人教版八年级上中期复习题B
人教版八年级(上)期中数学试卷B(含解析)

八年级(上)期中数学试卷一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分)1.(3分)“第七届世界军人运动会”已于2019年10月18日到27日在武汉举行,本届军运会会徽名为“和平友谊纽带”,寓意中国通过本届军运会,向国际社会传递了和平发展的理念,如下字体的四个汉字中,是轴对称图形的是()A.B.C.D.2.(3分)下列图形不具有稳定性的是()A.B.C.D.3.(3分)已知三角形的两边长分别为1和4,第三边长为整数,则该三角形的周长为()A.7B.8C.9D.104.(3分)将一副直角三角板按如图所示的位置放置,使含30°角的三角板的一条直角边和含45°角的三角板的一条直角边放在同一条直线上,则∠α的度数是()A.45°B.60°C.75°D.85°5.(3分)如图,点B、F、C、E在一条直线上,AB∥ED,AC∥FD,那么添加下列一个条件后,仍无法判定△ABC ≌△DEF的是()A.∠A=∠D B.AC=DF C.AB=ED D.BF=EC6.(3分)如图,用一条宽度相等的足够长的纸条打一个结(如图1所示),然后轻轻拉紧、压平就可以得到如图2所示的正五边形ABCDE.图2中,∠BAC的大小是()A.72°B.36°C.30°D.54°7.(3分)如图,在四边形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠ADC+∠ABC=180°,BC=3.分别以点A,C为圆心,大于AC长为半径画弧,两弧交于点E,作射线BE交AD于点F,交AC于点O.若点O是AC的中点,△CDF的周长为8,则DF的长为()A.2B.3C.4D.58.(3分)一个大正方形中如图摆放有两个小正方形,它们的面积分别是S1,S2,则S1,S2的大小关系是()A.S1>S2B.S1<S2C.S1=S2D.无法确定9.(3分)如图,△ABC中,AD⊥BC交BC于D,AE平分∠BAC交BC于E,F为BC的延长线上一点,FG⊥AE 交AD的延长线于G,AC的延长线交FG于H,连接BG,下列结论:①∠DAE=∠F;②∠AGH=∠BAE+∠ACB;③S△AEB:S△AEC=AB:AC,其中正确的结论有()个.A.0B.1C.2D.310.(3分)如图,△ABC中,BC=10,AC﹣AB=4,AD是∠BAC的角平分线,CD⊥AD,则S△BDC的最大值为()A.40B.28C.20D.10二、填空题(每题3分,共18分)11.(3分)点A(1,2)与点B关于x轴对称,则点B的坐标是.12.(3分)在△ABC中,∠A=50°,∠B=30°,点D在边AB上,连接CD,若AC=AD,则∠BCD的大小是.13.(3分)一个多边形的内角和比它的外角和多540°,并且这个多边形的各个内角都相等,则这个多边形每个内角是.14.(3分)如图,在小正三角形组成的网格中,已有6个小正三角形涂黑,还需涂黑n个小正三角形,使它们与原来涂黑的小正三角形组成的新图案恰有3条对称轴,则n的最小值是.15.(3分)如图,△ABC为等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=90°,∠BDC=90°,CD=4,那么△ADC的面积为.三、解答题(共72分)17.(8分)已知一个等腰三角形的周长是18cm,其中一边长是4cm,求这个三角形的边长.18.(8分)如图,点D是AB上一点,DF交AC于点E,DE=FE,FC∥AB.求证:AE=CE.19.(8分)如图△ABC中,AB,AC的垂直平分线分别交BC于D,E,垂足分别是M,N (1)若BC=10,求△ADE的周长.(2)若∠BAC=100°,求∠DAE的度数.20.(8分)图①,图②都是由四条边长均为1的小四边形构成的网络,每个小四边形的顶点称为格点.点O,M,N,A,B均在格点上,请仅用无刻度直尺在网格中完成下列画图(保留连线痕迹)(1)在图①中,画出△OMP≌△ONP,要求点P在格点上;(2)在图②中,画一个Rt△ABC,∠ACB=90°,要求点C在格点上.21.(8分)△ABC和△CDE都是等腰直角三角形,其中∠ACB=∠DCE=90°,AC=BC,DC=EC,连接BD,BE,AE.(1)求证:BD=AE;(2)若∠AEB=50°,求∠EBD的度数.22.(10分)请按要求完成下面三道小题(本题作图不要求尺规作图)(1)如图1,AB=AC.这两条线段一定关于∠BAC的所在直线对称,请画出该直线.(2)如图2,已知线段AB和点C.求作线段CD,使它与AB成轴对称,且A与C是对称点,对称轴是线段AC 的.(3)如图3,任意位置(不成轴对称)的两条线段AB,CD,AB=CD.你能从(1),(2)问中获得的启示,对其中一条线段作两次轴对称使它们重合吗?如果能,请画出图形并简要描述操作步骤;如果不能,请说明理由.23.(10分)已知在四边形ABCD中,∠ABC+∠ADC=180°,AB=BC,点E,F分别在射线DA,DC上,满足EF=AE+CF.(1)如图1,若点E,F分别在线段DA,DC上,求证:∠EBF=90°﹣∠ADC;(2)如图2,若点E,F分别在线段DA延长线与DC延长线上,请直接写出∠EBF与∠ADC的数量关系.24.(12分)【实验操作】如图①,在△ABC中,AB=AC,现将AB边沿∠ABC的平分线BD翻折,点A落在BC边的点A1处;再将线段CA1沿CD翻折到线段CA2,连接DA2.【探究发现】若点B,D,A2三点共线,则∠ADB的大小是,∠BAC的大小是,此时三条线段AD,BD,BC之间的数量关系是【应用拓展】(1)如图②,将图①中满足【实验操作】与【探究发现】的△ABC的边AB延长至E,使得AE=BC,连接CE,直接写出∠BCE的度数.(2)如图③,在△MNP中,∠MNP=60°,∠MPN=70°,Q为NP上一点,且∠NMQ=20°,求证:MN+NQ =MQ+QP.参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分)1.【解答】解:A、不是轴对称图形,故本选项不合题意;B、是轴对称图形,故本选项符合题意;C、不是轴对称图形,故本选项不合题意;D、不是轴对称图形,故本选项不合题意.故选:B.2.【解答】解:根据三角形的稳定性可得,B、C、D都具有稳定性.不具有稳定性的是A选项.故选A.3.【解答】解:设第三边为x,根据三角形的三边关系,得:4﹣1<x<4+1,即3<x<5,∵x为整数,∴x的值为4.三角形的周长为1+4+4=9.故选:C.4.【解答】解:如图,∵∠ACD=90°、∠F=45°,∴∠CGF=∠DGB=45°,则∠α=∠D+∠DGB=30°+45°=75°,故选:C.5.【解答】解:选项A、添加∠A=∠D不能判定△ABC≌△DEF,故本选项正确;选项B、添加AC=DF可用AAS进行判定,故本选项错误;选项C、添加AB=DE可用AAS进行判定,故本选项错误;选项D、添加BF=EC可得出BC=EF,然后可用ASA进行判定,故本选项错误.故选:A.6.【解答】解:∵∠ABC==108°,△ABC是等腰三角形,∴∠BAC=∠BCA=36°.故选:B.7.【解答】解:如图,连接FC,则AF=FC.∵AD∥BC,∴∠F AO=∠BCO.在△FOA与△BOC中,,∴△FOA≌△BOC(ASA),∴AF=BC=3=CF,且AF∥BC,∴四边形ABCF是平行四边形,∴∠ABC=∠AFC,∵∠ADC+∠ABC=180°,∠AFC+∠CFD=180°,∴∠CDF=∠CFD,∴CF=CD=AF=3,∵△CDF的周长为8,∴DF=2,故选:A.8.【解答】解:如图,设大正方形的边长为x,根据等腰直角三角形的性质知,AC=BC,BC=CE=CD,∴AC=2CD,CD=.∴S2的边长为,S2的面积为,S1的边长为,S1的面积为,∴S1>S2,故选:A.9.【解答】解:如图,AE交GF于M,①∵AD⊥BC,FG⊥AE,∴∠ADE=∠AMF=90°,∵∠AED=∠MEF,∴∠DAE=∠F;故①正确;②∵∠DAE=∠F,∠FDG=∠FME=90°,∴∠AGH=∠MEF,∵AE平分∠BAC交BC于E,∴∠BAE=∠CAE,∵∠MEF=∠CAE+∠ACB,∴∠AGH=∠CAE+∠ACB,∴∠AGH=∠BAE+∠ACB;故②正确;③∵AE平分∠BAC交BC于E,∴,∵S△AEB:S△AEC=,∴S△AEB:S△AEC=AB:CA;故③正确,故选:D.10.【解答】解:如图:延长AB,CD交点于E,∵AD平分∠BAC,∴∠CAD=∠EAD,∵CD⊥AD,∴∠ADC=∠ADE=90°,在△ADE和△ADC中,,∴△ADE≌△ADC(ASA),∴AC=AE,DE=CD;∵AC﹣AB=4,∴AE﹣AB=4,即BE=4;∵DE=DC,∴S△BDC=S△BEC,∴当BE⊥BC时,S△BDC面积最大,即S△BDC最大面积=××10×4=10.故选:D.二、填空题(每题3分,共18分)11.【解答】解:点A与点B关于x轴对称,点A的坐标为(1,2),则点B的坐标是(1,﹣2).故答案为:(1,﹣2).12.【解答】解:∵在△ABC中,∠A=50°,∠B=30°,∴∠ACB=180°﹣50°﹣30°=100°,∵AD=AC,∴∠ADC=∠ACD=(180°﹣50°)=65°,∴∠BCD=∠ACB﹣∠ACD=100°﹣65°=35°,故答案为:35°;13.【解答】解:设这个多边形的边数为n,则有(n﹣2)•180°=360°+540°,解得n=7.∵这个多边形的每个内角都相等,∴它每一个内角的度数为900°÷7=()°.故答案为:()°.14.【解答】解:如图所示,n的最小值为3,故答案为:3.15.【解答】解:如图,作DM⊥AC于M.DN⊥BC于N.∵∠BDC=90°,BC=5,CD=4,∴BD==3,∵S△BCD=•BC•DN=•BD•DC,∴DN=,∴CN=,∵DM⊥AC,∴∠DMC=∠MCN=∠CND=90°,∴四边形DMCN是矩形,∴DM=CN=,∴S△ADC=•AC•DM=×5×=8,故答案为8.三、解答题(共72分)17.【解答】解:∵等腰三角形的周长为18cm,三角形的一边长4cm,∴若4cm是底边长,则腰长为:=7(cm),∵4cm,7cm,7cm能组成三角形,∴此时其它两边长分别为7cm,7cm;若4cm为腰长,则底边长为:18﹣4﹣4=10(cm),∵4+4=8<10,∴不能组成三角形,故舍去.∴这个三角形的边长分别为4cm,7cm,7cm.18.【解答】证明:∵FC∥AB,∴∠A=∠FCE,且DE=EF,∠AED=∠CEF∴△AED≌△CEF(AAS)∴AE=CE19.【解答】解:(1)∵AB、AC的垂直平分线分别交BC于D、E,垂足分别是M、N,∴AD=BD,AE=CE,∴△ADE的周长=AD+DE+AE=BD+DE+CE=BC=10.(2)∵∠BAC=100°,∴∠B+∠C=180°﹣∠BAC=80°,∵AD=BD,AE=CE,∴∠BAD=∠B,∠CAE=∠C,∴∠BAD+∠CAE=80°,∴∠DAE=∠BAC﹣(∠BAD+∠CAE)=100°﹣80°=20°.20.【解答】解:(1)如图所示,射线OP即为所求.(2)如图所示,点C即为所求;21.【解答】证明:(1)∵∠ACB=∠DCE=90°,∴∠DCB=∠ECA,且AC=BC,DC=EC,∴△DBC≌△ECA(SAS)∴BD=AE;(2)∵△DBC≌△ECA,∴∠CDB=∠CEA,∵∠AEB=50°=∠CEA+∠CEB,∴∠CDB+∠CEB=50°,∵∠CDB+∠BDE+∠CEB+∠BED=90°∴∠BDE+∠BED=40°,∴∠EBD=180°﹣(∠BDE+∠BED)=140°.22.【解答】解:(1)如图1,作∠ABC的平分线所在直线a,则a即为所求.(答案不唯一)故答案为:角平分线;(2)如图2所示:①连接AC;②作线段AC的垂直平分线,即为对称轴b;③作点B关于直线b的对称点D;④连接CD即为所求.故答案为:垂直平分线;(3)如图3所示,连接BD;作线段BD的垂直平分线,即为对称轴c;作点C关于直线c的对称点E;连接BE;作∠ABE的角平分线所在直线d即为对称轴,故其中一条线段作2次的轴对称即可使它们重合.23.【解答】证明:(1)如图1,延长DA,使AH=CF,连接BH,∵∠ABC+∠BCD+∠ADC+∠DAB=360°,∠ABC+∠ADC=180°,∴∠DAB+∠BCD=180°,且∠DAB+∠HAB=180°,∴∠BCD=∠HAB,且AB=BC,AH=CF,∴△HAB≌△FCB(SAS)∴BH=BF,∠HBA=∠CBF,∵EF=AE+CF,∴EF=AE+AH=EH,且BH=BF,BE=BE,∴△BEH≌△BEF(SSS)∴∠EBF=∠EBH,∴∠EBF=∠EBH=∠EBA+∠CBF,∴∠EBF=∠ABC=(180°﹣∠ADC)=90°﹣∠ADC;(2)在CD的延长线上截取CH=AE,连接BH,∵∠ABC+∠BCD+∠ADC+∠DAB=360°,∠ABC+∠ADC=180°,∴∠DAB+∠BCD=180°,且∠DAB+∠EAB=180°,∴∠BCD=∠EAB,且AB=BC,AE=CH,∴△AEB≌△CHB(SAS)∴BE=BH,∠EBA=∠HBC,∵EF=AE+CF,∴EF=CH+CF=HF,且BF=BF,BE=BH,∴△EBF≌△HBF(SSS)∴∠EBF=∠HBF,∵∠EBF+∠HBF+∠EBA+∠ABH=360°,∴2∠EBF+∠HBC+∠ABH=360°,∴2∠EBF+∠ABC=360°,∴2∠EBF+180﹣∠ADC=360°,∴∠EBF=90°+∠ADC.24.