2011年河南大学翻译硕士真题解析
2011年郑州大学翻译硕士真题 448汉语写作与百科知识
2011年郑州大学翻译硕士真题(448 汉语写作与百科知识)一.阅读下面的每一段话,注意其中带下划线的词的意思,然后回答后面的四个选项中哪一个与其最符合.(50分,每小题2分)1.疾病的表现尽管极其复杂,但基本都可以归纳于八纲之中.疾病总的类别,有阴证、阳证两大类.病位的深浅,可分在表在里.阴阳的偏颇,阳盛或阴虚则为热证,阳虚或阴盛则为寒证.邪正的盛衰,邪气盛的叫实证,正气衰的叫虚证.A.疾病的八类证候B.疾病所有证候的统称C.人体的八种器官D.八种致病因素2.超度已故亲人是个大家都关心的问题。
如果有条件，可以在寺院里给父母立个牌位，这样每天大殿里念佛经咒时，已故亲人都会受益。
同时很多寺院都有大型的超拔法会，专门超度已故亲人和法界其他众生的。
A.送走B.救度亡灵超脱苦难C.超越D.忘却3.一名督邮到彭泽县督察，差县吏去叫县令陶渊明来见他。
陶渊明平时蔑视功名富贵，但也不得不去见上一见，于是他马上动身。
不料县吏拦住陶渊明说：“大人，参见督邮要穿官服，并且束上大带，不然有失体统，督邮要乘机大做文章，会对大人不利的！”这一下，陶渊明再也忍受不下去了。
他长叹一声，道：“我不能为五斗米向乡里小人折腰！”A.口粮B.俸禄C.道教D.权贵4.一水曾为楚汉垠，风云变化利刘军。
若非就势过沟去，会见中华久两分。
A.水沟B.大河C.天堑D.鸿沟5.杨老汉家里虽然穷，但还是咬了咬牙，从柜子里拿出几个子儿来，让儿子上街买了一幅中堂。
A.字画B.装裱纸C.幕布D.床单6.张家庄青年李小晚和张艾艾相恋，互赠罗汉钱和小方戒为爱情表记。
他们的自由恋爱遭到有封建思想的村长的反对。
艾艾的母亲小飞娥发现女儿藏有罗汉钱，回忆其自己20年前与保安相爱，被父母强迫嫁给张木匠的辛酸往事。
A.罗汉像B.首饰C.铜钱D.纸币7.北京故宫的太和殿俗称“金銮殿”，位于北京紫禁城南北主轴线的显要位置，明永乐十八年建成，称奉天殿。
明嘉靖四十一年改称皇极殿。
郑州大学翻译硕士英语11-14.20年真题
2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题学科、专业：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（A）考试科目代码：211答案一律写在考点统一发的答题纸上，否则无效I.Vocabulary and Grammar(30%)Below each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes each sentence.1.Physics is the present-day equivalent of______used to be called natural philosophy,from ____most of present-day science developed.A.which,whatB.which,whichC.what,whichD.what,that2.The reason why he was accused and put into prison,as it______,was that he was involved in a lot of illegal activities during the war.A.was turned outB.being turned outC.was being turned outD.turned out3.______,it is generally accepted as a favorite color for the wedding gown.A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White has been an unpopular colorC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular ans white has been4.Despite the threat of war,most people______their work and life as usual.A.go forB.go afterC.go aboutD.go at5.The jewelry shop was reported in the local newspaper______in broad daylight last night.A.to have been robbedB.having robbedC.having been robbedD.to be robbed6.She has to find a new apartment to live in,for she cannot______the loud music coming from the room upstairs every night.e up withB.catch up withC.put up withD.keep up with7.You cannot eat those apples______they are not ripe yet.A.provided thatB.lestC.as long asD.only if8.Being in no great hurry,______.A.did we take the long but scenic route.B.we took the long but scenic route.C.the long bur scenic route was our preference.D.our preference was taking the long but scenic route.9.The speaker was clever enough to wander from his topic to______on a point that had obviously caught his audience’s attention.A.emphasizeB.interruptC.elaborateD.introduce10.When you take the medicine,be careful not to______the recommended highest amount printed on the bottle.A.excelB.exceedC.surpassD.overtake11.Shortly after the earthquake,the local government began to______food,clothing,and other daily necessities among those people who had lost their homes.A.distributeB.contributeC.attributeD.tribute12.Fresh out of college,the young man is ready to take______heavy responsibilities to improve himself in the shortest time possible.A.outB.onC.inD.after13.We advise you to take a larger size for this cotton T-shirt as it is likely to______when it is washed.A.shrinkB.decreaseC.declineD.withdraw14.The seating______for the new auditorium is5000.A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.quantity15.Danny left this______message on my answering machine：“I must see you.Meet me at seven o’clock.”Did he mean early in the morning or in the evening?I am puzzled.A.contradictoryB.ambiguousC.explicitD.considerate16.The singers in this band are planning to go on a national tour to______their new album.A.proposeB.enhanceC.promoteD.expand17.Ever since the death of his wife,the lonely old man considered the loyal dog his closest______.panionB.accompanypanyD.peer18.Human behaviors are a product of learning,______the behavior of animals depend mainly on this instinct.A.otherwiseB.neverthelessC.whereasD.unless19.In China it is quite common for the hostess to______her way to entertain the visiting relatives and guests.A.go out ofB.go in forC.go withD.go back on20.The annual fee for this medical club is______,covering all the medical examinations, consultation and other services.A.IndicativeB.indefiniteC.intensiveD.inclusive21.It is no good______about the current situation.Why not try to work out a solution to these problems?。
2011年考研英语_一_翻译真题解析
.8 New Oriental English
