构可能被用多种方式进行解释。
用于计算机编程的语言必须有简单的逻辑结构，它们的语法、拼写和标点符号规则必须精确。
编程语言在复杂性和通用程度上差异很大。
一些编程语言是为了处理特定类型的计算问题或为了用于特定型号的计算机系统而编写的。
例如，FORTRAN和COBOL等编程语言是为解决某些普遍的编程问题类型而编写的——FORTRAN是为了科学领域的应用，而COBOL是为了商业领域的应用。
尽管这些语言旨在处理特定类型的计算机问题，但它们具有很高的可移植性，也就是说它?103f强梢杂美次 嘀掷嘈偷募扑慊 喑獭Ｆ渌 挠镅裕 缁 饔镅裕 俏?一种特定型号的计算机系统，甚至是一台特定的计算机，在某些研究领域使用而编写的。
最常用的编程语言具有很高的可移植性，可以用于有效地解决不同类型的计算问题。
像C、PASCAL和BASIC这样的语言就属于这一范畴。
二、语言类型编程语言可分为低级语言和高级语言。
低级编程语言或机器语言，是编程语言中最基础的类型，可以被计算机直接理解。
机器语言视计算机制造商与型号不同而有所区别。
高级语言是必须首先翻译成机器语言计算机才能理解和处理的编程语言。
C、C++、PASCAL和FORTRAN都是高级语言的例子。
汇编语言是中级语言，非常接近于机器语言，没有其他高级语言所表现出的语言复杂程度，但仍然得翻译成机器语言。
1、机器语言在机器语言中，指令被写成计算机能够直接理解的1和0（称作位）序列。
一条机器语言指令一般告诉计算机4件事：（1）到计算机主存（随机存储器）的什么位置去找一两个数字或简单的数据片；（2）要执行的简单操作，如将两个数字相加；（3）在主存的什么位置存放该简单操作的结果；（4）到什么位置去找下一条要执行的指令。
计算机英语第3版刘艺王春生编
计算机英语第3版刘艺王春生编下面是店铺整理的计算机英语介绍，希望对大家有帮助。
内容推荐本书涉及计算机与计算机科学的基础知识、计算机体系结构、计算机语言与编程、软件开发、数据库、计算机通信、计算机网络、因特网、计算机文化、电子商务、计算机安全等深刻影响我们生活的信息技术。
本书以计算机领域英语时文和经典原版教材为基础，通过大量精心挑选的阅读材料，配以相应的注释和练习，使读者能够快速掌握计算机领域的大量专业词汇以及相关的语法等，并提高阅读和检索计算机原版文献资料的能力。
本书选材广泛、图文并茂，采用双色印刷，极大方便了读者的学习和查阅。
书后还附有词汇表和缩略语表。
本书可作为高等院校计算机及相关专业“计算机英语”课程的教材，也可供参加计算机水平考试的考生、IT行业的工程技术人员以及其他有需要的读者学习参考。
目录前言使用说明Unit 1 Computer and Computer Science(计算机与计算机科学) Section A Compur OverviewSection B WhatIs CompurScienceSection C PDA Prizefight：Palm Vs.PocketPCUnit 2 Computer Architecture(计算机体系结构)SectionA Compu~rHardwareSectionB Components ofan OperatingSystemSection C System OrganizationUnit 3 Computer Language and Programming(计算机语言与编程)SectionA Programming LanguageSectionB TheJavaLanguageSection C ArraysUnit 4 Software Development(软件开发) Section A Compu~r ProgramSectionB VS.J2EESection C Distributed SyswmsUnit 5 Software Process(软件过程)Section A Software Process ModelsSection B Model Driven DevelopmentSection C WhatIsaDesignPatternUnit 6 Database(数据库)Sectwn A Database 0verviewSection B Maintaining Database Integrity Section C .NET Data Access ArchitectureUnit 7 Computer Communications(计算机通信) Section A Telecommunications and Computer Section B Communicating with Other Devices Section C ATMandItsAdvantagesUnit 8 Computer Network(计算机网络)Sectwn A Network FundamentalsSection B A Guide to Network Topology Section C Network Connecting DevicesUnit 9 The Internet(因特网)SectionA TheInternetSectionB TheLayeredApproachtoInternetSoftware Section C WebBasicsUnit 10 Cyberculture(计算机文化)SectionA Using E-MailSection B Designing WebsitesSection C Web2.0andItsEconomicImplications Unit 11 Electronic Commerce(电子商务)Sectwn A Electronic CommerceSection B Basic Functions ofElectronic Commerce Software Section C OnlineShoppingUnit 12 Computer Security(计算机安全)Section A Computer SecuritySection B Antivirus SoftwareSection C ThroughaHacker'sEyesGlossary(词汇表)Abbreviations(缩略语表)。
《计算机英语》课后习题答案