【解答】解:【探究发现】∵将AB边沿∠ABC的平分线BD翻折,点A落在BC边的点A1处;再将线段CA1沿CD翻折到线段CA2,∴∠ADB=∠A1DB,∠CDA1=∠CDA2,∠ABD=∠DBC,∠DCA1=∠DCA2,AD=A1D=A2D,∵点B,D,A2三点共线,∴∠A2DC=∠ADB,∴∠ADB=∠A1DB=∠CDA1=∠CDA2,∵∠ADB+∠A1DB+∠CDA1=180°,∵AB=AC,∴∠ABC=∠ACB,∴∠ACB=2∠DBC,∵∠ADB=∠DBC+∠ACB=3∠DBC=60°,∴∠DBC=20°,∴∠ACB=40°,∴∠BAC=180°﹣∠ABC﹣∠ACB=100°,∵∠DCA1=∠DCA2=40°∴∠BCA2=80°,∠BA2C=180°﹣80°﹣20°=80°,∴∠BCA2=∠BA2C,∴BC=A2B=BD+A2D=BD+AD,故答案为:60°,100°,BC=BD+AD;【应用拓展】(1)如图,将AB边沿∠ABC的平分线BD翻折,点A落在BC边的点A1处;再将线段CA1沿CD 翻折到线段CA2,以A2C为边作等边三角形A2CF,连接BF,由【探究发现】可知:∠ABC=∠ACB=∠A2CD=40°,A1C=A2C,A2B=BC,AB=BA1,∠BCA2=∠BA2C=80°,∴∠CBE=140°,∵AE=BC,AB=A1B,∴BE=A1C,∵△A2CF是等边三角形,∴∠A2CF=∠CA2F=60°,A2F=A2C=CF,∴A2F=CF=BE,∠BA2F=140°=∠BCF=∠EBC,且BC=BC,∴△EBC≌△FCB(SAS),∴∠FBC=∠ECB,∵A2F=BE,∠BA2F=140°=∠EBC,BC=A2B∴△EBC≌△F A2B(SAS)∴∠BCE=∠A2BF,∴∠BCE=∠A2BF=∠FBC,且∠A2BC=20°∴∠BCE=10°;(2)如图3,将△MNQ沿MN翻折,得到△MNC,延长MC交直线PN于点E,将△MPQ沿MP翻折,得到△MP A,延长MA,交直线NP于点B,延长MN使NF=NQ,连接EF,∵∠MNP=60°,∠MPN=70°,∴∠NMP=50°,且∠NMQ=20°,∴∠MQP=80°,∵将△MNQ沿MN翻折,得到△MNC,将△MPQ沿MP翻折,得到△MP A,∴∠NMQ=∠NMC=20°,∠CNM=∠MNQ=60°,CN=NQ,∠QMP=∠PMA=30°,MQ=AM,QP=AP,∠QPM=∠MP A=70°,∠MQP=∠MAP=80°,∴∠APB=180°﹣∠QPM﹣∠MP A=40°,∠EMB=100°∵∠MAP=∠B+∠APB,∴∠B=40°=∠APB,∴AP=AB,∠MEB=180°﹣∠B﹣∠EMB=40°,∴∠B=∠MEB=40°,∴ME=MB=AM+AB=MQ+PQ,∵∠ENF=∠MNQ=60°=∠MNC,∴∠CNE=∠ENF=60°,且CN=NQ=NF,EN=EN,∴△EFN≌△ECN(SAS)∴∠CEN=∠FEN=40°,∴∠MEF=80°,∴∠MFE=180°﹣∠EMF﹣∠MEF=80°,∴∠MEF=∠MFE=80°,∴MF=EM,∴MN+NF=MQ+PQ,∴MN+NQ=MQ+PQ.。
2022-2023学年初中八年级上英语人教版期中试卷(含解析)

2022-2023学年初中八年级上英语期中试卷学校:____________ 班级:____________ 姓名:____________ 考号:____________考试总分:70 分考试时间: 120 分钟注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷I(选择题)一、单选题(本题共计 5 小题,每题 5 分,共计25分)1. —Peter is ________ than you, right?—Yes, but he is ________ runner in our class.A.heavier; bestB.more heavy; the bestC.heavier; the bestD.heavy; better2. My math teacher lives an active life. She looks as _____as she was ten years ago.A.youngB.youngerC.the youngest3. It was very cold. They decided ________ at home.A.stayB.to stayC.stayedD.staying4. We will have a ________ holiday.A.two-month'sB.two monthsC.two-monthsD.two-month5. There are fifty-five students in Paul's class. ________ of them goes to school by bus.A.NoneB.BothC.Neither卷II(非选择题)二、完形填空(本题共计 1 小题,共计5分)6.(5分)Children need free time to find their own interests, be with friends or just relax.Parents(1)________ to know more about their kids. So if parents and their kids can find free time activities to enjoy(2)________, it'll be useful to them.How children spend free timeAll children are different. But many like to spend their free time doing things like shopping, going to the park, playing games or other(3)________ activities. Children also like to(4)________ their free time through after school activities. Most children join in after-school activities(5)________ arts and sports.Free time with parentsChildren always like(6)________ their free time with their parents. Parents are veryhappy(7)________ they can spend time doing things together with their kids. They also think it's a great(8)________ to know about each other. Usually the mothers like seeing a movie or doing shopping with their kids in their free time, while fathers like watching a football game or other sports games.Sometimes children just want to spend time by themselves.(9)________ they just think about something. Parents should(10)________ children enough free time. And children should learn to balance the time spent with themselves and families.(1)A.hateB.tryC.refuseD.enjoy(2)A.lessB.differentlyC.togetherD.quickly(3)A.onlineB.fullC.boringD.difficult(4)eB.planC.saveD.kill(5)A.such asB.at leastC.because ofD.more than(6)A.takingingC.spendingD.paying(7)A.whenB.althoughC.soD.before(8)A.problemB.mindC.wayD.program(9)A.AlmostB.MaybeC.HardlyD.Finally(10)A.giveB.makeC.stayD.put三、阅读理解(本题共计 5 小题,每题 5 分,共计25分)7.Costa Rica(哥斯达黎加)Costa Rica is a great place for you if you're looking for adventure, with surfing(冲浪), volcanoes(火山)and other recreational(娱乐的)activities. Once it was thought as an unsafe travel destination, Costa Rica is full of warm-hearted(热心的)and helpful locals now. You'll never get a chance to feel lonelybecause there's a lot of exciting adventures.Hong Kong, ChinaDespite being one of the biggest cities in the world, Hong Kong is a great place to relax as it is full of "Zen moments"(静思时刻), such as beautiful gardens and Taichi classes. It is regarded as one of the safest cities in the world.Aran Islands(阿伦群岛)There are very safe, quiet islands with friendly locals. And it is a perfect place for riding bicycle—the most common form of transport on the islands. It is home to the most famous Iron Age fortress(堡垒)in all of Europe.【长难句分析】1. Costa Rica is a great place for you if you're looking for adventure, with surfing(冲浪), volcanoes(火山)and other recreational(娱乐的)activities.翻译:如果你想去冒险,哥斯达黎加是个不错的选择,那里有冲浪、火山和其他娱乐活动。
人教版八年级数学 上册 第十二章 全等三角形 单元综合与测试 B卷(含答案)

