生理学英文专业词汇
人卫版生理学常考专业词汇(中英文对照)-上
人卫版生理学常考专业词汇（中英文对照）-上生理学physiology内环境internal environment稳态homeostasis神经调节neuroregulation体液调节humoral regulation反射reflex旁分泌paracrine自身调节autoregulation负反馈negative regualation正反馈positive regulation前馈feed-forward单纯扩散simple diffusion异化扩散facilitated diffusion原发性主动转运rimary active transport继发性主动转运secondary active transport膜泡运输vesicular transport出胞exocytosis入胞endocytosis吞噬phagocytosis吞饮pinocytosis信号转导signal transduction静息电位resting potential极化polarization动作电位action potential阈强度threshold intensity兴奋性excitability绝对不应期absolute refractory period相对不应期relative refractory period超常期supranormal period低常期subnormal period电紧张电位electrotonic potential局部兴奋local excitation终板电位endplate potential肌节sarcomere肌丝滑行理论myofilament sliding theory肌球蛋白myosin肌动蛋白actin肌钙蛋白troponin兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contraction coupling 前负荷preload后负荷afterload血液blood血浆plasma造血hemopoiesis血细胞比容hematocrit晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure血红蛋白hemoglobin可塑变形性platic deformation悬浮稳定性suspension stability渗透脆性osmotic fragility促红细胞生成素erythropoietin血小板生成素thrombopoietin血液凝固blood coagulation凝血因子coagulation factor内源性凝血途径intrinstic pathway外源性凝血途径extrinsic pathway血型blood group交叉配血试验cross-match test心动周期cardiac cycle心音heart sound搏出量stroke volume射血分数ejection fraction心输出量cardiac output心指数cardiac index心力储备cardiac reserve心室功能曲线ventricular function curve 异长自身调节heterometric autoregulation 心室顺应性ventricular compliance等长调节hemometric regulation自律细胞autorhythmic cell有效不应期effective refractory period期前收缩premature excitation代偿间歇compensatory pause房室延搁atrioventricular delay窦性节律sinus rhythm抢先占领capture超速驱动压抑overdrive suppression血压blood pressure微循环microcirculaltion迂回通路circuitous channel直捷通路thoroughfare channel动静脉短路arterio-venous shunt滤过filtration重吸收reabsorption有效滤过压effective filtration pressure心血管中枢cardiovascular center压力感受器baroreceptor肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统renin-angiotension-aldosterone system 冠脉循环coronary circulation肺循环pulmonary circulation血-脑脊液屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier血脑屏障blood-brain barrier外呼吸external respiration内呼吸internal respiration腹式呼吸abdominal breathing胸式呼吸thoracic breathing胸膜腔pleural cavity肺泡表面张力surface tension肺表面活性物质plumonary surfactant气道阻力airway resistance肺容积pulmonary volume肺容量pulmonary capacity肺通气量pulmonary ventilation生理无效腔physiological dead space 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio 肺扩散容量diffusion capacity of lung 氧容量oxygen capacity of Hb氧含量oxygen content of Hb氧饱和度oxygen saturation of Hb 氧解离曲线oxygen dissociation curve 波尔效应Bohr effect何尔登效应Haldane effect化学感受器chemoreceptor肺牵张反射pulmonary stretch reflex 消化digestion吸收absorption慢波slow wave肠神经系统enteric nervous system。
431专业英语词汇
431专业英语词汇专业英语词汇在不同领域中有着不同的特点和用法。
以下是一些常见的专业英语词汇，涵盖了不同领域的词汇：1. 医学领域，anatomy（解剖学）、physiology（生理学）、pharmacy（药房）、diagnosis（诊断）、treatment（治疗）、surgery（手术）、vaccine（疫苗）、symptom（症状）、prescription（处方）等。
2. 工程领域，mechanical engineering（机械工程）、civil engineering（土木工程）、electrical engineering（电气工程）、computer engineering（计算机工程）、structural analysis（结构分析）、project management（项目管理）、quality control（质量控制）等。
3. 商业领域，marketing（市场营销）、finance（金融）、accounting（会计）、management（管理）、advertising（广告）、investment（投资）、entrepreneurship（创业精神）、business administration（工商管理）等。
4. 教育领域，pedagogy（教育学）、curriculum（课程设置）、instruction（教学）、assessment（评估）、classroom management（课堂管理）、educational psychology（教育心理学）、special education（特殊教育）等。
