现在完成时语法专项练习与总结

现在完成时语法专项练习与总结现在完成时态1.定义：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果强调现在的结果。

例：I have already finished myhomework ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调持续到现在。

例：I have lived here since 1990.2.现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词3.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句 Has he finished the work?否定句He has not finished the work.两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.特殊疑问句What has he done?4.在下列情形下用现在完成时（1）九词语①already 已经（肯定句中或句尾）例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.②yet已经，还（在否定句和疑问句句中代替already ）例：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经(句中) 例：Have you ever seen pandas?④never从不(句中) 例：I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚(句中) 例：I have just done my work.⑥before以前 (句尾) 例：I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止例：So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long多久例：How long have you lived here?⑨how many times多少次例：How many times has he been to Beijing?（2）两结构(for和since引导的时间)for two months for +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last year since +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years ago since 1990since he came here since +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.（2）以下时间也是现在完成时的时间：these days,in the last/past three years,(3)两词组have<has>gone to去了某地例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) have<has>been to去过某地例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)（4）如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。

例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？（5）现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。

This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

5. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词(也称瞬间性动词)不能和一段时间状语连用例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：①He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)②He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)③It’s 3 years since he bough t the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型It is---since---）④He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）⑤He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here\例：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.②leave/go →be away例：He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为：He has been away for 3 hours.③begin/start →be on例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为The film has been on for 3 minutes.④open →be open / close → be closed例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错)改为The shop has been open for 3 years.⑤die →be dead例：His father has died for 3 years.(错)改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.⑥finish/end→ be over例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)改为The work has been over for 3 days⑦join 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.⑧buy /catch → have例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.⑨borrow → kept例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years.（错）改为I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break → be broken get up → be up marr y → be married bec ome → be lose → be lost7 延续性动词和终止性动词①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。

如：learn\ work\ stand\ lie\ know\ walk\ keep\ have\ wait\ watch\ sing\ read\ sleep\ live②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。

表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。

在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。

如：leave\ start\ set out\ arrive\ reach\ get to\ begin\ stop\ shut\ turn off\ marry\ put\ put on\ get up\ wake\ fall\ join\ meet\ receive\finish\ end\ complete\ become\ come\ go\ die\ open\ close\ break\ give\ jump\ buy\ borrow8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。

He has died for three days.（错）终止性动词die不能和一段时间连用）练习一：用for 或since填空1. Jill has been in Ireland ______Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia _____ 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _____ 7o'clock.5. India has been an independent country _____1974.练习二：has / have been has / have gone.1. Harry：I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night. Diana：No, it wasn't me. I ____ never____ there.2. Sam：Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren'tthey? Where _____ they_____?Sue：To Florida, again.Sam：How many times _____they ____there?Sue：This is their third visit.3. Alan：Where's Tony?Mary：He's got a headache so he ________ to bed.4. A:Where are the boy students ?B:They _____ to the school factory.5. A:Is your father in ?B:No, he ____ to Shenzhen.A: _______he ever ______ there before ? B: Yes, he ___ there several times练习三：用already或yet填空1) Have they taken down the old pictures ______?No, not ________.2) Most of us have finished our compositions ________3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________.练习四：重点用法1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ___（know）what's happened to him .2. He has _____ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. Still3. Have you met Mr Li ___？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago4. The famous writer _____(write) one new book in the past two year .5.—Our country _____ (change)a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______(good) .6.Zhao Lan __ __already ___(study)in this school for two years .7. We ____ (know) Xiao Li since she was a little girl .8. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______(see) it twice .9.—These farmers have been to the UnitedStates .—Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone10.—____ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I____ it a moment ago .ＡDid;do;finished ＢHave done;finished ＣHave;done have finished Ｄwill;do; finish练习五：关于动词的延续与非延续1. He died 10 years ago. He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.He ____ _____ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _____ _____ here since three days ago.5. He left here 2 years ago.He _____ _____ _____ from here for 2 years.6. The film began 30 minutes ago.The film _____ _____ _____ for 30 minutes.7. They opened the door an hour ago.The door _____ _____ _____ for an hour.8. They closed the door an hour ago.The door _____ _____ _____ for an hour.9. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 10.—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .Ａ.were Ｂ.have been Ｃ.have become Ｄ.have made 11.-How long have you___here ? —About two months .Ａbeen Ｂgone Ｃcome Ｄarrived12. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . Ａ.has begun Ｂ.had begun Ｃ.has been on Ｄ.began 13. His uncle died two years ago .（同）His uncle has _______ for two years14. Her mother has been a Party member for three years Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .15.It ____ ten years since he left the army .Ａis Ｂ.has Ｃwill Ｄ. was16.Miss Green isn't in the office .she_______ to the library .Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 17. My parents _____ Shandong for ten years .Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ.have been练习六：summary and test1.I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ___ (see) it last week.2._ _ he ____(finish) his work today ? Not yet .3.___ you ____(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _____ (be) there twice .4.__ you ever ____(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.5.My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work He is tired now.6.Where’s Li Ming ? He ____ (go) to the teacher’s office.7.Shanghai ___ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it __ (become) a large city.8.I ____ (work) here since I ____ (move) here in 1999.9.So far I ____(make) quite a few friends here.10.How long ____ the Wangs ____(stay) here ?For two weeks.11.I have been to Macau before.(否定句)I ___ ____ been to Macau before.12.He hasn’t come to school because he’s ill.____ _____ he come to school?13.He has learned English for 5 years.(提问)____ ___ ____ ____ learned English ?14.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改写)I ____ just ____ a new bike.一般过去时1、用法：一般过去时指的是过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。