第十二章 全等三角形 单元复习与检测题 B 卷(含答案)一、选择题1、下列条件不能判定两个直角三角形全等的是( ) A .两条直角边对应相等 B .斜边和一锐角对应相等 C .斜边和一直角边对应相等D .两个锐角对应相等2、如图,D 是AB 上一点,DF 交AC 于点E ,DE FE =,//FC AB ,若4AB =,3CF =,则BD 的长是( )A .0.5B .1C .1.5D .23、如图,在△ABC 和△DEF 中,已有条件AB=DE ,还需要添加两个条件才能使△ABC ≌△DEF ,不能添加的一组条件是( )A .∠B=∠E ,BC=EFB .∠A=∠D ,BC=EFC .∠A=∠D ,∠B=∠ED .BC=EF ,AC=DF4、如图,P 是∠AOB 平分线上一点,CD ⊥OP 于P ,并分别交OA 、OB 于C D ,则CD_____点P 到∠AOB 两边距离之和.( )A .小于B .大于C .等于 D.不能确定5、如图.射线OC 平分∠AOB ,点P 在OC 上,且PM ⊥OA 于M .PN ⊥OB 于N ,当PM =2cm 时,则PN 是( )A .1cmB .2cmC .4cmD .不确定6、如图,直线a ,b ,c 表示三条公路,现要建一个货物中转站,要求它到三条公路的距离相等,则可供选择的地址有( )A .一处B .两处C .三处D .四处7、要测量河两岸相对的两点A ,B 的距离,先在AB 的垂线BF 上取两点C ,D ,使CD =BC ,再定出BF 的垂线DE ,使A ,C ,E 在一条直线上(如图所示),可以说明△EDC ≌△ABC ,得ED =AB ,因此测得ED 的长就是AB 的长,判定△EDC ≌△ABC 最恰当的理由是( )A .边角边B .角边角C .边边边D .边边角8、已知一等腰三角形的腰长为5,底边长为4,底角为β.满足下列条件的三角形不一定与已知三角形全等的是( )A .两条边长分别为4,5,它们的夹角为βB .两个角是β,它们的夹边为4C .三条边长分别是4,5,5D .两条边长是5,一个角是β9、如图,在ABC 中,AC BC =,过点B 作射线BF ,在射线BF 上取一点E ,连接AE ,使得CBF CAE ∠=∠,过点C 作射线BF 的垂线,垂足为点D ,若2DE =,4AE =,则BD 的长度为( )A .7B .6C .4D .210、如图,方格纸中△DEF 的三个顶点分别在小正方形的顶点上,像这样的三个顶点都在格点上的三角形叫格点三角形,则图中与△DEF 全等的格点三角形最多有A .8个B .7个C .6个D .4个二、填空题11、如图,如果△ABC ≌△DEF ,△DEF 周长是32cm ,DE=9cm ,EF=13cm ,∠E=∠B ,则AC=______cm .12、如图,小明用直尺和圆规作一个角等于已知角,则说明A O B AOB '''∠=∠的依据是______.13、已知△ABC ≌△DEF ,△ABC 的周长为12,则△DEF 的周长为______14、如图,D 为Rt △ABC 中斜边BC 上的一点,且BD=AB ,过D 作BC 的垂线,交AC 于E ,若AE=12cm ,则DE 的长为__cm .15、已知AD 是△ABC 的角平分线,DE ⊥AB 于E ,且DE =3cm ,则点D 到AC 的距离为_____.16、在四边形ABCD 中,∠BAD+∠BCD=180°, AC 平分∠BAD ,过点C 作CE ⊥AD ,垂足为E , CD=4,AE=10,则四边形ABCD 的周长是____________________.17、在数学活动课上,小明提出这样一个问题:∠B=∠C=90°,E 是BC 的中点,DE 平分∠ADC ,如图.大家一起热烈地讨论交流,小英第一个得出如下结论:(1)AE 平分∠DAB ;(2)△EBA ≌△DCE ;(3)AB+CD=AD ;(4)AE ⊥DE ;(5)AB ∥CD .其中正确的结论是_____.(将你认为正确结论的序号都填上)18、如图所示,直线a经过正方形ABCD的顶点A,分别过正方形的顶点B、D作BF⊥a于点F,DE⊥a于点E,若DE=8,BF=5,则EF的长为__.三、解答题19、已知△ABC≌△DFE,∠A=100°,∠B=50°,DF=12cm,求∠E的度数及AB的长.20、如图,点A,B,D,E在同一直线上,AB=ED,AC∥EF,∠C=∠F.求证:AC=EF.21、如图,∠C=∠CAM=90°,AC=8,BC=4,P,Q两点分别在线段AC和射线AM上运动,且PQ=A B.若△ABC和△PQA全等,求AP的长度.22、如图,已知△EFG≌△NMH,∠F与∠M是对应角.(1)写出图中相等的线段与角.(2)若EF=2.1cm,FH=1.1cm,HM=3.3cm,求MN和HG的长度.23、如图,在ABC∆中,D是BC边上的一点,AB DB=,BE平分ABC∠,交AC边于点E,连接DE.(1)求证:ABE DBE ∆≅∆;(2)若100A ∠=︒,50C ∠=︒,求AEB ∠的度数.24、如图,△ABC 为等腰三角形,AB=AC ,∠D=∠E ,∠BAD=∠CAE . (1)写出一对全等的三角形:△ ≌△ ; (2)证明(1)中的结论; (3)求证:点G 为BC 的中点.25、已知AB=AC ,D ,E 是BC 边上的点,将△ABD 绕点A 旋转,得到△ACD',连接D'E(1)如图1,当∠BAC=120°,∠DAE=60°时,求证DE=D'E ,(2)如图2,当DE=D'E 时,∠DAE 与∠BAC 有怎样的数量关系?请写出,并说明理由.参考答案:一、1、D 2、B 3、B 4、B 5、B 6、D 7、B 8、D 9、B 10、A 二、 11、10 12、SSS 13、12 14、12 15、 3cm 16、 2817、(1)(3)(4)(5). 18、13三、解答题19、∠E=30°,AB=12cm . 【分析】根据全等三角形性质得出∠D=∠A=100°,∠F=∠B=50°,利用三角形内角和定理即可求出∠E 的度数,再根据DF=AB ,即可求出AB 的长.【详解】∵△ABC ≌△DFE ,∴∠D=∠A=100°,∠F=∠B=50°,DF=AB ∴∠E=180°-100°-50°=30°,∵DF=12cm , ∴AB=12cm .【点睛】本题主要考查全等三角形的性质,掌握全等三角形的对应边、对应角相等是解题的关键. 20、证明见解析. 【解析】试题分析:根据全等三角形的片对于性质,再由原子条件即可证明△ABC ≌△EDF (AAS ),推出AC=EF 即可.试题解析:证明:∵AC ∥EF , ∴∠A=∠E . 在△ABC 和△DEF 中, {∠A =∠E∠C =∠F AB =ED , ∴△ABC ≌△EDF . ∴AC=EF .考点:全等三角形的判定与性质. 21、4或8 【解析】试题分析:分△ABC ≌△PQA 和△ABC ≌△QPA 两种情况求AP 的长. 试题解析:当△ABC ≌△PQA 时,AP =CA =8; 当△ABC ≌△QPA 时,AP =CB =4.22、(1)见解析;(2)MN=2.1cm ;HG= 2.2cm . 【分析】(1)根据△EFG ≌△NMH ,∠F 与∠M 是对应角可得到两个三角形中对应相等的三边和三角;(2)根据(1)中的对等关系即可得MN 和HG 的长度.【详解】(1)∵△EFG ≌△NMH ,∠F 与∠M 是对应角,∴EF=NM ,EG=NH ,FG=MH ,∠F=∠M ,∠E=∠N ,∠EGF=∠NHM , ∴FH=GM ,∠EGM=∠NHF ; (2)∵EF=NM ,EF=2.1cm , ∴MN=2.1cm ;∵FG=MH ,FH+HG=FG ,FH=1.1cm ,HM=3.3cm , ∴HG=FG-FH=HM-FH=3.3-1.1=2.2cm .23、(1)见解析;(2)65︒ 【分析】(1)由角平分线定义得出ABE DBE ∠∠=,由SAS 证明ABE DBE ∆≅∆即可; (2)由三角形内角和定理得出30ABC ∠=︒,由角平分线定义得出1152ABE DBE ABC ∠∠∠︒===,在ABE ∆中,由三角形内角和定理即可得出答案.【详解】(1)证明:BE 平分ABC ∠,∴ABE DBE ∠∠=,在ABE ∆和DBE ∆中,AB DB ABE DBE BE BE =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩,∴()ABE DBE SAS ∆≅∆;(2)100A ∠=︒,50C ∠=︒,∴30ABC ∠=︒,BE平分ABC∠,∴1152ABE DBE ABC∠∠∠︒===,在ABE∆中,1801801001565AEB A ABE∠=︒∠∠=︒︒︒=︒----.【点睛】本题考查了全等三角形的判定与性质、角平分线的定义、三角形内角和定理;熟练掌握三角形内角和定理和角平分线定义,证明三角形全等是解题的关键.24、(1)△ABE≌△ACD.(2)详见解析.(3)详见解析.【分析】(1)结论:△ABE≌△ACD.(2)根据AAS即可证明;(3)只要证明FB=FC,可得AF垂直平分线段BC即可解决问题;【详解】(1)解:结论:△ABE≌△ACD.(2)证明:∵∠BAD=∠CAE,∴∠BAE=∠CAD,在△ABE和△ACD中,{E DBAE CADAB AC∠=∠∠=∠=,∴△ABE≌△ACD.故答案为ABE,ACD.(3)证明:∵AB=AC,∴∠ABC=∠ACB,∵△ABE≌△ACD,∴∠ABE=∠ACD,∴∠FBC=∠FCB,∴BF=CF,∵AB=AC,∴AF垂直平分线段BC,∴BG=GC,∴点G为BC的中点.【点睛】本题考查了全等三角形的判定和性质、等腰三角形的判定和性质等知识,解题的关键是准确寻找全等三角形解决问题.25、(1)详见解析;(2)∠DAE=12∠BAC,理由详见解析.【分析】(1)根据旋转的性质和全等三角形的判定定理SAS证得△DAE≌△D′AE,则由“全等三角形的对应边相等”的性质证得结论;(2)∠DAE=12∠BAC.根据旋转的性质和全等三角形的判定定理SSS证得△DAE≌△D′AE,则由“全等三角形的对应角相等”的性质推知∠DAE=12∠BAC.【详解】(1)证明:如图,∵△ABD旋转得到△ACD',∴∠DAD'=∠BAC=120°,AD=AD'.∵∠DAE=60°,∴∠EAD'=∠DAD'-∠DAE=120°-60°=60°. ∴∠DAE=∠D'AE,又∵AE=AE,AD=AD',∴△DAE≌△D'AE(SAS).∴DE=D'E.(2)解:∠DAE=12∠BAC.理由:如图,∵△ABD旋转得到△ACD', ∴∠DAD'=∠BAC,AD=AD'. ∵DE=D'E,AE=AE,∴△DAE≌△D'AE(SSS).∴∠DAE=D'AE=12∠DAD'.∴∠DAE=12∠BAC.【点睛】本题考查的知识点是全等三角形的判定与性质及旋转的性质以及等腰三角形的性质,解题的关键是熟练的掌握全等三角形的判定与性质及旋转的性质以及等腰三角形的性质.。
2022-2023学年全国初中八年级上英语人教版期中试卷(含答案解析)025345

2022-2023学年全国初中八年级上英语人教版期中试卷考试总分:145 分考试时间: 120 分钟学校:__________ 班级:__________ 姓名:__________ 考号:__________一、单选题(本题共计 20 小题,每题 5 分,共计100分)1. —The cakes are quite delicious! Can I have one more?—Sorry, there is ________ left. What about some bread?A.noneB.no oneC.nothingD.nobody2. Jack can sing ________ . He is ________ at singing.A.good, wellB.good, goodC.well, wellD.well, good5. —Do I have to cook this dish for ________ ten minutes, Mom?—Yes, and remember not to open the cover.A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.one other6. —What does your new teacher look like?—________.A.She likes playing volleyball.B.She is kind of shy.C.She is tall and has curly blonde hair.D.She likes to talk to us.8. My mother is a nurse(护士)and is good ________ kids.A.toB.forC.withD.at10. When is the market conference?A.On Monday.B.On Thursday.C.On Friday.12. —After school all the students went home ________ Ted. Why?—Oh, because he didn't finish his homework.A.withoutB.besidesC.except13. —Three months ___________quite a long time.—Yes, I'm afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A.areB.wasC.isD.were15. —You were supposed to ________ at today's meeting, but I didn't see you.—I had a bad cold.A.leave outB.show upC.call inD.talk back16. —Tina, ________ are three pictures of you. They are nice.—Thanks.A.thisB.thatC.hereD.it18. You are never ________ old ________ dream a new dream.A.such; thatB.so; thatC.too; to19. —Many people ________ the flood in the summer of 2020.