5. 科学领域，biology（生物学）、chemistry（化学）、physics（物理学）、astronomy（天文学）、geology（地质学）、environmental science（环境科学）、research（研究）、experiment（实验）等。
生理学名词解释
生理学名词解释1.生理学Physiology：是研究生物体及其各组成部分正常功能活动规律的一门学科。
2.内环境internalenvironment：围绕在多细胞机体中细胞周围的体液，即细胞外液。
3.稳态homeostasis：内环境中的各种理化因素保持相对稳定状态，泛指体内细胞和分子水平、器官和系统水平到整体水平的各种生理功能活动在神经和体液等因素调节下保持相对稳定的状态。
4.体液调节humoralregulation：多细胞生物体内某些特殊的化学物质通过体液途径而影响生理功能的一种调节方式。
5.自身调节 auto regulation：指组织和细胞不依赖于神经或体液因素，自身对环境刺激发生的一种适应性反应。
6.正反馈positivefeedback：在体内控制系统中，受控部分发出的反馈信息促进与加强控制部分的活动，最终使受控部分的活动朝着与它原先活动相同的方向改变。
7.负反馈negativefeedback：在体内控制系统中，受控部分发出的反馈信息调整控制部分的活动，最终使受控部分的活动朝着与它原先活动相反的方向改变。
8.前馈feed-forward：控制部分在反馈信息尚未到达前已受到纠正信息（前馈信息）的影响，及时纠正其指令可能出现的偏差。
9.阈电位thresholdpotential：指能触发动作电位的膜电位临界值。
一般比静息电位小10-20mv。
10.出胞exocytosis：指胞质内的大分子物质以分泌囊泡的形式排出细胞的过程。
11.入胞endocytosis：指细胞外大分子物质或物质团块被细胞膜包裹后以囊泡的形式进入细胞的过程，也称内化。
12.第二信使secondmessenger：指激素、神经递质、细胞因子等细胞外信号分子（第一信使）作用于膜受体后产生的细胞内信号分子。
13.兴奋性excitability：指机体的组织或细胞接受刺激后发生反应的能力或特性，它是生命活动的基本特征之一。
生理学词汇中英对照
生理学词汇中英对照生理学是生物科学的一个分支，是以生物机体的生命活动现象和机体各个组成部分的功能为研究对象的一门学科。
接下来为大家整理了生理学词汇中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!fibrinolysis 纤溶blood 血，血液blood cell 血细胞blood clot 血凝块blood coagulation 血液凝固blood flow 血流量blood group 血型blood pressure 血压blood transfusion 输血body surface area 体表面积body temperature 体温Bohr effect 玻尔效应bradykinin 缓激肽physiology 生理学absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption 吸收，吸收作用action potential 动作电位activation 激活，活化active reabsorption 主动重吸收active transport 主动运输，主动转运acute experiment 急性实验adaptation 适应adequate stimulus 适宜刺激adrenergic 肾上腺能的adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素受体afterload 后负荷afterpotential 后电位agglutination of erythrocyte 红细胞凝集agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原airway resistance 气道阻力albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白aldosterone 醛固酮alveolar capillary membrane 肺泡-毛细血管膜alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔，肺泡无效腔alveolar fluid 肺泡液体anabolism 同化作用，合成代谢anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔或死腔androgen 雄激素angiotensin 血管紧张素anticoagulation 抗凝antidiuresis 抗利尿aortic body 主动脉体apneustic breathing 长吸式呼吸arch of aorta 主动脉弓arterial pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉?arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous shunt 动静脉短路artificial respiration 人工呼吸atrial systole 心房收缩atrioventricular bundle 房室束audition 听力auditory threshold 听阈automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律automaticity 自律性autonomic nervous system 植物性神经系统，自主神经系autonomic thermoregulation 自主性体温调节autoregulation 自身调节axoplasm 轴浆，轴质baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射basal metabolism 基础代谢behavioral thermoregulation 行为性体温调节bidirectional propagation 双向传导bioelectricity 生物电biphasic action potential 双相动作电位bleeding time 出血时间erythropoietin 红细胞生成素，促红素intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压，胸内压intraspindle muscle 梭内肌intrinsic pathway 内源性途径iodine pump 碘泵ionic channel 离子通道mass peristalsis 集团蠕动maximal acid output 最大胃酸排出量maximum diastolic potential 最大舒张电位maximum repolarizing potential 最大复极电位mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压membrane potential 跨膜电位，膜电位metarteriole 后微动脉minute respiratory volume 每分钟通气量motor unit 运动单位myocardial contractility 心肌收缩性negative chronotropic action 负性变时效应negative dromotropic action 负性变传导效应negative inotropic action 负变力效应oxygen capacity 血氧容量oxygen content 血氧含量oxygen