2005年真题
2005年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及参考答案
2005年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. A) The man hates to lend his tools to other people.B) The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.C) The tools have already been returned to the woman.D) The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.2. A) Give the ring to a policeman.B) Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest room.C) Hand in the ring to the security office.D) Take the ring to the administration building.3. A) Save time by using a computer.B) Buy her own computer.C) Borrow Martha’s computer.D) Stay home and complete her paper.4. A) The man doesn’t have money for his daughter’s graduate studies.B) The man doesn’t think his daughter will get a business degree.C) The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D) The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.5. A) The cinema is some distance away from where they are.B) He would like to read the film review in the newspaper.C) They should wait to see the movie at a later time.D) He’ll find his way to the cinema.6. A) He’s been to Seattle many times.B) He has chaired a lot of conferences.C) He has a high position in his company.D) He lived in Seattle for many years.7. A) Teacher and student.B) Doctor and patient.C) Manager and office worker.D) Travel agent and customer.8. A) She knows the guy who will give the lecture.B) She thinks the lecture might be informative.C) She wants to add something to her lecture.D) She’ll finished her report this weekend.9. A) An art museum.B) A beautiful park.C) A college campus.D) An architectural exhibition.10. A) The houses for sale are of poor quality.B) The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.C) The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers.D) The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale. Section BPassage 111. A) Synthetic fuelB) Solar energyC) AlcoholD) Electricity12. A) Air traffic conditionsB) Traffic jams on highwaysC) Road conditionsD) New traffic rules13. A) Go through a health checkB) Carry little luggageC) Arrive early for boardingD) Undergo security checksPassage 214. A) In a fast-food restaurantB) At a shopping centerC) At a county fairD) In a bakery15. A) Avoid eating any foodB) Prepare the right type of pie to eatC) Wash his hands thoroughlyD) Practice eating a pie quickly16. A) On the tableB) Behind his backC) Under his bottomD) On his lap17. A) Looking sideways to see how fast your neighbor eats.B) Eating from the outside toward the middle.C) Swallowing the pie with water.D) Holding the pie in the right position.Passage 318. A) BeautyB) LoyaltyC) LuckD) Durability19. A) He wanted to follow the tradition of his country.B) He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage.C) It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart.D) It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck.20. A) The two people can learn about each other’s likes and dislikes.B) The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match.C) The two people can have time to shop for their new home.D) The two people can earn enough money for their wedding.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage 1Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之财) in tax revenues,royalties (开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “We’ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output—and just 3% of the nation’s.21. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?A) It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.B) It will help secure the future of ANWR.C) It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports.D) It will increase America’s energy consumption.22. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry ________.A) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yieldsB) tends to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oilC) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWRD) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia23. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that ________.A) it can cause serious damage to the environmentB) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problemsC) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan regionD) it will not have much commercial value24. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para. 3)?A) Oil exploitation takes a long timeB) The oil drilling should be delayedC) Don’t be too optimisticD) Don’t expect fast returns25. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozenearth ________.A) remains a controversial issueB) is expected to get under way soonC) involves a lot of technological problemsD) will enable the U.S. to be oil independentPassage 2“Tear‘em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee (裁判)!”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. V olumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent “is “adversary “: “enemy “; “one who opposes your interests.” “Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference i n your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”26. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?A) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.B) The words people use can influence their behavior.C) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.27. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players ________.A) are too eager to winB) are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitionD) treat their rivals as enemies28. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change hisgloves?A) He refused to continue the game.B) He angrily hit the referee with a ball.C) He claimed that the referee was unfair.D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.29. According to the passage, players, in a game, may ________.A) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayB) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC) lie down on the ground as an act of protestD) kick the ball across the court with force30. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ________.A) calling on players to use clean language on the courtB) raising the referee’s sense of responsibilityC) changing the attitude of players on the sports fieldD) regulating the relationship between players and refereesPassage 3Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the report’s more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described it self as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.“ While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” he said.The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.” said Page.31. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ________.A) all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standardsB) the claims made by products are often unclear or deceivingC) consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claimD) few products actually prove to be environment friendly32. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers ________.A) are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB) are still not willing to pay more for products with green labelingC) are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on theenvironmentD) still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment33. A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to ________.A) find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmentalstandardsB) inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buyC) examine claims made by products against ISO standardsD) revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization34. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?A) They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems.B) Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false.C) They could arouse widespread anger among consumer.D) Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need.35. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer Internationalwants to ________.A) make product labeling satisfy ISO requirementsB) see all household products meet environmental standardsC) warn consumers of the danger of so-called green productsD) verify the efforts of non-polluting productsPassage 4Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world’s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.The streams, lakes,meadows (草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats (栖息地) are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy (大自然保护协会) named the area one of America’s “Last Great Places”.Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy’s bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.Altemose’s family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s land can be protected from development and theAltemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents“The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort.For more information on how you can help the Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places,” please call 1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the World Wide Web at .36. The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last Great Places” is to________.A) gain support from the local communityB) protect it from irresponsible developmentC) make it a better home for black bearsD) provide financial security for future generations37. We learn from the passage that ________.A) the population in the Pocono area is growingB) wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidlyC) the security of the Pocono residents is being threatenedD) farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast38. What is important in protecting the Poconos according to Cook?A) The setting up of an environmental protection websiteB) Support from organizations like The Nature ConservancyC) Cooperation with the local residents and business leadersD) Inclusion of farmlands in the region’s protection program39. What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence” (Line 1, Para. 5)?A) Financial contributions from local business leadersB) Consideration of the interests of the local residentsC) The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the areaD) The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area40. The passage most probably is ________.A) an official documentB) a news storyC) an advertisementD) a research reportPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)41. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and________ your text more easily.A) registerB) editC) proposeD) discharge42. We don’t know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such________ colors.A) lowB) humbleC) mildD) dull43. The news has just ________ that the president is going to visit China next month.A) come downB) come upC) come outD) come about44. The ________ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened ifmisunderstanding and mistrust were removed.A) tensionB) strainC) stressD) intensity45. The other day, Mum and I went to St. James’s Hospital, and they did lots and lots oftests on me, most of them ________ and frightening.A) cheerfulB) horribleC) hostileD) friendly46. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is neverof great ________.A) fareB) paymentC) worthD) expense47. The writer was so ________ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.A) absorbedB) abandonedC) focusedD) centered48. Actually, information technology can ________ the gap between the poor and therich.A) linkB) breakC) allyD) bridge49. Some research workers completely ________ all those facts as though they neverexisted.A) ignoreB) leaveC) refuseD) miss50. Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a printat a crime ________.A) stageB) sceneC) locationD) occasion51. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to________ a culture.A) retainB) relateC) remark52. Companies are struggling to find the right ________ between supply and demand,but it is no easy task.A) equationB) formulaC) balanceD) pattern53. Mass advertising helped to ________ the emphasis from the production of goods totheir consumption.A) varyB) shiftC) layD) moderate54. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and ________ and allpreviously neglected matters were taken care of.A) convictionB) contestC) consentD) content55. I know you’ve got a smooth tongue, so don’t talk me ________ buying it.A) awayB) downC) outD) into56. Showing some sense of humor can be a(n) ________ way to deal with somestressful situation.A) effectiveB) efficientC) favorableD) favorite57. The situation described in the report ________ terrible, but it may not happen.A) inclinesB) maintainsD) remains58. The company is trying every means to ________ the wholesale price of its products.A) pull downB) put downC) set downD) bring down59. The mayor ________ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed inrescuing the earthquake victims.A) rewardedB) awardedC) creditedD) prized60. The native Canadians lived in ________ with nature, for they respected nature as aprovider of life.A) coordinationB) acquaintanceC) contactD) harmony61. Many people are asking whether traditional research universities in fact have anyfuture ________.A) at allB) so farC) in allD) on end62. I was impressed ________ the efficiency of the work done in the company.A) inB) aboutC) withD) for63. Now in Britain, wines take up four times as much ________ in the storehouse asboth beer and spirits.A) blockC) patchD) space64. His hand shook a little as he ________ the key in the lock.A) squeezedB) insertedC) stuffedD) pierced65. For professional athletes, ________ to the Olympics means that they have a chanceto enter the history books.A) accessB) attachmentC) appealD) approach66. In the long ________, the new information technologies may fundamentally alterour way of life.A) viewB) distanceC) jumpD) run67. All the arrangements should be completed ________ your departure.A) prior toB) superior toC) contrary toD) parallel to68. We need to create education standards that prepare our next generation who will be________ with an even more competitive market.A) tackledB) encounteredC) dealtD) confronted69. In the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle inJapan was ________ equivalent to that in the United States.B) roughlyC) readilyD) coarsely70. Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ________ weradically change way we live.A) butB) althoughC) unlessD) lestPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)We commonly think of sportsmanship in connection with athletic contests, but it also applies to individual outdoor sports. Not everyone who picks up a fishing rod or goes out with a gun is a sportsman. The sportsman first of all obeys the fish and game laws, not because he is liable to be punished as a violator, but because he knows that in the main these laws are made for his best interests.The following are some of the things that those who would qualify for membership in the sportsmanship fraternity (圈内人) will do.1. Take no more game than the bag limit provided for by the fish and game laws. The person who comes back from a trip boasting about the large number of fish or game taken is not a sportsman but a game hog (贪得无厌的捕猎者).2. Observe the unwritten rules of fair play. This means shooting game birds only when the birds are “on the wing”. For the same reason, do not use a shotgun to shoot a rabbit or similar animal while it is sitting or standing still.3. Be careful in removing illegal or undersized fish from the hook. This should be done only after wetting the hands. This is necessary because the body of the fish is covered with a thin, protective film which will stick to your dry hands. If the hands are dry when the fish is handled, the film is torn from the body of the fish. Without the protective film, the fish is more easily attacked by diseases. If you wish to release a fish that is hooked in such a way that it will be impossible to be close to the hook as convenient. In a remarkably short time, the hook will break down and the fish will remain almost unharmed. Fish have been known to feed successfully while hooks were still in their lips.4. Be sure of the identity of your target before you shoot. Many useful and harmless species of wildlife are thoughtlessly killed by the uninformed person who is out with a gun to kill whatever flies within range.S1. In what respect does the author think individual outdoor sports are similar to athletic contests?S2. A person who goes out fishing with a fishing rod or hunting with a gun is not necessarily ________.S3. What’s the most important thing a true sportsman should bear in mind when he goes fishing or hunting ________.S4. Those who violate the fish and game laws will not be ________ for membership in the sportsmanship fraternity.S5. What are people called when they break the bag limit and boast about their big catch?S6. A true sportsman will not shoot an animal which is not ________.S7. What are people advised to do before they remove illegal or undersized fish from the hook?S8. What should sportsman do to avoid killing rare species of wildlife?Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day. You should write at least 120words following the outline given below:1. 向老师致以节日祝贺2. 从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献3. 我如何回报老师的关爱2005年6月四级参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension1. D2. C3. B4. D5. A6. A7. C8. B9. C 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. BPart II Reading Comprehension21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. DPart III41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. D 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B 60. D61. A 62. C 63. D 64. B 65. A 66. D 67. A 68. D 69. B 70. CPart IV Short Answer QuestionsS1. Both of them are in common with sportsmanshipS2. a sportsmanS3. To obey the law.S4. qualifiedS5. A game hog.S6. movingS7. To wet their hands.S8. They should know the identity of the target.。
2005年上海高考英语真题试卷含答案
2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
I．Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A ,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers .At the end of each conversation ,a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it ,read the four possible answers on your paper ,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．A waiter. B．A shop assistant. C．A cashier. D．A postman. 2．A．Weight lifting. B．Running.C．Eating cucumbers. D．Drinking diet coke.3．A．Work with his friends. B．Call on his friends.C．Go for a walk . D．Make a phone call.4．A．In a bookstore . B．In a reading room.C．In a furniture store. D．In the man’s study.5．A．8. B．12. C．20. D．32.6．A．Job hunting. B．An online course.C．Earlier graduation. D．Summer vacation plans. 7．A．Confused. B．Sympathetic. C．Embarrassed. D．Uninterested. 8．A．The air is fresh. B．It’s hot inside.C．The window is open. D．It’s noisy outsi de.9．A．Phone later. B．Try harder. C．Wait for a signal. D．Check the number. 10．A．He lost his way. B．He received a traffic ticket.C．He worked very carefully. D．He drove in heavy traffic.Part B PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages . The passages will be read twice ,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question .read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．Open the cage window. B．Put the cash in the drawer.C．Check the savings accounts. D．Examine the audio system 12．A．Exciting. B．Demanding. C．Boring. D．Relaxing. 13．A．It has flexible working hours. B．The speaker can have more leisure time.C．It requires more organization. D．The speaker can daydream while working. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14．A．A natural disaster. B．A power failure.C．Homeless farmers. D．A serious accident.15．A．Jews and some Arabs. B．Arabs and North Africans.C．Jews and North Africans. D．North Americans and some Arabs. 16．A．Exchange them for banks . B．Save them for travelers.C．Collect them for poor children . D．Spend them on duty-free goods.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C. you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice .After you hear each conversation ,you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form ,Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form ,Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II．