实用的英文文体
实用的英文文体
精选文档你我共享目前翻译市场的实质需求主假如适用文体的三个方面科技、生产类；经济贸易类；出国文件类。
此中以科技生产类与经济贸易类需求量为最大。
以英语为主，以笔译为主。
1.什么是英语适用文体？全部语类的语篇能够归纳为两大类：(1)适用文体，（2）文学文体。
文学语篇的职能是利用语言给人以乐趣和美的享受。
而适用文体是“直接以传达信息或服务的语篇种类”（张德禄，1998：297）。
英语语体的分类美国语言学家马丁·朱斯(MartinJoos)，提出了以下有名的五种语体:隆重体(frozenstyle)、正式体（formalstyle）、商洽体（consultativestyle）、任意体（casual style）、亲近体（intimatestyle）的理论。
3.英语适用文体的正式性表现(1)屡次使用术语（技术词）、半术语（半技术词）；(2)广泛使用正式程度高的一般词；( 3)大批使用名词与名词化构造；(4)大批使用长句与扩展的简单句；(5)使用被动语态；(6)靠构造进行语篇的谋篇布局与连接等。
Definition(定义)[任意一种]Stylisticsisabranchoflinguisticswhichappliesthetheoryandmethodolog yofmodernlinguisticstothestudyofSTYLE.---QianYuanSTYLEasrhetoric--Gorgias。
asform--Aristotle。
wordsinproperplaces–Swiftasthehighestachievementofliterature---Murry。
therightthinginthemosteffectiveway---Enkvistasashellsurroundingapre-existingcoreofthoughtorexpressive ness---Enkvist7.Styleasexpressiveness---Ullman。
四级三种文体作文万能模板
四级三种文体作文万能模板英文回答：Narrative Essay。
Introduction:Start with a hook to grab the reader's attention.Provide background information and introduce the main characters.Body Paragraphs:Use chronological order to recount the events of the story.Include vivid descriptions and sensory details.Show character development and conflict.Conclusion:Summarise the main events of the story.Offer a reflection on the meaning or lessons learned.Descriptive Essay。
Introduction:Start with a vivid description of the subject.Engage the reader's senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste).Use figurative language and specific details.Body Paragraphs:Organise the description logically (e.g., from general to specific or from outside to inside).Provide detailed observations and analysis.Use comparisons and contrasts to highlight characteristics.Conclusion:Summarise the most striking features of the subject.Offer a personal reflection or interpretation.Argumentative Essay。
中考英语写作文体介绍
中考英语写作文体介绍As one of the most important subjects in the middle school entrance examination, English writing has always been a concern for students and parents. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the writing skills and methods of English writing.Firstly, before writing, we need to understand thetopic and requirements of the composition. We should read the topic carefully, grasp the main points, and understand the specific requirements of the composition, such as the writing format, the number of words, and the focus of the composition.Secondly, we need to make a plan before writing. We can make a mind map or an outline to help us organize our thoughts and ideas. We should also consider the main points of the composition and the order of the paragraphs. This can help us to write more clearly and logically.Thirdly, we need to pay attention to the language and grammar of the composition. We should use appropriate words and expressions, and avoid making grammatical mistakes. We can also use some idioms or phrases to make our composition more interesting and attractive.Finally, we need to revise and edit our composition after writing. We should check the spelling, punctuation, and grammar mistakes, and make sure that the composition is coherent and logical. We can also ask our teachers or classmates to give us some suggestions and feedback to improve our writing skills.In conclusion, English writing is not only a test of language proficiency, but also a test of logical thinking and expression ability. Therefore, we should pay attention to the topic and requirements, make a plan, use appropriate language and grammar, and revise and edit our composition after writing. With these skills and methods, we can improve our English writing and achieve better results in the middle school entrance examination.。
英语书信格式-英文预约信
英语书信格式英文预约信1. 文体介绍这类预约e-mail 比较容易写，只要做到清楚、简洁、礼貌就行。
它一般包括下列内容：（1）请求约会并说明原因。
（2）建议确切的约会时间和地点等。
如果你的时间比较充裕，预约时可给出你可接受的时间由对方决定。
（3）请对方答复并进行确认。
回复这类电子邮件可分为接受和拒绝两种。
接受的内容一般有：表明来信收悉；表示接受；重述具体时间、地点等；表达希望会晤或感谢的心情。
拒绝的内容一般包括：表明来信收悉；说明拒绝的原因；致歉。
当要变更预约时，应说明变更的原因，同时致歉。
2. 实用范例(1) Subject: Request for an AppointmentDear Mr. Smith:I am scheduled to visit the US on business at the end of this month, and wish to call on you at your office on thatoccasion.I will be arriving in Washington on or around August 20 and staying there for about a week. It would be very much appreciated if you would kindly arrange to meet with me either on August 22 or 23, whichever is convenient for you. If neither is convenient, could you please suggest an alternative date by return e-mail.Thank you in advance for your kind cooperation. I am looking forward to meeting you in Washington soon!Sincerely yours,Li LeiGuangzhou Trading Company。
实用文体翻译合同的翻译Pragmatic Translation
• It has been agreed that Party B may use the trademarks owned by Party A for the sale of the Washing Machines covered herein within the validity. • An agreement has been made that Party B may use the trademarks owned by Party A for the sale of the Washing Machines covered herein within the validity.