dissociation curve 氧离曲线oxygenation 氧合oxyhemoglobin saturation 血氧饱和度pacemaker 起搏器pacemaker current 起搏电流paracrine 旁分泌passive reabsorption 被动重吸收passive transport 被动运输，被动转运patch clamp 膜片钳pepsin 胃蛋白酶peripheral resistance 外周阻力peristalsis 蠕动permeability 磁导率，通透性permissive action 允许作用photosensory cell 感光细胞physiology 生理学pinocytosis 胞饮作用plasma clearance 血浆清除率plasmin 纤溶酶plasminogen 纤溶酶原，纤维蛋白溶酶原plastic deformation of erythrocyte 红细胞可塑性变形plateau 平台期platelet plug 血小板栓子polarization 极化positive chronotropic action 正性变时效应positive dromotropic action 正性变传导效应positive feedback 正反馈positive inotropic action 正性变力效应preload 前负荷premature systole 期前收缩presynaptic inhibition 突触前抑制primary hemostatic response 初级止血反应proprioceptors 本体感受器prothrombin 凝血酶原pulmonary diffusion capacity 肺扩散容量pulmonary exchange 肺换气pulmonary ventilation 肺通气pulse pressure 脉压pupillary reflex 瞳孔反射Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维Purkinje system 蒲肯野系统rapid ejection phase 快速射血相rapid repolarization 快速复极reduced eye 简化眼reflex 反射reflex arc 反射弧refractoriness 不应性refractory period 不应期relative refractory period 相对不应期renal glucose threshold 肾糖阈renin 肾素repolarization 复极resistance 耐药性，阻力respiratory zone 呼吸带resting potential 静息电位resting state 备用状态rheobase 基强度rhesus monkey 恒河猴，猕猴saltatory conduction 跳跃式传导second message 第二信使secondary active transport 继发性主动转运secondary phase of hemostasis 继发性止血反应secretin 促胰液素secretion 分泌segmentation 分节运动sensation 感觉sense organ 感觉器官sensory coding 感觉编码sensory receptor 感觉器shell temperature 体表温度simple diffusion 简单扩散single twitch 单收缩slow ejection phase 减慢射血相slow wave 慢波somatostatin 生长抑素spasm 痉挛specific conduction system 特殊传导系统spike 刺突，锋电位spontaneous depolarization 自动除极stretch receptors 肺牵张感受器stretch reflex 牵张反射stroke work 搏出功subnormal period 低常期supernormal period 超常期surface activation 表面激活surfactant 表面活性物质synaptic delay 突触延搁synergetic effect 协同作用tension 张力first heart soundsecond heart sound 第二心音thermoregulation 体温调节thoracic respiration 胸式呼吸thoroughfare channel 直捷通路或直通血毛细血管threshold 阈threshold intensity 阈强度threshold potential 阈电位threshold stimulus 阈刺激tissue exchange 组织换气tonic activity 紧张性活动tonic contraction 紧张性收缩。
生理学重要名词解释英文版
Internal environment:内环境refers to the liquid surrounding the cells in the body of multicellular animals, that is extracellular fluid.Homeostasis稳态: refers to a state of relatively constant of physical and chemical properties of internal environment, such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure and all kinds of liquid ingredients in the body, and so on.positive feedback正反馈: A change in a condition leads to responses from the effectors which a mplifies that changenegative feedback负反馈: A change in a condition leads to responses from the effectors which counteracts that changefacilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散: Water soluble small molecules and ions under the carrier protein mediated, cross the plasma membrane follow concentration gradientfacilitated diffusion via ion channel经通道易化扩散: All kinds of charged ions under the channel proteins mediated, cross the plasma membrane follow concentration gradient and potential gradientPrimary active transport原发性主动转运:making direct use of energy derived from ATP to transport the ions across the cell membraneSecondary active transport次级主动转运:The ion gradients established by primary active transport permits the transport of other substances against their concentration