Grammar and V ocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25．John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School the beginning of March.A．on B．for C．with D．at26．No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of .A．others B．the other C．either D．another27．There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A．mustn’t B．shan’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t28．At a rough estimate .Nigeria is Great Britain.A．three times the size as B．the size three times ofC．three times as the size of D．three times the size of29．There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ?A．wasn’t there B．was there C．didn’t it D．did it30．More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year.A．sent B．were sent C．had sent D．had been sent 31．Professor Smith ,along with his assistants , on the project day and night to meet the deadline .A．work B．working C．is working D．are working 32．He got well-prepared for the job interview ,for he couldn’t risk the good opportunity.A．to lose B．losing C．to be lost D．being lost33．into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A．Put B．Putting C．Having put D．Being put34．He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it .A．where B．when C．that D．until35．It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at thesports stars.A．had B．having C．to have D．have36．More and more people are signing up for Yogn classes nowadays, advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A．taking B．taken C．having taken D．having been taken 37．At last ,we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and down to eat our picnic lunch.A．sitting B．having sat C．to sit D．sat38．in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A．What is required B．What requires C．It is required D．It requires 39．Never before in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.A．has this city been B．this city has beenC．was this city D．this city was40．If a shop has chairs women can park their men ,women will spend more time in the shop.A．that B．which C．when D．where41．There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we gave up .A．eventually B．unfortunately C．generously D．purposefully 42．The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.A．join B．attract C．stick D．transfer43．He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others.A．temper B．appearance C．talent D．character44．At times ,worrying is a normal, response to a difficult event or situation—a loved one being injured in an accident , for example.A．effective B．individual C．inevitable D．unfavorable III．ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Are yo ur table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home ?Probably so , 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners .You take special pains when you are eating 46 .Have you ever stopped to realize how much less self-conscious you would be on such occasions if 47 table manners had become a habit for you ?You can make them a habit by 48 good table manners at home.Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 .This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.By this time you probably know quite well what good table manners are .You 51 that keeping your arms on the table ,talking with your 52 full ,and wolfing down your food are not considered good manners .You know also that if you are mannerly ,you say “Please” and “Thank you” and ask for things to be passed to you.Have you ever thought of a pleasant attitude as being 53 to good table manners ? Not only are pleasant mealtimes enjoyable ,but they aid digestion .The dinner table is a 54 for enjoyable conversation. It should never become a battleground. You are definitely growing in social maturity（成熟）when you try to be an agreeable table companion.45．A．because B．but C．unless D．though46．A．in public B．at home C．at ease D．in a hurry 47．A．such B．no C．some D．good 48．A．acting B．enjoying C．practicing D．watching 49．A．comfortable B．stressed C．depressed D．outstanding 50．A．dishes B．manners C．atmospheres D．friends 51．A．mention B．prefer C．doubt D．realize 52．A．stomach B．hands C．mouth D．bowl 53．A．essential B．considerate C．obvious D．unusual 54．A．time B．place C．chance D．way(B)There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity . Many artists.55 would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity. 56 , in the late nineteenth century the connections between music andpainting were particularly 57 .Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets ,but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired （给……以灵感）by the work of contemporary painters .Of the musical compositions that were considered as 58 to the visual arts ,perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition.Mussorgsky composed the piece in 1874 after the death ,at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. 59 their friendship had not been a particularly long-fasting one .Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s 60 death.The following year the critic .Vladimir. Stasov who decided to hold an exhibition of Hartmann’s work,suggested that Mussorgsky try to 61 his grief by writing something in memory of Hartmann.The exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are intended as 62 rather than representations of the paintings in the exhibition .Between each is a promenade（舞曲中的行进）, 63 the composer walks from one painting to another .The music is sometimes witty and playful sometimes almost alarming and frightening . Through a range of surprising 64 .Mussorgsky manages to convey the spirit of the artist and his work.55．A．therefore B．however C．moreover D．otherwise 56．A．For example B．On the contrary C．In general D．On the other hand 57．A．separate B．unknown C．close D．relevant 58．A．links B．additions C．responses D．keys 59．A．Before B．Though C．As D．If 60．A．unavoidable B．undiscovered C．unnecessary D．unexpected 61．A．control B．relieve C．conceal D．represent 62．A．symbols B．imaginations C．contributions D．subjects 63．A．but B．for C．once D．as 64．A．paintings B．topics C．contrasts D．visions IV．Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four passages . Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements .For each or them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You either have it , or you don’t –a sense of direction ,that is .But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map ,while others can lose themselves in the next street?Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction ,but it is not property understood how it works .One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if w e don’t use it. we lose it .“Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around.” says Jim Martland .Research Director of the project . “However if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car ,they never develop the sk ills”Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction .He makes the following suggestions.●If you are using a map ,turn it so it relates to the way you are facing.●If you leave your bi ke in a strange place ,put it near something like a big stone or a tree.Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike .When you return ,go backalong the same route●Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town,streams ,or walls in the countryside to guide you .Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are.Now you need never get lost again!65．Scientists believe that .A．some babies are born with a sense of directionB．people learn a sense of direction as they grow olderC．people never lose their sense of directionD．everybody posses a sense of direction from birth66．What is true of seven-year-old children according to the passage?A．They never have a sense of direction without maps.B．They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction.C．They have a sense of direction and can find their way around.D．They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car.67．If you leave your bike in a strange place ,you should .A．tie it to a tree so as to prevent it from being stolenB．draw a map of the route to help remember where it isC．avoid taking the same route when you come back in itD．remember something easily recognizable on the route68．According to the passage the best way to find your way around is to .A．ask policemen for directionsB．use walls . streams , and streets to guide yourself .C．remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs .D．count the number of landmarks that you see .B“Come in . Kim . Have a seat , please .” said Bill Williams , the manager . This was Kim’s first experience with an assessment . After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment was satisfactory“Kim,” began Bill Williams . “I am very pleased with the quality of your work . I have nothing but praise for your devotion and your hard work . My only concern is that you are not active enough in putting forward your suggestions .”“But.” Replied Kim. “I have always completed every assignment you have given me . Mr. Williams.”“I know that , Kim . And please, call me Bill .But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas . I need more input from you —more feedback on how things are going I don’t need a “yes man”. You never tell me what you think . You just smile as though everything is fine .”“But,” said Kim,” “ I feel that since you are my superi or , it would he presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”“I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do .To make suggestions . I employed you because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating you r thoughts to me .”“Yes . I see I’m not accustomed to this , but I will try to do as you say …, Bill”“Good, then , I expect to hear more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me .”“Yes , of course . Thank you Mr. Will…Bill .”69．Kim is the sort of employee who .A．does not speak out his own ideas B．is not devoted to the jobC．laughs too much over work D．can not finish his work on time70．The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “” .A．full of respect B．too confident and rudeC．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet71．From the passage ,we can learn that .A．