REACH with case study

合集下载

Casestudy及参考答案

Casestudy及参考答案

Casestudy及参考答案Case 1Xie Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Xie Li: I don?t know where it went wrong!Tom: Don?t feel so bad. Cheer up; you?ve done your job.Xie Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I?ll face the music.Xie Li: Tom, we are not playing children?s games here. This is a scientific experiment. T om: I?ve never taken the experiment as child?s play, and I?m playing the game.Xie Li: You say you?re playing the game! It?s a rather important experiment!Xie Li walks out of the laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Key:Idiomatic phrases are often misunderstood. In E nglish …face the music? means: to face the reality and take the consequence; while …play the game? means: abide completion rules. Here Xie Li misinterpreted the idiomatic phrases Tom used. First he thought that Tom didn?t take the failure of the experiment seriously and wanted to escape from it, because he said he would “face the music”Secondly, he misinterpreted Tom?s …playing the game? as that he hadn?t done the experiment seriously, which might have led to the failure.Case 2In 1997, a Danish woman left her 14-month-old baby girl in a stroller outside a Manhattan restaurant while she was inside.Other diners at the restaurant became concerned and called New York City Police. The woman was charged with endangering a child and was jailed for two nights. Her child was placed in foster care. The woman and the Danish consulate explained that leaving children unattended outside cafes is common in Denmark. Pictures were wired to the police showing numerous strollers parked outside cafes while parents were eating inside.Key:This case reflects preconceived notion, one of the barriers to the effective intercultural communication----assuming similarity instead of difference. In American culture, it is illegal for parents to leave their baby alone while it is commonplace for parents to do so in Danish culture. The Danish woman had assumed that Copenhagen is similar to New York, that what is commonly done in Copenhagen is also commonly done in New York.Case 3Mr. Wang, the Chairman of Board of Directors of a Chinese firm, told a story on CCTV program "Dialogue" of how he once almost lost a valuable Canadian employee working for him in Vancouver. He emailed every day to the Canadian, inquiring for the index number he was most concerned about. T o his great astonishment, his Canadian employee turned in his resignation after a week. Mr. Wang was puzzled how he could do that to him as he gave such great attention to his job.Key:The resignation of Canadian employee resulted from the communication barrier due to the preconception of Mr. Wang, the Chairman of Board of Directors. Mr. Wang assumed unconsciously that the Canadian was more similar to his Chinese employees than he actually was and treated him just as hetreated any Chinese employee. A Chinese employee would have been more than happy if his or her boss had showed such great concern for him or her. But Mr. Wang found out that, unlike Chinese employees, the Canadian took what meant great concern to Chinese as distrust.。