《计算机英语》参考答案Chapter 11.(1) 中央处理器(Central Processing Unit)(2) 随机访问内存(Random-access Memory)(3) 美国国际商用机器公司(International Business Machine)(4) 集成电路(Integrated Circuit)(5) 大规模集成电路(Large Scale Integration)(6) 超大规模集成电路(Very Large Scale Integration)(7) 个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant)(8) 图形用户界面(Graphical User Interface)2.(1) data(2) software(3) IC(4) ENIAC(5) supercomputer(6) superconductivity3.(1) F (ENIAC is the second digital computer after Atanasoff-Berry Computer)(2) T(3) F (Data is a unorganized)(4) T(5) T(6) T4.(1) 人工智能(2) 光计算机(3) 神经网络(4) 操作系统(5) 并行处理(6) vacuum tube(7) integrated circuit(8) electrical resistance(9) silicon chip(10) minicomputer5.数据是未经组织的内容的集合，数据可以包括字符、数字、图形和声音。
计算机管理数据，并将数据处理生成信息。
向计算机输入的数据称为输入，处理的结果称为输出。
计算机能在某一个称为存储器的地方保存数据和信息以备后用。
输入、处理、输出和存储的整个周期称为信息处理周期。
与计算机交互或使用计算机所产生信息的人称为用户。
1.(1) 发光二极管(Light-Emitting Diode)(2) 静态随机存储器(Static Random Access Memory)(3) 只读存储器(Read Only Memory)(4) 运算器(Arithmetic and Logical Unit)(5) 阴极射线管(Cathode Ray Tube)(6) 视频显示单元(Visual Display Unit)(7) 可编程只读存储器(Programmable Read Only Memory)(8) 液晶显示屏(Liquid Crystal Display)2.(1) CPU(2) peripheral(3) memory(4) modem(5) control unit(6) byte3.(1) T(2) T(3) F (RAM is volatile memory because the information within the computer chips is erased as soon as the computer is powered off whereas ROM is nonvolatile)(4) T(5) T(6) F (Microphones and digital cameras are input devices)4.(1) 寄存器组(2) 主机(3) 二进制的(4) 算法(5) 光盘(6) CD-RW(7) logic operation(8) barcode(9) peripheral device(10) volatile memory5.计算机的内存可被视为一系列的单元，可以在单元中存取数字。
计算机英语刘艺 王春生Unit1
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II. The History
1. 第一台加法计算机是数字计算机的先驱，它使用了
一系列带有10个齿轮的轮子，每个齿轮代表从0到9的 一个数字。 2.分析机，旨在处理复杂数学题，巴比奇与起合伙人 设计之一：分析机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。 3.早期计算机 4. 电子计算机：第二次世界大战期间，科学家们制造 了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。 5. 集成电路
计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个 程序，然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其 他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
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household: adj. 家庭的，家族的，熟悉的 n. 家庭，家族 Computer Overview－ Introduction The modern world of high technology could not ~ appliance 家用电器 have come about except for the development of the ~ affairs 家务事
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III。 rdware
个人计算机
小型计算机 大型计算机 一台数字计算机是由5个不同的要素组成的系统：CPU，
input，output，storage，bus。
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IV. Programming
一个程序就是一系列指令，告诉计算机对数据执行什
么样的操作。
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V. Future
divide: vt. 21 divided by 7 is 3.
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The French inventor Joseph-Marie Jacquard , in designing an automatic loom, used thin, perforated wooden boards to control the weaving of complicated designs. During the 1880s the American statistician Herman Hollerith conceived the idea of using perforated cards, similar to Jacquard’s boards, for processing data. Employing a system that passed punched cards over electrical contacts, he was able to compile statistical information for the 1890 United States census.