Kim has been invited to take charge of the staff meetingsB．the manager appreciates those who just do what he tells them to doC．the manager is pleased with Kim’s hard work and his suggestionsD．Kim is likely to have a higher salary if he can pass the assessmentAcross the world , 11 billion people have no access to clean drinking water . More than2.6 bullion people lack basic sanitation (卫生设备) .The combination proves deadly . Each year . diseases related to inadequate water and sanitation kill between 2 and 3 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world . Safe thinking water is a precondition for health and the fight against child death rate , inequality between men and women, and poverty .Consider these facts :●The average distance that women in Africa and Asia walk to collec t water is 6 kilometers .●Only 58 percent of children in sub-Saharan Africa are drinking safe water, and only 37percent of children in South Asia have access to even a basic toilet .●Each year in India alone, 73 million working days are lost to water-borne diseases .Here are three ways you can help :1) Write CongressCurrent U.S. foreign aid for drinking water and sanitation budgets only one dollar per year per American citizen . Few members of Congress have ever received a letter from voters , about cleandrinking water abroad .2) Sponsor a project with a faith-based organizationMany U.S. religious groups already sponsor water and sanitation projects, working with partner organizations abroad . Simply put , a single project by a U.S. organization can make safe water a reality for thousands of people .3) Support nonprofit water organizationsNumerous U.S.-based nonprofits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects related of drinking water and sanitation . Like the sample of non-profits noted as follows , some organizations are large , others small-scale , some operate worldwide , others are devoted to certain areas in Africa , Asia , or Latin America . Support them generously .72．The three facts presented in the passage the used to illustrate that .A．poverty can result in water-borne diseasesB．people have no access to clean drinking waterC．women’s rights are denied in some developing countries .D．safe drinking water should be a primary concern73．The intended readers of the passage are _____________.A．Americans B．overseas sponsorsC．Congressmen D．U.S-based water organizations74．The main purpose of the passage is to call on people to ___________.A．get rid of water-related diseases in developing countriesB．donate money to people short of water through religious groupsC．fight against the worldwide water shortage and sanitation problemD．take joint action in support of some nonprofit water organizations75．What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph?A．A variety of companies and their worldwide operation.B．A list of nonprofit water organizations to make contact with.C．Some ways to get financial aids from U.S. Congress.D．A few water resources exploited by some world-famous organizations.DEquipped only with a pair of binoculars(双筒望远镜) and ready to spend long hours waiting in all weathers for a precious glance of a rare bullfinc h(红腹灰雀). Britain’s birdwatchers had long been supposed to be lovers of a minority sport. But new figures show birdwatching is fast becoming a popular pastime, with almost three million of us absorbed in our fluttering feathered friends.Devoted birdwatchers, those prepared to travel thousands of miles for a sighting of a rare Siberian bird are fast being joined by a new breed of follower whose interest is satiated by watching a few finches(雀科鸣鸟) on a Sunday walk or putting up a bird-box in the back garden.“Almost three million UK birdwatchers is certainly possible if you include everyone with only a casual int erest.” Stephen Moss said in his newly published book－A Bird in the Bush a Social History of Birdwatching－which records the pursuit from the rich Victorian Englishman’s love of shooting rare birds to the less offensive observational tendencies of birdwatchers today.Television wildlife programmes have helped to fuel the new trend . Last summer ,BBC 2’s Britain Goes Wild was a surprise success .It pulled in three million viewers and led to bird-housesselling out across the UK as 45,000 people promised to put up a box.Birdwatchers’ networking system first came to the attention of the nation in 1989, when a birdwatcher caught sight of the first Vermivora chrysoptera-a golden –winged songbird from North America－to be seen in Britain. He put a message our on the network service Birdline, and the next day 3,000 birdwatchers proved the fell pull of a truly rare bird as they visited the Tesco car park in Kent, where it had settled. Today, birdwatchers can log on to or have news of the latest sightings texted to their phones.“Multimillion-pound spending on, binoculars, bird food and boxes point to the increasing numbers of birdwatchers,” said David Cromack, the editor of Bird Watching magazine “The number of people involved is so big that they have great potential to influence government decisions affecting the environment.”76．The word “satiated” in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “”.A．affected B．shared C．satisfied D．narrowed 77．What happened after the message of seeing a Vermivora chrysoptera was put on the network?A．Birdwatchers helped the rare bird settle in Kent.B．Large numbers of birdwatchers went to view the bird.C．Many birdwatchers logged on to the website for details.D．Birdwatchers showed their determination to protect the rare bird.78．Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?A．Television wildlife programmes started the popular pastime of birdwatching.B．The network service has contributed to the rapid development of birdwatching.C．Birdwatching in Britain was long considered a sport with a small group of followers.D．The current situation of birdwatching may promote the protection of the environment. 79．The passage mainly tells us about ___________ in UK.A．the history of birdwatchig B．a growing passion for birdwatchingC．the impact of media on birdwatching D．birdwatcing as a popular expensive sportEDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each80Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands.81The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auctio, maning “increase” The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short82Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture,83An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot I and continue in the order of numbers: he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce84The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the opponents among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other.第Ⅱ卷（共45分）1．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我希望尽快收到你的照片。
2005年高考真题(江西卷)英语试卷及答案
2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江西卷）英语第一卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt ?A．£19.15. B．£9.15. C．£9.18.答案是B.1．How much will the woman pay if she buys two skirts ?A．$18. B．$19. C．$20.2．What will the speakers discuss ?A．A report . B．A computer . C．A report on computer . 3．What are the speakers talking about ?A．A child . B．A room . C．A present .4．What can we learn from this conversation ?A．The woman does not get along well with the man .B．The woman does not get along well with her roommate .C．The man will talk with the woman’s roommate .5．Where are the two speakers now ?A．On the first floor . B．On the fourth floor . C．On the fifth floor.第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。
2005年考研数学真题
2005年考研数学（三）真题一、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，满分24分. 把答案填在题中横线上）（1）极限12sinlim 2+∞→x xx x = . （2） 微分方程0=+'y y x 满足初始条件2)1(=y 的特解为______. （3）设二元函数)1ln()1(y x xe z y x +++=+，则=)0,1(dz________.（4）设行向量组)1,1,1,2(，),,1,2(a a ，),1,2,3(a ，)1,2,3,4(线性相关，且1≠a ，则a=_____. （5）从数1,2,3,4中任取一个数，记为X, 再从X ,,2,1 中任取一个数，记为Y , 则}2{=Y P =______.（6）设二维随机变量(X,Y) 的概率分布为 X Y 0 1 0 0.4 a 1 b 0.1已知随机事件}0{=X 与}1{=+Y X 相互独立，则a= ， b= .二、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题4分，满分32分. 每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内）（7）当a 取下列哪个值时，函数a x x x x f -+-=1292)(23恰好有两个不同的零点. (A) 2. (B) 4. (C) 6. (D) 8. [ ] （8）设σd y x I D⎰⎰+=221cos,σd y x I D⎰⎰+=)cos(222,σd y x I D⎰⎰+=2223)cos(,其中}1),{(22≤+=y x y x D ，则(A) 123I I I >>. （B ）321I I I >>.(C) 312I I I >>. (D) 213I I I >>. [ ] （9）设,,2,1,0 =>n a n 若∑∞=1n na发散，∑∞=--11)1(n n n a 收敛，则下列结论正确的是(A)∑∞=-112n n a收敛，∑∞=12n na发散 . （B ）∑∞=12n na收敛，∑∞=-112n n a发散.(C))(1212∑∞=-+n n n a a收敛. (D))(1212∑∞=--n n n a a收敛. [ ]（10）设x x x x f cos sin )(+=,下列命题中正确的是(A) f(0)是极大值，)2(πf 是极小值. （B ） f(0)是极小值，)2(πf 是极大值.（C ） f(0)是极大值，)2(πf 也是极大值. (D) f(0)是极小值，)2(πf 也是极小值.[ ]（11）以下四个命题中，正确的是(A) 若)(x f '在（0，1）内连续，则f(x)在（0，1）内有界. （B ）若)(x f 在（0，1）内连续，则f(x)在（0，1）内有界. （C ）若)(x f '在（0，1）内有界，则f(x)在（0，1）内有界.(D) 若)(x f 在（0，1）内有界，则)(x f '在（0，1）内有界. [ ]（12）设矩阵A=33)(⨯ij a 满足T A A =*，其中*A 是A 的伴随矩阵，TA 为A 的转置矩阵. 若131211,,a a a 为三个相等的正数，则11a 为(A)33. (B) 3. (C) 31. (D)3. [ ]（13）设21,λλ是矩阵A 的两个不同的特征值，对应的特征向量分别为21,αα，则1α，)(21αα+A 线性无关的充分必要条件是(A)01=λ. (B) 02=λ. (C) 01≠λ. (D) 02≠λ. [ ]（14） 设一批零件的长度服从正态分布),(2σμN ，其中2,σμ均未知. 现从中随机抽取16个零件，测得样本均值)(20cm x =，样本标准差)(1cm s =，则μ的置信度为0.90的置信区间是(A) )).16(4120),16(4120(05.005.0t t +-(B) )).16(4120),16(4120(1.01.0t t +- (C))).15(4120),15(4120(05.005.0t t +-(D))).15(4120),15(4120(1.01.0t t +- [ ]三 、解答题（本题共9小题，满分94分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.）（15）（本题满分8分） 求).111(lim 0x ex xx --+-→ （16）（本题满分8分）设f(u)具有二阶连续导数，且)()(),(y x yf x y f y x g +=，求.222222y g y x g x ∂∂-∂∂ （17）（本题满分9分）计算二重积分σd y x D⎰⎰-+122，其中}10,10),{(≤≤≤≤=y x y x D .（18）（本题满分9分） 求幂级数∑∞=-+12)1121(n n x n 在区间(-1,1)内的和函数S(x). （19）（本题满分8分）设f(x),g(x)在[0，1]上的导数连续，且f(0)=0,0)(≥'x f ,0)(≥'x g .证明：对任何a ]1,0[∈,有⎰⎰≥'+'ag a f dx x g x f dx x f x g 01).1()()()()()(（20）（本题满分13分） 已知齐次线性方程组（i ） ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=++=++,0,0532,032321321321ax x x x x x x x x和（ii ） ⎩⎨⎧=+++=++,0)1(2,03221321x c x b x cx bx x 同解，求a,b, c 的值.