文献综述法和案例研究法英文

文献综述法和案例研究法英文

Literature Review MethodBackgroundThe literature review method is a systematic approach to gather, evaluate, and synthesize existing research studies and academic papers related to a specific topic. It involves analyzing and summarizing the findings of multiple studies to identify patterns, trends, and knowledge gaps in the field. The literature review serves as a foundation for further research by providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge.Process1.Identification of Research Question: The first step in conductinga literature review is to define a clear research question orobjective. This helps in determining the scope and focus of thereview.2.Search Strategy: The researcher identifies relevant databases,journals, and other sources to search for relevant studies.Keywords and search terms are used to narrow down the searchresults.3.Screening and Selection: The researcher screens the retrievedarticles based on their title, abstract, and keywords relevance.Only the articles that meet specific inclusion criteria areselected for further analysis.4.Data Extraction: Information from selected articles is extractedusing a standardized form or data extraction tool. This includesdetails about study design, sample size, variables measured, andkey findings.5.Analysis and Synthesis: The extracted data is analyzed usingvarious techniques such as content analysis or thematic analysis.Patterns, themes, or commonalities across studies are identified. 6.Evaluation of Studies: The quality and credibility of eachincluded study are assessed based on factors such as methodology, sample size, data collection procedures, etc.7.Writing the Review: Finally, all the findings from differentstudies are synthesized into a coherent narrative that addressesthe research question.Example Case StudyBackgroundTopic: Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthThe case study focuses on exploring the impact of social media usage on mental health among adolescents.Process1.Identification of Research Question: How does social media usageaffect mental health outcomes among adolescents?2.Search Strategy: Relevant databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, andGoogle Scholar were searched using keywords like “social media,”“adolescents,” and “mental health.”3.Screening and Selection: Articles were screened based on theirtitle, abstract, and keywords relevance. Only studies published in the last five years and focusing on adolescents aged 13-18 wereincluded.4.Data Extraction: Key information from the selected articles wasextracted, including study design, sample size, measures of social media usage and mental health outcomes.5.Analysis and Synthesis: The extracted data was analyzed usingthematic analysis. Themes such as “negative body image,”“cyberbullying,” and “social comparison” emerged from the data.6.Evaluation of Studies: Each study was evaluated based on itsmethodology, sample representativeness, and statistical analysismethods used.7.Writing the Review: A comprehensive review was written summarizingthe findings from different studies. The review highlighted thenegative impact of excessive social media usage on self-esteem,body image dissatisfaction, and increased risk of depression among adolescents.ResultsThe literature review revealed consistent evidence linking heavy social media usage with poor mental health outcomes among adolescents. Cyberbullying emerged as a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, excessive exposure to idealized body images on social media platforms led to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors.The review also identified several knowledge gaps in the existing literature, such as limited research on protective factors or interventions to mitigate the negative effects of social media on mental health.Case Study MethodBackgroundThe case study method is a research approach that involves an in-depth investigation of a specific individual, group, organization or event. It aims to provide detailed insights into real-life situations by examining multiple sources of data such as interviews, observations, documents or artifacts.Process1.Selection of Case: The researcher selects a case that is relevantto the research question and provides unique insights orrepresents a particular phenomenon.2.Data Collection: Multiple sources of data are collected, includinginterviews, observations, documents, and artifacts related to the case. The researcher may also use existing literature or reportsfor background information.3.Data Analysis: The collected data is analyzed using qualitativeanalysis techniques such as thematic analysis or grounded theory.Patterns, themes, or key issues are identified.4.Cross-Case Comparison: If multiple cases are studied, acomparative analysis is conducted to identify similarities anddifferences across cases.5.Validation: The findings are validated through member checking orseeking feedback from participants or experts familiar with thecase.6.Reporting: The case study findings are presented in a detailedreport that includes an introduction to the case, description ofdata collection methods, analysis of findings, and conclusions. Example Case StudyBackgroundCase: Transformation of a Traditional Retail Store into an E-commerce BusinessThe case study examines the transformation process of a traditionalbrick-and-mortar retail store into an e-commerce business in response to changing market dynamics.Process1.Selection of Case: A traditional retail store with a long-standingpresence in the market was selected for the study due to itssuccessful transition into e-commerce.2.Data Collection: Interviews were conducted with key stakeholdersinvolved in the transformation process, including store managers, employees, and customers. Observations were made during theimplementation phase of the e-commerce platform. Relevantdocuments such as financial reports and marketing strategies were also collected.3.Data Analysis: Thematic analysis was used to analyze interviewtranscripts and identify key themes such as challenges facedduring the transition, strategies adopted for online marketing,customer response to e-commerce platform, etc.4.Cross-Case Comparison: As there was only one case studied in thisexample, cross-case comparison was not applicable.5.Validation: The findings were validated through member checking,where participants were given an opportunity to review thefindings and provide feedback.6.Reporting: A comprehensive case study report was prepared,describing the background of the retail store, the process oftransformation, challenges faced, strategies implemented, andoutcomes achieved.ResultsThe case study revealed that the successful transformation of the traditional retail store into an e-commerce business requiredsignificant changes in business processes, technology adoption, and marketing strategies. The implementation of an online platform resulted in increased customer reach and sales revenue. However, challenges such as logistics management and competition from established e-commerce players were encountered during the transition.The case study provided valuable insights into the factors influencing the success of such transformations and highlighted the importance of aligning organizational culture with digital transformation goals.Overall, both literature review method and case study method are valuable research approaches that provide unique perspectives on different research questions. The literature review method helps in synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, while the case study method offers detailed insights into real-life situations. Researchers can choose either or both methods based on their research objectives and available resources.。