Test Bible
考试手册
In fact, (49) circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.
. New Oriental English 7
Test Bible
考试手册
本句考点
“主－系－表”结构，定语从句，同位语从句，原 因状语从句，并列结构
参考译文
艾伦的贡献在于：他研究了一个我们普遍具有的想 法——因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能够控制自己的 思想——并且揭示出其错误的本质。
However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”
句子 解析
1. 本句是翻译文章第二段的首句，同时也是该段的 主题句，起到了统领全段的作用。首先，通过was 我们可以判断出，本句是“主－系－表”结构。 在句中，“we all share”是一个定语从句，修饰 assumption，由于先行词assumption在从句中作宾 语(可还原成：We all share an assumption. )，所以 此处省略了定语从句的引导词that。第一个破折号 后的that引导的是assumption的同位语从句，同位语
2011-2013郑大MTI英语翻译基础真题
2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题学科、专业：英语笔译考试科目名称：英语翻译基础考试科目代码：357答案一律写在考点统一发的答题纸上，否则无效1.Lexical Translation(30 points)1.Translate the following lexical items into Chinese(15points)1)global warming2)free-trade zone3)subhealth state4)green house effect5)low-carbon economy6)foreign currency reserve7)intellectual property8)genetically modified food9)the Six Party Talks10)Secretary of Treasury11)Washington Post12)General Motors13)CBS14)GATT15)UNESCO2.Translate the following lexical items into English(15points)1)房地产2)经济危机3)空气污染4)绿色食品5)社区服务6)失业保险7)信息产业8)电子图书馆9)可持续发展10)计算机辅助翻译11)安理会12)外交部13)新华社14)英国广播公司15)香港特别行政区2.text translation(120points)1.Translate the following text into Chinese(60 points)What is the essence of Disney World? Much of it revolves around Disney’s effort to create the illusion for visitors that they have entered a perfect world,which more closely conforms to their desires.It creates this “perfect world”in various ways.For example,it encourages visitors to see the park through the eyes of a child and definesitself as a place t hat “brings dreams of life.”But most essentially it creates a fictionalized version of a perfect world by inviting visitors to run away from reality so that they are no longer limited by time,distance,size and physical laws.In various attractions,visitors seem to float through the human body and through DNA;they travel to the past and future,and leave the earth.On the thrill rides（惊险娱乐项目）,they resist gravity,moving at speeds and in ways that seem to violate what common sense tells them should be possible.Disney World also invites visitors to escape the fallen state of society and the self.It draws visitors into a world of endless celebration,full of parades and fireworks,with costumed performers and endless invitations to fun.The effect is not unlike participating in a 365-day-a-year holiday,in which negative emotions are discarded from life.When you pull all this together,it becomes obvious that Disney World offers visitors the fictionalized realization of humanity’s deepest dream:transcendence(超越).In Disney World,we transcend the mundane(世俗).In place of the world we normally find ourselves in,in which most opportunities are closed to us and most human motives are concealed,we go on a journey through symbolic worlds that are objective and material,but seemingly as weightless,carefree and fantastic as the imagination.2.Translate the following text into English.(60 points)中国2010年上海世界博览会于5月1日至10月31日举行，吸引了200多个国家和国际组织参展，参观者累计7000多万人次。
河南大学历年考研英语真题(带答案)
2011年河南大学研究生英语复试真题（与2010卷基本重复）一、单选：为2010年河南大学英语复试真题单选原题（20分）二、完型：为2010年河南大学英语复试完型填空原题。
（20分）三、阅读：passage 1和passage 2为2010年河南大学复试真题前两个阅读(后两篇阅读理解如下)passage 3（2011年英语考研真题）The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role，companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ，such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases，one marketer’s owne d media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance，when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began withretailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson，for example，has created BabyCenter，a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income，the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing，and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders，or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks，for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products，putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor，forexample，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.51.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are （D）[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.52. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature (A)[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.53. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media (C)[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.54. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of (B)[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.55. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？(A)[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Passage 4(2002年考研真题)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Yourhumor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor asthey will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparentlyoff-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.56. To make your humor work, you should ___C____.[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners57. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ___B_____.[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours58. It can be inferred from the text that public services _D_______.[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock59. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ___D_____.[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible60. The best title for the text may be ___A_____.[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor Strategies四、翻译（2011年考研真题）(61) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share--that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。
2011年河南大学翻译硕士考研真题
育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌——翻译硕士最权威的考研辅导机构2013年育明教育翻译硕士考研辅导喜报·北外翻译硕士百科知识96%命中，作文命中·北航百科知识命中88% ·广外百科知识命中80%·对外经贸大学百科知识命中92%，词条翻译命中80%·北二外词条及文章翻译命中80%，百科知识100%命中·四川外国语大学词条及文章翻译命中78%,百科命中100%·首师大百科知识命中68%，作文命中·外交学院百科与写作，命中78%·北京大学百科与写作命中88%，翻译命中60% 。
梁老师赠言：生命在于奋斗，拼搏就是希望；失败只有一种，那就是放弃努力！河南大学2011年真题汉语写作与百科知识一、名词解释（20*2.5）给了一段文章，文章部分内容给下划线，解释下划线。
文艺复兴、启蒙运动、一战、二战、人文主义、人道主义、世界银行、国际货币基金组织、伏尔泰、马克思、世贸组织、理性、国际贸易组织、唯物主义、无神论。
二、应用文写作求职信，300--500字，40分。
大作文是论英语学习的必要性800字，60分。
三、“论英语学习的必要性’六十分。
英语翻译基础一、英译汉、汉译英各一段，120分，都是书上的，汉译英是李鹏讲话，英译汉有关抑郁症。
二、英汉、汉英缩写、短语各15个，30分：GMT 格林威治标准时间(=Greenwich Mean Time)GATT关税及贸易总协定（=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）NASA美国国家航空和航天管理局(=National Aeronautics and Space Administration)NATO北大西洋公约组织(=North Atlantic Treaty Organization)ASEAN东盟（=Association of Southeast Asian Nations)UNESCO 联合国教科文组织OPEC石油输出国家组织(=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)FOB 离岸价不良贷款non-performing loan西部大开发Development of the West Regions安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents传销pyramid sellingGMT、GATT、NASA、NATO、ASEAN、UNESCO、OPEC、FOB、不良贷款、可持续发展、西部大开发、安居工程、传销。
2011级河大教育硕士英语结课考试范围(大学英语第五册)
2011级河大教育硕士英语结课考试范围(大学英语第五册)第一大题：Close（完型填空）1、In such circumstances it is hardly surprising that some give up in disgust, while others still wait hopefully for the teacher to give them the same confident guidance he was able to offer them at first. The teacher, for his part, frequently reduced to trying to explain the inexplicable, may take refuge in quoting proverbs to his colleagues such as: "You can lead a horse to water but you can't what you say. It's the way that you say it." His students might feel inclined to counter these with: "The more I learn, the less I know."2、One of the earliest and most convincing experiments along this line was conducted by the late Prescott Lecky, one of the pioneers in self-image psychology. Lecky conceived of the personality as a "system of ideas", all of which must seem to be consistent with each other. Ideas which are inconsistent with the system are rejected, "not believed," and not acted upon. Ideas which seem to be consistent with the system are accepted. At the very center of this system of ideas —the keystone — the base upon which all else is built, is the individual's "ego ideal," his "self-image," or his conception of himself. Lecky was a school teacher and had an opportunity to test his theory upon thousands of students.第二大题：Translation翻译（英译汉）P113页（1-10题、17-22题）1、The local public security bureau will tell you what the procedure is for getting a passport. 译：当地公安机关会告诉你如何获得护照的程序。
211翻译硕士英语试题11