gradientsresting potential静息电位: A potential difference across the membranes of inactive cells, with the inside of the cell negative relative to the outside of the cellaction potential动作电位: Some of the cells (excitable cells) are capable to rapidly reverse their resting membrane potential from negative resting values to slightly positive values. This transient and rapid change in membrane potential is called an action potential Excitation-contraction coupling兴奋收缩耦联: the mediation process of striated muscle cells generate action potentials and muscle filament contraction and relaxation. Hematocrit血细胞比容: The capacity percentage of the blood cells in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate红细胞沉降率: The distance that red blood cells settle in a tube of blood in one hourHemostasis止血: Small damaged blood vessels stop bleeding after a few minutes automaticallyBlood coagulation血凝固: blood change from sol to illiquid gel stateBlood group血型: The type of specific antigen on the surface of blood cellseffective refractory period:premature systole期前收缩: if ventricle is stimulated after ventricular muscle effective refractory period, before The next sinoatrial node excitement arrive, it will produce a contraction in advance.compensatory pause代偿间歇: A longer ventricular diastolic after premature systole. Atrioventricular delay房室延搁: Excitement slowly spread in atrioventricular junction and take longer time.Cardiac cycle心动周期: A cycle of heart contraction and relaxationStroke volume每搏输出量: One side of the ventricular injection volume of blood by a heart throbEjection fraction射血分数: The percentage stroke volume account for ventricularend-diastolic volumeCardiac output心输出量: The blood volume inject by one side of the ventricular per minuteCardiac index心指数: calculate cardiac output by unit surface areasystolic pressure收缩压: The highest blood pressure at mid ventricular systolic .diastolic pressure舒张压: The lowest blood pressure at ventricular end-diastolic.pulse pressure脉压: Systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressurecentral venous pressure中心静脉压: The blood pressure in right atrium and chest cavity vena cavaMicrocirculation: Blood circulation between arteriole and micro veinEffective filtration pressure有效滤过压:the pressure difference between filtration and reabsorptionRespiration: The process of gas exchange between the body and its environmentvital capacity肺活量: After inhalation complete, the largest gas exhaled from the lungs forced vital capacity用力肺活量: After inhalation complete, exhale the largest gas from the lungs as fast as possibleforced expiratory volume用力呼气量: After inhalation complete, the gas exhaled from the lungs in a certain timeAlveolar Ventilation肺泡通气量: amount of inhaled the fresh air in the alveoli per minute. Pulmonary stretch reflex牵张反射: The reflection of inspiratory inhibit or inhale excited caused by pulmonary inflation and pulmonary deflation.Digestion消化: break down of food into small molecular components small enough to absorb.Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.Absorption吸收: the small molecules that formed by digestion across the digestion tract mucosa go into blood and lymph.Small wave小波: the spontaneous rhythmic, subthreshold depolarization of the cell membrane of the gastrointestinal tract that characterizes the underlying electrical activity of the bowel.