—What a pity!A.died toB.died fromC.died ofD.died for20. Do you know how to________the difficult math problem( )20. Do you know how to________the difficult math problem( )A.bring outB.work outC.take outD.put out二、填空题(本题共计 3 小题,每题 5 分,共计15分)21. "More young people should study Science", Hazel Wallace, a Science teacher from London, said at a conference for young scientists last weekend." More young people should take Science subjects at school and study them at university, "she said." Scientists can change the world and can improve life for everyone. We also need more people who want to teach science and do scientific research."But there was bad news from Professor George Benson, a research scientist and university Science teacher,who was also at the conference." Science courses at university are very good," he said, "but there's a real problem with Science teaching in schools. One in three people who teach Physics to 15﹣and 16﹣years﹣olds don't have a physical degree. Not enough people are studying Science at university and this means that there are not enough science teachers."Mrs Wallace didn't agree." It's true that the number of Science pupils fell between 2000 and 2010."She said." But now the numbers are rising again. The number of students who take Science subjects at school is much higher now than it was five years ago."Professor Benson was certain that numbers were still too low and added, "There's still a problem with science lessons in schools. Most young people think that Science is boring or difficult or both. We have to find ways to interest 12﹣16 years olds in studying Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Old﹣fashioned teaching methods have to change, We must spread the news that Science is very important, but it can also be fun."(1)What does Hazel Wallace do?________(2)Who was the conference for?________(3)The number of science pupils is still falling now, isn't it?________(4)According to Benson, what can teachers do to make Science lessons more interesting?________(5)What might be the topic of the conference?________(6)Will you choose Science as your major at university? Why or Why not?(Explain in 2﹣3 sentences.)________22. Kate is an American high school student. One day in October, her English teacher, Mr. Smith, said to the students in his class, "I think you learned a lot of things during the summer holidays. Write about one of them in about 150 words and bring it to me next week." Kate thought about the homework over and over again, but she couldn't think of anything good to write about.At last she called her friend Mary to ask her about the homework. Mary said that she was writing about swimming in the lake. Soon after that, Kate tried to write about bird watching. Her father took her to the lake to watch birds in September. It was not so easy to write about it in about 150 words, but she did her best (尽力).Later during the English class, Mr. Smith said Kate's story was interesting and told her to read it out loud for the class. Kate felt very happy!(1)Where does Kate come from?________(2)How many words does Mr.Smith ask the students to write?________(3)Why did Kate call Mary?________(4)What did Kate write about in the end?________(5)What did Mr Smith think of Kate's story?________23. It's her family photo. (改为同义句)It's the________ ________ her family.三、完形填空(本题共计 2 小题,每题 5 分,共计10分)24.BLook at the p(1)________. It's a picture o(2)________a classroom. W(3)________can you see i(4)________the classroom? I can see a b(5)________desk in the front of the classroom. Some books areo(6)________ the desk. What other things can you see on the teacher's desk? I can see two whiteb(7)________. There is some chalk i(8)________them. Where a(9)________the brooms? They areb(10)________the door.(1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________(6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________25.Be pleased to do anything even though it is very tiny.In fact,there's no single thing that is not worth doing or you are not ab Make each day meaningful (有意义的)by helping someone or just making someone smile.The feeling which makes you want to help others (2)________ Face difficulties bravely in your life.(5)________may meet with difficulties.No one can avoid them.The difficulties can teach you a lot.They are your tre Focus on the good experiences you (7)________in the past few years.Be grateful to life.Don't think too much about t Never worry about the things you can't change.Worrying isn't useful.Worrying can (30)________change the situation not every effort(努力) will be completed.Never mind,and take it easy.Come on,everybody!Let's live a happy life with a light heart and enjoy the beautiful sunshine every day.根据短文内容选择最佳答案.(1)A.what B.how C.why(2)A.stay B.staying C.stays(3)A.are giving B.will give C.will be given(4)A.proud B.afraid C.tired(5)A.Somebody B.Nobody C.Everybody(6)A.failure B.success C.troubule(7)A.have had B.have C.has(8)A.are different from B.are fond of C.are similar to(9)A.always B.seldom C.never(10)A.not only;but also B.neither;nor C.either;or.