（21）（本题满分13分）设⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=B C C AD T 为正定矩阵，其中A,B 分别为m 阶，n 阶对称矩阵，C 为n m ⨯矩阵. (I) 计算DP P T，其中⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-=-n mE oC A E P 1； （II ）利用(I)的结果判断矩阵C A C B T1--是否为正定矩阵，并证明你的结论. （22）（本题满分13分）设二维随机变量(X,Y)的概率密度为 .,20,10,0,1),(其他x y x y x f <<<<⎩⎨⎧=求：（I ） (X,Y)的边缘概率密度)(),(y f x f Y X ； （II ） Y X Z -=2的概率密度).(z f Z ( III ) }.2121{≤≤X Y P （23）（本题满分13分）设)2(,,,21>n X X X n 为来自总体N(0,2σ)的简单随机样本，X 为样本均值，记.,,2,1,n i X X Y i i =-=求：（I ） i Y 的方差n i DY i ,,2,1, =； （II ）1Y 与n Y 的协方差).,(1n Y Y Cov（III ）若21)(n Y Y c +是2σ的无偏估计量，求常数c.2005年考研数学（三）真题解析一、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，满分24分. 把答案填在题中横线上）（1）极限12sinlim 2+∞→x xx x = 2 . 【分析】 本题属基本题型，直接用无穷小量的等价代换进行计算即可. 【详解】 12sinlim 2+∞→x x x x =.212lim 2=+∞→x xx x （2） 微分方程0=+'y y x 满足初始条件2)1(=y 的特解为 2=xy . 【分析】 直接积分即可.【详解】 原方程可化为 0)(='xy ，积分得 C xy =， 代入初始条件得C=2，故所求特解为 xy=2.（3）设二元函数)1ln()1(y x xe z y x +++=+，则=)0,1(dz dy e edx )2(2++ .【分析】 基本题型，直接套用相应的公式即可. 【详解】)1l n (y xe e xzy x y x +++=∂∂++,yx xe y z y x +++=∂∂+11, 于是 =)0,1(dzdy e edx )2(2++.（4）设行向量组)1,1,1,2(，),,1,2(a a ，),1,2,3(a ，)1,2,3,4(线性相关，且1≠a ，则a= 21 . 【分析】 四个4维向量线性相关，必有其对应行列式为零，由此即可确定a.【详解】 由题设，有=1234123121112aa a 0)12)(1(=--a a , 得21,1==a a ，但题设1≠a ，故.21=a（5）从数1,2,3,4中任取一个数，记为X, 再从X ,,2,1 中任取一个数，记为Y , 则}2{=Y P =4813 . 【分析】 本题涉及到两次随机试验，想到用全概率公式, 且第一次试验的各种两两互不相容的结果即为完备事件组或样本空间的划分.【详解】 }2{=Y P =}12{}1{===X Y P X P +}22{}2{===X Y P X P+}32{}3{===X Y P X P +}42{}4{===X Y P X P =.4813)4131210(41=+++⨯ （6）设二维随机变量(X,Y) 的概率分布为X Y 0 1 0 0.4 a 1 b 0.1已知随机事件}0{=X 与}1{=+Y X 相互独立，则a= 0.4 , b= 0.1 .【分析】 首先所有概率求和为1，可得a+b=0.5, 其次，利用事件的独立性又可得一等式，由此可确定a,b 的取值.【详解】 由题设，知 a+b=0.5又事件}0{=X 与}1{=+Y X 相互独立，于是有}1{}0{}1,0{=+===+=Y X P X P Y X X P ， 即 a=))(4.0(b a a ++, 由此可解得 a=0.4, b=0.1二、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题4分，满分32分. 每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内）（7）当a 取下列哪个值时，函数a x x x x f -+-=1292)(23恰好有两个不同的零点.(A) 2. (B) 4. (C) 6. (D) 8. [ B ]【分析】 先求出可能极值点，再利用单调性与极值画出函数对应简单图形进行分析，当恰好有一个极值为零时，函数f(x)恰好有两个不同的零点.【详解】 12186)(2+-='x x x f =)2)(1(6--x x ，知可能极值点为x=1,x=2，且a f a f -=-=4)2(,5)1(，可见当a=4时，函数f(x) 恰好有两个零点，故应选(B). （8）设σd y x I D⎰⎰+=221cos ,σd y x I D ⎰⎰+=)cos(222,σd y x I D⎰⎰+=2223)cos(,其中}1),{(22≤+=y x y x D ，则(A) 123I I I >>. （B ）321I I I >>.(C) 312I I I >>. (D) 213I I I >>. [ A ]【分析】 关键在于比较22y x +、22y x +与222)(y x +在区域}1),{(22≤+=y x y x D 上的大小. 【详解】 在区域}1),{(22≤+=y x y x D 上，有1022≤+≤y x ，从而有2212y x +≥>π≥22y x +≥0)(222≥+y x由于cosx 在)2,0(π上为单调减函数，于是22c o s 0y x +≤)c o s (22y x +≤≤222)c o s (y x +因此<+⎰⎰σd y x D22cos<+⎰⎰σd y x D)cos(22σd y x D⎰⎰+222)cos(，故应选(A). （9）设,,2,1,0 =>n a n 若∑∞=1n n a 发散，∑∞=--11)1(n n n a 收敛，则下列结论正确的是 (A)∑∞=-112n n a收敛，∑∞=12n na发散 . （B ）∑∞=12n na收敛，∑∞=-112n n a发散.(C))(1212∑∞=-+n n n a a收敛. (D))(1212∑∞=--n n n a a收敛. [ D ]【分析】 可通过反例用排除法找到正确答案.【详解】 取n a n 1=，则∑∞=1n n a 发散，∑∞=--11)1(n n n a 收敛，但∑∞=-112n n a与∑∞=12n na均发散，排除(A),(B)选项，且)(1212∑∞=-+n n n a a发散，进一步排除(C), 故应选(D).事实上，级数)(1212∑∞=--n n n a a的部分和数列极限存在.（10）设x x x x f cos sin )(+=,下列命题中正确的是(B) f(0)是极大值，)2(πf 是极小值. （B ） f(0)是极小值，)2(πf 是极大值.（C ） f(0)是极大值，)2(πf 也是极大值. (D) f(0)是极小值，)2(πf 也是极小值.[ B ]【分析】 先求出)(),(x f x f '''，再用取极值的充分条件判断即可.【详解】 x x x x x x x f cos sin cos sin )(=-+='，显然 0)2(,0)0(='='πf f ，又 x x x x f s i n c o s)(-=''，且02)2(,01)0(<-=''>=''ππf f ，故f(0)是极小值，)2(πf 是极大值，应选(B).（11）以下四个命题中，正确的是(A) 若)(x f '在（0，1）内连续，则f(x)在（0，1）内有界. （B ）若)(x f 在（0，1）内连续，则f(x)在（0，1）内有界.（C ）若)(x f '在（0，1）内有界，则f(x)在（0，1）内有界.(D) 若)(x f 在（0，1）内有界，则)(x f '在（0，1）内有界. [ C ] 【分析】 通过反例用排除法找到正确答案即可. 【详解】 设f(x)=x 1, 则f(x)及21)(xx f -='均在（0，1）内连续，但f(x)在（0，1）内无界，排除(A)、(B); 又x x f =)(在（0，1）内有界，但xx f 21)(='在（0，1）内无界，排除(D). 故应选(C).（12）设矩阵A=33)(⨯ij a 满足TA A =*，其中*A 是A 的伴随矩阵，TA 为A 的转置矩阵. 若131211,,a a a 为三个相等的正数，则11a 为(A)33. (B) 3. (C) 31. (D)3. [ A ]【分析】 题设与A 的伴随矩阵有关，一般联想到用行列展开定理和相应公式：.**E A A A AA ==.【详解】 由TA A =*及E A A A AA ==**，有3,2,1,,==j i A a ij ij ，其中ij A 为ij a 的代数余子式，且032=⇒=⇒=A A AE A AA T或1=A而03211131312121111≠=++=a A a A a A a A ，于是1=A ，且.3311=a 故正确选项为(A). （13）设21,λλ是矩阵A 的两个不同的特征值，对应的特征向量分别为21,αα，则1α，)(21αα+A 线性无关的充分必要条件是(A)01=λ. (B) 02=λ. (C) 01≠λ. (D) 02≠λ. [ D ]【分析】 讨论一组抽象向量的线性无关性，可用定义或转化为求其秩即可. 【详解】 方法一：令 0)(21211=++αααA k k ，则022211211=++αλαλαk k k ， 0)(2221121=++αλαλk k k . 由于21,αα线性无关，于是有⎩⎨⎧==+.0,022121λλk k k当02≠λ时，显然有0,021==k k ，此时1α，)(21αα+A 线性无关；反过来，若1α，)(21αα+A线性无关，则必然有02≠λ(,否则，1α与)(21αα+A =11αλ线性相关)，故应选(B).方法二： 由于 ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=+=+21212211121101],[],[)](,[λλαααλαλααααA ， 可见1α，)(21αα+A 线性无关的充要条件是.001221≠=λλλ故应选(D).（14） 设一批零件的长度服从正态分布),(2σμN ，其中2,σμ均未知. 现从中随机抽取16个零件，测得样本均值)(20cm x =，样本标准差)(1cm s =，则μ的置信度为0.90的置信区间是(A) )).16(4120),16(4120(05.005.0t t +-(B) )).16(4120),16(4120(1.01.0t t +- (C))).15(4120),15(4120(05.005.0t t +-(D))).15(4120),15(4120(1.01.0t t +- [ C ]【分析】 总体方差未知，求期望的区间估计，用统计量：).1(~--n t ns x μ【详解】 由正态总体抽样分布的性质知，)1(~--n t ns x μ， 故μ的置信度为0.90的置信区间是))1(1),1(1(22-+--n t n x n t nx αα，即)).15(4120),15(4120(05.005.0t t +-故应选(C).三 、解答题（本题共9小题，满分94分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.）（15）（本题满分8分）求).111(lim 0xe x x x --+-→【分析】 ""∞-∞型未定式，一般先通分，再用罗必塔法则.【详解】 )1(1lim )111(lim 200x xx x x e x e x x x e x --→-→-+-+=--+ =2201lim x e x x x x -→+-+ =x e x x x 221lim 0-→-+=.2322lim0=+-→x x e （16）（本题满分8分）设f(u)具有二阶连续导数，且)()(),(y x yf x y f y x g +=，求.222222yg y x g x ∂∂-∂∂ 【分析】 先求出二阶偏导数，再代入相应表达式即可.【详解】 由已知条件可得)()(2y x f x y f xy x g '+'-=∂∂， )(1)()(242322y xf y y x f xy x y f x y x g ''+''+'=∂∂，)()()(1yxf y x y x f x y f x yg '-+'=∂∂， )()()()(13222222y xf yx y x f y x y x f y x x y f x y g ''+'+'-''=∂∂， 所以 222222yg y x g x ∂∂-∂∂ =)()()(2222y x f y x y x f x y x y f x y ''+''+')()(222y x f y x x y f xy ''-''-=).(2xy f x y ' （17）（本题满分9分） 计算二重积分σd y x D⎰⎰-+122，其中}10,10),{(≤≤≤≤=y x y x D .【分析】 被积函数含有绝对值，应当作分区域函数看待，利用积分的可加性分区域积分即可.【详解】 记}),(,1),{(221D y x y x y x D ∈≤+=，}),(,1),{(222D y x y x y x D ∈>+=，于是σd y x D⎰⎰-+122=⎰⎰-+-1)1(22D dxdy y x ⎰⎰-++2)1(22D dxdy y x=⎰⎰--2021)1(πθrdr r d ⎰⎰-++Ddxdy y x )1(22⎰⎰-+-1)1(22D dxdy y x=8π+⎰⎰⎰⎰---+20102210210)1()1(πθrdr r d dy y x dx =.314-π（18）（本题满分9分） 求幂级数∑∞=-+12)1121(n n x n 在区间(-1,1)内的和函数S(x).【分析】幂级数求和函数一般采用逐项求导或逐项积分，转化为几何级数或已知函数的幂级数展开式，从而达到求和的目的.【详解】 设∑∞=-+=12)1121()(n n x n x S ， ∑∞=+=121121)(n n x n x S ，∑∞==122)(n n x x S ，则 )()()(21x S x S x S -=，).1,1(-∈x由于∑∞==122)(n n xx S =221x x -， )1,1(,1))((22121-∈-=='∑∞=x xx xx xS n n , 因此 ⎰-++-=-=xx x x dt t t x xS 022111ln 211)(， 又由于 0)0(1=S ，故.0,1,0,11ln 211)(1=<⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-++-=x x x x x x S 所以 )()()(21x S x S x S -=.0,1,0,1111ln 212=<⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧---+=x x x x x x （19）（本题满分8分）设f(x),g(x)在[0，1]上的导数连续，且f(0)=0,0)(≥'x f ,0)(≥'x g .证明：对任何a ]1,0[∈,有⎰⎰≥'+'ag a f dx x g x f dx x f x g 010).1()()()()()( 【分析】 可用参数变易法转化为函数不等式证明，或根据被积函数的形式，通过分部积分讨论.【详解】 方法一：设=)(x F ⎰⎰-'+'x g x f dt t g t f dt t f t g 010)1()()()()()(， 则F(x)在[0，1]上的导数连续，并且=')(x F )]1()()[()1()()()(g x g x f g x f x f x g -'='-'，由于]1,0[∈x 时，0)(,0)(≥'≥'x g x f ，因此0)(≤'x F ，即F(x)在[0，1]上单调递减.注意到=)1(F ⎰⎰-'+'1010)1()1()()()()(g f dt t g t f dt t f t g ， 而 ⎰⎰⎰'-=='10101010)()()()()()()()(dt t g t f t f t g t df t g dt t f t g =⎰'-10)()()1()1(dt t g t f g f ，故F(1)=0. 因此]1,0[∈x 时，0)(≥x F ，由此可得对任何]1,0[∈a ，有⎰⎰≥'+'a g a f dx x g x f dx x f x g 010).1()()()()()(方法二：⎰⎰'-='aaa dx x g x f x f x g dx x f x g 000)()()()()()( =⎰'-a dx x g x f a g a f 0)()()()(， ⎰⎰'+'adx x g x f dx x f x g 010)()()()( =⎰⎰'+'-100)()()()()()(dx x g x f dx x g x f a g a f a ⎰'+1.)()()()(a dx x g x f a g a f由于]1,0[∈x 时，0)(≥'x g ，因此)()()()(x g a f x g x f '≥'，]1,[a x ∈，⎰⎰-='≥'1010)]()1()[()()()()(a g g a f dx x g a f dx x g x f ， 从而 ⎰⎰'+'a dx x g x f dx x f x g 010)()()()( ).1()()]()1()[()()(g a f a g g a f a g a f =-+≥（20）（本题满分13分）已知齐次线性方程组（i ） ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=++=++,0,0532,032321321321ax x x x x x x x x和（ii ） ⎩⎨⎧=+++=++,0)1(2,03221321x c x b x cx bx x 同解，求a,b, c 的值.【分析】 方程组（ii ）显然有无穷多解，于是方程组（i ）也有无穷多解，从而可确定a ，这样先求出（i ）的通解，再代入方程组（ii ）确定b,c 即可.【详解】 方程组（ii ）的未知量个数大于方程个数，故方程组方程组（ii ）有无穷多解.因为方程组（i ）与（ii ）同解，所以方程组（i ）的系数矩阵的秩小于3.对方程组（i ）的系数矩阵施以初等行变换⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡-→⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡20011010111532321a a ， 从而a=2. 此时，方程组（i ）的系数矩阵可化为⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡→⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡000110101211532321， 故T )1,1,1(--是方程组（i ）的一个基础解系.将1,1,1321=-=-=x x x 代入方程组（ii ）可得2,1==c b 或.1,0==c b当2,1==c b 时，对方程组（ii ）的系数矩阵施以初等行变换，有⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡→⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡110101312211， 显然此时方程组（i ）与（ii ）同解.当1,0==c b 时，对方程组（ii ）的系数矩阵施以初等行变换，有⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡→⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡000101202101， 显然此时方程组（i ）与（ii ）的解不相同.综上所述，当a=2,b=1,c=2时，方程组（i ）与（ii ）同解.（21）（本题满分13分）设⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=B CC AD T 为正定矩阵，其中A,B 分别为m 阶，n 阶对称矩阵，C 为n m ⨯矩阵. (I) 计算DP P T ，其中⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-=-n mE oC A E P 1； （II ）利用(I)的结果判断矩阵C A C B T 1--是否为正定矩阵，并证明你的结论.【分析】 第一部分直接利用分块矩阵的乘法即可；第二部分是讨论抽象矩阵的正定性，一般用定义.【详解】 (I) 因 ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-=-n T mT E A C o E P 1，有 DP P T =⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--n T m E A C o E 1⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡B C C A T ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--n m E o C A E 1 =⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--C A C B o C A T 1⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--n m E oC A E 1 =⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--C A C B o o A T 1. （II ）矩阵C A C B T 1--是正定矩阵.由(I)的结果可知，矩阵D 合同于矩阵.1⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-=-C A C B o o A M T 又D 为正定矩阵，可知矩阵M 为正定矩阵.因矩阵M 为对称矩阵，故C A C B T 1--为对称矩阵. 对T X )0,,0,0( =及任意的0),,,(21≠=T n y y y Y ，有.0)(),(11>-=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛---Y C A C B Y Y X C A C B o o A Y X T T T T T 故C A C B T 1--为正定矩阵. （22）（本题满分13分）设二维随机变量(X,Y)的概率密度为.,20,10,0,1),(其他x y x y x f <<<<⎩⎨⎧= 求：（I ） (X,Y)的边缘概率密度)(),(y f x f Y X ；（II ） Y X Z -=2的概率密度).(z f Z( III ) }.2121{≤≤X Y P 【分析】 求边缘概率密度直接用公式即可；而求二维随机变量函数的概率密度，一般用分布函数法，即先用定义求出分布函数，再求导得到相应的概率密度; 直接用条件概率公式计算即可.【详解】 （I ） 关于X 的边缘概率密度)(x f X =⎰+∞∞-dy y x f ),(=.,10,0,20其他<<⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎰x dy x=.,10,0,2其他<<⎩⎨⎧x x 关于Y 的边缘概率密度)(y f Y =⎰+∞∞-dx y x f ),(=.,20,0,12其他<<⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎰y dx y =.,20,0,21其他<<⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-y y （II ） 令}2{}{)(z Y X P z Z P z F Z ≤-=≤=，1） 当0<z 时，0}2{)(=≤-=z Y X P z F Z ；2） 当20<≤z 时，}2{)(z Y X P z F Z ≤-= =241z z -; 3) 当2≥z 时，.1}2{)(=≤-=z Y X P z F Z即分布函数为： .2,20,0,1,41,0)(2≥<≤<⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=z z z z z z F Z 故所求的概率密度为：.,20,0,211)(其他<<⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=z z z f Z （III ） .4341163}21{}21,21{}2121{==≤≤≤=≤≤X P Y X P X Y P （23）（本题满分13分）设)2(,,,21>n X X X n 为来自总体N(0,2σ)的简单随机样本，X 为样本均值，记.,,2,1,n i X X Y i i =-=求：（I ） i Y 的方差n i DY i ,,2,1, =；（II ）1Y 与n Y 的协方差).,(1n Y Y Cov（III ）若21)(n Y Y c +是2σ的无偏估计量，求常数c.【分析】 先将i Y 表示为相互独立的随机变量求和，再用方差的性质进行计算即可；求1Y 与n Y 的协方差),(1n Y Y Cov ，本质上还是数学期望的计算，同样应注意利用数学期望的运算性质；估计21)(n Y Y c +，利用其数学期望等于2σ确定c 即可.【详解】 由题设，知)2(,,,21>n X X X n 相互独立，且 ),,2,1(,02n i DX EX i i ===σ，.0=X E（I ）∑≠--=-=nij j i i i X n X n D X X D DY ]1)11[()( =∑≠+-n i j j i DXn DX n 221)11(=.1)1(1)1(222222σσσn n n n n n -=-⋅+- （II ） )])([(),(111n n n EY Y EY Y E Y Y Cov --= =)])([()(11X X X X E Y Y E n n --= =)(211X X X X X X X E n n +-- =211)(2)(X E X X E X X E n +-=22121)(][20X E X D X X X E n n j j +++-∑= =.112222σσσn n n -=+- （III ）)(])([121n n Y Y cD Y Y c E +=+ =)],(2[121n Y Y Cov DY DY c ++ =222)2(2]211[σσσ=-=--+-c n n n n n n n c ， 故 .)2(2-=n n c。