胃液主要成分1.HCl,parietal cell ,acid sterilization. Activation of pepsinogen, promotion of secretin secretion. Assisted effect of Fe and Ca absorption.2.Pepsinogen胃蛋白酶, chief cell, active in stomach, initially by H ions and then by active pepsin, autocatalytic activation. Pepsin an endopeptidase, which attacks peptide bonds in the interior of large protein molecules.3.Mucus粘液, neck cell and goblet cell, lubrication of the mucosal surface. Protection of the tissue from mechanical damage by food particle.4.intrinsic factor内因子, parietal cell. The intrinsic factor binds to vit B12 and facilitated its absorption.Stimulate gastric secretion刺激胃液分泌ACH gastrin histamine/ somatostatin Digestion phase gastric secretion消化期胃液分泌Cephalic gastric intestinal phase Regulation inhibitory gastric juice secretion胃液分泌抑制性调节1.HCl:inhibite G cell release gastrin;stimulate D cell release somatostatin;in the gastric antrum,inhibition of G cells,release of SST;in the duodenum ,release of secretin,bulbogastrone.2,fat:initiating release of enterogastrone.3,hepertonic solution:entero-gastric reflex.Receptive relaxation 容受性舒张:stimulation of receptor reflex muscle relax in the f undus and stomach body when chew and swallow.Pancreatic juice composition effect胰液成分作用:pancreatic amylase,pancreatic lip ase, trypsin,chymotrypsin,HCO3 bicarbonate balance the HCl in duodenum. Protect i ntestinal mucosa TPS and chymolase, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic amylase.Enteroh epatic circulation of bile salt.Bile salts were emptied into the small intestine with hepatic bile, about 95% is absorbed into the blood in the terminal ileum, and then synthesizing bile again after the hepatic vein to the liver, then empty into intestine.Physiological functions of bile胆汁生理作用1.Emulsifying or detergent function of bile salts.2.Help in the absorption of: fatly acid, lmonoglycerides, cholesterol, other lipids Peristalsis蠕动: the rhythmic waves of muscular relaxation and contraction are called peristalsis.Receptive relaxation 容受性舒张: stimulation of food on pharynx and esophagus produce relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and stomach.Gastric emptying胃排空: the process that the gastric contents are delivered to the duodenum.Thermal equivalent of food热价: calories liberated by 1g food oxidized in body. (kJ/g) Thermal equivalent of oxygen氧热价: heat production by consuming one liter of oxygen to oxidize a specific type of blood. (kJ/L)Respiratory quotient(RQ)呼吸商: in the process of oxidizing food, the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 used。
医学常用生理学术语中英文对照与翻译
医学常用生理学术语中英文对照与翻译在医学领域中，掌握生理学术语的中英文对照与翻译是非常重要的。
生理学术语的准确理解和正确使用，有助于医学专业人员之间的有效沟通，并提供了对医学文献和研究的正确理解。
本文将为您提供一份医学常用生理学术语的中英文对照与翻译，帮助您更好地掌握这些术语。
1. 细胞（cell）细胞是生物体的基本结构和功能单位。
它们是一系列化学反应的载体，并能根据生物体的需要执行各种生物学功能。
2. 组织（tissue）组织是由一组具有相似功能的细胞组成的。
常见的组织类型包括上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织和神经组织等。
3. 器官（organ）器官是由多种组织结合而成，共同执行特定功能的结构。
常见的器官包括心脏、肺、肝脏等。
4. 系统（system）系统是由多个器官组成的复杂结构，共同执行特定功能。
常见的系统包括呼吸系统、循环系统、消化系统等。
5. 内分泌系统（endocrine system）内分泌系统由一组产生激素的腺体组成，用于调节全身的生理过程。
常见的内分泌腺体包括甲状腺、肾上腺等。
6. 神经系统（nervous system）神经系统由大脑、脊髓和神经组织组成，负责传递神经信号和控制身体各部分的活动。
7. 循环系统（circulatory system）循环系统由心脏、血管和血液组成。
它负责输送氧气、营养物质和代谢废物，维持全身细胞的正常功能。
8. 呼吸系统（respiratory system）呼吸系统由鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺组成。
它的功能是将氧气带入身体，并排出二氧化碳等废物。
9. 消化系统（digestive system）消化系统由口腔、食管、胃、小肠和大肠组成。
它负责消化食物，吸收营养物质，并排出未消化的废物。