小学下册K卷英语第六单元综合卷

小学下册K卷英语第六单元综合卷

小学下册英语第六单元综合卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The ancient Romans built roads to improve ________.2.Light from the sun takes about eight ______ to reach us.3.The Earth's surface features are influenced by both ______ and erosion.4.The turtle is very ______.5.My friend is a _____ (作曲家) who writes music.6.We went to the beach to ______ (swim).7.What is the opposite of "fast"?A. QuickB. SlowC. SwiftD. RapidB8.The chemical formula for glucose is __________.9.My pet hamster loves to explore its ______ (笼子).10.The chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is called an __________ bond.11.What do you call a person who studies languages?A. LinguistB. PhilologistC. PolyglotD. All of the aboveD12.The _____ (小鹿) is very graceful.13.Which animal is known for its ability to fly?A. ElephantB. TigerC. BirdD. FishC14.I believe that everyone should have the right to ________ (接受教育) no matter where they live.15.The girl has a lovely ________.16.What do you call the liquid inside a coconut?A. JuiceB. MilkC. WaterD. OilC17.We go _____ (swimming) in the pool.18.Which animal is known for having a pouch?A. KangarooB. LionC. BearD. TigerA19.What is the capital of the Republic of the Congo?A. BrazzavilleB. Pointe-NoireC. DolisieD. Ouesso20.The moon is ___. (shiny)21.Hydrogen is the lightest _______ on the periodic table.22.The dog chased the ______.23.What do we call the area of land where a river meets the sea?A. DeltaB. EstuaryC. BayD. GulfB24., I take my ________ (玩具名) to the park. I like to ________ (动词) with my friends there. We have a lot of ________ (名词) together. Sometime25.In _____ (阿根廷), the Andes Mountains are located.26.The __________ is often very pleasant in spring. (气候)27.I want to be a ________ (艺术家) when I grow up.28._____ (vegetation) covers the earth.29.Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between ______.30.I like to ________ with my family.31.The boy plays ________.32. A ____(case study) examines specific examples of practices.33.The __________ (寒冷) climate affects our activities.34.The chemical formula for methane is ______.35.She is _______ (coloring) in her book.36.My favorite _____ (玩具车) can make sounds and lights. 我最喜欢的玩具车可以发出声音和灯光。

case study范文

case study范文

case study范文Case Study: The Success Story of Airbnb。

In the past decade, Airbnb has emerged as a disruptive force in the hospitality industry, revolutionizing the way people travel and find accommodations. This case study will delve into the factors that have contributed to Airbnb's success and examine the strategies that have propelled the company to the forefront of the sharing economy.Founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Joe Gebbia, and Nathan Blecharczyk, Airbnb started as a simple idea to rent out air mattresses in their San Francisco apartment to travelers attending a local conference. Today, the company boasts millions of listings in over 220 countries and regions, offering a diverse range of accommodations from private rooms to entire homes.One of the key factors behind Airbnb's success is its ability to tap into the growing trend of the sharing economy. By allowing individuals to monetize their underutilized spaces, Airbnb has created a platform that benefits both hosts and guests. This has not only expanded the options for travelers but has also provided a new source of income for hosts, making it a win-win situation for all parties involved.Furthermore, Airbnb's emphasis on creating unique and personalized experiences for guests has set it apart from traditional hospitality providers. The platform allows hosts to showcase their properties in a way that reflects their individual style and personality, offering guests a more authentic and immersive travel experience. This personal touch has resonated with travelers who are increasingly seeking out meaningful connections and local insights during their trips.In addition, Airbnb's innovative use of technology has been instrumental in driving its growth and success. The company has invested heavily in developing a user-friendly platform and mobile app that makes it easy for hosts to list their properties and for guests to find and book accommodations. This seamless and efficient booking process has contributed to Airbnb's popularity and has helped it gain a competitive edge in the market.Another key aspect of Airbnb's success is its focus on building a strong and trusted community. The company has implemented rigorous screening processes and verification procedures to ensure the safety and security of both hosts and guests. This has helped to foster a sense of trust and reliability within the Airbnb community, leading to repeat bookings and positive word-of-mouth referrals.Furthermore, Airbnb has been proactive in adapting to the changing needs and preferences of its users. The company has expanded its offerings to include unique experiences and activities, allowing travelers to immerse themselves in the local culture and community. This diversification has enabled Airbnb to cater to a wider audience and has positioned it as a one-stop platform for all aspects of travel.In conclusion, Airbnb's success can be attributed to a combination of factors, including its ability to tap into the sharing economy, its focus on creating personalized experiences, its innovative use of technology, its emphasis on building a strong community, and its proactive approach to meeting the evolving needs of its users. By staying true to its core values and continuously innovating, Airbnb has solidified its position as a leader in the travel and hospitality industry, setting a precedent for other companies in the sharing economy.。