四、阅读理解(本题共计 2 小题,每题 5 分,共计10分)26. When you borrow books from a library, you should return them so that others can read themlater.However, some libraries allow people not to return anything.Unlike most other libraries, these libraries don't lend books; they lend seeds(种子)!In a seed library, people can borrow and donate(捐赠) seeds. It is different from a seed bank which only keeps seeds.It advises people to plant and share seeds.Seeds in a seed library are often kept dry and cool in small packets. People can read the name of the plant on the packet.If you want to grow your own plants, such as potatoes or tomatoes, you can borrow seeds from a seed library.You can first choose the seeds you'd like to plant. Then, you can borrow the seeds and take them home. Some libraries also offer gardening books to teach you how to plant the seeds.Now, there's only a small group of seed libraries in the world, but the number is growing. People build these seed libraries want to protect plant diversity(多样性) and they want others to know more about plants and planting. They believe that protecting plant diversity is not only the job of scientists, but all of us.(1)What is the right order if you want to grow tomatoes with seeds from a seed library?________a. take the seeds back homeb. grow the tomato successfullyc. choose the tomato seeds in the library.d. return your tomato seeds to the library.A. a﹣b﹣d﹣cB. c﹣a﹣b﹣dC. a﹣c﹣b﹣dD. c﹣d﹣a﹣b.(2)From the passage we know seed libraries are built to________.A. produce the best seeds for farmersB. keep seeds in dry and cool placesC. protect as many kinds of plants as possibleD. help scientists with their researchers..(3)Where is the passage most probably from?________A. A notice boardB. A newspaperC. A story bookD. A guidebook.27. The London Eye is a huge Ferris wheel(摩天轮) in London. English people built it to celebrate (庆祝) the year 2000. It was opened on February 1st, 2000. It is 135 meters tall. When it was built, it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world. It is very popular with tourists(游客). In fact, it is the most popular paid(付费的) tourist attraction(景点) in London. More than 3.5 million(百万) people take a ride on it every year.If you take a ride on the London Eye, you will be able to see a lot of London. From the top you can see about 40 kilometers away. A ride on the London Eye takes about 30 minutes. It also doesn't stop when you get on and off. Don't worry because it doesn’t go very fast! There are 32 capsules(舱) to ride in, and about 800 people can take a ride at the same time. It might not be as old as other places in London, but it has already become an important London attraction.(1)Why did English people build the London Eye?A.To celebrate the year 2000.B.To make some money.C.To welcome foreign tourists.D.To make the city famous.(2)How many people visit the London Eye each year?A.More than 4.5 million.B.More than 3.5 million.C.More than 5.5 million.D.More than 2.5 million.(3)What can you do if you want to see a lot of London?A.Take a ride on a bus.B.Take a ride on a bike.C.Take a ride on a train.D.Take a ride on the London Eye.(4)Which of the following is true?A.You can only get on the London Eye when it stops.B.You can only get off the London Eye when it stops.C.The London Eye doesn't stop when you get on or off.D.The London Eye goes very fast after tourists get on it.(5)How many people does a capsule take?A.25.B.35.C.45.D.55.五、书面表达(本题共计 1 小题,共计5分)28. (5分)书面表达假如你是Jim. 你每天都做体育运动,并且喜欢收藏体育用品。
内蒙古呼和浩特市八年级英语上学期期中试题B卷人教新目标版

内蒙古呼和浩特市实验教育集团2016-2017学年八年级英语上学期期中试题(B卷)注意事项:1.本次考试分Ι卷和II卷两部分。
Ι卷为选择题,II卷为非选择题。
2.本次试题满分100分;考试时间100分钟。
3.答题前填写好自己的校区、年级、班级、姓名、考场号、考号、座位号等信息。
4.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题,共计70分)Ι. 单项选择(15分)1.He is _____ unusual writer. He can write _____ useful book.A. a; theB. a; aC. the; anD. an; a2. Remember this, my son. ______ careful you are, _______mistakes you will make.A. The more ; the lessB. The less ; the fewerC. The more ; the fewerD. The more ; the more3.-- do the childr en take art lessons ?--Three or four times a week.A. How longB. How many timesC. How soonD.How often4.There______ a basketball match tomorrow morning.A.hasB.is going to beC.is going to haveD.have5.Why ____ come and play basketball with us ?A. not youB. don’t youC. not toD. don’t to6.Please take out your notebook and ______ .A. write it downB. write down themC. write down itD. write down they7. _________ advice you gave me!A.What goodB. How goodC. What a goodD. How well8.It’s important _________ us _________ English well.A. of ; learningB. for ; to learnC. of ; to learnD. for ; learning9.His parents often tell him _________much time _______computer games.A. not to take; to playB. to spend ; to playC. don’t spend; playingD. not to spend; playing10.The teacher was very pleased_______ Tony’s answer.A. withB. onC. inD. for11.Today you look ___________ better.A. littleB. a littleC. lessD. very12.—Do you think yesterday’s math problem was difficult?— Yes. I could work it out.A.hardlyB. easilyC. finallyD. nearly13.That beautiful lady is one of the _____in the world.A. rich womanB. richest womanC. richest womenD. richer women14.Cycling isn’t _________ climbing, but both of them are interesting.A. as exciting asB. as more exciting asC. as e xcited asD. as more excited as15.—Excuse me, which is the way to the post office?—Sorry. I’m new here.—_____.A. Not at allB. Bad luckC. Thank you all the sameD. Thank youⅡ、完形填空(本题10分)Someone says, "Time is money. " But I think time is 16 important than money. Why?Because when money is spent we can get it back. However, when time is 17 , it'll never 18 , That is 19 we mustn't waste time.So we say that 20 is usually limited (有限的). Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do something 21 .But it is a pity that there are a lot of people, who do not know the importance of time. They spent their limited time smoking, drinking and 22 , They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own 23 .In a word, we should save time. We shouldn't 24 today's work for tomorrow. Remember we have no time to 25 .16.A. much B. less C. much less D. even more17.A. cost B. bought C. gone D. finished18.A. return B. carry C. take D. bring19.A. what B. that C. because D. why20.A. money B. time C. day D. food21.A. sunny B. interesting C. useful D. exciting22.A. reading B. writing C. playing D. working23.A. time B. food C. money D. life24.A. stop B. leave C. let D. give25.A. waste B. save C. spend D. takeШ、阅读理解(本题40分)AThe 30th Olympic Games was held from July 27th to August12th in 2012 in London,United Kingdom.London has hosted themodern Olympic Games three times in the history of OlympicGames.The Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway was put intooperation at the end of June,2011.The journey takes aboutfive hours.The train can reach speeds of up to 300kilometers an hour.The passenger volume(容量)is expectedto reach 160 million a year,marking a great step in China’sRailway development.The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup,aninternational association football tournament that willtake place in Brazil from June 13th to July 13th in2014.This will be the second time the country has hostedthe competition(竞赛),the first being the 1950 FIFA Worl dCup.Brazil will become the fifth country to have hosted theFIFA World Cup twice,after Mexico,Italy,France andGermany.It will be the first World Cup to be held in SouthAmerica since the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina.26. The 30th Olympic Games was held in______.A.ParisB.LondonC.BeijingD.France27. How many times did London host the modern Olympic Games?A.1B.2C.3D.428.The Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway was put into operation at the end of______,2011.A.JuneB.JulyC.AugustD.September29. The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be held in______.A.BrazilB.MexicoC.ItalyD.France30. Brazil hosted the competition for the first time in______.A.2014B.2011C.1978D.1950BLion was the King of the Jungle(灌木丛). One day, Giraffe told Lion, “Rabbit says he is the new King of the Jungle.”“What?” Lion was very angry. He went to meet Rabbit.The other animals followed him to see what he would do.“Rabbit,” said Lion, “Why do you say that you are the new King of the Jungle?”“Oh, but it’s true,” said Rabbit. “I’m faster and cleverer than you. We can have a competition(竞赛).”“All right,” said Lion.Rabbit took Lion to a deep ravine (深谷). He said, “If I fly down to the ravine faster than you, I am faster and cleverer than you. So I go, or you will go first?”“Of course I will go first,” said Lion, “I am the King of the Jungle!” He then threw himself into the deep ravine.Rabbit smiled and said to the other animals. “I am your new king now. I am faster and cleverer than Lion.”The other animals didn’t understand.“Lion was stupid! Anyone will die after jumping into the ravine!”31._______ told Loin that Rabbit was the new King of the Jungle.A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. MonkeyD. Turtle32.Lion felt ______ when he heard the news.A. interestedB. sadC. angryD. excited33.Rabbit took Lion to ________ to have the competition.A. a deep ravineB. a long riverC. a high mountainD. a big house34.According to the passage, what happened to Lion at last?A. He won the competition.B. He was still the King.C. He died.D. He ran away.35.What can’t we know from the story?A. Lion was stupid.B. Rabbit was clever.C. Rabbit became the King.D. Lion was friendly to other animals.CParents are the closest people to you in the world. They love you just because you’re you. And they would do anything for you.Like a lot of middle school students,Zhang Li has a problem. She and her parents don’t get on well. “I really want to be my daddy’s good girl. But it seems he just doesn’t understand. He talks to me but doesn’t listen to me,” said Zhang Li, a student from Grade Three.Do you and your parents also have problems?Well,why don’t you take a walk and have a walk on Saturday? May 15 is International Day of families(国际家庭日). On that day, people around the world give thanks for good things about families and work on family problems.A study last year showed that 1500 Beijing families had the same problem as Zhang’s family. The children,12 to 15 years old,didn’t like talking with their parents much. They weren’t happy at home. Of course,lots of other children feel that way. But you and your parents will be much happier if you can be friends.Here are some ways to have a good talk with your parents: find a good time to talk,like when you’re eating dinner,going out for a walk or watching TV. T ell them something you’re inte rested in,or ask them about their lives when they were young. They love to talk about that! Listen to them carefully,and look at them in the eyes. Be honest,your parents will trust you more. And a trusting family is a happy family.36. Zhang Li and her daddy don’t get on well because ___________.A. her daddy doesn’t talk to herB. her parents don’t love her.C. she doesn’t like her parentsD. they can’t understand each other37. The purpose(目的) of ________ is to let people in the world think more about families and family problems.A. the writer of the articleB. International Day of FamiliesC. the story of Zhang LiD. the study of Beijing families38. The problem discussed in the passage mostly happens to ___________.A. junior school studentsB. families in BeijingC. families in HebeiD. primary school students39. The underlined word “that” in the last paragraph means “____________”.A. going out for a walk or watching TVB. something your parents are interested inC. your parents’ lives in the pastD. some way to have a good look40. Which of the following is NOT a good way for kids to get closer to their families?A. Find a good time to talkB. Don’t talk to their parents.C. Listen to them carefullyD. Be honest to their parentsDMany people sleep late on Sunday morning, but others don’t. However, almost everyone reads the Sunday paper.The Sunday paper is usually thick(厚的). It has advertisements and many other different parts. The parents like the front page(版面),and the world news page. Many men also read the sports page.Most men don’t read women’s pages, but the mother of the family usually does. The women’s pages have the news about parties, food, health and clothes. Most Sunday papers have interesting stories. Children enjoy them. Old people read the death notices. They tell about people who died during the week.根据短文内容判断句子正误。