Agreement
• THIS AGREEMENT is made the 7th day of October（month）, 2009 （ ） (year) between A (hereinafter called "The Company") of the part and B (hereinafter called "The Manager") of the other part. • 第一部分：称为 第一部分：称为parties, 主要介绍合同 , 各方的姓名或名称，及各自在合同的简称。 各方的姓名或名称，及各自在合同的简称。 开头框架一般为： 开头框架一般为： • 句子开头 句子开头THIS AGREEMENT或 或 CONTRACT和当事人的姓名和名称，都 和当事人的姓名和名称， 和当事人的姓名和名称 应大写。 应大写。
• The both parties fulfilling the contract satisfactorily will be the basis for the development of business and further cooperation. • The satisfactory fulfillment of the contract by both parties will be the basis for the development of business and fur2ther cooperation.
英文文章体裁 五种
英文文章体裁五种五种英文文章体裁是叙述性文章、说明性文章、议论性文章、描写性文章和应用性文章。
1. 叙述性文章:叙述性文章是一种以讲述故事或经历为主要内容的文字作品。
它通常包含一个引人入胜的开头，一个有趣的情节发展和一个令人满意的结尾。
这种文章常用于小说、回忆录、故事书等文学作品中。
例如：Title: A Memorable Adventure in the Amazon Rainforest Once upon a time, I embarked on an unforgettable journey to the Amazon Rainforest. The lush green canopy, the exotic wildlife, and the vibrant indigenous communities all contributed to an experience of a lifetime. From encountering a rare species of monkeys to navigating the treacherous river currents, every moment in the Amazon was filled with excitement and wonder. As I bid farewell tothis enchanting paradise, I couldn't help but feel grateful for the memories that would forever be etched in my heart.2. 说明性文章:说明性文章旨在解释、描述或讲解一个特定的主题或概念。
它通常提供有关某种事物的基本信息，如定义、特点、原理或步骤。
这种文章常用于科普文章、学术论文、说明书等。
例如：Title: The Benefits of Regular ExerciseRegular exercise has numerous benefits for both physical and mental health. It increases cardiovascular fitness, strengthens muscles, and improves flexibility. Exercise also releases endorphins, which are known as'feel-good' hormones, promoting a sense of well-being and reducing stress levels. Furthermore, engaging in regular physical activity can help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. By incorporating exercise into our daily routines, we can enhance ouroverall quality of life.3. 议论性文章:议论性文章旨在陈述作者的观点，并通过有力的论据和证据来支持该观点。
英语书信格式及范文10篇
英语书信格式及范文10篇书信是日常生活中广泛应用的一种文体。
它是一种特殊的实用文体。
那么你知道英语书信的格式是怎么样的吗？今天小编在这给大家整理了英语书信格式及范文10篇，接下来随着小编一起来看看吧！英文书信的格式：1、信头：指发信人的地址和日期。
写在信纸的右上角，可以从靠近信纸的中央写起。
信头上面要留空白。
先写发信人地址。
地址的写法与汉语不同，要先写小地方，后写大地方。
在地址的下面写上日期。
日期的顺序是：月、日、年，或者：日、月、年。
在年份之前有一个逗号。
2、称呼：指对收信人的称呼。
写在信头之下，从信纸的左边开始。
3、信的正文：指信的主体部分。
从称呼的下一行第一段顶边写。
从第二段起每段第一个词都缩进3或5个字母写。
4、结束语：指正文下面的结尾客套话。
一般从信纸的中央靠右写起，第一个字母大写，末尾用一逗号。
5、签名：指发信人签名。
写在结束语的下面，稍偏右。
另外，英文信封写法与汉语的不同。
一般把收信人的地址写在信封的中央或偏右下角。
第一行写姓名，下面写地址。
发信人的姓名和地址写在信封的左上角，也可以写在信的背面。
英语书信范文1求助信【写作要求】假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。
七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛 (speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。
请根据以下要点给T om写一封电子邮件：1.询问Tom的生活和学习情况；2.谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙；3.告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。