计算机英语课后参考答案
版本：冶金工业出版社Keys to Exercises and Examinations第1单元Text11.（1）B（2）A（3）A（4）A（5）A（6）B（7）D（8）A（9）C（10）C2.（1）registering,predicting（2）Logs（3）boolean logic（4）graphical interface（5）integrated circuit3.（1）战争期间，冯·诺依曼在流体力学、弹道学、气象学、博弈论以及统计学等方面的专业性的意见，被很好地运用在了一些工程中。
（2）战后的冯·诺伊曼在高等研究中心专注于计算机和它的拷贝的发展。
4.（1）It was a massive steam-powered mechanical calculator designed to print astronomical tables.（2）John Louis von Neumann’s famous stored program concept says that the program is stored as data in the computer’s memory and the computer is able to manipulate it as data—for example,to load it from disk,store it back on disk, and move it in memory.This concept became a fundamental of modern computing.Text21.（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）B（5）D（6）C（7）B（8）A（9）A（10）C2.（1）parallel-operation（2）capacity（3）peripherals（4）sophisticated（5）microprocessors3.它们（液晶显示器）不像CRT显示那样，需要考虑几何学的、收敛的或是焦点问题，而且它们的清晰度使得人们可以在更小的屏幕上看到更高的分辨率。
计算机英语实用教程第三版课后练习题含答案
计算机英语实用教程第三版课后练习题含答案第一章练习题答案1. What is the difference between a CPU and a GPU?A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a general-purpose processor that performs tasks that require complex arithmetic and logical operations. A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), on the other hand, is a specialized processor that is designed to handle tasks that involve highly parallelizable computations, such as those required for rendering graphics.2. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running. RAM is volatile, meaning that its contents are erased when the computer is turned off. ROM (Read-Only Memory), on the other hand, is a type of memory that stores data permanently, even when the computer is turned off. ROM is non-volatile, meaning that its contents are retned even when there is no power.3. What is the difference between a bit and a byte?A bit is the smallest unit of digital information, represented by a binary digit (0 or 1). A byte, on the other hand, is a unit of digital information that consists of eight bits. Bytes are commonly used to represent characters, such as letters and numbers.4. What is the purpose of an operating system?An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the resources of a computer, including the CPU, memory, storage, and devices such as printers and displays. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which applications can run and interact with the hardware without directly accessing the underlying hardware.5. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?A compiler is a program that translates the source code of a program into executable code that can be run on a specific computer platform. The resulting executable code can be run multiple times without the need for recompilation. An interpreter, on the other hand, is a program that reads and executes source code instructions one at a time. Interpreted code is typically slower than compiled code, but does not require the extra step of compilation before it can be run.第二章练习题答案1. What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects computers and other devices that are located in the same physical location, such as an office building or a home. A WAN (Wide Area Network), on the other hand, is a network that connects computers and other devices that are located in different physical locations, often separated by vast distances.2. What is a router and how does it work?A router is a device that connects two or more networks together and forwards data between them. Routers use routing tables to determine thebest path for data to take between networks, and use protocols such as TCP/IP to communicate with other devices on the network.3. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both protocols used for transmitting data over the internet. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means that it establishes avirtual circuit between two endpoints over which data can be transmitted. TCP uses error correction and flow control to ensure that data arrivesat its destination correctly and in the correct order. UDP, on the other hand, is a connectionless protocol that does not establish a virtual circuit between endpoints. UDP does not provide error correction or flow control, but is often used in situations where speed and simplicity are more important than reliability.4. What is a DNS server?A DNS (Domn Name System) server is a special type of server that translates domn names into IP addresses. When a user enters a domn name into their web browser, the browser sends a request to a DNS server to find the corresponding IP address for that domn name. The DNS serverthen returns the IP address to the browser, which can then connect tothe website.5. What is a firewall and how does it work?A firewall is a security device that is used to protect a networkfrom unauthorized access. Firewalls can be implemented as hardware or software, and typically work by examining incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocking any traffic that does not meet a set of predefinedrules. Firewalls can be configured to block specific types of traffic, such as traffic from certn IP addresses or traffic that uses a certn protocol. Firewalls can also be configured to allow or deny access to specific network resources based on user or device credentials.。
计算机专业英语全部答案(第三版)