人教版八年级数学上册期中考试压轴题专题复习题(含答案)

人教版八年级数学上册期中考试压轴题专题复习题1、在△ABC中,AB=BC,△ABC≌△A1BC1,A1B交AC于点E,A1C1分别交AC、BC于D、F两点,观察并猜想线段EA1与FC有怎样的数量关系?并证明你的结论.2、两个大小不同的等腰直角三角形三角板如图1所示放置,图2是由它抽象出的几何图形,B,C,E在同一条直线上,连接DC.求证:(1)△ABE≌△ACD;(2)DC⊥BE.3、如图,在△ABC中,AD⊥BC,EF垂直平分AC,交AC于点F,交BC于点E,且BD=DE.(1)若∠C=40°,求∠BAD的度数;(2)若AC=5,DC=4,求△ABC的周长.4、如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,DE是过点A的直线,BD⊥DE于D,CE⊥DE于点E;(1)若B、C在DE的同侧(如图所示)且AD=CE.求证:AB⊥AC;(2)若B、C在DE的两侧(如图所示),其他条件不变,AB与AC仍垂直吗?若是请给出证明;若不是,请说明理由.5、如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∠A=40°,△ABC的外角∠CBD的平分线BE交AC的延长线于点E.(1)求∠CBE的度数;(2)过点D作DF∥BE,交AC的延长线于点F,求∠F的度数.6、如图,△ABC为等腰直角三角形,点D是边BC上一动点,以AD为直角边作等腰直角△ADE,分别过A、E点向BC边作垂线,垂足分别为F、G.连接BE.(1)证明:BG=FD;(2)求∠ABE的度数.7、如图,正方形ABCD的对角线交于点O,点E、F分别在AB、BC上(AE<BE),且∠EOF=90°,OE、DA的延长线交于点M,OF、AB的延长线交于点N,连接MN.(1)求证:OM=ON.(2)若正方形ABCD的边长为4,E为OM的中点,求MN的长.8、如图,△ABC中,AB=AC,∠BAC=90°,点D是直线AB上的一动点(不和A、B重合),BE⊥CD于E,交直线AC于F.(1)点D在边AB上时,证明:AB=FA+BD;(2)点D在AB的延长线或反向延长线上时,(1)中的结论是否成立?若不成立,请画出图形并直接写出正确结论.9、如图,△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC,将△ABC绕点C逆时针旋转角α.(0°<α<90°)得到△A1B1C1,连接BB1.设CB1交AB于D,A1B1分别交AB、AC于E、F.(1)在图中不再添加其它任何线段的情况下,请你找出一对全等的三角形,并加以说明(△ABC 与△A1B1C1全等除外);(2)当△BB1D是等腰三角形时,求α.10、CD经过∠BCA顶点C的一条直线,CA=CB.E,F分别是直线CD上两点,且∠BEC=∠CFA=∠α.(1)若直线CD经过∠BCA的内部,且E,F在射线CD上,请解决下面两个问题:①如图1,若∠BCA=90°,∠α=90°,则BE CF;(填“>”,“<”或“=”);EF,BE,AF三条线段的数量关系是:.②如图2,若0°<∠BCA<180°,请添加一个关于∠α与∠BCA关系的条件,使①中的两个结论仍然成立,并证明两个结论成立.(2)如图3,若直线CD经过∠BCA的外部,∠α=∠BCA,请提出EF,BE,AF三条线段数量关系的合理猜想并证明.11、在△ABC中,AB=AC,点D是直线BC上一点(不与B、C重合),以AD为一边在AD的右侧..作△ADE,使AD=AE,∠DAE=∠BAC,连接CE.(1)如图1,当点D在线段BC上,如果∠BAC=90º,则∠BCE= º.(2)设∠BAC=α,∠BCE=β.①如图2,当点D在线段BC上移动,则α、β之间有怎样的数量关系?请说明理由;②当点D在直线BC上移动,则α、β之间有怎样的数量关系?请画出图形,并直接写出你的结论.12、在△ABC中,∠C>∠B,AE平分∠BAC,F为射线AE上一点(不与点E重合),且FD⊥BC 于D;(1)如果点F与点A重合,且∠C=50°,∠B=30°,如图1,求∠EFD的度数;(2)如果点F在线段AE上(不与点A重合),如图2,问∠EFD与∠C﹣∠B有怎样的数量关系?并说明理由.(3)如果点F在△ABC外部,如图3,此时∠EFD与∠C﹣∠B的数量关系是否会发生变化?请说明理由.13、如图,△ABC是等边三角形,AB=6,P是AC边上一动点,由A向C运动(与A、C不重合),Q是CB延长线上一动点,与点P同时以相同的速度由B向CB延长线方向运动(Q不与B重合),过P作PE⊥AB于E,连接PQ交AB于D.(1)当∠BQD=30°时,求AP的长;(2)证明:在运动过程中,点D是线段PQ的中点;(3)当运动过程中线段ED的长是否发生变化?如果不变,求出线段ED的长;如果变化请说明理由.14、问题背景:如图1:在四边形ABC 中,AB=AD,∠BAD=120∘,∠B=∠ADC=90∘.E,F 分别是BC,CD 上的点。
人教版八年级数学上学期期中考试复习测试题(含答案)

人教版八年级数学上学期期中考试复习测试题(含答案)一、选择题(本大题共 8 小题,每小题 3 分,共 24 分)1.在以下绿色食品、回收、节能、节水四个标志中,是轴对称图形的是()A. B. C. D.2.下列四组线段中,可以构成直角三角形的是()A.4,5,6 B.2,3,4 C.5,12,13 D.6,7,83.到△ABC的三边距离相等的点是△ABC的()A.三边中线的交点 B.三条角平分线的交点 C.三边上高的交点 D.三边垂直平分线的交点4.如图,一棵大树在一次强台风中于离地面10m处折断倒下,倒下部分的树梢到树的距离为24m,则这棵大树折断处到树顶的长度是()A.10m B.15m C.26m D.30m5.如图,△ABC中,EF是AB的垂直平分线,与AB交于点D,BF=6,CF=2,则AC的长度为()A.6 B.7 C.8 D.9(第4题)(第5题)(第6题)(第7题)6.如图,已知∠ABC=∠DCB,AC、BD交于点E,添加以下条件,不能判定△ABC≌△DCB的是()A.AB=DC B.BE=CE C.AC=DB D.∠A=∠D7.如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∠B=30°,AD平分∠BAC,E是AD中点,若BD=9,则CE的长为()A.3 B.3.5 C.4 D.4.58.在如图所示的3×3网格中,△ABC是格点三角形(即顶点恰好是网格线的交点),则与△ABC有一条公共边且全等(不含△ABC)的所有格点三角形的个数是()A.4个B.3个C.2个D.1个二、填空题(本大题共 10 小题,每小题 3 分,共 30 分)9.已知图中的两个三角形全等,则∠α的度数是°.10.如图,已知△ABC≌△ADE,若AB=7,AC=3,则BE的值为.(第9题)(第10题)(第13题)(第14题)11.已知一个等腰三角形的两边分别为5和10,则它的周长为.12.若一直角三角形两直角边长分别为6和8,则斜边长为.13.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,D为BC中点,∠BAD=35°,则∠B的度数为°. 14.如图,直线m∥n,以直线m上的点A为圆心,适当长为半径画弧,分别交直线m、n于点B,C,连接AB,BC.若∠1=40°,则∠ABC=°.15.如图,以直角△ABC的三边向外作正方形,其面积分别为S1,S2,S3,且S1=4,S2=8,则S3= .(第15题)(第16题)(第17题)(第18题)16.如图,在△ABC中,ED∥BC,∠ABC和∠ACB的平分线分别交ED于点G、F,若BE=3,CD=4,ED=5,则FG的长为.17.如图,AD是△ABC的角平分线,DE⊥AB,垂足为E,S△ABC=7,DE=2,AB=4,则AC长是.18.如图,在△ABC中,OA=4,OB=3,C点与A点关于直线OB对称,动点P、Q分别在线段AC、AB上(点P不与点A、C重合),满足∠BPQ=∠BAO.当△PQB为等腰三角形时,OP的长度是.三、解答题(本大题共 10 小题,共 96 分)19.(8分)如图,已知点B、E、C、F在一条直线上,且AB=DF,BE=CF,∠B=∠F.求证:△ABC≌△DFE.20.(8分)如图,△ABC中,DE,FG分别为AB、AC的垂直平分线,E、G分别为垂足,若△DAF的周长为16,求BC的长.21. (8分)如图,在8×8的正方形网格中,每个小正方形的边长都是1,已知△ABC的三个顶点均在格点上.(1)画出△ABC关于直线l对称的△A1B1C1;(2)在直线l上找一点P,使PA+PB的长最短;(3)△A1B1C1的面积为________.22.(8分)如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,D是BC的中点,DE⊥AB于点E,DF⊥AC于点F.(1)求证:DE=DF;(2)如果S△A BC=14,AC=7,求DE的长.23.(10分)如图,在笔直的公路AB旁有一座山,为方便运输货物现要从公路AB上的D处开凿隧道修通一条公路到C处,已知点C与公路上的停靠站A的距离为15km,与公路上另一停靠站B的距离为20km,停靠站A、B之间的距离为25km,且CD⊥AB.(1)求修建的公路CD的长;(2)若公路CD修通后,一辆货车从C处经过D点到B处的路程是多少?24.(10分)如图,△ABC中,D是BC延长线上一点,满足CD=AB,过点C作CE∥AB且CE=BC,连接DE并延长,分别交AC、AB于点F、G.(1)求证:△ABC≌△DCE;(2)若∠B=50°,∠D=22°,求∠AFG的度数.25. (10分)如图,在四边形ABCD中,∠BAD=∠BCD=90°,点E、F分别是BD和AC的中点,连接EF.(1)求证:EF⊥AC;(2)若BD=26,EF=5,求AC的长.26.(10分)如图,在等腰△ABC中,AB=AC,BC=5.点D为AC上一点,且BD=4,CD=3.(1)求证:BD⊥AC;(2)求AB的长.27. (12分)在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC,D是直线AB上一点(点D不与点A、B重合),连接DC并延长到E,使得CE=CD,过点E作EF⊥直线BC,交直线BC 于点F.(1)如图1,当点D为线段AB的上任意一点时,用等式表示线段EF、CF、AC的数量关系,并说明理由;(2)如图2,当点D为线段BA的延长线上一点时,依题意补全图2;(3)在(2)的条件下猜想线段EF、CF、AC的数量关系是否发生改变,若不变,请说明理由;若改变,写出它们的数量关系,并加以证明.28. (12分)如图,在等边△ABC中,AB=9cm,点P从点C出发沿CB边向点B点以2cm/s的速度移动,点Q从B点出发沿BA边向A点以5cm/s速度移动.P、Q两点同时出发,它们移动的时间为t秒钟.(1)请用t的代数式表示BP和BQ的长度:BP=,BQ=.(2)若点Q在到达点A后继续沿三角形的边长向点C移动,同时点P也在继续移动,请问在点Q从点A到点C的运动过程中,t为何值时,直线PQ把△ABC的周长分成4:5两部分?(3)若P、Q两点都按顺时针方向沿△ABC三边运动,请问在它们第一次相遇前,t为何值时,点P、Q能与△ABC的一个顶点构成等边三角形?直接写出答案。