注意:1.词数:120—150；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【优秀范文】Dear Tom，How is it going these days? I keep wondering how you feel about your school life in Beijing. Have you got used to the life in China? Are you enjoying your life? I hope you are.Let me tell you a piece of good news: I’m going to take part in an English speech contest of middle school students in July in the coming summer vacation. So I’m busy preparing for it. But now I have some difficulty in collecting useful information and using proper English word to express my thoughts. Besides, I really want to improve my spoken English, especially the pronunciation and intonation（语调）. Of course, as a native English speaker, you can give me some suggestions.In addition, I’m going to visit you after the contest. I’m sure we will have a wonderful time together in Beijing! I can hardly wait to see you! I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua英语书信范文2建议信【写作要求】假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见．请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：1．说明你是该报的忠实读者2．赞赏该报优点：1)兼顾国内外新闻 2)介绍名人成功故事3．提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章注意：1．词数100左右，开头语己为你写好；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
发英文邮件的格式范文3篇_英语邮件这样写
发英文邮件的格式范文3篇_英语邮件这样写发英文邮件的格式英文电子邮件的基本要素是主题、称谓、正文、结尾用语及署名。
电子邮件最重要的部分是主题，假设我们都是很忙的人，在打开邮箱阅读邮件时，第一眼看到的就是邮件的主题。
所以，主题应当做到言简意赅并突出邮件重要性。
英文邮件的主题需要注意不超过35个字母，将位于句首的单词和专有名词首字母大写。
比如：Some questions about C++.在比较正式的格式中，需要把每个单词的首字母大写(介词、冠词除外)。
称谓如果是第一次给对方写信，那么称谓最好用“Dear+全名”，这样会让人感觉比较正式。
如果对方以非正式口吻来信，我们也可以类似非正式地回复。
比如：“Hello/Hi Lillian”。
在实际通信中可能遇到不知道对方姓名，可以用“Dear+对方头衔”，如“Dear President”，或者“Dear+Sir/Madam”形式。
英国人习惯在称呼后加“，”，美国人习惯在称谓后加“：”，有时也可以不加任何标点，是具体情况而定。
在书写正文时，把最重要的事情写在正文最前面或者邮件内容较长时写在第一段。
为了让收件人阅读邮件比较舒服，我们需要注意邮件正文结构的美感，邮件段落最好控制在两三段之内。
如果一封电子邮件涉及多个信息点，我们可以采用分条目的方法，如符号、小标题、编号来使得邮件想要表达的内容层次清晰。
邮件内容应注意单词的拼写、大小写、标点、语法等。
所谓以小见大。
结尾语在正文之后添加。
注意一般结尾语中只有第一个单词首字母大写而剩余单词都小写，此处与称呼不同。
一般电子邮件：Sincerely,Sincerely yours,私人电子邮件：Regards,Best wishes,Best regards,With best wishes,Wish best regards,Yours,Cheers,As ever,With love,Affectionately,......在正文最后需要署名，可以写全名，也可以只写名字。
实用文体翻译二求职信
实用文体翻译二求职信Subject: Application for the Position of XXXDear Hiring Manager,I am writing to express my interest in the position of XXX that was advertised on your company's website. With a strong background in XXX and a passion for XXX, I am confident that I would be a valuable asset to your team.I graduated from XXX University with a degree in XXX, where I developed a solid foundation in XXX knowledge and skills. During my time at university, I also had the opportunity to participate in XXX projects, which allowed me to further enhance my XXX abilities.In addition to my academic qualifications, I have also gained practical experience through internships at XXX companies. These experiences have equipped me with the necessary skills to handle XXX tasks and responsibilities effectively.One of my key strengths is my ability to XXX. In my previous roles, I was responsible for XXX, where I successfully XXX. I believe that my ability to XXX will enable me to contribute positively to your team.I am particularly drawn to this position at your company because XXX. I am confident that my skills and experience make me a strong candidate for this role, and I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your team.Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my skills and experiences align with the requirements of the position. Please feel free to contact me at XXX or via email at XXX to schedule a convenient time for an interview.Sincerely,XXX。
