Session 4 &5 Transportation
session 翻译
session 翻译session：n. 一段活动、会议或研讨会；学期；立法期Session的用法：session用作名词，意思是一段活动，会议或研讨会，也可指学期或政府立法期。
例句：1. He attended a session of the United Nations. 他参加了一次联合国会议。
2. We had a session on global warming. 我们就全球变暖进行了一次研讨会。
3. It's the end of the summer session. 暑假学期结束了。
4. This is the sixth session of the 14th National People's Congress.这是十四届全国人民代表大会第六次会议。
5. The fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly was held in New York City. 第54届联合国大会在纽约举行。
6. He is starting a new session this semester. 他这学期开始一个新课程。
7. This is the penultimate session of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party. 这是第十九届中央第三次全体会议的前倒数第二次会议。
8. We have a company training session once a month. 我们每个月有一次公司培训课程。
9. This legislative session concludes on October 31st. 该立法期将于10月31日结束。
10. The Power Point session lasted for two hours. PowerPoint研讨会持续了两个小时。
JI_Session_4
JOB INSTRUCTIONInstructors GuideSession 4SESSION 4 -INSTRUCTIONSIt is important to read this manual and have a clear understanding of the contents, prior to the start of training.Before the session starts...Be there 15 minutes ahead of time.Have the following materials ready:∙Flip chart and “If the employee hasn’t learned” chart∙Three blank Job Breakdown Sheets for each trainee∙Four Observation Checksheets∙Special tools for demonstrationSet up the training site:∙So it does not look like the typical classroom∙Arrange the seats in a horseshoe∙Stand Flipchart at front of room∙Have “If the employee hasn’t learned” chart hanging up∙Whiteboard∙ A whiteboard eraser∙Two different colors of markers (red and black)Remember: As the instructor, it is your responsibility:a)To provide the right tools, equipment, and materialsb)To set up the training site, making it ready for the trainees.c)Check that the next volunteers are also properly prepared.A NOTE TO TRAINERSThis manual contains a complete outline for these training sessions. It is your guide on what to say, what to write, techniques you should demonstrate, and even important things that you should keep in mind throughout the training activities. The following will help you identify the various types of materials.TITLE Each section and subsection is labeled with a title, in CAPITALS, foryour reference.TEXT The material should be presented in the order given to aid comprehensionand speed progress. You may change the wording to suit the teachingsituation -as long as you maintain the same general meaning.[ ]Instructions inside square brackets are for you, the instructor. There arefour kinds of instructions:1.Areas where you should use your own words,2.Gestures that aid comprehension,3.Background factors for you to keep in mind, and4.The order of presentation.This icon indicates to write on the flipchart.This icon indicates to use transparencies on overhead projector.MATERIALSMATERIALS TO MATERIALS TOBE DISTRIBUTED HAVE ON HAND1.Checksheets for demonstration 1.Checksheets for demonstration2.Job Breakdown Sheets 2.Job Breakdown Sheets(3 per person) 3.Flip chart4.“If the employee hasn’t learned”chartGENERAL OUTLINEActivity Time Allotted Introduction Sub Total10 minutesReview of third sessionReview of How to Instruct” CardsJob Instruction Planning Timetable Sub Total 10 minutes Discussion of Trainee TimetableDemonstration by Volunteer Sub Total 25 minutes Demonstration with CritiquePractice Analyzing Job Sub Total 10 minutes Practice breaking down Volunteer’s JobDemonstration by Volunteer Sub Total25 minutes Demonstration with CritiquePractice Analyzing Job Sub Total10 minutes Practice breaking down Volunteer’s JobWrap Up Sub Total 5 minutes Review of session 4 and preview of session 5Total 120 MinutesLEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter this session, the trainees will be able to:e the four-step approach.2.Analyze jobs effectively.3.Prepare Planning Timetables unaided.TABLE OF CONTENTSITEM CONTENTS4-1Opening a. Review of third sessionb. Review of How to Instruct” Cards4-2Job Instruction Planning Timetable Discussion of Planning Timetable4-3Demonstration by Volunteer Demonstration with Critique4-4Practice Analyzing Job Practice breaking down Volunteer’s Job 4-5Demonstration by Volunteer Demonstration with Critique4-6Practice Analyzing Job Practice breaking down Volunteer’s Job 4-7Wrap-up Review of session and preview of next4-1 OPENING NOTES Note[Thank all for assembling at the specified time.Check that everyone has brought all thematerials distributed so far.][Put the learners at ease].ReadThis is the fourth session in our program. It isgreat to see everyone participating and howeager you are to improve your teaching ability.AskQuestion: Has anybody had theopportunity to apply what they havelearned?Discuss[Discuss briefly.]ReviewReview Session 3 on TP 4-1Review the Job Instruction card. Include thesubheadings under the first two steps. Ask theclass to place the JI card in pocket and recitethe items; provide clues if necessary.]4-2 JOB INSTRUCTION PLANNING TIMETABLE NOTES Note[Ask the trainees to place the Job InstructionPlanning Timetables which they have createdyesterday in front of them.Ask someone to write his/her on the board toshow the others.Have a blank form already on the board, or atransparency and markers to fill in names, jobnames, and production/personnel/performanceneeds.While he/she is writing, circulate and help theothers with their planning timetables.When he/she has finished, have him/her brieflydescribe the contents.]4-3 DEMONSTRATION BY VOLUNTEERNote[Build in time for 2-3volunteers -15 minutesplus 10 minutes discussion each.Prepare in the usual fashion. After thedemonstration, thank the volunteer and havehim/her return to their seat.Have thevolunteer instructor sit at the front beside thetrainer for discussion.]Discuss[Start off easy and gradually build up yourreview of the session covering the pointsbelow:NOTES ∙Give a discussion subject such as: e.g., “Instep 1, the volunteer skipped one importantpoint…”∙Get the facts. Involve the volunteer and othertrainees. Ask which one was skipped.∙Confirm the facts of each subject. Wrapup/summarize.∙Discuss cause and effect. Don’t blame theindividuals; rather, focus on why it wasskipped and the affect on the worksite.∙Provide guidance. Explain what/how they canovercome problems.NoteAfterwards, thank the volunteer and send themback to their seat.Repeat above procedure for second jobdemonstration.]4-4 PRACTICE AN ALYZING VOLUNTEER’S JOBNote[Use the method outlined in previous sessionsto analyze the job presented to improve the jobbreakdown (e.g. the major steps, key points,and reasons why.]4-5 DEMONSTRATION BY NEXT VOLUNTEERSNote[Use the same as 4-3.]4-6 PRACTICE ANALYZIN G VOLUNTEER’S JOB Note[Use the method outlined in previous sessionto analyze the job presented to improve the jobbreakdown (e.g. the major steps, key points,and reasons why.]4-7WRAP UPReadThis concludes today’s session. It is great tosee how you have improved your teaching andhow good your presentations have become.In a previous session, I mentioned that makingyourself a better leader in this area will bringgreat benefits to the people you work with. Ihave already seen it happen in many places.The plant becomes a brighter place to work,and you earn more respect as a leader.Production results improve and allstakeholders benefit. There is nothing butgood to be gained.Keep this in mind as you apply this method toyour