2005年河南郑州中考语文真题及答案
2005年河南郑州中考语文真题及答案注意事项：1．本试卷共10页，四个大题，满分100分，考试时间120分钟。
请用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上。
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一．积累与运用（共21分）1．请用楷书写一句你喜欢的或自创的读书格言。
要求书写规范、端正、整洁，不少于8个字。
（3分）2．下列词语中加点字的注音有误的一项是（）（2分）A．差．（chāi）使寻觅．（mì）懦．（nuò）弱随声附和．（hè）B．蹒．（pán）跚不屑．（xiè）热忱．（chén）惟妙惟肖．（xiào）C．阔绰．（zhuó）魁．（kuí）梧粗犷．（kuàng）相形见绌．（chù）D．酝酿．（niàng）狼籍．（jí）秀颀．（qí）地大物博．（bó）3．修改下面一段话中画线的语句，使其语意连贯，没有语病。
（2分）光阴是一把神奇而又无情的雕刻刀，在天地之间创造着种种奇迹。
它能把坚冰融化成春水，把幼苗扶持成大树。
当然，它也能把园林变成荒漠，a把废墟变成城市。
你珍惜它，它就在你周围长出绿阴，结出沉甸甸的果实；你漠视它，它就化成轻烟，b消失得销声匿迹。
改正：a：__________________________________________________b：__________________________________________________4．古诗文默写。
（共8分）（1）居庙堂之高则忧其民；__________________。
（范仲淹《岳阳楼记》）（1分）（2）________________________，蜡炬成灰泪始干。
（李商隐《无题》）（1分）（3）岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》中以花喻雪的两句诗是：___________________________，___________________________。
2005年天津高考文科综合真题及答案
2005年天津高考文科综合真题及答案本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共300分，考试用时150分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共140分）注意：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号、科目涂写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。
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答在试卷上的无效。
一、本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
每年2月2日为“世界湿地日”。
湿地主要是指沼泽、泥炭地、河流、湖泊、海岸带，以及人工水田、水库和池塘。
读图1回答1~2题。
1．图1中非湿地为（）A．①B．②C．③D．④2．湿地的功能或用途应是（）A．扩大耕地的后备资源B．当地径流的调节系统C．难以利用的淡水资源D．扩建城区的理想用地2001年中国东方航空公司穿越北极的国际航线试飞成功，从上海（31°N，121°E）至芝加哥（42°N，88°W）仅用15小时35分钟。
读图2、图3及相关材料，回答3~6题。
3．若飞机于北京时间5月20日5时55分从上海飞往芝加哥（）A．一路上都是白天B．伦敦会位于飞机的正北方向C．北极星的高度保持不变 D．经极点附近飞机罗盘不受干扰4．阳光直射图2中曼萨尼约港口（19°N）那天，晨昏线（圈）与纬线圈切点的纬度和正午太阳高度分别是（）A．66°34′S和38° B．66°34′N和38°C．71°S和0° D．71°N和0°5．在5月份，开普敦（）A．昼长于夜且昼逐渐变短 B．昼长于夜且昼逐渐变长C．昼短于夜且昼逐渐变短 D．昼短于夜且昼逐渐变长2005年4月2日，我国“大洋一号”科学考察船驶离青岛港，开始首次环球大洋科学考察。
2005_专八真题_附带答案解析
2005年英语专业八级考试试题原题及参考答案2005年03月06日TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2005)-GRADE EIGHTPARTI LISTENING COMPREHENSION(30MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear amini-lecture.You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening,take notes on the important points.Yournotes will not be marked,but you will need them to complete agap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over,youwill be given two minutes to check your notes,and another ten minutesto complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET e the blanksheet for note-taking.Writing a Research PaperI.Research Papers and Ordinary Essay A.Similarity in(1)__________:e.g.—choosing a topic—asking questions—identifying the audienceB.Difference mainly in terms of(2)___________1.research papers:printed sources2.ordinary essay:ideas in one's(3) ___________II.Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA.Number of basic types:twoB.Characteristics:1.survey-type paper:—to gather(4)___________—to quote—to(5)_____________—to question,etc.b.(7)_________varies with the topic, e.g.—to recommend an action,etc.324III.How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic,it is important to (8)__________.Question No.1:your familiarity with the topicQuestion No.2:Availability of relevant information on the chosentopicQuestion No.3:Narrowing the topic down to(9)_________Question No.4:Asking questions about (10)___________The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover itspossibilities.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefullyand then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer toeach question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions1to5are based on an interview. At the end of the interviewyou will be given10seconds to answer each of the following fivequestions.Now listen to the interview.1.What is the purpose of Professor McKay's report?A.To look into the mental health of old people.B.To explain why people have negative views on old age.C.To help correct some false beliefsProfessor McKay's view?A.People change in old age a lot more than at the age of21.B.There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C.We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D.We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3.According to Professor McKay's report,A.family love is gradually disappearing.B.it is hard to comment on family feeling.C.more children are indifferent to their parents.D.family love remains as strong as ever.4.Professor McKay is________towards the tendency of more parents325living apart from their children.A.negativeB.positiveC.ambiguousD.neutral5.The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provideevidence against isA.old-age sickness.B.loose family ties.C.poor mental abilities.D.difficulities in maths.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefullyand then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer toeach question on your coloured answer sheet.news.6.Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA.eliminate bacteria.B.treat burns.C.Speed up recovery.D.reduce treatment cost.Question7is based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to thenews.7.What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A.It is featured by high technology.B.It allows you to imitate famous singers.C.It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D.It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question8is based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to thenews.3268.China's Internet users had reached _________by the end of June.A.68millionB.8.9millionC.10millionD. 1.5millionQuestion9and10are based on the following news.At the end of thenews item,you will be given20seconds to answer the question.Nowlisten to the news.9.According to the WTO,Chinese exports rose_________last year.10.According to the news,which trading nation in the top10hasreported a5per cent fall in exports?A.The UK.B.The US.C.Japan.D.Germany.PART II READING COMPREHENSION(30MIN) TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart.I had managedto sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow.It was that strangehour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward inthe twilight.I marched among thousands of tired men and women whomthe factory whistles had unyoked.They flowed in rivers through theclothing factory districts,then down along the avenues to the EastSide.I met my father near Cooper Union.I recognized him,a hunched,frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart.He looked so lonely,the tears came to my eyes.Then he saw me,and his face lit with hissad,beautiful smile-Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch,it's Mikey,"he said."So you have sold your papers!Come and327eat a banana."He offered me one.I refused it.I felt it crucial that my father sellhis bananas,not give them away.He thought I was shy,and coaxed andjoked with me,and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and"What can I do?No one seems to want them."It was true.The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements.The rusty sky darkened over New York building,the tall street lampswere lit,innumerable trucks,street cars and elevated trains clattered by.Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father'sbananas."I ought to yell,"said my father dolefully."I ought to make a bignoise like other peddlers,but it makes my throat sore.Anyway,I'mashamed of yelling,it makes me feel like a fool."I had eaten one of his bananas.My sick conscience told me that I oughtto pay for it somehow.I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you,pop,"I volunteered. "Arch,no,"he said,"go home;you have worked enough today.Just tellmomma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled.My father, standing by,spoke occasional wordsof praise,and said I was a wonderful yeller.Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly;a defeated army wrappedin dreams of home.Elevated trains crashed;the Cooper Union clockburned above us;the sky grew black,the wind poured,the slush burnedthrough our shoes.There were thousands of strange,silent figurespouring over the sidewalks in snow.None of them stopped to buy bananas.I yelled and yelled,nobody listened.today!Let's go home."I was frantic,and almost in tears.I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells.But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11."unyoked"in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA.sent outB.releasedC.dispatched328D.removed12.Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicatedcrowds of people?A.Thousands ofB.FlowedC.PouringD.Unyoked13.Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A.Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B.Weather conditions and street lamps.C.Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D.Moving crowds and street traffic.14.Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe thecharacter of the son?passionateB.ResponsibleC.ShyD.Determined15.What is the theme of the story?A.The misery of the factory workers.B.How to survive in a harsh environment.C.Generation gap between the father and the son.D.Love between the father and the son.C.AppreciativeD.Difficult to tellTEXT B提示：原文出自美国时代杂志（TIME）日期Jan.29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance作者AN K.SMITH, M.D.329When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeksago,he joined a group of more than 350,000elderly Americans whofracture their hips each year.At89and suffering from advancedAlzheimer's disease,Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups forthis type of accident.The incidence of hip fractures not only increasesafter age50but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases.Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hipfractures;weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously.But fallingis the major cause,representing90%of all hip fractures.These......17.The following are all specific measures to guard against injurieswith the EXCEPTION ofA.removal of throw rugs.B.easy access to devicesC.installation of grab barsD.re-arrangement of furniture18.In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A.The third paragraphB.The first paragraphC.The last paragraphfracturesB.emphasize the importance of health precautionsC.discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D.identify the causes of hip fractures. TEXT C提示：原文同2003年专八英译汉翻译试题相同In his classic novel,"The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has hishero,a land developer,take his cousin on a tour of the city he isbuilding.He describes the broad streets, rows of houses,a teemingmetropolis.But his cousin looks around bewildered.All she sees isa forest."Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to330show me?"she asks.He's astonished she can't see them."Where!Everywhere,"he replies.For though they are not yet built on earth,he has built them in his mind,and they as concrete to him as if theywere already constructed and finished. Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait,future-mindedness:the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future;the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionallyattached to things to come.As Albert Einstein once said,"Life forthe American is always becoming,never being."......20.The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the_________perspective.21.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT broughtabout by future-mindedness?A.Economic stagnationB.Environmental destructionC.High divorce ratesD.Neglect of history22.The word"pooh-pooh"in the sixth paragraph meansA.appreciateB.praiseC.shunD.ridicule23.According to the passage,people at present can forecast________of a new round of future-mindedness.A.the natureB.the locationC.the varietyD.the features24.The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of331future-mindedness will focus onA.how it comes into beingB.how it functionsC.what it brings aboutD.what it is related to.TEXT D25.The phrase"men's sureness of their sex role"in the first paragraph suggests that theyA.are confident in their ability to charm women.B.take the initiative in courtship.C.have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D.tend to be more immoral than women are.26.The third paragraph does NOT claim that menC.doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D.forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27.The third paragraphA.generally agrees with the first paragraphB.has no connection with the first paragraphC.repeats the argument of the second paragraphD.contradicts the last paragraph28.At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorousexaggeration in order toA.show that men are stronger than womenB.carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC.support the first sentence of the same paragraphD.disown the ideas he is expressing29.The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA.is based on the study of archaeologyB.illustrates how people expect men to behaveC.is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD.proves that the man,not woman,should be the wooer33230.The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationshipbetween man and woman which the authorA.approves ofB.argues is naturalpletely rejectsD.expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10MIN) 31.______is the capital city of Canada.32.U.S.presidents normally serves a(an) _________term.A.two-yearB.four-year√C.six-yearD.eight-year33.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast,U.S.?A.Huston.√B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.34.________is the state church in England.A.The Roman Catholic Church.B.The Baptist ChurchC.The Protestant ChurchD.The Church of England√注：The Church of England is theofficially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwideAnglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.33335.The novel Emma is written byA.Mary Shelley.B.Charlotte Bront?.C.Elizabeth C.Gaskell.D.Jane Austen.√36.Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A.William Wordsworth.B.George Elliot.√C.George G.Byron.D.Percy B.Shelley.37.William Sidney Porter,known as O. Henry,is most famous forA.his poems.Sydney Porter(September11,1862-June5,1910),He was famous for his short stories and a masterof the surprise ending,O.Henry isremembered best for such enduring favorites as"The Gift of the Magi"and "The Ransom of Red Chief."The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basisof their universal appeal.38.Syntax is the study ofnguage functions.B.sentence structures.√C.textual organization.D.word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a.The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentencestructure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b.A publication,such as a book,that presents such rules.c.The pattern of formation of sentencesor phrases in a language.d.Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.33439.Which of the following is NOT adistinctive feature of humanlanguage?A.Arbitrariness.任意性B.Productivity.丰富性C.Cultural transmission.文化传播性D.Finiteness.局限性？注：design feature:features that definetransmission,etc.相关内容请点击查看：胡___________壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案40.The speech act theory was first put forward byA.John Searle.B.John Austin.√C.Noam Chomsky.D.M.A.K.Halliday.注：John Langshaw Austin(March28,1911-February8,1960)was aphilosopher of language,who developed much of the current theory ofspeech acts.He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College,Oxford.After serving in MI6during World War II,Austin became White'sProfessor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in theBritish philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order toelucidate meaning.PART V TRANSLATION（60MIN）提示：今年专八翻译部分的选材均出自《散文佳作108篇(汉英·英汉对照)》作者：乔萍翟淑蓉宋洪玮，建议大家熟读此书。
2005考研英语一真题2005历年考研英语一真题及答案详解考研英语一真题官方最全
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child littleto say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and gro om’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circleof happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: the divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A] breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)T ext 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―i nci t e excessive thinnes s‖ by promoting ext r em e dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ul t ra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep –and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and sixmonths in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: ―We are aware of and take responsibility for the im pact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young peopl e.‖ The char t er’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionW eek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] W ebsites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for .[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about model’s character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryT ext 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. W hile polls show B r i t ons rate ―t he countrysi de‖alongside the royal f a m ily, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save ―t he beauty of natural places for everyone forever‖.I t was specifically to provide ci t y dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience ―a refreshing air‖.H ill’s pr essur e later led to the creat ion of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any m or e, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising ―o f f-pl an‖building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farage’s speech this year to the Campaign to Protec t Rural Engandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that ―h ousing crisi s‖ equals ―c oncreted meadow s‖ is pure lobby talk. The issue i s not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. W e do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, B r i t ai n is Europe’s m ost crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative –the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside _.[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS[C] is fully backed by the royal family [D]is not well reflected in politics27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being .[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectively reinforced[C] largely overshadowed[D] properly protected28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon ―off-plan‖building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence. [D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’sPreference .[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis [D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of .[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of busines s,‖ wrote Mi l t on Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist. ―That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit s.