英语常见写作文体
英语常见写作文体英文，When it comes to common types of writing in English, there are several that come to mind. One of the most common is the narrative essay, where you tell a storyor recount an experience. For example, I recently wrote a narrative essay about my trip to Japan, where I detailedall the amazing experiences I had and the sights I saw.Another common type of writing is the argumentative essay, where you present a point of view and provide evidence to support it. I remember writing an argumentative essay on the topic of climate change, where I had to research and present data to back up my argument.Additionally, there are informative essays, which aimto educate the reader on a specific topic. I once wrote an informative essay on the history of the Great Wall of China, where I delved into the construction and significance ofthis iconic landmark.In addition to these, there are also descriptive essays, where you paint a vivid picture with words, and persuasive essays, where you try to convince the reader to take a certain action or adopt a particular viewpoint.中文，说到英语常见的写作类型，有几种常见的类型。
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当前翻译市场的实际需求主要是实用文体的三个方面1. 科技、生产类；2. 经济贸易类；3. 出国文件类。
其中以科技生产类与经济贸易类需求量为最大。
以英语为主，以笔译为主。
1.什么是英语实用文体？所有语类的语篇可以归结为两大类：(1) 实用文体，（2）文学文体。
文学语篇的职能是利用语言给人以乐趣和美的享受。
而实用文体是“直接以传递信息或服务的语篇类型”（张德禄，1998：297）。
2. 英语语体的分类美国语言学家马丁·朱斯(Martin Joos) ，提出了以下著名的五种语体:庄重体(frozen style) 、正式体（formal style）、商洽体（consultative style）、随意体（casual style）、亲密体（intimate style）的理论。
3.英语实用文体的正式性表现(1)频繁使用术语（技术词）、半术语（半技术词）；(2)普遍使用正式程度高的普通词；(3)大量使用名词与名词化结构；(4)大量使用长句与扩展的简单句；(5)使用被动语态；(6)靠结构进行语篇的谋篇布局与衔接等。
Definition(定义) [任意一种]Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which applies the theory and methodology of modern linguistics to the study of STYLE. --- Qian YuanSTYLE1.Style as rhetoric --Gorgias。
2.Style as form -- Aristotle。
3.Proper words in proper places –Swift4.S tyle as the highest achievement of literature --- Murry。
5.Saying the right thing in the most effective way --- Enkvist6.Style as a shell surrounding a pre-existing core of thought or expressiveness --- Enkvist7. Style as expressiveness --- Ullman。
8. S tyle as those relations among linguistic entities that are statable in term of wider spans of text than the sentence --- Enkvist9. Style as equivalence --- Jakobson and Levi-S trauss 10. Style as function --- The Prague Shool 11. Style as foregrounding --- Mukarovsky 12. S tyle as transformation --- Ohmann 13. Style as deviation --- Spitzer 14. S tyle as the choice between alternative expressions --- Enkvist 15. Style as meaning potential --- Halliday分析:难以给style 下一个确切完整的定义。
界定者所依据的理论基础:传统语言学理论; 结构主义语言学理论; 系统功能语言学理论。
界定者的目的:(1)为研究文体服务; (2) 为研究语体服务; (3) 为研究文学风格服务; (4) 对三者都具有指导意义文体学的方法论基础是语言科学语言学理论对文体观的直接影响：“风格即结构的对等”是结构主义的，强调文体成分之间的关系；“风格即语言结构的转换”是转换生成语法理论的，强调语言结构通过在不同层次间的转换所起的文体作用；“风格即意义潜势”是系统功能语言学的，注重语言的社会性所具有的文体效果。
文体学运用语言学的方法分析语言形式的文体作用语言形式：语音、语相、词汇、句子、语篇等。
MEMOA memo is a short form of the Latin word memorandum. T oday it is employed as a kind of communication form inside a company or group, in one word, for inner circulation. Generally speaking there are four types of memo:1) Sent to upper management 2) Sent to divisions affiliated 3) Sent to all the staff4) Sent to colleagues in or outside one’s own department·1. a note from one person or office to another within the same firm or organization [公司或机构内部的] 便笺，便条2. a note of something to be remembered 备忘录·1.一种外交文书，声明自己方对某种问题的立场，或把某些事项的概况(包括必须注意的名称、数字等)通知对方 2.随时记载，帮助记忆的笔记本Diplomatic document that states one’s standpoint on an issue, or informs the other party of the general situation of certain matters (such as names or figures that require attention).Memo book; notebook in which to keep a record for quick referenceWhat a memo is like?·The right layout of a memo is made of four lines and a body text.·The four lines are To Line (indicating who reads the memo), From Line (indicating who writes the memo), Subject Line (indicating what the topic is for the memo), and Date Line (dicating when the memo is written).·The body text …信函社交信函亦称礼节性书信。
按功能与内容分类：祝贺、慰问、感谢、介绍、吊唁、邀请、道歉、询问和通知等等。
新闻文体1.新闻文体：狭义的新闻文体指的是新闻报道(news-reporting) ，广义的则涉及报刊杂志上登载的各类文章。
新闻中使用的语体种类比较丰富多样，各种体裁都有各自独特之处，但新闻刊物作为大众传媒的一种，其文章的写作目的与手法大体一致，即“用尽可能有趣的方式将一定的事实展现出来语言特点：因其自身特点和传播功能而在语言运用上形成了个性鲜明的特点：用词新颖，精巧别致；句式多样，富于弹性；巧用时态，不拘呼应；频用被动语态，重点突出；善用修辞，讲究效果。
2.句式多样，富有弹性有倒装句，有省略形式，有借助副词、动语变化的句式等。
形式多样，变化无常的句式使新闻语言生动活泼，趣味盎然。
3. 巧用时态，不拘呼应时态的运用在新闻文体中有其独特之处，在标题中尤为突出。
为生动简短起见，标题中常用一般现在时，不定式和现在分词分别表示过去、将来或正在进行的动作。
用一般现在时表达已发生的动作，目的是为了增强报道的直接感和同时感。
4. 被动语态，频频出现被动语态在新闻报道中的使用频率高于其他文体。
这是因为新闻报道中有时动作接受者比执行者更为重要。
如有关灾难、战争、骚乱、事故等报道中，伤亡人数往往是读者关心的中心5. 善用修辞，讲究效果新闻文体除了注重事实确凿，表达清晰外，还讲究语言的美感和韵味。
因此常借助修辞手段来增加新闻的可读性和吸引力。
常用的有：比喻、借喻、夸张、双关、成语、典故、叠词、押韵等等。
On News LeadLead (新闻报道等)首段，导语；头版新闻报道What is news lead?A news lead usually summarizes the information in the body of the article.导语通常概括一下正文里的消息。
合同合同：两方面或几方面在办理某事时，为了确定各自的权利和义务而订立的共同遵守的条文。
(《现代汉语》)contract: a formal written agreement, having the force of law, between two or more peopleor groups (Longman)A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish, change or terminate their civil relationship. 合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议。
(《中华人民共和国民法通则》第85条)Contracts referred to in this Law are agreements between equal natural persons, legal persons and other organizations for the purpose of establishing, altering and terminating mutual civil rights and obligations. 合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。
(《中华人民共和国合同法》第2条)合同的文体特征(1)复合词汇：从用词范围来看，英语合同的用词属普通词汇及文学词汇，即标准英语的范畴。
在文学词汇中，最具特色的是由where, there 与in, by, with, after 等构成复合词汇，而仅用于合同及法律文体中。