own teaching. Remember, the finesttools will do no good if you do not put themto actual use. Neither will they do you anygood if you use them incorrectly. You will,therefore, also have to learn to correctly applythe four-step approach which you have learnedhere.At work, you already have work standards.Add the four-step approach to teaching andyou cannot fail to produce the correct results.We can lecture and demonstrate all we like,but it will be to no avail unless we are able toNOTES reach the employee. Teaching is only effectivewhen it has:1.Changed employees behavior, or2.Enhanced the performance of employees.Remember:Point to:“If the employee hasn’t learned, theinstructor hasn’t taught.”[In closing, remind those that have yet to givetheir demonstrations that it will be their turn inthe last session.]JOB BREAKDOWN SHEETOPERATION:PARTS:TOOLS & MATERIALS: SAFETY EQUIPMENT:MAJOR STEP Go through the task or subject. Select suitable portions for the trainee to master.KEY POINT Anything in a major step which might: Affect Quality, Cause Injury,Make the work easier, &any special information。
Cover_Letter_Session4
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
上个session,我们发现，范文大部分的用词都是积极意义的词， 而且，所有句子都是陈述句。 范文中还有带有感情色彩的词 和 情态动词 Dear Hiring Manager, I would like to express my interest in a position as editorial assistant for your publishing company.As a recent graduate with writing, editing, and administrative experience, I believe I am a strong candidate for a position at the 123 Publishing Company. You specify that you are looking for someone with strong writing skills. As an English major, a writing tutor, and an editorial intern for both a government magazine and a college marketing office, I have become a skilled writer with a variety of experience. Although I am a recent college graduate, my maturity, practical experience, and eagerness to enter the publishing business will make me an excellent editorial assistant. I would love to begin my publishing career with your company, and am confident that I would be a beneficial addition to the 123 Publishing
Session 4 examples
Example 1来自中美两国在世界上 具有很大的影响， 两国人民都希望保 持和发展健康、稳 定的关系。这种关 系有利于亚太地区， 乃至世界其他地区 的和平、稳定和繁 荣。
Example 2
中美贸易之所以能迅速 发展，根本原因在于两 国经济具有极大的互补 性。这种互补性，很大 程度上来自两国经济资 源条件、经济结构以及 消费水平存在着很大的 差异。中国是最大的发 展中国家，市场广阔， 发展迅速，劳动力成本 低，但资金短缺、科技 和管理相对落后。
Example 3
另一方面，美国是最大 的发达国家，经济总量 大，资本充足，科技发 达，但劳动力成本高。 这种差异性和互补性， 将在今后长期存在，在 经济全球化的大背景下 显得更加突出。这就是 中美贸易能够持续发展 的客观基础。
Example 4
Mr. Premier, member of the delegation, it is my honor to welcome you to the White House. Your visit reflects the increasing ties of cooperation and commerce between our two nations.
Example 5
Two-way trade has risen sharply in a few short years. The United States is now China’s third largest trading partner. Our bilateral trade and economic cooperation show great promise for the future.
CFA中文精读(Level Ⅰ)2(经济学)-Session 4 经济学：微观分析-LOS 14 需
Session 4 经济学：微观分析LOS 14 需求和供给分析：消费者需求考试重点在本章节，将介绍效用理论，即模型化了的消费者选择。
比较重要的是消费者的偏好曲线，即一条代表消费者对各种可供选择的商品组合的偏好曲线。
在资产组合管理中也会见到类似的分析方法。
关于劣质品的概念是非常有用的，特别是在考虑经济衰退，人们的平均收入都下降时，消费者如何选择商品和行业来增加收入的决策。
另一方面，考察由于价格变动带来的收入替代效应，吉芬品和凡勃伦商品是非常好的例子LOS 14．a：描述消费者选择理论和效用理论。
效用理论即消费者行为理论，是消费者根据对各种商品组合偏好分配他们的收入已达到相对满足程度的最大化。
效用用来衡量消费者从消费某一种特定商品组合中获取的满足感。
效用理论是消费者选择理论中的重要部分，即将消费者的意愿和偏好与他们真实能够购买得到的商品和服务联系在一起。
效用函数的表示形式为效用=U（Q A，Q B，……，Q N），变量是商品A到N的消费数量。
假设消费量没有负数（但可能有一些为0），在其他变量保持不变时，一个变量增加将会导致效用增加。
这被称之为不满足状态，这种状态可以简单地被描述为当其他事物相同时，多总比少好。
如果人们偏好少比多好，则意味着没有拥有一个有价值的事物，而是拥有一个没有用的事物，如垃圾，这时我们甚至愿意花钱处理它（减少它的数量）。
效用是用序数来表示的，而不是用基数来表示。
假设有两种商品组合，组合1有2个披萨和20瓶啤酒，组合2有3个披萨和15瓶啤酒。
如果组合1的效用是100，组合2的效用是200，我们可以说组合2比组合1更受欢迎，因为200大于l00。
但是我们不能推断组合2给人们带来的满足感是组合1的2倍，也不能说组合2的效用等于两个组合1的效用。
如果组合1的效用是4001，组合2的效用是4001，我们可以准确的得到同样的结果，简单来讲即组合2比组合1更受人们喜爱。