Lesson 6 On The Case Study Method Of Research And Teaching In Design

Lesson 6 On The Case Study Method Of Research And Teaching In Design
ENGLISH FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Simple, Powerful and free
Of course, the legal profession was fortunate in this respect, because there already existed an infrastructure by which cases were written to explain and interpret the principles used to reach legal judgment.
ENGLISH FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Simple, Powerful and free
Christopher Langdell changed that way of teaching when he arrived at Harvard Law School. He believed that, at its root, the art of practicing law involved understanding core principles and being able to apply those principles in different situations. Christopher Columbus Langdell (May 22, 1826 – July 6, 1906) was an American jurist and legal academic who was Dean of Harvard Law School from 1870 to 1895.
ENGLISH FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Simple, Powerful and free

case study 英文格式

case study 英文格式

CASE STUDY: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON EDUCATION1. IntroductionTechnology has be an integral part of our d本人ly lives, and its influence on education cannot be understated. In this case study, we will explore the impact of technology on education, including its benefits and challenges.2. Evolution of Technology in EducationOver the years, technology has revolutionized the way education is delivered and received. From the introduction ofputers in classrooms to the implementation of online learning platforms, technology has transformed the traditional educational landscape.3. Benefits of Technology in Education3.1 Enhanced Learning ExperienceTechnology has enabled educators to create interactive and engaging learning materials, making the learning process more enjoyable and effective for students.3.2 Access to InformationWith the internet and online databases, students have access to a wealth of information at their fingertips, allowingthem to explore beyond the confines of the traditional classroom.3.3 Personalized LearningTechnology has made it possible for educators to t本人lor learning materials to individual student needs, providing a personalized learning experience for each student.4. Challenges of Technology in Education4.1 Technology-DependentThe overreliance on technology in education can lead to a lack of critical thinking and problem-solving skills in students.4.2 Privacy and Security ConcernsThe use of technology in education r本人ses concerns about student privacy and data security, especially in online learning environments.4.3 Technology AccessibilityNot all students have equal access to technology, creating a digital divide that may hinder their learning opportunities.5. Case Studies5.1 Flipped Classroom ModelThe flipped classroom model utilizes technology to deliver instructional content outside of the classroom, allowing formore active and engaged learning during class time.Case Study: A high school in Florida implemented the flipped classroom model and saw a significant improvement in student engagement and academic performance.5.2 Online Learning PlatformsOnline learning platforms provide students with the flexibility to learn at their own pace and convenience, breaking down geographical barriers to education.Case Study: A university in the United Kingdom adopted online learning platforms and witnessed an increase in enrollment and student satisfaction.6. Rmendations for Future Integration of Technology in Education6.1 Digital Literacy Tr本人ningEducators should receive tr本人ning on how to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices, ensuring that students develop essential digital literacy skills.6.2 Equity in Access to TechnologyEfforts should be made to bridge the digital divide and ensure that all students have equal access to technology for learning purposes.6.3 Data Privacy and Security MeasuresEducational institutions should prioritize the implementation of robust data privacy and security measures to protect student information in digital learning environments.7. ConclusionAs technology continues to advance, its impact on education will only grow in significance. By understanding the benefits and challenges of technology in education, we can work towards harnessing its potential to provide quality and equitable education for all.。

