初中英语语法知识名词与冠词
初中英语语法知识： 名词与冠词
1.a 用在辅音因素开头的单数可数名词前；an用于元音因素开头的单数可数名词前。
2.表示乘坐交通工具时，注意by 后不带冠词，on 或in 后面可以加冠词或其他限定词。如：by bike ,on his /a bike
3.某些短语中有无定冠词the表达的意义不同。例如：be in hospital 住院,be in the
hospital在医院。go to school 无上学,go to the school 去学校。
4.“the +形容词”表示一类人the old =the old people ,the rich =rich people .
5.“the +姓氏的复数”表示一家人。The Browns ：Brown 一家人
6.加the的情况
①序数词和形容词最高级前
②方位乐器前
③江河湖泊海洋等名词前
④next ,last , same , only 等此前
⑤第一无二的天体名词前
⑥由普通名词构成的转悠名词前
请在下列横线中填入适当的冠词。
1.___ old man behind Mary is ___ university teacher.
2.Are you good at playing ____ basketball or playing ___ piano?
3._____ youngest leader in China is ___ man called Lu Hao .
4.How do you go to __ work?
I usually take ___ bus .
5.What ___ useful dictionary !And ____ dictionary was bought in Tianhe Bookstore.
6.He is ___ university student and he comes from ____ island in England .
7.-Have you seen the key to ___ car ?
-I think ___ key is on the desk .
8.-How far is it from our school to ___ seaside?
-It is ___ eight – kilometer walk from here .
9.I have got ___ bad headache all day ,so I think I’ll go to bed early .
10.If you go by ___ train ,you can have quite a comfortable trip ,but make sure you get
__ fast one .
11.She has been in ___hospital for three days .We go to ___ hospital to see her every
day .
12.There is ____ book on the shelf .Would you please get ___book for me ?
13.Learning ____ country’s language is a better way of knowing ____culture behind it .
14.I hope we can fly to ___moon one day .
7.数词加名词作定语时，有两种表达。例如：a ten minutes’ drive = a ten-minute drive
8.“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合词时，中间的名词用单数。
a ten-meter-long bridge / a ten meters long bridge
Small practice
1.-How deep is the hole ?
-It is _________(四米深).
2.-How far is your school from your home ?
-About ___________(二十分钟的走路路程).
3.Each of us has to write a _______ report every two weeks .
A.two-hundred-word B.two-hundreds-word
C.two-hundreds-words D.two-hundred-words
4.There is ____ 800-meter long road behind ____ hospital.
9. 名词分可数名词与不可数名词 。可数名词有单数和复数，不可数名词没有单数和复数。写出下列单数可数名词的复数：
①desk
②watch bus box brush
③baby monkey
④leaf knife
⑤potato tomato photo zoo piano
⑥foot tooth goose
⑦man woman policeman
⑧Chinese Japanese sheep fish
⑨Child mouse
10.容易出错的不可数名词有：advice ,fun , information ,music , news , weather ,work
1. My mother bought some_____ for my birthday party yesterday.
A.apple B.banana C.orange D.meat
2. - Oh，there isn't enough_____ for us in the lift.
- No hurry.Let's wait for the next.
A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
3.- I've got a little_____ in my house.
- Why not keep two or more?
A.juice B.mice C.bread D.fish
4.The sweetest_____ in the world is birds' singing, I think.
A.cry B.noise C.voice D.sound
5.They have much coloured_____.Let's go and ask for some.
A.rules B.paper C.erasers D.sharpeners
6. - what's your favorite_____?
- Oranges.
A.color B.fruit C.juice D.vegetable
7.- Would you like some_____?
- No, thank you.I'm not hungry at all.
A.tea
B.water C.bread D.coffee
8.Mr Smith always has _____ to tell us.
A.some good pieces of news
B.some pieces of good news
C.some good piece of newes
D.some piece of good news
9.Please pass us _____.
A.two glass of milk B.two glass of milks
C.two glasses of milks D.two glasses of milk
10.These Germans want to have some _____ or supper，so they decide to catch_____now.