新人教版2013年八年级上数学期中考试模拟试题(B)

D BC八年级上数学期中考试模拟试题(B )年级 班 姓名:一、选择题:(3′×12=36′)1.如图所示,图中不是轴对称图形的是( )A B C D 2. 已知A ,B 两点的坐标分别是(﹣2,3)和(2,3),则下面四个结论:①A ,B 关于x 轴对称;②A ,B 关于y 轴对称;③A ,B 关于原点对称;④A ,B 之间距离为4,其中正确的有( )A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个3.三角形中,到三边距离相等的点是( )A.三条高线的交点B.三条中线的交点C .三条角平分线的交点D .三边垂直平分线的交点。
4. 某同学把一块三角形的玻璃打碎了3块,现在要到玻璃店去 配一块完全一样的玻璃,那么最省事的方法是( )A .带①去B .带②去C .带③去D .带①②③去5. 如图,线段AD 把△ABC 分为面积相等的两部分,则线段AD 是(A 、三角形的角平分线 B 、三角形的中线 C 、三角形的高 D 、以上都不对6. 装饰大世界出售下列形状的地砖:正方形;长方形;正五边形;正六边形。
若只选购其中某一种地砖镶嵌地面,可供选用的地砖共有( )A. 1种B. 2种C. 3种D. 4种7. 适合条件C B A ∠=∠=∠21的三角形是( )A 、锐角三角形B 、等边三角形C 、钝角三角形D 、直角三角形8. 过多边形的一个顶点的所有对角线把多边形分成8个三角形,这个多边形的边数是( )A 、8B 、9C 、10D 、119. 以长为13cm 、10cm 、5cm 、7cm 的四条线段中的三条线段为边,可以画出三角形的个数是( )A 、1个B 、2个C 、3个D 、4个10. 具备下列条件的三角形ABC 中,不为直角三角形的是( )A 、∠A+∠B=∠CB 、∠A=∠B=12∠CC 、∠A=90°-∠BD 、∠A-∠B=90°11. 如图:AB=AD ,AE 平分∠BAD ,则图中有( )对全等三角形。
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八年级上中期复习题B(A 卷)一、选择题1.下列各数是无理数的是( ) A .722B .38C .32D .0.414414414²²²² 2.三角形的三边长c b a ,,满足()bc a b c 222+=+,则这个三角形是( ) A.等边三角形; B.钝角三角形; C.直角三角形; D.锐角三角形.3. 下列计算正确的是( )A .235=- B .()ππ-=-332C .5315= D.1535=⨯4.分析下列说法:①实数与数轴上的点一一对应;②2a -没有平方根;③任何实数的立方根有且只有一个;④平方根与立方根相同的数是0和1. 其中正确的有( )A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个5.如图1,直线l 过正方形ABCD 的顶点B ,点A 、C 到直线l 的距离分别为1和2,则正方形的边长是( )A.2 B.3 D 6.己知,如图1-8,在Rt△ABC 中,∠C=90︒,以Rt△ABC 的三边为斜边分别向外作三个等腰直角三角形,其中∠H、∠E、∠F 是直角,若斜边AB=3,则图中阴影部分的面积为( )A .1B .2C .92D7. 一直角三角形的斜边长比直角边长大2,另一直角边长为6,则斜边长为( )(A )4 (B )8 (C )10 (D )128. 下列各数中,属于无理数的是( )A 、16B 、31 C 、12 D 、1415926.39. 下列计算结果正确的是( )A 、636±= B 、6.3)6.3(2-=- C 、2)3(3-=- D 、3355-=- 10.如图,已知矩形ABCD 中,BD 是对角线,∠ABD=30°,将ΔABD 沿BD 折叠,使点A落在E 处,则∠CDE=( )A 、30°B 、60°C 、45°D 、75°11.( )A .3B .3-C .3±D . 9 12.下列说法中,正确的有( )①无限小数都是无理数; ②无理数都是无限小数;③带根号的数都是无理数;④-2是4的一个平方根。
A.①③ B.①②③ C.③④D.②④13.下列各组数分别为一个三角形三边的长,其中能构成直角三角形的一组是( )lFEDCBA图1A .1,2,3 B. 2,3,4 C. 3,4,5 D. 4,5,6 14. a 是b 的一个平方根,则b 的平方根是( ) A.a B.-a C.±aD.a 215. 如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,E 是AB 延长线上的一点,若60A ∠=,则1∠的度数为( )A .120 B .60 C .45 D .3016.如图,数轴上与1、2两个实数对应的点分别为A 、B ,点C 与点B 关于点A 对称(即AB=AC ),则点C 表示的数是( )A 、22-B 、12-C 、21-D 、222-17.如果03)4(2=-+-+y x y x ,那么y x -2的值为( ) (A )-3 (B )3 (C )-1 (D )1 18.下列各组数值是二元一次方程43=-y x 的解的是( )(A )⎩⎨⎧-==11y x (B )⎩⎨⎧==12y x (C )⎩⎨⎧-=-=21y x (D )⎩⎨⎧-==14y x19.早餐店里,李明妈妈买了5个馒头,3个包子,老板少要1元,只要10元;王红爸爸买了8个馒头,6个包子,老板九折优惠,只要18元.若馒头每个x 元,包子每个y 元,则所列二元一次方程组正确的是( ) A.⎩⎨⎧⨯=++=+9.0186811035y x y x B .⎩⎨⎧÷=++=+9.0186811035y x y x C .⎩⎨⎧⨯=+-=+9.0186811035y x y x D.⎩⎨⎧÷=+-=+9.0186811035y x y x二、填空题1.16的算术平方根是 , 己知b 为实数,那么()b b ++-21=2.比较大小:(填“>”或“<”或“=”)53;213- 21.3、已知实数a 、b 满足()018222=+-+-a b a ,那么(b a -)的立方根是 , 4.已知,△ABC 中,AD ⊥BC 于D ,AB=5,AC=BD=4,则BC=________5.在Rt △ABC 中,∠C=90°,若a=5,b=12,则c=____;6.36的平方根是 ;-8的立方根是 。
7.化简:2748-= ;2712⨯= 。
8. 如图2,在矩形ABCD 中,两条对角线AC 、BD 相交于点O ,AB =OA =4,则AD =.9.已知甲乙两人从同一地点出发,甲往东走了4km ,乙往南走了3km ,这时甲乙俩人相距 。
14.一圆柱高8cm ,底面半径2cm ,一只蚂蚁从点A 爬到点B 处吃食,要爬行的最短路程(π取3)是_________. 15.一个正方体物体沿斜坡向下滑动,其截面如图所示。
正方形DEFH 的边长为2米,坡角∠A =30°,∠B =90°,BC=6米。
当正方形DEFH 运动到使DC 2=AE 2+BC 2时,则AE = 米。
图2ODCBA三.解答下列各题 1.计算:(1)18315.012+-- (2))278(183⨯÷(3))62()8213316(-⨯-- (4)20102009)2323-+()((5)22009)31(211)1(2-+---+(6)⎛÷ ⎝2. 化简下列各式①②③ ④32218-+3解方程(组)(1)⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-==-+136)1(2y x y x (2)9()24112=-+x (3) 解方程组:⎩⎨⎧=-=+113032y x y x (4) 解方程组:⎩⎨⎧+=++=--+yx y x y x y x 3153)(43)(3)(23.如图,CA ⊥AB ,AB=8,BC=10,DC=2,AD=24,求四边形ABCD 的面积。
4. 已知x-1的平方根是±3,2x+y+7的立方根是2,求 7-x-y 的平方根。
5.已知y =1-x -41+-x ,求y x 2的值.6. 如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AD BC ∥,AB AC ⊥,45B ∠=,ADBC =,求DC 的长.ABCD7.如图正方形ABCD 中对角线AC 、BD 相交于O ,E 为AC 上一点,AG ⊥EB 交EB 于G ,AG 交BD 于F 。
求证:OE=OF.(共5分)ABC DOE F G8.如图所示,缉毒警方在基地B 处获知有贩毒分子分别在P 岛和M 岛进行毒品交易后,缉毒艇立即出发,已知甲艇沿北偏东60︒方向以每小时36海里的速度前进,乙艇沿南偏东30︒方向以每小时32海里的速度前进,半小时后甲到M 岛,乙到P 岛,则M 岛与P 岛之间的距离是多少?(结果保留根号)9.如图,AB ⊥BC,DC ⊥BC,垂足分别为B 、C,设AB=4,DC=1,BC=4. (共7分) (1) 求线段AD 的长.(2) 在线段BC 上是否存在点P,使△APD 是等腰三角形,若存在,求出线段BP 的长;若不存在,请说明理由.(12分)已知:如图,直线1l 与y 轴交点坐标为(0,-1),直线2l 与x 轴交点坐标为(3,10、0),两直线交点为P (1,1),解答下面问题: (1)求出直线1l 的解析式;(2)请列出一个二元一次方程组,要求能够根据图象所提供的信息条件直接得到该方程组的解为11x y =⎧⎨=⎩; (3)当x 为何值时,1l 、2l 表示的两个一次函数的函数值都大于0?BB 卷 一、填空题:1.⑴20112011)23(·)23(+-=____ ⑵若xx --42在实数范围内有意义,则x 的取值范围是).3(32--x x 中自变量x 的取值范围是 。
822).4(+-+-=x x y 已知,则xy 的平方根是 。
(5)当x 满足______的条件时,x1-在实数范围内有意义。
2.(1)化简aa a a 13---+--=_ (2)若代数式22)4()2(-+-a a 的值是常数2,则a 的取值范围是 .3. 如图所示,一个梯子AB 长2.5米,顶端A 靠墙AC 上,这时梯子下端B 与墙角C 距离为1.5米,梯子滑动后停在DE 的位置上,测得BD 长为0.5米,则梯子顶端A 下落了 米5. 已知E 是正方形ABCD 的一边AB 上任一点,AC 与BD 是正方形ABCD 的对角线EG ⊥BD 于G ,EF ⊥AC 于F ,AC=10厘米,则EF +EG= . 6. 如图,四边形ABCD 为正方形,AB 为边向正方形外作等边三角形ABE .CE 与DB 相交于点F ,则∠AFD=________度.7. a 、b 为实数,且421025+=-+-b a a ,则=a ,=b 。
8. 在ΔABC 中,若AB=30,AC=26,BC 上的高为24,则此三角形的周长为 。
9. 如图,△ABC 绕点B 逆时针方向旋转到△EBD 的位置,若∠A=150,∠C=100,E ,B ,C 在同一直线上,则∠ABC=________,旋转角度是__________。
10.观察下列各式===请你将猜想到的规律用含自然数(1)n n ≥的代数式表示出来是 .11. 则y+z= ______ .,:已知⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++==27z y x 3:2z :y 2:1y x□A 11 1 1 1 1 1A A AA AAS S SS SSO二、解答题:1、细心观察图形,认真分析各式,然后解答问题:22122312,13,14,S S S +==+==+== (1)用含n (n 是正整数)的等式表示上述变化规律; (2分) (2)推算出OA 10的长;(2分)(3)求出222212310S S S S ++++的值.(4分)2.如图,C 为线段BD 上一动点,分别过点B 、D 作AB⊥BD,ED⊥BD,连接AC 、EC .已知AB=5,DE=1,BD=8,设CD= x . (1)用含x 的代数式表示AC+CE的长;(3分)(2)请问点C 满足什么条件时,AC+CE 的值最小,求出这个最小值;(3分) (3)根据(2)中的规律和结论,构图求出代数式()912422+-++x x 的最小值.(4分)3.⑴如图所示折叠长方形的一边AD ,点D 落在BC 边的点F 处,已知AB =12cm , BC =13cm,求EC 的长。
⑵已知120122011+=-+-x x x ,求22012-x 的值;(3)2223223+-++=y 已知;()()()()92121212121222008200722-++----+++-=x。