英语语法之疑问句学生版本

英语语法之疑问句
一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。

它是指用yes（是）或no（否）来回答的句子。

其结构是：
系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分
通常回答为：
肯定：Yes，+主语+提问的助动词.
否定：No，+主语+提问的助动词+not.
如:
Are you from Japan﹖
Yes I am． / No I'm not．
Is her sister doing her homework now﹖
Yes she is． / No she isn't．
Does he work in a bank﹖
Yes he does． / No he doesn't．
Do you live near your school﹖
Yes I do． / No I don't．
Can you speak French﹖
Yes I can． / No I can't．
May I go home now﹖
Yes you may． / No you mustn't．
1．将陈述句变为一般疑问句时，如句中有be 动词（am/ is/ are）时，可直接将它们提至主语前。

如主语为第一人称，应将其改为第二人称。

如：I'm in Class 2Grade 1．→
Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖
We're watching TV．→
Are you watching TV﹖
2．陈述句中有情态动词（can may must …）时，也可直接将它们提至主语前，即可成为一般疑问句。

如：
He can swim now．→
Can he swim now﹖
The children may come with us．→ May the children com e with us﹖
3．陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时，变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。

如：
I like these animals．→
Do you like these animals﹖
She wants to go to the movies．→ Does she want to go to the movies﹖
4．一般疑问句一般读升调(↑)
5．一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。

如：
Are they in town now﹖
I think so.
May I sit here﹖
Certainly．
Does he like soccer﹖
Sorry I don't know．
6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。

二、特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。

常用的疑问词有：what（什么）， who（谁）， whose（谁的）， which（哪个），when（何时）， where（哪里）， how（怎样）， why（为何）等。

特殊疑问句有两种语序：
1．如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语序：疑问词（+主语）+谓语动词+其他成分？如：who is singing in the room﹖
whose bike is broken﹖
2．如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：疑问词+一般疑问句语序？如：
what class are you in﹖
What does she look like﹖
Where are you from﹖
What time does he get up every morning﹖
How do you know﹖
注意：
1．回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes / no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。

括号内是完整回答所需部分。

如：
Who is from Canada﹖
Helen (is from Canada)．
Where's the restaurant﹖
(It is)Near the station．
Why do you like koalas﹖
(I like koalas)Because they are cute．
2．特殊疑问句的种类：
问人：who（谁） who is that girl？
问物主：whose（谁的） whose book is this？
问选择的事物：which（哪个） which pen do you like best, the red one or the blue one?
问无选择的事物：what（什么） What is your name?
问地点：where（哪里） Where are you from?
问原因：why (为什么) Why are you crying?
问方式：how(怎样) How do you come to school?
问一般时间：when（什么时候） When will you go to Beijing ?
问具体时间：What time is it?
问可数数量：How many days in a week?
问不可数数量： How much meat do you want? How much is it?
问距离：How far is the hospital?
问长度：How long is your ruler?
问颜色：what color is your pen?
英语语法之英语时态的用法
一般现在时
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。

再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

一般过去时
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
将来时
1) will I will go to school tomorrow.
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.。