基础提升考研真题阅读每日一篇(47)(2013.4.22)
基础提升考研真题阅读每日一篇(43)(2013.4.18)概要
2007 Text 3①During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.②Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. ③As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback –a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. ④This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.⑤Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. ⑥For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. ⑦Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen –and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk fo r families’ future healthcare. ⑧Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.⑨From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in Ruins【答案解析】31.[C]细节事实题为什么今天的双职工家庭会面临更大的经济风险?根据原文第二段第四、五、六句可知选项[C]“他们更易于受到家庭经济变化的影响”是原文的同义替换，故为正确答案。
考研基础阅读每日一篇
2014考研基础阅读每日一篇（25）Unit6 社会文化发Text2 正文The traditional belief that a woman’s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions. It is said that it is a woman’s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children. Thus a woman’s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years. Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases. Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.Apart from women’s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered. Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work. There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women. It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession. The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful. Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married. While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.Text2 习题1.The author holds that ________.[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is the home, not elsewhere[B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home[C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother[D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family2.A house-proud woman ________.[A] would devote her whole life to her family[B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern[C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewife[D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances3.According to the author, modern society ________.[A] can operate just as well even without women participation[B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachers[C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women[D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international tradeText2 全文翻译传统观念认为女性属于家庭而非外出工作，但这一观念已经不再适用于当今情况。
考研英语2013年阅读
考研英语2013年阅读在2013年的考研英语考试中，阅读理解部分的难度适中，题型涵盖了细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意和词义猜测等多种类型。
这些文章不仅考察了考生的词汇量和语法知识，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维和分析能力。
文章选材广泛，包括了科技、社会、文化和教育等多个领域，这要求考生在备考过程中广泛阅读，增加自己的知识储备。
例如，有一篇文章讨论了现代科技对人类生活方式的影响，文章中提到了智能手机和社交媒体的普及如何改变了人们的交流方式。
考生需要理解这些科技产品如何影响人们的日常生活，并能够从文章中提取关键信息，回答相关问题。
在推理判断题中，考生需要根据文章内容推断作者的意图、文章的隐含意义或某些细节。
这类题目要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要能够把握文章的深层含义。
例如，有一道题目要求考生推断作者对于某个社会现象的看法，这就需要考生仔细分析文章中的论点和论据，从而得出合理的结论。
主旨大意题则要求考生把握整篇文章的中心思想。
这类题目通常要求考生从多个选项中选择一个最能概括文章主题的答案。
考生需要通读全文，理解文章的结构和逻辑关系，才能准确把握文章的主旨。
词义猜测题则是考察考生对词汇的理解和运用能力。
在这类题目中，考生需要根据上下文的语境来推测某个生词或短语的含义。
这不仅要求考生具备一定的词汇量，还要求考生能够灵活运用词汇，理解词汇在不同语境中的变化。
总的来说，2013年的考研英语阅读部分对考生的综合英语能力提出了较高的要求。
考生在备考时，除了要注重词汇和语法的学习，还应该加强阅读训练，提高自己的逻辑思维和分析能力。
通过广泛阅读不同类型的文章，考生可以增加知识面，提高对不同题材文章的理解和分析能力，从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。
2013考研英语阅读真题及参考答案解析
2013考研英语阅读真题及参考答案解析2013年考研英语阅读参考答案及解析Part AText 121.【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)【解析】事实细节题。
根据题干，首先定位到首段。
由文章第一句后半句scoldsher unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her。
意思是：批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大。
可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换，B项中的insensitivity to fashion是imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her。
的同义替换。
所以B项为正确答案。
A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。
C项和D项是对文章第一句的曲解。
22.【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)【解析】事实细节题。
根据题干，首先定位到第二段。
由倒数第二句these labels encouragestyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, , and to renew their wardrobeevery few weeks。
意思是这些商标(畅销商标)促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，，并且每周更新他们的衣橱。
D选项shop for their garments morefrequently的意思是更加频繁地购买服装，正好是renew their wardrobe every few weeks的同义替换。
A，B，C项均属于无中生有项。
23.【答案】A (accusation)【解析】词义题。
题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段的第一句thefeverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of fast fashion。
2013年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
2013年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 1在2006年电影版的《时尚女魔头》中，梅丽尔·斯特里普扮演的米兰达·普雷斯丽责备她其貌不扬的女助手，因为她认为高端时尚并不能影响到自己。
普雷斯丽说明了她助手的深蓝色毛衣如何在数年间从时尚秀场降到百货商店，又沦为便宜货。
毫无疑问，这个贫穷的女孩肯定就是从便宜货里淘的衣服。
这种自上而下的时尚商业观早已过时了，也和伊丽莎白·克莱因在《过度穿着》中描写的狂热世界不一致。
《过度穿着》是伊丽莎白·克莱因花了三年时间写成的对“快时尚”的控诉作品。
在过去十年左右的时间，技术的进步已经使得诸如Zara、H&M、优衣库之类的大众市场品牌能够对流行趋势反应得更快，并能更准确的预料到消费者的需求。
更快的转变意味着更少的存货浪费、更频繁的发布新品、更高的利润。
这些品牌鼓励对时尚敏感的消费者把衣服当成是一次性用品——洗过一两次后就不再穿了，尽管他们没在广告上明说——然后每几周就更新衣橱。
克莱因说，这些品牌通过以极其低廉的价格销售时髦的商品，已经把持了时尚的周期，动摇了一个习惯以季节为周期的产业。
当然，这场变革的受害者，不仅仅是设计师们。
为了能在其全世界2300多家商店里以5.95美元的价格出售超短裙，H&M必须依赖低工资的海外劳动力、大批量采购原材料导致严重危害自然资源、并大量使用有害的化学物质。
《过度穿着》就仿佛是时尚界交给像迈克尔·波伦的《杂食者的困境》一样的消费者维权畅销书的答案。
“大批量生产的服装，就好像快餐一样，充满着渴望和需求，却既不耐用也不经济”，克莱因说到。
她发现，美国人每年要买大约200亿件服装——平均每人64件——无论他们捐赠多少，这种无节制的购买行为都导致浪费。
在《过度穿着》的结尾，克莱因介绍了她的理想典范，一个叫萨拉·凯特·博蒙特的布鲁克林女人，她从2008年起就自己做所有的衣服，而且做得相当漂亮。
2013考研英语一阅读
2013考研英语一阅读2013年的考研英语一阅读部分，对于许多考生来说，是一次挑战与机遇并存的体验。
这一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，从社会现象到科技发展，从文化差异到经济问题，无一不体现了出题者对于考生综合理解能力的考查。
文章的第一篇讲述了全球化背景下，不同文化之间的交流与碰撞。
作者通过一系列生动的例子，展示了文化差异如何影响人们的日常生活和商业活动。
文章强调了跨文化交流的重要性，并提出了一些有效的沟通策略，以帮助人们更好地理解和适应不同的文化环境。
第二篇文章则聚焦于科技对人类生活的影响。
文章指出，随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活变得更加便捷，但同时也带来了一些负面影响，如隐私泄露和信息过载。
作者呼吁人们在享受科技带来的便利的同时，也要警惕其潜在的风险，并采取相应的措施来保护个人权益。
第三篇阅读材料探讨了经济危机对全球经济的影响。
文章分析了经济危机的成因，以及它对不同国家和地区经济的冲击。
作者认为，面对经济危机，各国需要加强合作，共同应对挑战，以实现经济的稳定和复苏。
最后一篇文章则关注了环境问题。
文章描述了全球气候变化的严峻形势，以及它对人类社会和自然环境的深远影响。
作者强调了采取有效措施减少温室气体排放的重要性，并提出了一些可能的解决方案，如发展可再生能源和提高能源效率。
整体来看，2013年考研英语一的阅读部分不仅考查了考生的语言能力，还考查了他们对当代社会重要问题的理解和分析能力。
这些文章的选材和内容，无疑为考生提供了一个全面了解世界的机会，同时也为他们未来的学术研究和职业发展奠定了坚实的基础。
2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译
2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译注释：未来总是隐藏在迷雾中，借助已有的知识推测未来贯穿于整个已知的和我可以预见的人类文明史，尤其在工业化和信息化革命大幅度提升人类改造自然的能力并带来相当严重的后果之后，注重实证的西方科学体系甚至产生了过去干脆叫神棍的未来学。
人类的未来如何，甚至于人类能否存在到下个世纪甚至下个十年，争议一直不断，但我始终相信一点，在明天，在黑暗之后，太阳照常升起the sun rises as usual。
我在本文翻译中大量使用了意译，并在后面给出了直译，强烈提示，意译是一种很高的翻译技巧，按照考研判分的标准，如果采用意译，基本可以肯定是要么满分要么零分，如果自己的水平没有足够的把握，绝不要轻易使用。
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives offulfillment and opportunity for all.曾经，人类的未来似乎一片光明（意译，直译为前景辽阔，蒸蒸日上，只是发展各异）。
科技的发展必定能治愈顽疾，满足需求，提供契机。
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.然而如今梦想已成灰（utopia乌托邦，unfashionable过时的），我们要面对的是更可怕的现实，彗星撞地球、重度流感，甚至气候变更。
2013考研英语阅读
2013考研英语阅读在2013年的考研英语考试中，阅读理解部分无疑是考察考生英语能力的重要环节。
这部分不仅测试了考生对文章的理解和分析能力，还考察了他们对细节的把握和推理判断能力。
文章选材广泛，涉及社会、文化、科技等多个领域，要求考生具备较强的语言综合运用能力。
首先，考生在阅读文章时需要快速捕捉文章的主旨大意。
这通常可以通过阅读文章的首段和尾段来实现，因为这些段落往往包含了文章的核心观点。
此外，考生还应注意文章中的转折词和连接词，这些词汇往往标志着作者观点的转变或强调，对于理解文章结构和逻辑关系至关重要。
其次，细节理解是阅读理解中的关键部分。
考生需要仔细阅读文章中的每个段落，特别是那些包含数据、例子和引用的段落。
这些信息往往是题目中细节题的来源。
在解答这类题目时，考生应迅速定位到原文中的相关信息，并对比选项，找出最符合原文意思的答案。
推理判断题也是阅读理解中常见的题型。
这类题目要求考生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，得出结论。
在解答这类题目时，考生需要避免主观臆断，而应基于文章提供的信息进行客观分析。
有时，正确答案可能并不是文章中直接给出的信息，而是需要考生通过分析和比较不同信息点来得出。
此外，考生在备考过程中还应注意提高阅读速度和理解能力。
这可以通过广泛阅读不同题材和难度的文章来实现。
同时，定期进行模拟练习也是提高应试能力的有效方法。
在模拟练习中，考生应严格按照考试时间限制来完成阅读和答题，以培养在有限时间内快速准确答题的能力。
最后，考生在考试中应保持良好的心态。
阅读理解部分虽然难度较大，但只要考生在平时的学习和练习中打下坚实的基础，考试时保持冷静和自信，就能够取得理想的成绩。
通过不断的努力和练习，考生可以提高自己的英语阅读能力，为考研英语考试的成功打下坚实的基础。
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2008 Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. ①If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. ②The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. ③Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they a ren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.④Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients –notably, protein –to feed expanding tissues.At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height –5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women –hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childb irth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon.⑤Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human heightin the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. W e learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.【参考答案解析】31. 参考答案【A】【解析】A．Wilt Chamberlain在第一段，先定位，“In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.”19世纪60年代初，Wilt Chamberlain是NBA身高超过7尺的3人之一，如果他打了最后一个赛季的话，他将是42人之一。
说明后来NBA中身高超过7尺的增加到了42人。
也就证明了NBA运动员的身高变化。
B．显示了美国NBA球员的名声，与原文不符。
C．比较了NBA两代的球员的区别，与原文不符。