A.fish；many B.fishes；much
C.fish；muchD.fishes；many
11. man 和woman 作定语修饰复数名词时用复数形式，boy和girl作定语修饰复数名词时用单数形式。如：men teachers ,girl students .
12. 名词所有格中的“of+短语”主要用于无生命的东西 a leg of a table
双重或多重所有格则多用于有生命的东西。 a photo of my brother’s
6.表示词组内并列名词的共同所有关系，只需在并列的最后的名词后加-‘s，如果表示各自的所有关系，则需在每个并列名词后加-‘s。如Jim and Tom’s room (共同所有的) Jim’s
and Tom’s room（各自所有的）
13. sound ,voice and noise
名词 含义 区别
Sound 泛指声音 人或物发出的声响
Voice 嗓音 一般指人说话，唱歌笑时发出的声音或人的嗓音
noise 声音噪音 指人们发出的嘈杂声，喧叫声等不协调的声音
Please don’t make any _____, the baby is asllep.
There is no _____ coming from TV.
Alice has a beautiful _____.She sings best in the school.
Small practice
1.How many _____ are there in the international village ?
A. Germen B. Frenchmans C. Chinese D. Amercian
2.-What did you see just now ?
-I saw two ____ doctors _____ out of the house .
A. woman; come B. woman ;came
C. women ; coming D. women ;to come
3. The ____ of the room were covered with ____. A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves 4. There are three ____ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 5. Which do you prefer ____ or ____? A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes 6. We know ____ travels not so fast as light. A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound 7. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
初中英语名词冠词代词练习
1 1– What can I do for you?
I’d like two _______.
A.box of apple B. boxes of apples
C. box of apples D. boxes of apple
2.Help yourself to _________.
A.some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken
3.________ it is today!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather
4.Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factory B. shoes factory
C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’factory
5.This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D.
studying
6.We will have a _________ holiday after the exam.
A. two month B. two-month C. two month’s D. two-months
7.________ trees are cut down in the forests every year.
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
8.Our sports meeting will be held ________.
高考英语一轮语法知识 名词和冠词
专题一 名词和冠词
（一）名词
1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加
s。 friend 朋友→friends
nation 国家→nations
(2) 词尾是 s，x，ch，sh 时一般加es。 知识点一 名词的数
interest 兴趣→interests
change 变化→changes
member 成员→members
painting 油画→paintings
bus 公共汽车→buses fox 狐狸→foxes coach 教练→coaches bush 灌木丛→bushes
注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加 s。
(3) 词尾是辅音字母＋y 时，变 y 为 i 再加 es。
enemy 敌人→enemies hobby 业余爱好→hobbies difficulty 困难→difficulties
词尾是元音字母＋y 时，直接加 s。
guy 家伙→guys key 钥匙→keys
(4) 词尾是f 或fe 时，多将 f 或fe 变为 ves。
shelf 架子→shelves knife 刀子→knives wolf 狼→wolves calf 牛犊→calves
housewife 家庭主妇→housewives
(5) 词尾是 o 的名词，有些直接加s，有些加 es。
piano 钢琴→pianos
photo 相片→photos zoo 动物园→zoos
bamboo 竹子→bamboos tomato 番茄→tomatoes
potato 土豆→potatoes
实录：名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语，但不能作谓语。记法：规则变化
18
18 专题一 名词和冠词 第 1 页（共 8 页）
小学数学资料群：271730239，小学奥数群：221739457，中考数学群：579251397，初中奥数学生群:253736211，初中奥数教练群112464128，中考物理群：227284641，初中物理竞赛群：271751304，中考化学 18 专题一 名词和冠词 第 2 页（共 8 页）
英语语法---名词、代词和冠词
英语语法---冠词
冠词基本用法
【速记口诀】
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，
可数名词单，须用a或an，
辅音前用a， an在元音前，
若为特指时，则须用定冠，
复数不可数，泛指the不见，
碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】
冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。
英语语法---名词
(一） 可数名词的复数构成
A. 规则变化
1. 单词后加S 2. 单词后加ES(以CH等结尾的单词)
3. 以F或FE结尾，变为VE加S
B. 不规则变化
1. 单复同形
deer sheep fish Chinese Japanese means
2. 只有复数形式
people police cattl clothes trousers, glasses
3. 不规则变化
man---- men woman---- women foot ----- feet tooth-----teeth
mouse ------mice child-----children German------Germans
4. 复合名词的复数
1) 将后一部分变成复数
Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen grown-up----grown-ups
2) 将主要成分变成复数
looker-on----lookers-on son-in-law----sons-in-law
3) 如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数
初中英语语法知识—冠词的专项训练及答案(1)
一、选择题
1．My dear friend, your attitude today has ________ important effects on your success
tomorrow. Come on, please.