河南科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算）Part ⅠGrammar and Vocabulary (30%)A. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence (20%).1. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.2. ____ for a long time, theC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact momentgC. which they happenD. when they have happenedA. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. leave6. As the train will not leave until one hour later,8. Betty advised mA. Concerning C. In terms of D10. A well written composition ____ good choice of words and clear organization among other11. It is ____ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until13. George was introduced to ____ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drug dealers.14. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution tA. settlementB. establishmentC. constructionD. structure16. JacA. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. tre18. Outside my office window there is a fire ____20. The electricA. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdownB. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context (10%).Ah, daydreaming. Is 1 anything more pleasant than sitting back and letting your thoughts drift? Well, yes: 2 letting your thoughts drift, for one. Because according to a study published in the journal Science, people are least happy when their minds wander. [M. Killings and Daniel Gilbert, A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind]Humans, to a degree unmatched by other 3 , are capable of thinking about things outside the here and now— 4 that happened yesterday, or something they hope will happen tomorrow. It’s that sort of itinerant intellect 5 allows us to plan and to learn. But at what cost?Psychologists at Harvard used an iPhone app to find out. 6 random times throughout the day, the program asked some 2,200 participants what they were doing, what they were thinking about and 7 they felt. It turns out that people spend nearly half their waking hours thinking about something other than what they’re doing. And8 whether and where their thoughts tend to 9 is a better predictor of their feelings than what they’re actually up to. The scientists conclude that a wandering mind is an unhappy mind.10 try to focus on, and live in, the present. You might discover that happiness is just being where it’s happening.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)A.Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D (20%)1.Bragging about your fancy new cell phone is a fleeting pleasure; after all, today's coolest modelsmeasured in years. So if you really want to be ahead of the tech curve, forget the cell-phone wars and check out the new 5.8-GHz cordless phones.Named after the frequency of the radio wave (measured in billions of cycles per second) that carries the signal between the handset and the base station, 5.8-GHz phones promise more clarity because there are fewer devices that operate on the same frequency and thus fewer to cause interference. If you have a cordless phone that is a couple of years old or even a new one that costs less than $50, chances are it is a 900-MHz model that is highly susceptible to static or buzzing from baby monitors, wireless speaker systems and your neighbors' 900-MHz phones. The newer 2.4-GHz units, introduced as an improvement over the 900-MHz models, do get less static, but wireless home networks and microwave ovens can still trigger a snap-crackle-pop effect. Not so the 5.8 GHz. So far, only a few companies sell the new models, and they don't come cheap. Uniden's TRU5865 costs $149, while the Vtech 5831 is $179. I preferred the Uniden because it was static free both inside my apartment and up to a block away. Its compact design hides the antenna inside the handset, and the glowing orange keys and display look sharp. The Vtech got equally clear reception indoors, but I could stray only a few buildings down the block before buzzing set in.But is it really worth an extra $100 (or more) to step up to 5.8 GHz? Maybe, when I tried out the Panasonic KX-TC1481B, a $39 900-MHz model, I could hear other conversations and even music coming through the phone. I got much clearer reception with the Motorola MA351, a $60 2.4-GHz model--except when I turned on my microwave oven and was assaulted by weird vibrating noises coming through the handset. Still, the Motorola is a decent option at a fair price.No matter which kind of phone you're considering, a few other factors are worth keeping in mind. First, ask about battery life. While I liked the reception best on the Uniden, for example, it can go only four hours between charges vs. eight on the Vtech.Next, find out if the phone is analog or digital. Both 5.8-MHz phones are digital, but that's not always the case with the models that use other frequencies, and this makes them an easier target for eavesdroppers. The best digitals use digital spread-spectrum (DDS) technology, which sends the signal down a broad range of frequencies to ensure that it gets through.Finally, shop at a