‖ B ut even if you accept F r i edman's premise and regard corporate soc i al responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate last year by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a ―s i gnal‖that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the go od causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse ―ha lo ef f ect‖,whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent paper attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCP A). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the authors conclude that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do se em to be influenced by a company's record in C S R.―We estimate that ei t her eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign official s,‖ says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do -gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with _.[A ] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_ .[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it against malpractices[C] protecting it from being defamed[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression ―more lenient‖(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a compa n y’s CSR record .[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A ] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.T ext 4There will eventually come a day when The New Y ork Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though printad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.* "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at The New Y ork Times? "I wouldn’t pick a year to end print," he said. "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it as a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. The New Y ork Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to .[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the increasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should _.[A] seek new sources of readership[B] end the print edition for good[C] aim for efficient management[D] make strategic adjustments38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a ―l eg acy product‖.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world _.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Y our Hand[C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Y our Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections：Read the following texts and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right [D]Understand the context[E] W ork with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between t oda y’s workplace and the ―d ress for succes s‖ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress t-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to inves t in an upgrade?And what’s the bes t way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41.A s an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during t r ans i t i ons—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’r e in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and pr of es sional s.Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and t hat’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’r e hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more―S o H o.‖(I t’s OK to use characterizations like t hat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of yourenvironment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J·Crew·Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. I t’s not asexpensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fuss ing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. I t is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health a nd we don’t know how to gai n ac cess to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our ment al health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. I t’s a form of innate or un learned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. W e think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e ―L i Mi ng‖ i nst ead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part A52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年考研英语一真题参考答案Use of English1. [C] as well as2. [D] decided on3. [C] arrange4. [B] In theory5. [C] After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A] passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A] obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A] whatever17. [B] brought18. [D] divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPart AT ext 121. [B] Physical beauty would be redefined.22. [D] doing harm to23. [A] New standards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsT ext 226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A] gradually destroyed28. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. [D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. [D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust from consumers33. [C] less severe34. [A] has an impact on their decision35. [B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.T ext 436. [A] the high cost of operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the most loyal customers39. [C] aggressiveness better meets challenges40. [C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodPart B41. [C] Decide if the time is right42. [G] Know your goals43. [D] Understand the context44. [E] W ork with professionals45. [F] Make it efficientPart C46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。
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2005年全国保险代理从业人员基本资格考试试题及答案一、单选题（共100题，每小题0.5分，共50分。
每题的备选中，只有一个是正确的．选对0.5分，多选、不选或错选均得0分）1．保险作为风险管理的一种方法，其基本作用是（）。
A．分散风险，排除损失B．排除风险，提高效益C．消除风险，消化损失D．分散风险，消化损失2．从原理上说，商业保险的物质承担者是（）。
A，国家政府机构B．商业保险基金C．互助保险基金D．赔款准备基金3．保险参与国民收人分配与再分配的形式是（）。
A．收取保险费和上缴利润B，收取保险费和资金运用C．收取保险费和赔付保险金D．收取保险费和提取准备金4．同质风险的集合体是保险风险集合与分散的前提条件之一。
同质风险的含义是（）。
A．风险单位在种类、品质、性能等方面大体相近，但价值差异较大B．风险单位在种类、品质、价值等方面大体相近，但性能差异较大C．风险单位在性能、品质、价值等方面大体相近，但种类差异较大D．风险单位在种类、性能、品质、价值等方面大体相近5．社会保险是指国家通过立法形式，采取强制手段而实施的一种保险。
社会保险的险种包括（）等。
A．财产保险B．责任保险C．信用保险D．失业保险6．在市场经济条件下，保险职能在具体实践中所表现出的效果被称为（）。
A．保险的效益B．保险的本质C．保险的功能D．保险的作用7．不足额保险中的比例赔偿方式的“比例”是指（）。
A．保险金额与保费收人的比例B．保险金额与实际保险价值的比例C．保险价值与保费收人的比例D．个别保险金额与总保费收人的比例8．与保险人订立保险合同，并按照保险合同负有支付保险费义务的人被称为（）。
A．被保险人B．投保人C．受益人D．代理人9．保险合同约定的保险事故或事件发生后，保险人所应承担的保险赔偿或给付责任被称为（）。
A．保险赔偿B．保险给付C．保险保障D．保险责任10．在保险实务中，财产保险合同的主体变更主要是指（）。
A．保险人和投保人的变更B．投保人和受益人的变更C．被保险人和代理人的变更D．投保人和被保险人的变更11．按照我国《保险法》的规定，投保人履行如实告知义务遵循的原则是（）。
A．无限告知原则B．部分告知原则C．全部告知原则D．询问告知原则12．在财产保险合同中，对于被保险人的损失，保险人承担损失赔偿的最高限额是（）。
A．保险标的的账面金额B．保险标的的市场价值C．保险标的的实际损失D．保险标的的保险价值13．李某为其妻购买了10年期的两全保险。
三年后，李某与其妻离婚，该离婚事件对保险合同的影响是（）。
A．该保险合同已丧失保险利益B．保险人无须承担给付保险金的责任C．李妻仍可领取保险金D．李某应该领取保险金14．按我国《保险法》的规定，保险合同中规定的关于保险人责任免除条款的生效条件是（）。
A．保险人在事故发生时向投保人告知该条款B．保险人在订立保险合同时向投保人明确说明该条款C．保险人在保险合同中明确写明该条款D．该条款应得到保险监管部门的批准15．在运用近因原则时，保险人认定近因的关键因素是（）。
A保险人与投保人的关系B．保险人与保险代理人的关系C．保险人与保险风险的关系D．风险因素与损失之间的关系16．代位追偿权利产生的条件之一为导致保险事故发生的责任方是（）。
A被保险人B、第三者C．保险人D．投保人17．在“保险利益应为确定的利益”的含义中，客观上或事实上已经存在的经济利益叫做（）。
A期待利益B．现有利益C．合法利益D．责任利益18．在最大诚信原则基本内容中，弃权与禁止反言的主要约束对象是（）。
A．保险经纪人B．保险代理人C．保险人D．被保险人和投保人19．当相互保险公司的经营有盈利时，盈余最终将归保单持有人所有，其采取的分配方式通常是（）。
A．保单分红B．保单派息C．股东分红D．股东派息20．下面保险业务中，保险人在承保时需要针对每笔业务制定单独费率的业务是（）。
A．企业财产保险B．家庭财产保险C．利润损失保险D．海上保险21．保险理赔原则中，“公平合理”原则的含义是指保险人在理赔中应做到（）。
A．主动、迅速、准确、合理B．重合同、守信用C．实事求是D．准确及时22．与注册资本一起共同构成保险公司偿付能力的保险资金是（）。
A．公积金B．贷款C．开业资本D．预期利润23．明确分出公司和分人公司之间的权利义务关系的协议称为（）。
A．再保险账单B．再保险合同C．分保建议书D．分保要保书24．业务量规模较小的保险公司在提取未决赔款准备金时，适宜采用的方法是（）。
A．年平均估算法B．季平均估算法C．月平均估算法D．逐案估计法25．一个国家、地区或民族的文化传统，如风俗习惯、伦理道德观念、价值观念、宗教信仰、法律和艺术等被称为（）。
A．经济环境B．人口环境C．政治法律环境D．社会文化环境26．一个人在银行的储蓄越多，或者其他金融资产越多，此人对商业养老保险需求的表现为（）。
A．越高B．越低C．稳步增长D．跳跃增长27．保险市场中，市场领导者最常用的策略是（）。
A．扩大总市场需求、保护现有市场占有率和扩大市场占有率策略B．正面进攻、侧翼进攻、围堵进攻和游击战策略C．紧密跟随、有距离跟随和有选择跟随策略D．专业化策略28．保险人通过在各地设立分支机构来完成总代理人所担负的各项任务，从而更有效地控制保险风险的保险代理制度被称为（）A．分公司制度B．地方代理制度C．营业代理制度D．直接报告制度29．在一个保险市场上同时存在两家或两家以上的保险公司，分别垄断某一地区的保险业务，相互间业务不交叉，从而保持完全垄断模式的基本性质的保险市场模式被称为（）。
A．地区型完全垄断B．结构型完全垄断C．专业型完全垄断D．行业型完全垄断30．当我们在市场中销售某种保险商品时发现，保险费率稍微一降，保险公司就不再销售该险种。
说明，这一险种的供给弹性属于（）。
A供给无弹性B．供给无限弹性C．供给富于弹性D．供给缺乏弹性31．保险需求的首要前提是（）。
A．强烈的投保愿望B．风险的客观存在C．足够的购买能力D．保险利益的存在32．既是最早的个人保险组织又是当今世界上最大的保险垄断组织的机构是（）。
A．英国的“劳合社”B．美国的“友邦”C．加拿大的“宏利”．D．法国的“安盛”33．保险代理人在保险人授权范围内，办理保险业务的行为所产生的民事法律责任的承担者是（）。
A．投保人B．代理人C，被保险人D．保险人34．保险代理合同当事人之间，由法律确认的权利和义务被称为（）。
A．保险代理合同的客体B．保险代理合同的利益C．保险代理合同的内容D．保险代理合同的责权35．根据我国《民法通则》的规定，下列法人中，属于社团法人的是（）。
A．保险学院B．保险经纪公司C．保监会D．保险行业协会36．依照我国《民法通则》的规定，无民事行为能力人实施的民事行为属于（）。
A．具有法律约束力的行为B．无效行为C．部分无效行为D．附条件生效行为37．甲某的宠物狗咬伤邻居一个5岁的小孩，根据我国《民法通则》的规定，对此损害承担民事责任的人是（）。
A．甲某B．小孩的家长C．甲某和小孩的家长各担50％D．主要由甲某承担，小孩的家长适当承担部分责任38．甲公司分立成乙和丙一大一小两家公司，那么甲公司的原有债务承担情况应该是（）。
A．乙和丙都不负责任B．乙和丙承担连带责任C．由大公司承担D．由小公司承担39．甲借给乙一辆车搞运输，为期一年，一月后甲死亡，未确定继承人。
那么债务到履行期时，乙可以主张的权利是（）。
A．提存B．混同C．免除D．抵销40．根据我国《合同法》规定，保险公司的招股说明书，一般被视为（）。
A．要约邀请B．要约C．反要约D．承诺41．按照我国《消费者权益保护法》的规定，对于包修的大件商品，消费者要求经营者修理的，对支付的运输等合理费用的承担者是（）。
A．消费者B．经营者C．运输者D．消费者和经营者42．根据我国《消费者权益保护法》规定，不属于消费者协会的职能包括（）等。
A．向消费者提供消费信息和咨询服务B．参与有关行政部门对商品和服务的监督、检查C．向消费者推荐某些商品以获取收益D．受理消费者的投诉，并对投诉事项进行调查、调解43．按照我国《消费者权益保护法》的规定，经营者对商品作引人误解的虚假宣传的，由工商行政管理部门责令改正，并可根据情节单处或者并处警告、没收违法所得、处以一定的罚款，罚款金额是（）。
A．违法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罚款B．违法所得五倍以上的罚款C．违法所得五倍以上十倍以下的罚款D．违法所得十倍以上的罚款44．根据我国《反不正当竞争法》的规定，经营者违反本法规定，给被侵害经营者造成损害的，应当承担损害赔偿责任，但是被侵害经营者的损失难以计算时，赔偿金额应确定为（）。
A．被侵害经营者过去的正常利润B．侵权人在侵权期间因侵权所获得的利润C．被侵害经营者在侵权期间的收人D．侵权人在侵权期间因侵权所获得的收人45．根据我国《反不正当竞争法》的规定，降价销售的竞争行为中属于不正当竞争行为的是（）。
A．新进人者大幅度降价销售鲜货商品B．季节性降价抛售C．大幅度降价处理库存积压产品D．新进人者大幅度降价，甚至低于成本销售以迅速获取大量市场份额46．我国《反不正当竞争法》中所指的不正当竞争是指（）。
A．消费者违反本法规定，损害其他消费者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为B．经营者违反本法规定，损害其他消费者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为C．消费者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为D．经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为47．在保险合同中，投保人对保险标的所享有的保险利益的货币估价额被称为（）。
A．保险价值B．保险金额C．预期价值D．实际利益48．在我国企业财产保险综合险的保险责任中，对暴雨的降雨量界定标准是（）。
A．每小时降雨量达到10毫米以上B．每小时降雨量达到16毫米以上C．每小时降雨量达到30毫米以上D．每小时降雨量达到50毫米以上49．我国个人抵押贷款房屋保险的最长保险期限是（）。
A．1年B．5年C．20年D．与抵押合同规定同50．在我国的利润损失险中，营业额减少是指（）。
A．标准营业额减去保险期内的正常营业额的差额B．标准营业额减去赔偿期内的正常营业额的差额C．标准营业额减去保险期内的非正常营业额的差额D．标准营业额减去赔偿期内的非正常营业额的差额51．我国机动车辆保险的基本险包括（）。
A．车辆损失险和全车盗抢保险B．车辆损失险和车上责任保险C．车辆损失险和第三者责任保险D．车辆损失险和无过失责任保险52．航行于沿海、内河的某船投保了船舶一切险，该船已使用2年，在保险期内发生保险责任范围内的部分损失为30万元。
如果保险船舶的保险金额为10000万元，而出险时新船的市场价为15000万元。