计算机专业英语全部答案(第三版)Unit1EX11 F2 T3 T4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 T 9 T 10FEX2Input hardware, storage hardware, processing hardware, output hardware power, speed, memorycentral processing unitinternal, primary, memorykeyboard, central processing unit, main memory, monitorEX3 PARTA1 F2 D3 G4 C5 B6 A7 E 8 HEX3 PART B1 F2 E3 G4 B5 A6 C7D 8 HEX41 input device2 screen3 manipulates4 instructions5 retrieve6 codes7 hardcopy8 functionEX51 T2 T3 F4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 TUNIT2EX11 T2 F3 T4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 FEX21 sizes, shapes, processing capabilities2 supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, microcomputers3 mainframe computer4 microcomputer, storage locations5 portables, laptop computers, desktop workstations6 semiconductor7 CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users8 microprocessor chipEX3 PARTA1 C2 A3 H4 I5 E6 F7 G 8 JEX3 PARTB1 capacity2 device3 laptop computer4 Portable computers5 Silicon6 semiconductor7 workstation8 Voltage, voltage9 RAM10ROMEX41 portable2 access3 main memory4 sophisticated programs5 processing capabilities6 instructions7 computation8 computer professionalEX51 T2 T3 F4 F5 F6 T7 F 8 T 9 T 10T11F 12T 13 T 14 TUNIT3EX11 T2 F3 T4 T5 T6 T7 F 8 F 9 T 10 F11T 12F 13F 14TEX21 microprocessor2 bus3 register 4control unit5 processor6 binary7 arithmetic, logic 8 milliseconds, microseconds9 instruction 10execution 11megahertz 12wordsize EX3 PARTA1 F2 A3 J4 C5 D6 E7 H 8 I 9 B 10GEX3 PARTB1 Storage 2chip3 buses4 ALU5 register 6control unit7 machine language 8 binary system 9 bits 10computer programEX41 configuration2 decodes3 data bus4 characters5 converts6 synchronize7 circuitry8 internal clockEX51 T2 F3 F4 T5 F6 F7 T 8 T 9 F 10 FUNIT4EX11 F2 T3 T4 F5 F6 T7 F 8 T 9 T 10 F11T 12T 13F 14F 15T 16F17T 18F 19T 20F21T 22FEX2memoryRAMdiskettes, diskschipsparityexpanded, extendedmonochromecacheROMupdatedEX3 PART A1 B2 E3 C4 J5 I6 H 7A 8 F 9 G 10DEX3 PART Bsecondary storagebufferaccesscodedisketteslotterminalsmotherboardbytescreenEX4desktopsoftwareanimationtransferredsophisticatedcompatiblecacheupgradeEX51 T2 F3 F4 T5 T6 T7 T8 F9 T 10 F11T 12F 13F 14T 15T 16F17F 18F 19F 20T21T 22TUnit 5Ex1:1 T2 T3 F4 T5 F6 F7 F 8 T 9 T 10 T11F 12T 13F 14F 15T 16T17F 18T 19F 20F21T 22T 23TEX2mail, courierhub, starlocal area networkpacketsEthernetkilobits per second, megabits per second, gigabits per second circuit switchingreassembledinternet protocol, transmission control protocol datagramsframesbinary, decimalEX3 part A1 C2 E3 B4 F5 A6 D7 H 8 GEX3 part Bhubzippeddecimalframebinary numberinternetpacketbandwidthEX4forwardedreassembledare encapsulatedcableburstysubmitare retransmittedprotocolEX5IP addressnotationdotted-decimalcomputer networkbackgroundsharedgeographicprivacyExercise to the Passage for ReadingEX6有意为维修技师使用所留被弃的、丢失的或损坏了的数据都进了数据桶。
计算机英语第三版A篇翻译及课后答案
第一单元：计算机与计算机科学课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。
不同类型和大小的计算机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。
计算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。
在几乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。
数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。
同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。
计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。
二、历史第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯.帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数字计算机的先驱。
这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。
轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。
17世纪70年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德.威廉.莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台也能做乘法的机器。
法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽.雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复杂图案的编织。
在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼.何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。
通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。
1、分析机也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯.巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。
他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。
许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙人，数学家奥古斯塔.埃达.拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。
巴比奇的设计之一，分析机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。
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Unit One/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron
2. input; output
3. VLSI
4. workstations; mainframes
5. vacuum; transistors
6. instructions; software
7. digit; eight; byte
8. microminiaturization; chip
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. artificial intelligence 人工智能
2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器
3. optical computer 光计算机
4. neural network 神经网络
5. instruction set 指令集
6. parallel processing 并行处理
7. difference engine 差分机
8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件
9. silicon substrate 硅衬底
10. vacuum tube 真空管
11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data
12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit
13. 中央处理器central processing unit
14. 个人计算机personal computer
15. 模拟计算机analogue computer
16. 数字计算机digital computer
17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer
18. 处理器芯片processor chip
19. 操作指令operating instructions
20. 输入设备input device
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the
early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation
computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。
语音识别的改进将使计算机的操
作更加容易。
虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。
人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存
储数据和执行操作的计算。
这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。
科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。
还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。
Unit One/Section B
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. experimentation
2. interfacing
3. interdisciplinary
4. microprocessor
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. artificial neural network 人工神经网络
2. computer architecture 计算机体系结构
3. robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序
4. human-computer interface 人机接口
5. knowledge representation 知识表示
6. 数值分析numerical analysis
7. 程序设计环境programming environment
8. 数据结构data structure
9. 存储和检索信息store and retrieve information
10. 虚拟现实virtual reality
Unit One/Section C
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. format
2. synchronization
3. virtual
4. multimedia; third-party
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. data field 数据字段，数据域
2. learning curve 学习曲线
3. third-party solution 第三方解决方案
4. Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器
5. 开始按钮Start button
6. 指定输入区designated input area
7. 手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system
8. 字符集character set。