10. 泌尿系统（urinary system）泌尿系统由肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道组成。
它负责产生、储存和排泄尿液，排除体内代谢产生的废物。
11. 免疫系统（immune system）免疫系统是身体抵抗疾病和保护身体免受感染的防线。
生理学名词解释
生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.稳态（homeostasis）：内环境的化学成分和理化性质保持相对稳定的状态。
2.旁分泌调节（paracrine regulation）：指激素等化学物质经组织液扩散，改变临近细胞活动的调节方式。
3.自身调节（autoregulation）：指内外环境变化时，组织、细胞不依赖于神经或体液调节而产生的适应性反应。
4.负反馈（negative feedback）：指在自动控制系统中，反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相反的方向改变。
5.正反馈（positive feedback）：指在自动控制系统中，反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相同的方向改变。
6.前馈(feed-forward)：指干扰信号对控制部分的直接作用，它能使输出变量在出现偏差而引起反馈性调节之前就能得到纠正。
第二章细胞的基本功能7. 经载体易化扩散（facilitated diffusion via carrier）：水溶性小分子物质依靠膜上载体蛋白的介导，顺浓度梯度或（和）电位梯度的跨膜转运成为经载体易化扩散。
8. 经通道易化扩散（facilitated diffusion via ion channel）：离子或水依靠膜上通道蛋白的介导，顺电化学驱动力或依靠渗透压差的跨膜转运称为经通道易化扩散。
9. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel) ：受膜电位调控离子通道的开闭。
10. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel) ：由化学物质（激素、递质等）控制离子通道的开闭，又称配体门控通道。
11. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel)：由机械因素控制离子通道的开闭。
12. 原发性主动转运（primary active transport）：离子泵利用分解ATP产生的能量，将离子逆浓度梯度或（和）电位梯度进行跨膜转运的过程称为原发性主动转运。
生理学英文单词
推荐掌握的英文单词第一篇绪论internal environment内环境P5homeostasis稳态P5nervous regulation神经调节P6humoral regulation体液调节P6autoregulation自身调节 P6negative feedback负反馈 P8Positive feedback正反馈 P8第二篇细胞的基本功能simple diffusion单纯扩散)P18ion channel离子通道 P20water channel水通道P25secondary active transport继发性主动转运P29resting potential静息电位P47polarization极化P47hyperpolarization超极化 P47depolarization去极化 P47repolarization复极化 P47overshoot超射 P47Action potential动作电位P47spike potential锋电位 P51voltage clamp电压钳 P52patch clamp膜片钳P55Excitation兴奋 P65Excitability兴奋性 P65absolute refractory period绝对不应期P65relative refractory period相对不应期P65supernormal period超常期P65subnormal period低常期P65miniature endplate potential，MEPP微终板电位P69preload前负荷P81afterload后负荷P82contractility收缩能力P83twitch单收缩P84第三篇血液的功能Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate，ESR红细胞沉降率（血沉）P99 osmotic fragility渗透脆性 P99bleeding time出血时间P111Blood group血型P112blood coagulation血液凝固 P118clotting factor凝血因子 P118第四篇血液循环第九章心脏的生物电活动pump function 起搏功能autorhythmicity 自动节律性pacemaking function 起搏功能maximum diastolic potential, MDP 最大舒张电位maximum repolarization potential 最大复极电位fast response action potential快反应动作电位fast response cell 快反应细胞slow response action potential慢反应动作电位slow response cell 慢反应细胞sodium-calcium exchange 钠-钙交换electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图action potential duration,APD 动作电位时程amplitude of action potential, APA 动作电位幅值transient outward current, I to瞬时性外向离子流plateau phase 平台期long lasting calcium current,I Ca-Leffective refractory period, ERP 有效不应期premature systole 期前收缩extrasystole 期外收缩compensatory pause 代偿性间歇cardiac arrthythmia 心律失常sinus rhythm 窦性心律dominant pacemaker 主导起搏点latent pacemaker 潜在起搏点ectopic pacemaker 异位起搏点capture 抢先占领overdrive suppression 超速驱动压抑positive chronotropic action 正性变时作用negative chronotropic action 负性变时作用preferential pathway 优势传导通路functional syncytium 功能合胞体atrioventricular delay 房室延搁positive dromotropic action 正性变传导作用negative dromotropic action 负性变传导作用P-wave P波P-R interval P-R间期P-R segment P-R段QRS complex QFS波群S-T segment S-T段第十章心脏的泵血功能contractility 收缩性positive inotropic action 正性变力作用negative inotropic action 负性变力作用calcium-induced calcium release, CICR 钙触发钙释放calcium transient 钙瞬变atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP 心房钠尿肽endothelin 内皮素angiotension II 血管紧张素cardiac cycle 心动周期systole 收缩期diastole 舒张期pump cycle 泵周期ventricular systole 心室收缩期isovolumic contraction phase 等容收缩期injection phase 射血期rapid injection phase 快速射血期reduced injection phase 减慢射血期isovolumic relaxation phase等容舒张期rapid filling phase 快速充盈期reduced filling phase减慢充盈期priming pupm 初级泵heart sound 心音stroke volume 搏出量ejection fraction, EF 射血分数cardiac output，CO 心输出量cardiac index 心指数stroke work 搏功cardiac reserve 心力储备heterometric autoregulation 异长自身调节ventricular function curve 心室功能曲线homometric regulation 等长第十一章血管生理Windkessel vessel 弹性储器血管distribution vessel 分配血管precapillary resistance vessel 毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary sphincter 毛细血管前括约肌exchange vessel 交换血管postcapillary resistance vessel 毛细血管后阻力血管capacitance vessel 容量血管shunt vessel 短路血管arteriovenous shunt 动-静脉短路renin 肾素angiotensin 血管紧张素resistance of blood flow 血流阻力blood viscosity 血液粘滞度blood pressure 血压arterial blood pressure 动脉血压mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压peripheral resistance 外周阻力systolic pressure 收缩压diastolic prssure 舒张压pulse pressure 脉压mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压central venous pressure 中心静脉压peripheral venous 外周静脉压venous return 静脉回心血量microcirculation 微循环ateriole 微动脉metarteriole 后微动脉throughfare 直捷通路effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压cardiac vagal tone 心迷走紧张cardiac sympathetic tone 心交感紧张vasoconstrictor nerve 缩血管神经vasodilator nerve 舒血管神经sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone交感缩血管紧张sympathetic vasoconstrictor center交感缩血管中枢cardiac sympathetic center 心交感中枢cardiac vagus center 心迷走中枢cardiaovascular reflex 心血管反射arterial baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射depressor reflex降压反射carotid sinus 颈动脉窦aortic arch 主动脉弓carotid sinus nerve 颈动脉窦神经chemoreceptor reflex 化学感受器反射carotid body 颈动脉体aortic body 主动脉体renin-angiotensin system, RAS 肾素－血管紧张素系统angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE 血管紧张素转换酶adrenaline, epinephrine 肾上腺素noradrenaline, norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素vasopressin 血管升压素nitric oxide, NO一氧化氮renal-body system 肾体液控制系统第十三章 器官循环coronary circulation 冠脉循环adnosine 腺苷第五篇 呼吸第十四章 肺通气respiration 呼吸external Respiration外呼吸internal respiration 内呼吸pulmonary ventilation 肺通气intrapulmonary pressure 肺内压inspiration 吸气expiration 呼气artificial respiration 人工呼吸respiratory movement 呼吸运动abdominal breathing 腹式呼吸thoracic breathing 胸式呼吸eupnea 平静呼吸forced breathing 用力呼吸intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压pneumothorax 气胸lung compliance 肺顺应性pulmonary surfactant 肺表面活性物质dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, DPPC 二棕榈酰卵磷脂inelastic resistance 非弹性阻力restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足obstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足pulmonary volume 肺容积tidal volume, TV 潮气量inspiratory reserve volume, IRV补吸气量expiratory reserve,ERV补呼气量residual volume，RV 残气量functional residual capacity, FRC 功能残气量vital capacity,VC 肺活量forced expiratory volume, FEV用力呼气量total lung capacity 肺总量pulmonary ventilation 肺通气量maximal voluntary ventilation 最大随意通气量anatomical dead space解剖无效腔alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔physiological dead space 生理无效腔alveolar ventilation肺泡通气量第十五章 肺换气和组织换气respiratory membrane 呼吸膜ventilation/perfusion ratio通气－血流比值第十六章 氧和二氧化碳在血液中的运输oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白deoxyhemoglobin 去氧血红蛋白oxygen