LOS 14．b：描述在决策制定中无差异曲线、机会组合和预算约束的用途。
session的用法
session的用法Session是一种在Web应用程序中管理用户状态的机制。
它允许服务器在客户端和服务器之间存储数据，以便在用户浏览网站时保持状态。
本文将详细介绍Session的用法。
一、Session的概述1.1 什么是Session？Session是一种在Web应用程序中管理用户状态的机制。
当用户访问网站并与服务器进行交互时，服务器会创建一个唯一的会话ID，并将其存储在客户端浏览器中。
随后，每次客户端向服务器发送请求时，都会将该会话ID发送回服务器，以便服务器可以识别该客户端并恢复其状态。
1.2 Session的作用Session主要用于以下几个方面：（1）跟踪用户状态：通过Session，网站可以跟踪用户在网站上的活动，并为每个用户提供个性化的服务。
（2）保存数据：通过Session，网站可以在不同页面之间共享数据，并且可以保留数据直到用户关闭浏览器。
（3）实现安全控制：通过Session，网站可以验证用户身份，并确保只有经过身份验证的用户才能访问受保护的页面或资源。
二、使用Session2.1 Session的配置使用Session之前，需要先配置相关参数。
具体步骤如下：（1）打开php.ini文件，并确保以下参数已启用：session.save_handler = filessession.save_path = "/tmp"（2）在每个需要使用Session的页面中添加以下代码：session_start();2.2 Session的基本操作Session的基本操作包括以下几个方面：（1）设置Session变量可以使用$_SESSION数组来设置Session变量。
例如，以下代码将设置一个名为“username”的Session变量，并将其值设置为“John”：$_SESSION['username'] = 'John';（2）获取Session变量可以使用$_SESSION数组来获取Session变量。
Session 4单词
vi.
商议， 协商， 谈判
She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision.
她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。
Session 4/1
infer [in?f?:]
vt.
(inferred; inferring)
推论出; 推断出; 推测
猜想; 臆测
意味着; 暗示; 指明
Ragged clothing infers poverty.
破衣烂衫意味着贫穷。
vi.
作出推论
Men have observed and inferred in all sorts of ways.
give free [full] scope to sth. (=give sth. free [full] scope)
给予某种行动以充分的自由
充分发挥某种能力、精神等
have scope (for) 有施展的...余地; 有发挥的...机会
of wide scope 广泛的, 广大的
incentive wage(增产)奖励工资
impetus [?impit?s]
n.
推动, 促进, 刺激
The treaty gave a fresh impetus to trade.
这条约使双方的贸易又推进了一步。
推动力
This is the primary impetus behind the economic recovery.
session 4(翻译的多样性)
Practice
她不得不与前夫分手,他一发脾气,就大声骂人, 还砸东西打人,他却丝毫意识不到自己的所作 所为的严重性,实在不可思议。
Practice
她的 话夹子一打开，就止不住了，滔滔不绝 地说了下去，最后她说，“我实在不想干模 特这一行了。”
Practice
为解除她的戒心，我冲她笑了一下。可一向 直言快语的她还是默默地冷淡着。过了一会 儿她脱口而出：“为这次度假置东西花了我 不少钱”。
On Virtues
Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set; and surely virtue is best in a body that is comely, though not of delicate features; and that hath rather dignity of presence than beauty of aspect. 德行犹如宝石，朴素最美；其于人也；则有德者但须形体悦 目，不必面貌俊秀，与其貌美，不若气度恢宏。 美德好比宝石，它在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。同一样， 一个打扮并不华贵却端庄严肃而有美德的人是令人肃然起敬 的。 美犹如宝石，镶嵌自然为美，而善附于美者无疑最美，不过 这美者倒不必相貌俊美，只须气度端庄仪态宜人。
As to Miss Bennet, he could not conceive an angel more beautiful. 张经浩:至于贝特家大小姐,在他眼里美若天仙 /西施。 孙致礼: 至于谈到贝特小姐，他无法想象还有 比她更美丽的天使。
“He wrote some verses on her, and pretty they were.” 孙：“他为简写了几首诗，写得真动人！” 张：“他为珍妮写了一些诗，一些优美隽永的 诗。”
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
国内机场 domestic airport 国际机场 international airport 机场航站楼 airport terminal 出港、离开 departures 进港、到达 arrivals 过境 transit 登机手续办理 check-in 登机牌 boarding pass (card) 托运的行李 checked baggage 随身行李 carry-on baggage 行李牌 baggage tag 行李推车 luggage cart 行李领取处 baggage claim; luggage claim 安全检查 security check
Announcements
P21、22
New Words & Expressions announce v. 预告；宣布 announcement n. 通知 departure n. 起程，离开 depart v. 起程，离开 flight n. 班机；航班 proceed v. 继续进行 board v. 登机 approach v. 接近 fasten v. 栓紧 seatbelt n. 安全带 extinguish v. 熄灭 refrain v. 抑制；戒除 non-stop adj. & adv. 直达 delay v. 耽搁，延迟 security n. 治安防卫；安全 keep clear of 不靠近，躲开
Announcement (3) Pan American Airlines regrets to announce that flight 10 to Rome, scheduled to depart at 7:30 , has been delayed. The flight will now depart at 8:05 . Passengers with connecting flights please contact a Pan American agent to arrange new connecting flights. Announcement (4) bound for Welcome to Subway Line 13. This train is ____________ Xizhimen. The next station is Huilongguan. Please get arrival ready for your _________________ and make __________ sure you have all your ___________________ with you. The belongings door on the left side will open. Please keep clear of the door. We are arriving at Huilongguan.