A．a B．an C．/
2．I bought useful dictionary yesterday. dictionary is very cheap.
A．a; A B．a; The C．an; The
3．Ciqikou is _______ famous place in Chongqing.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
4．—Who is ____ girl behind the tree ? —Which one ? The one with ______ umbrella ?
A．a; the B．an; an C．the; a D．the; an
5．Going to ______ high school for one year in Britain was quite ______ exciting experience for
me.
A．不填; an B．a; a C．不填; 不填 D．the; a
6．I like ___ color of your sweater. I’ll buy ____ skirt like this color.
A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; the
7．The film Avengers: Infinity War (复仇者联盟3：无限战争) is so exciting that I want to watch
it _______ second time.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
8．— Did you watch the movie Amazing China?
高三英语 语法知识名词代词和冠词
领兑市安插阳光实验学校高三英语 语法知识：名词、代词和冠词
1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。名词在句子中可以作主语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，语，名数词连用可以做状语。在使用名词时，要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词，以便于正确使用表示不确数量的语。
如：a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
而：many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens
of, a couple of 只能用在可数名词之前，much, a great deal of, a little,
little, a great amount of 只能用在不可数名词之前。
2. 冠词：
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的意义。冠词有不冠词和冠词两种。a (an)是不冠词，an用在元音发音开始的词语前。如：an hour,
an
English book。the 是冠词。
1）不冠词：
不冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。关于它的用法，用四个字概括，“每、一、类、某”。
①表示“每日”、“每周”……
Please take this medicine three times a day. ②表示某一种人或物中的一个。
All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.
③表示某一类人或物。
It is an easy task for an elephant.
④表示“某一个”，但仍译为“一个”、“有个”。
One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.
2）冠词的用法：
2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识：名词与冠词
1 第12讲 名词与冠词
1．—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full，definitely.(2016·江苏，24)
A．recipe B．record
C．range D．receipt
答案 A
解析 句意为：——您能告诉我们您幸福与长寿的秘诀吗？——确切地说，就是充实地过好每一天。根据答语可知，此处问的是幸福与长寿的秘诀。recipe秘诀，诀窍，符合句意。record记录；range范围；receipt收据。
2．The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight.
(2016·天津，10)
A．effect B．sense
C．change D．chance
答案 D
解析 句意为：天气预报说多云，今天夜间下雨的可能性不大。chance意为“可能性”，符合语境。effect结果，效应；sense感觉，理解力；change变化，改变。
3．________ prize for the winner of the competition is ________ two-week holiday in
Paris.(2016·浙江，2)
A．The；/ B．A；/
C．A；the D．The；a
答案 D
解析 句意为：这次比赛给获胜者的奖励是在巴黎度假两周。第一个空格表示对比赛获胜者的奖励，是特指，故用the。第二个空格泛指一次为期两周的假期，用不定冠词a。故选D项。
4．Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015·江苏，32)
初中英语语法知识—冠词的知识点总复习
一、选择题
1．My dear friend, your attitude today has ________ important effects on your success
tomorrow. Come on, please.
A．a B．an C．/
2．（2017 • 江苏省东台市实验中学九年级第三次模拟考试）—Mum, why apples again? I
can’t stand any longer.
—Daring, apples are good for you. __________ apple a day keeps the doctor away, you know.
A．The B．A C．An D．/
3．Ciqikou is _______ famous place in Chongqing.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
4．—Who is ____ girl behind the tree ? —Which one ? The one with ______ umbrella ?