电影研究相关外文文献翻译

电影研究相关外文文献翻译

1500单词,8500英文字符,中文3050字出处: 作者: Schatz, Thomas 期刊名称: Literature/Film Quarterly 卷: 37;期: 1;页码: 77-80;年份: 2016原文The Research of Hollywood Film: British Literature and American FilmSchatz, ThomasIt comes as no surprise that Hollywood relies heavily on Britain for both subject matter and movie revenues. Indeed, at various times in its history, most notably during World War II, England has been a veritable extension of the US market. Nor is it surprising that Hollywood throughout its history has mined British literature for story material-a tendency that has become remarkably pronounced at times, as with the ubiquitous adaptation of English literary classics in the 1930s, the heady facilitation of the "British invasion" in the 1960s, and of course the current spate of blockbuster series based on British literary franchises (Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings, James Bond, the Chronicles of Narnia, et al.). What is surprising, however, is how little serious study has been devoted to these interrelated phenomena-that is, the cine-symbiosis between the US and Britain, and Hollywood's profound investment in British literature for source material. Jennifer Jeffers has taken a significant step toward rectifying this scholarly lacuna in Britain Colonized: Hollywood's Appropriation of British Literature, which focuses on a relatively brief but vitally important stage of Hollywood's long-standing, deep-seated "Brit-Lit" obsession, spanning the early 1990s to the early 2000s. The book is important too as a contribution to adaptation studies, generally, although as Jeffers readily acknowledges, Hollywood's exploitation of British literature has been altogether unique in the annals of commercial films and filmmaking.Jeffers follows Dudley Andrew's admonition that "it is time for adaptation studies to take a sociological turn," and she relies for her analytical approach on the work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guittari as well as Jacques Derrida. The term "appropriation" in her subtide puts rather mildly Jeffers's disdain for the ways in which Hollywood "has colonized and plundered the British literary text in order to make the film appeal to mainstream audiences"-and not simply American audiences (although the US remains by far the richest market for movie product), but a global film market that in fact was exploding during precisely the period she examines. Jeffers has little interest in the films' "fidelity" to the source text-a concern that has gotten adaptation studies nowhere - focusing instead on strategies of reiteration, genre reformulations, and the "clusters of citations" that characterize the process. Jeffers contends that Hollywood "radically reiterates the literary text at all levels - narrative, plot, circumstances - into a different context of meaning, while at the same time repeating familiar citations, which reconstitute the film into a recognisable and predictable product [. . .]." Following Deleuze and Guittari, she argues that in this way literary texts are simultaneously "deterritorialized" and "reterritorialized" - a governing metaphor that is refined throughout the study in a remarkably wide range of applications.Britain Colonized employs a case-study approach, examining eight adaptations in the following order: The Remains of the Day (1993, from the 1989 novel), Possession (2002, from the 1990 novel), The English Patient (1996, from the 1992 novel), Trainspotting (1996, from the 1993 novel), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001, from the 1996 novel), Waterhnd (1992, from the 1983 novel), High Fidelity (2000, from the 1995 novel), and Shakespeare in Love (1998, based on an original screenplay). Jeffers's approach is to analyze both the source text and its film adaptation, and in the process to situate both novel and film in a larger cultural and industrial context. Most of herattention is devoted to the films, although one of the book's notable strengths is that in several cases Jeffers takes the filmmaking process as well as the finished film into account, including the analysis of multiple screenplay versions of the same novel done by multiple writers (including British literati) whose adaptations differ considerably.There is a precise logic to both the selection and sequencing of Jeffers's case stuthes. The Remains of the Day provides her with an ideal first case in that it harkens back to Hollywood's "quality" Brit-Lit adaptations of the 1980s (A Passage to India, 1985; A Room with a View, 1986; et al), while signaling the onset along with its immediate predecessor Howard's End (1992) of what Jeffers terms "the quality heritage films" of the 1990s. This theme of British heritage is developed throughout Britain Colonized, and it represents one crucial area in which British writers (and publishers) became complicit in the "appropriation" process. She notes the growing obsession with British heritage during Thatcher's regime, which by the 1990s had evolved into what she (following Robert Hewison) terms "the heritage industry." Thus Jeffers acknowledges the recent trend whereby "Britain reterritorializes itself in the image of an American film-set on location in Britain." But Hollywood always takes this process one step further, posits Jeffers, recasting the British story in a distinctly American idiom characterized by "a patriotic or nationalistic zeal coupled with racism." The Remains of the Day also involves a tactic of sexual reorientation that turns up in several of the adaptations, as the novel's subtext involving the protagonist's "closeted" homosexual desire not only is subdued in the film version but is recast in more conventional heterosexual terms.Jeffers's next two cases involve Booker Prize-winning novels, Possession and The English Patient, whose narrative and thematic complexities and nuanced characterizations are reduced to predictable Hollywood formula - the Western and the colonial adventure film, respectively - which render them suitable for mainstream consumption. These analyses are solid and quite iuuminating, but they are mere prelude to the subsequent chapters in which Jeffers's study really gels. The analyses of Trainspotting and Bridget Jones's Diary, which Jeffers counterposes in a single chapter, are particularly compelling in their treatment of literary and film style, genre reformulation, and issues of gender in contemporary London - as "ladlit," "chick-lit," and "Cool Britannia" make their way to Hollywood. Trainspotting marks Jeffers's first sustained treatment of pop music, which adds an important dimension to the study, while her analysis of the "Bridget Jones effect" broaches a wide range of issues, from the ongoing Jane Austen craze in film and television ("Janespotting") to the obvious impact of both the novel and film on female attitudes, behavior, and sexual identity ("Jonespotting"). Jeffers regards both the Bridget Jones novel and film to be works of postmodern pastiche, recombining Pride and Prejudice, Fear of Flying, Sex and the City, and myriad other feminist (and post-feminist) texts. She also suggests that both the novel and its film adaptation "get the joke" - that is, they both actively if ironically manufacture and promote a sense of British heritage and a contemporary Cool Britannia that manages to be simultaneously hip and nostalgic.Jeffers's subsequent cases involve increasingly radical reiteration and reterritorialization, which is most blatant perhaps in High Fidelity"?, entire narrative being transplanted to the US -and to the Midwest, no less. These films also manifest the hyper-reflexivity of Bridget Jones's Diary, which reaches a culmination of sorts in Shakespeare in Love - the one case-study film that is not an adaptation but is eminently appropriate to Jeffers's study, nonetheless, given its confounded heritage and paradoxical derivation - the consummate postmodern "counterfeit" thatlacks an original -and its canny celebration of both Shakespeare and his work while utterly disengaging them from their historical and literary context. Jeffers notes early in her study a fundamental contradiction involving source texts and their adaptations: "There are dire consequences for literary texts, especially novels and plays, that are not adapted into films. A literary text's canonical status rests on its adaptability to film." In other words, writes Jeffers, "the 'original' must have a 'copy' in order to be valued as an 'original.'" She is quite right, of course, and the consequences are doubly dire because of Hollywood's tendency to recast the original into something fundamentally different from its source, which in Shakespeare in Love extends from the writer's entire oeuvre to the writer himself - Shakespeare as "the twenty-first century's ultimate floating signifier," who in this hip-ironic incarnation more resembles a Hollywood screenwriter than the "real" British author.Jeffers's carefully crafted argument reaches its culmination with this final case study: "Hollywood's reterritorialization of British literature was completed with Shakespeare in Love." This assertion seems apt enough in terms of her analysis and her "sample," but this film scarcely completed the cultural and industrial processes in question. Hollywood's colonization of Brit-Lit continues with a vengeance, and in fact reterritorialization has gone into another register altogether in the current era of blockbuster franchises and computer-generated imagery (CGI) -not to mention Peter Jackson's recreation of Tolkien's "Magical Britain" in New Zealand.Jeffers's focus on the 1990s clearly involves an antecedent but very different cycle of Hollywood adaptation, and one that was especially distinctive due to the concurrent forces of media globalization and independent filmmaking at the time. Indeed, all of Jeffers's case-study films were part of the recent "indie-film movement" in American cinema - the "Indiewood" that rose alongside Conglomerate Hollywood during the 1990s, which did reach an apex with Miramax's two "quality indie blockbusters," The English Patient and Shakespeare in Love.译文好莱坞电影研究: 英国文学和美国电影沙茨·托马斯好莱坞在很大程度上都是依赖于英国的电影主题和收入,这是不足为奇的。