store that offers a money-back guarantee. That way you can torture test the phone for a few days. Then, once you're certain everything's O.K., go ahead and start bragging about it to all your friends.1. How does the author introduce the topic?A. Explaining a phenomenonB. Justifying an assumption.C. Posing a contrastD. Making a comparison.2. Which of the following can be an advantage of Vtech over Uniden?A. A longer battery lifeB. Free of static interference.C. Fashionable outlookD. Compact design.3. The expression “susceptible to” (Line 5, Paragraph 2) most probably means __________.A. relevant withB. adaptable toC. immune fromD. sensitive to4. What is the most distinctive feature of5.8-GHz phones?A. Fairer priceB. Higher clarityC. More attractive modelD. No easier target for eavesdroppers.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. It is worthwhile to buy any of 5.8-GHz phones.B. Battery life determines your selection of the phone.C. The earlier you bought the phone, the more static interference you got.D. 5.8-GHz phones are becoming popular with consumers.2As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martin's find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lion's share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.It's no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. "Our people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent," says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. "Company-wide, we're looking for students with specific information-systems skills," says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. "Typically we shy away from independent-college students who don't have them."Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members' graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT&T, VFIC asked 20 information-technology managers to help its members create an exam, based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world, to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result, Tek-Xam, is an eight-part test that requires students to design a website, build and analyze spreadsheets, research problems on the Internet and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch, president of VFIC: "If an art-history major wants a job at a bank, he needs to prove he has the skills. That's where this credential can help." This year 245 students at VFIC's member colleges have gone through the program. The long-term hope is that Tek-Xam will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students. "To know a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed," explains John Rudin, chief information officer at Reynolds Metals, one of the corporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question: Has the traditional liberal-arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A B.A. degree, says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlanta's Agnes Scott College, "gives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time again...and the knowledge and thinking skills that transcend a particular discipline or time frame."Martin is finding that to be the truth. "It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript,"he says, but Tek-Xam has armed him with the power to learn those skills on his own--and a credential to show he has done so. He's now waiting to hear when his job as a network-support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.6. The main problem many liberal-arts students face in job seeking is ____________.A. too much competition in job marketB. their lack of technical expertiseC. company’s discrimination against liberal-arts studentsD. the recording-breaking unemployment rate7. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.A. in the modern era, technical talent means everything in securing a jobB. independent colleges are not giving their students proper educationC. retailers are following the fashion only to promote salesD. there is a big demand for students with technical skills8. Tek-Xam is designed to _____________.A. offer VFIC members’ graduates more job opportunitiesB. compete with LSAT and CPAC. help students cope with real world problemsD. test students’ technical skills9. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ____________.A. liberal arts education still proves valuable to studentsB.Tek-Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alikeC. technology companies are eager to promote Tek-XamD. computer classes will be excluded from the curriculum of liberal-arts students10. From the text we can see that the writer seems____________.A. positiveB. suspiciousC. pessimisticD. disapprovingB. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN (10%).3There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star's core.Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible.He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of theHungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005, Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gábor Aacute calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago."In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another," says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows even colder.According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work," he says. "The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work." This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory. "Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation," he says. "I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation."Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I can't think of one that is practical," he says. That's because variation over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as "utterly implausible". Ehrlich counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.11. The ice ages changed frequency from 100,000 to 41,000 years a million years ago.12. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory cannot solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.13. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenhouse effect.14. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they haven't figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.15. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.C. Choose the sentences marked A to E to complete the following passage (10%).________16______.The survey, conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, showed that blog readership has shot up by 58% in the last year._______17________. Despite the explosive growth, more than 60% of online Americans have still never heard of blogs, the survey found._______18_______. Companies such as Google and Microsoft provide users with the tools to publish their own blogs.Reading blogs remains far more popular than writing them, the survey found. Only 7% of the 120 million US adults who use the internet had created a blog or web-based diary. _________19________. Just under one in 10 of the US's internet users read political blogs such as the Daily Kos or Instapundit during the US presidential campaign. Kerry voters were slightly more likely to read them than Bush voters.Blog creators were likely to be young, well-educated, net-savvy males with good incomes and college educations, the survey found. ________20________.A. Getting involved is becoming more popular though, with 12% saying they had posted material or comments on other people's blogs.B. Blogs, or web logs, are online spaces in which people can publish their thoughts, opinions or spread news events in their own words.C. This was also true of the average blog reader, although the survey found there was a greater than average growth in blog readership among women and those in minorities.D. Americans are becoming avid blog readers, with 32 million getting hooked in 2004, according to new research.E. Some of this growth is attributable to political blogs written and read during the US presidential campaign.Part Ⅲ Writing (30%)Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.What Difference Does Having Money Make to You?。
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2011年河南大学翻译硕士真题回顾(kevinforest)
百科：
第一部分名词解释，20个，50分，感觉考的就是历史，给了一段文章，文章部分内容给下划线，解释下划线。
文艺复兴、启蒙运动、一战、二战、人文主义、人道主义、世界银行、国际货币基金组织、伏尔泰、马克思、世贸组织、理性、国际贸易组织、唯物主义、无神论。
记性还行吧，记了这么多。
不过不知道他们想要的答案要点偏在哪，不好找点，有的写的可长，有的可短。
说实话，出的不怎么样，好多词意思都差不多。
应用文写作也是求职信，300--500字，40分。
大作文是论英语学习的必要性800字，60分。
第一部分考的是名词解释:文艺复兴, 人文主义, 人道主义,启蒙运动, 马克思, 付尔泰, 无神论, 唯物主义, 关税, 第一次世界大战, 第二次世界大战, 世界银行,世贸组织, 关税壁垒, 贸易保护主义, 法国资产阶级大革命，大萧条，世界贸易，
共有二十个名词解释，可能有几个不记得了，共五十分，
文艺复兴人道主义人文主义法国资产阶级大革命唯物主义无神论理性马克思伏尔泰启蒙运动国际货币基金组织世界银行二战一战高关税壁垒贸易保护主义经济大萧条国际贸易关税世贸组织
第二部分是写一封求职信，四十分
第三部分是“论英语学习的必要性’六十分。
翻译硕士英语：
4篇阅读，20分。
1篇完型，15分。
15个单选，涉及语法、词汇等。
20个改错，这个挺恶心。
opportunity and success，500字，40分。
翻译基础：
改变很大，与10年大不相同。
英译汉、汉译英各一段，120分，都是书上的，汉译英是李鹏讲话，英译汉有关抑郁症那篇。
10年是先句子翻译，各6个；然后段落翻译，各1个；最后还有翻译理论什么的，8个，
官方网址
北大、人大、中财、北外教授创办集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班、少干、强军。