T: O.K. I’ve booked you one seat on EA flight _____departing 593 6:30 P.M. 9:20 P.M. Boston at __________, arriving National at ___________. And 255 I’ve waitlisted you on US Air _____, departing at 7 o’clock, 8:21 arriving National at _______. Is there a return? H:No, I just need a one-way ticket. I’ll be driving back with a friend __________________________. last name T: O.K. What’s your ____________? H:Willoughby. That’s W-I-L-L-O-U-G-H-B-Y. T: First initial? H: H. T: Would you like a seat assignment, Miss Willoughby? can I get one now H:Oh, ________________________________? T: Sure. H: I’d like ________________ if I can get one. a window seat available T: There aren’t any window seats ________________. I can give you an aisle seat. H: O.K. seat B10 T: O.K., that’s ________________. Now, can you give me your area code daytime telephone number, _____________ first? (617) 295-3840 H:Sure, that’s ____________________________.
T: Well... uh... there’s an Eastern flight __________Boston at departing 6:30 9:20 _______, arriving Washington National at ______. H:Is that a direct flight? make one stop T: Yes, but it does _______________ in New York. H:Oh. I’d really rather have a non-stop flight if I can. T: O-o-o-h. Well, there’s a non-stop flight at 7 o’clock, but sold out in first class economy is ___________. I can book you ___________, or I can waitlist you in economy and book you on ____________. the 6:30 flight H:Hmmm. Well, how much would that be? T: Let’s see. Economy class is ______ and first class is _______. $179 $233 H:Well, let’s see. That’s ______ difference, isn’t it? (T: Mm$54 hmm) Let me think. What do I want to do? I think it’s too go economy class at 6:30 much. Let me ________________________________. T: All right. Will that be just for yourself? Just one ticket for me H:Yeah. ____________________________.
Session 4&5 Transportation
Antony
Transportation
sea land air
Content:
1. Useful Vocabulary
2. Listening: Announcements
3. Booking a Plane Ticket & Useful Expressions
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
国内航班出港 domestic departure 国际航班出港 international departure 候机室 airport lounge /departure lounge 登机口 boarding gate/ departure gate 中转 transfers 中转旅客 transfer passengers 中转柜台 transfer correspondence/connecting flights counter 通知 announcement 航班号 FLT No. (flight number) 来自...... arriving from 前往...... departure to 起飞时间 departure time 预计时间 scheduled time (SCHED) 延误 delayed 已降落 landed
Task 2 (Homework) Listen to the announcements again and discuss the following questions. (1) What information should you listen for while you are waiting for your flight? (2) What do passengers need to get on the plane? (3) How do you think passengers going to Rome will feel when they hear the announcement about their flight? Why? (4) How many pieces of information can you get from the last announcement? Please explain.
4. Reading: Transportation
5. Assignments
Vocabulary:
• Type of Flight • scheduled (regular) flight 定期航班；正常航班 • charter flight 包机 • • • • • • • direct (non-stop) flight stop flight connection flight Flight Class first class business class economy class