case study 英文模板

case study 英文模板

case study 英文模板Case studies are a popular way of presenting information by businesses, organizations, and educational institutions. As a written or detailed report of a particular event or situation, a case study is an effective means of showcasing successes or describing problems that have been overcome.To help individuals and organizations create high-quality case studies, a standard format is often used. This format includes the following components:1. Introduction: This section provides an overview of the case and sets the context for the rest of the study. It establishes the key problem or challenge that the organization faced and provides background information about the company and industry.2. Objectives: Here, the objectives of the case study are clearly stated. This section should describe the specific problem that the organization sought to address and the goals that were set.3. Methodology: In this section, the means used to investigate the problem or challenge are outlined. This might include surveys, interviews, focus groups, or other research methodologies.4. Results: This section presents the findings of the study. It includes data and analysis related to the problem or challenge, as well as any other essential findings.5. Discussion: In this section, the analysis of the results is elaborated upon. This includes an interpretationof the results, as well as insights gained from the outcomes.6. Conclusion: Finally, a conclusion is reached based on the findings and analysis. The conclusion summarizes the main points of the study and provides recommendations for future action.The structure of a case study is flexible and can be tailored according to the organization or the problem being investigated. However, following a standard format helps to ensure that the study is thorough and provides an accurate representation of the situation at hand.In conclusion, knowing how to structure a case study is essential for effectively communicating a particular event or situation. By following the steps outlined above, anyone can create a compelling and informative case study.。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