A．a; the B．an; an C．the; a D．the; an
5．Going to ______ high school for one year in Britain was quite ______ exciting experience for
me.
A．不填; an B．a; a C．不填; 不填 D．the; a
6．---What is your cousin like?
--Well, my cousin is ______ 11-year-old boy with shirt black hair. He is also very funny and he
likes telling _____ jokes.
A．a; the B．the; 不填 C．不填； the D．an; 不填
英语语法知识专题讲练：名词和冠词
葵语辨练 责编 闽 蒡 ｍｉｎｆａｎｇ０１８＠１６３．ｃｏｒｎ 英语语法知识专题讲练：名词和冠词 。肖兰珍 名词常见考点： 考点一：对同义词、近义词的考查 １．（皖南八校２０１１届第一次联考试题）一Ｙｏｕｒ ｇｒａｎｄｆａｔｈｅｒ ｉｓ ａｌｗａｙｓ ｆｕ１１ ｏｆ ．Ｗｈａｔ’Ｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｃｒｅｔ？ 一Ｐ１ａｙｉｎｇ Ｔａｉｊｉ ｅｖｅｒｙ ｍｏｒｎｉｎｇ． Ａ．ｔａｓｔｅ Ｂ．ｅｎｅｒｇｙ Ｃ．ｒｅｌｉｅｆ Ｄ．ｃｒｅｄｉｔ 【答案与解析】Ｂ。ｔａｓｔｅ￣道，鉴赏力；ｅｎｅｒｇｙ￥ｉｌ力，活 力；ｒｅｌｉｅｆ￣轻，救济；ｃｒｅｄｉｔｆｆ￥用，信誉。ｆｕｌｌ ｏｆ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ精力 充沛。 【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，要尽 可能地多翻阅英语词典．注意并比较它／ｆ］的基本义，用 英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。 考点二：对相似词的考查 ２．Ａｌｗａｙｓ ｒｅａｄ ｔｈｅＯｔｌ ｔｈｅ ｂｏｔｔｌｅ ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ ａｎｄ ｔａｋｅ ｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ ａｍｏｕｎｔ ｏｆ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ． Ａ．ｅｘｐｌａｎａｔｉｏｎｓ Ｂ．ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｃ．ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ Ｄ．ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ 【答案与解析】Ｂ。选项中的各词都是以ｔｉｏｎｓ￣后 缀．而且ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ和ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ读音也相似，四个单 词的含义也相似。本句的意思是“必须仔细阅读药瓶上 的说明，按量服用”。 考点三：易错的新版教材名词固定搭配 作为对新版教材的体现．新版教材里的一些新出 现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的考查 ３＿…一ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔ，ｌａｓｔ ｗｅｅｋ’Ｓ ｍｉｎｉｓｔｅｒｉａｌ ｍｅｅｔ— ｉｎｇ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ＷＴＯ ｈｅｒｅ ｅａｒｎｅｄ ａ ｌｏｗ，ｔｈｏｕｇｈ ｎｏｔ ｆａｉｌｉｎ￣， ｇｒａｄｅ． Ａ．Ｉｎ ｔｅｒｍｓ ｏｆ Ｂ．Ｉｎ ｃａｓｅ ｏｆ Ｃ．Ａｓ ａ ｒｅｓｕｌｔ ｏｆ Ｄ．Ｉｎ ｆａｃｅ ｏｆ 【答案与解析】Ａ。语境为：就成绩而言，上周ＷＴＯ 在这里的部长级会议得分不高．尽管还不至于不及格。 Ｉｎｔｅｒｍｓ ｏｆ表“关于、至于”，符合题意。 ４．Ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｓｉｔｔｉｎｇ ｏｎ ｍｙ ｈａｔ ａｎｄ ｎｏｗ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｂａｄｌｙ ｏｕｔ ｏｆ——一————一． Ａ．ｄａｔｅ Ｂ．ｓｈａｐｅ Ｃ．ｏｒｄｅｒ Ｄ．ｂａｌａｎｃｅ 【答案与解析】Ｂ。ｏｕｔ ｏｆ ｓｈａｐｅ“变形”；ｏｕｔ ｏｆ ｄａｔｅ“过 时”：ｏｕｔ ｏｆ ｏｒｄｅｒ“混乱”；ｏｕｔ ｏｆｂａｌａｎｃｅ“失衡”。 【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注 意收集和整理．尤其要加强对新出现的固定搭配的记 忆和分类汇总．． 考点四：考查单词基本义的引申和拓展 近年来．常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时 出现．给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。 ５．Ｔｏ ｍａｋｅ ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ ｏｆ ａ ｔｅａｍ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｉｎ— ｅｒ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｏｆ ａｌｌ ｈａｓ ｔｏ ｋｎｏｗ ｔｈｅｉｒａｎｄ ｗｅａｋｎｅｓｓｅｓ． Ａ．ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｓ Ｂ．ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ Ｃ．ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ Ｄ．ｖａｌｕｅｓ 【答案与解析】Ａ。Ｂ项表“利益、好处”，不合题意。 而Ａ项除表体力外．还可引申为可数名词ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ ｐｒｏ— ｖｉｄｉｎｇ ｆｏｒｃｅ ｏｒ ｐｏｗｅｒ０￣点、强项，符合语境。 冠词易错点睛： １．Ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｔｈｉｎｇ ａｂｏｕｔ ｃｏｔｔｏｎ ｉｎｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ｉｓ————一ｐａｒｔ ｔｈａｔ ｉｔ ｐｌａｙｅｄ ｉｎ Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌ Ｒｅｖｏｌｕ— ｔｉｏｎ． Ａ． ｜ Ｂ．ｔｈｅ；｜ Ｃ．ｔｈｅ；ｔｈｅ Ｄ．ａ；ｔｈｅ 【纠错心得】Ｄ。分清其后名词在语境中是泛指还 是特指是答题的关键。本题ｐａｎ意思是“作用”，特指工 业革命时期所起的作用，是特指。普通名词构成的只有 名词前用ｔｈｅ． 【对症下药】Ｃ ２．Ｏｎｅ ｗａｙ ｔｏ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ ｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓ ｏｆ ｎｅｗ ｗｏｒｄｓ ｉｓ ｔｏ ｇａｉｎ——————————ｇｏｏｄ ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ ｏｆ ｂａｓｉｃ ｗｏｒｄ ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ． 【高中生之友２０１１ ｇ．
初中英语名词、代词、冠词
名词
一、分类
1. 专有名词：表示个人、机构、组织、地方、国家等的专有名称，首字母一般大写。
Alice, WTO= World Trade Organization世界贸易组织, Africa, Oxford University
2. 集体名词：a. 表示整体作单数，表示各个成员作复数。
family 家庭；家人 class 班级；班级同学
b. 有些集体名词通常多作复数。 people, police
c. 有些集体名词通常作不可数。 furniture, jewelry, luggage, traffic
3. a. 一般不可数名词前常使用“ a……of ”短语。
a cup of tea一杯茶 a bowl of rice一碗米饭 a piece of news一条新闻
b. 有些名词通常是不可数名词，但在一定情况下可以转化为可数名词。
glass玻璃 --- a glass一个玻璃杯
beauty美 --- a beauty一个美人，一件美的事物
pleasure愉快 --- a pleasure一件令人感到愉悦的事
help帮助 --- a help一个有帮助的人或事
二、名词的单复数
1. 规则变化
2. 不规则变化
①常见名词的不规则复数形式
man- men男子 woman- women 妇女 foot- feet 脚 tooth- -teeth 牙齿
mouse- -mice 老鼠 child- children儿童 gentleman- gentlemen 先生
注意:German的复数形式是Germans而不是Germen。
②单复数同形的名词
主要有以下几种情况: 某些动物的名称，如:sheep绵羊, deer鹿;
初中英语语法中名词、冠词、数词、代词等的用法
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
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情况 构成方法 读音 例词
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一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps
2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags
读 /z/; car-cars
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以s,sh,ch,
x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
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以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等结尾
的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
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以辅音字母+y 变y 为i
结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
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1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：
如： two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays