颈部局部解剖学neck

Veins Draining the neck
Internal jugular vein
颈内静脉
Begin at jugular foramen, descending to join the subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein Lies lateral first to internal and then to common carotid a. within carotid sheath Chief extracranial tributaries
Cervical plexus
Formation: formed by anterior rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves Position: lies in front of the origin of levator scapulae and scalenus medius and deep to the superior part of the sternocleidomastoid
Scalenus anterior
Origin: transverse processes of C3-C6. Insertion: tubercle for scalenus anterior Action: unilateral, bends neck laterally; bilateral, elevate first rib, an accessory muscle of inspiration; if rib is fixed, flex neck anteriorly
Neck
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华
The muscles of neck
Superficial group
Platysma 颈阔肌，a thin sheet-like muscle of facial expression Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌
Suprahyoid muscles
Flex the head, bends the neck forward
Major muscles of the neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: manubrium and sternal end of clavicle Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone Action: contraction of one muscle draws head toward the same side, and turn face to opposite side; both muscles act together to draw head backward
Digastric 二腹肌
Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌 Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌 Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌
Elevate (raise) hyoid bone and depress mandible.
Infrahyoid muscle
Sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌 Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌 Thyrohyoid Omohyoid
耳后动脉
Maxillary a. 上颌动脉 Superficial temporal a.
颞浅动脉
Subclavian artery
锁骨下动脉
Origin (arises from)
Brachiocephalic trunk on right Aortic arch on left
Becomes axillary artery at lateral border of first rib Branches
External jugular vein
颈外静脉
Formed behind angle of mandible by union of posterior auricular, posterior branch of retromandibular and occipital vein Crossing sternocleidomastoid to enter subclavian vein
Superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes －lie along the external jugular vein
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Deep lateral cervical lymph nodes
Extend along the internal jugular vein from the base of skull to the root of neck, divided into superior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes and inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes Receive lymphatic vessels from head, neck, tongue, larynx, cervical parts of esophagus and trachea, thyroid gland, upper parts of the thoracic wall and breast Efferent vessels form the jugular trunk－the left jugular trunk joins the thoracic duct and right may joint the right lymphatic duct
Scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙
Above the first rib, there is a triangular space between scalenus anterior and midius. The brachial plexus and the subclavine a. emerge from this space.
Common facial vein 面总静脉 Lingual v. 舌静脉 Pharyngeal v. 咽静脉 Superior thyroid v.甲状腺上静脉 Middle thyroid v. 甲状腺中静脉
Subclavian vein It is an continuation of axillary vein at the lateral border of first rib Joins internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. Angle of union is termed venous angle 静脉角
The arteries of neck
Common carotid artery
颈总动脉 Origin (arises from)
Brachiocephalic trunk on the right Aortic arch on the left Ascends in neck to upper border of thyroid cartilage; bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries
Anterior jugular vein
颈前静脉
Drains submandibular and anterior neck regions Descends near midline, runs posterior to sternal end of sternocleidomastoid to drain into external jugular vein or subclavian vein
Thoracic duct 胸导管
At the roof of the neck, it turns laterally and arches forwards and descends to enter the left venous angle Just before termination, it receives the left jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal trunks
Superior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes 颈外侧上深淋巴结 Jugulodigastric lymph node 颈内静脉二腹肌淋巴结: lies at the junction of posterior belly of digastric and internal jugular vein Inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes 颈外侧下深淋巴结 Juguloomohyoid lymph node 颈内静脉肩胛舌骨肌淋巴结: lies at the junction of the intermediate tendon of omohyoid and internal jugular vein Supraclavicular lymph nodes 锁骨上淋巴结: lie along the subclavian artery
Branches of external carotid a.
Superior thyroid a. 甲状腺上动脉－descends to supply upper pole of thyroid gland and larynx Lingual a. 舌动脉 Facial a. 面动脉 Occipital a.枕动脉 Posterior auricular a.
Carotid sinus 颈动脉窦 (baroreceptor), located at a localizes dilation of terminal part of common carotid artery or beginning of internal carotid artery, sensitive to blood pressure changes Carotid glomus 颈动脉小球 (chemoreceptor), lies posterior to the point of bifurcation of common carotid artery, senses changes in blood carbon dioxide (oxygen) levels