15项SVHC物质清单:
1. Anthracene 蒽C14H10 带有淡蓝色荧光的白色片状晶体。不溶于水、难溶于乙醇和乙醚, 较易溶于热苯。用于制造蒽醌和染料等。主要用于制造染料中间体蒽醌 及单宁,用于蒽醌生产,也用作杀虫剂、杀菌剂、汽油阻凝剂等。高纯蒽 用于制取单晶蒽,用在闪烁计数器上。 2. 4,4'- Diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷C13H14N2 从水中析出者为白色片状或针状结晶,从苯中析出者为片状结晶。 微溶于冷水,易溶于乙醇、乙醚 和苯。原料,生产偶氮染料;硫化剂 及硫化促进剂,用于聚氨基甲酸酯橡胶及其他合成橡胶;树 脂固化剂, 用于环氧树脂,其性能与间苯二胺相似;耐热聚合物及多异氰酸酯的单体; 有机合成 中间体,生产缓蚀剂、聚酰胺;钨的检测试剂等。在空气中易 氧化,颜色变深,本品有毒对肝脏有 毒害作用。 3. Dibutyl phthalate(DBP) 邻苯二甲酸二丁基酯C16H22O4 无色液体。不溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚等有机溶剂。 是塑料、 合成橡胶、人造革等的常用增塑剂。也是香料的溶剂和固定剂,又可作 卫生害虫驱避剂,但作用比邻苯二甲酸二甲酯差。
要求:
REACH将物质存在的形式分为物质 自身、配制品中的物质、物品中的 物质,只有物质才需要注册!
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
物质(substance)——指在自然状态下或通过任何制造 过程获得的化学元素及其化合物。如铅,氧化铅,甲苯 等物质。 配制品(preparation)——指由两种或两种以上的物质 组成的混合物。如胶水,合金,油漆、指画玩具颜料等。 物品(article)——指在制造过程中获得的特定形状、 外观或设计 的物 体。如电子产品,服装,玩具及其部件等。 物质→物料(配制品) →物品为一般形式.
案例:
某欧盟公司每年进口2吨A、600吨B和150吨C三个系列物品,该 系列物品都含有同一种易暴露的SVHC物质D,物质D在A物品中含量 为0.006%,在B物品中含量为0.15%,在C物品中含量为0.2%, 该公司该如何操作?
答案:
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
但是,如果DEHP的制造商已经为DEHP在该类物品中的 应用进行了注册或取得了授权,或物品制造/进口商已 经排除了在正常使用或可合理预见使用条件下向人体 或环境暴露,则不需要通报。
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
“人"指欧盟境内的任 何制造商或进口商
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
有意释放:
‧物质/配制品在物体中释放是 为了实现物品某一附加功能 ‧释放与物品的基本功能没有直 接关系 ‧物品附加功能的实现靠物质/配 制品从物品中释放 ‧此时物质/配制品在正常使用时 或可合理预见使用时从物体 中释放定义为有意释放 ‧如香味、T- SHIRT、芳香橡皮 檫、香水玩具 ‧切削、剥离等不属于释放
Nextronics Training
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
废弃物的泄漏 REACH 法规中,废弃物不被 视为物质、配制品或 物品
ISO 9001
物殊容器或载体:
1.物质、配制品从物体中 转移是为了实现其基本 功能。 2.靠物质、配制品从物体中 转移实现其基本功能。 3.转移后,并不导致物体 及物质、配制品的基本 功能的丧失,此时,该物 体定义为特殊容器、载体 中的物质、配制品,容器 或载体定义为物品。 特殊容器或载体 中的物质、配制 品
ISO 9001
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
Nextronics Training
15项SVHC物质清单:
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
混合了颜料、溶剂、催干剂、增塑剂等组分。涂料、胶 黏剂属于配制品,用于物品后,变为涂层及胶结物, 构成物品的一部分,成为物品。 合金 合金 由元素组成,可以看属于物品。
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
物质自身和配制品中的物质注册:
物品中的物质
1.向供应商收集物料信息(SDS) 2.确认产品中是否含有有害物质(SVHC)
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
3.向接受者/消费者披露产品所含有害 物质 信息(45天内) 4.按要求向ECHA进行通报
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
个物品质量的比例。
※ SVHC的通报是物品的操作要点之一。
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
案例:
例:某物品整体质量为1千克,物品中A材料含DEHP 为10克,B材料中含DEHP为20克,则这个物品中DEHP的 总含量为3%;假设欧盟某进口商每年进口此物品10万台 ,则DEHP的数量为3T/年。满足了需要通报的两个条件. 同一物品中的不同材料中含有的同一种SVHC需要 进行累计。
‧当对人体及环境的暴露排除在外时,无需通报! ‧在正常及合理可预见的条件下使用(包括处理), 不会释放。 ‧有可能释放,但物质在物品中的存在形式属于植入式, 不会暴露于人体及环境! ‧对已经为其用途注册过的物质,无需通报!
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
备注:
※ 此处的质量分数是指物品中的某种SVHC物质质量占整
答案:
‧需要注册B和C物品中的物质D ‧在物品B和C中D物质总量为84吨 ‧注册级别为1-100吨 ‧解释:物品A中D物质无意释放 产品B和C中物质D 质量计算需注册数据应考虑存在于产品中该物质 的总量,而不仅考虑有意释放的数量。 ‧例如:香水橡皮檫中的香水,必须全部计算, 而不能只是释放多少,计算多少量。
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
废弃物泄漏:
液晶面板中的液晶、玻璃 温度计中的液体,属于物 品的构成部分,与包围 他的物体构成一个物品, 一旦物品破损,液体会产生 泄漏,整个物品也就废弃 (连同液体). 正常情况下,此类物品 遵循 REACH法则中关于物 品的条例,在破损情况下, 按废弃物对待,不需要遵循 REACH法规. 电子产品中液晶体,电解 电容中电解液等遵循此类 判断.
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
如墨盒中的墨水、清洁布中的清洁剂、玩具泡泡枪中泡 泡,按物质或配制品要求注册,而墨盒、清洁布、玩具枪 按物品对待。对于已经注册的物质/配制品,不需要再注册!
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
Nextronics Training
ISO 9001
SVHC通报:
Article7.2:根据Article 57、59 条确定在物品中的SVHC总量超 过1t/y/人,且在物品中的质量分数超过0.1%, 必须通报欧盟化学品管理局。
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
在物品B和C种该物质总量1.2 吨,超过1t/y/人, 含量超过0.1% 需要通报物品B和C中的物质D
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
SVHC物质类别:
据第57条,符合下列标准的物质可以包括到附件XIV(需授权 物质清单)中。 CMR---致癌(Carcinogenic)、 致基因突变(Mutagenic)、 生殖毒素(toxic for Reproduction)1、2类物质,根据 67/548/EEC指令分类。 PBTs—持久性、生物积累性、毒性物质 (Persistent、 Bioaccumulative、 Toxic),根据REACH附件 XIII确定。 vPvBs—高持久、高生物积累性物质(very Persistent、 very Bioaccumulative),根据REACH附件XIII确定。 以及虽然不属于PBT、vPvB,但由59条确定后也可以列在其中 的其他物质。
ISO 9001
Nextronics Training
如何区分:
胶黏剂及涂料 胶黏剂 一般是以聚合物为基本组分的多组分体系,除了
聚合物外,还有增塑剂、固化剂、填料等辅助材料; 涂料
Turnkey Solutions for Interconnect Manufacturing
也是以聚合物为主的多组分体系,以聚合物为主,
无论物质自 身还是在一 种或多种配 制品中数量 大于或等于 1t/y/人的 物质必须提 交注册 对于涂料和 胶黏剂,如 果不直接出 口欧盟,而 只是在欧盟 以外的经济 体供应下游 用户用于物 品制造,则 不需要注册 对于单体和 可分离、转 移的中间 体,分别按 单体、可分 离转移中间 体注册要求 进行注册 聚合物不需 要注册,但 聚合物中单 体如果质量 分数大于或 等于2%,并 且计算质量 大于或等于 1t/y/人,且 尚未由供应链 上行为人注 册,则该单体 必须注册
相关文档
最新文档