capacity of Hb Ｈb的氧容量oxygen content of Hb Ｈb的氧含量oxygen saturation of Hb Ｈb的氧饱和度oxygen dissociation curve氧解离曲线Bohr effect 波尔效应carbaminohemoglobin 氨基甲酰血红蛋白第十七章 呼吸运动的调节respiratory center 呼吸中枢apneusis 长吸式呼吸pneumotaxic center呼吸调整中枢inspiratory neuron 吸气神经元expiratory neuron 呼气神经元respiratory rhythm呼吸节律peripheral chemoreceptor 外周化学感受器central chemoreceptor 外周化学感受器pulmonary stretch reflex 肺牵张反射第六篇 消化slow wave potential慢波电位basic electrical rhythm基本电节律gastrointestinal hormone胃肠激素mucus-bicarbonate barrier粘液－碳酸氢盐屏障enterohepatic circulation of bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环peristalsis蠕动low esophageal sphincter食管下括约肌entero-gastric reflex肠－胃反射segmentation contraction分节运动digestion消化absorption吸收第七篇 能量代谢与体温thermal equivalent of food食物的热价caloric value of food食物的卡价thermal equivalent of oxygen食物的氧热价respiratory quotient呼吸商specific dynamic action食物的特殊动力效应basal metabolism基础代谢body temperature体温core temperature深部温度shell temperature表层温度circadian rhythm日节律biorhythm生物节律radiation）辐射conduction传导convection对流insensible evaporation不感蒸发sensible evaporation可感蒸发thermal sweating温热性发汗mental sweating精神性发汗gustatory sweating味觉性发汗autonomic thermoregulation自主性体温调节behavioral thermoregulation行为性体温调节set point调定点第八篇 尿的生成与排出autoregulation of renal blood flow肾血流量的自身调节glomerular filtration rate肾小球滤过率filtration fraction滤过分数effective filtration pressure有效滤过压renal glucose threshold肾糖阈secretion分泌clearance清楚率tubuloglomerular feedback管球反馈glomerulotubular balance球管平衡osmotic diuresis渗透性利尿renorenal reflex肾－肾反射第九篇 神经系统receptor感受器adequate stimulus适宜刺激receptor potential感受器电位generator potential发生器电位coding编码作用adaptation适应现象reduced eye简化眼visual acuity视敏度visual accommodation眼的调节near point of vision近点myopia近视hyperopia远视astimatism散光nyctalopia夜盲症dark adaptation暗适应light adaptation明适应visual field视野hearing threshold听阈air conduction气导bone conduction骨导microphonic potential蜗微音器电位nystagmus眼震颤neuron神经元nerve impulse神经冲动axoplasmic transport轴浆运输postsynaptic potential突触后电位EPSP兴奋性突触后电位IPSP抑制性突触后电位postsynaptic inhibition突触后抑制presynaptic inhibition突触前抑制presynaptic facilitation突触前易化synaptic delay突触延搁electric synaptic transmission电突触传递 neurotransmitter神经递质cholinergic fiber胆碱能纤维adrenergic fiber肾上腺素能纤维specific projection system特异性投射系统non- specific projection system非特异性投射系统 evoked cortical potential皮层诱发电位（）、 referred pain牵涉痛muscle tonus肌紧张tendon reflex腱反射spinal shock脊休克stretch reflex牵张反射decerebrate rigidity去大脑僵直conditioned reflex条件反射unconditioned reflex非条件反射first signal system第一信号系统second signal system第二信号系统 electroencephalograme,EEG脑电图α－blockα波阻断slow wave sleep慢波睡眠第十篇 内分泌内分泌endocrine激素hormone神经内分泌neuroendocrine内分泌系统endocrine system胺类激素amine hormone多肽和蛋白质类激素polypeptide and protein hormone类固醇激素steroid hormone下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-target gland axis 下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-thyroid axis 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质腺轴hypothalamus-adrenocortical gland axis 下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-gonadal axis生长激素释放激素growth hormone releasing hormone生长抑素somatostatin或growth hormone release inhibiting hormone 促甲状腺激素释放激素thyrotropin releasing hormone促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素corticotropin-releasing hormone促性腺激素释放激素gonadotropin-releasing hormone生长激素growth hormone促甲状腺激素thyroid-stimulating hormone促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocortical hormone卵泡刺激素follicle stimulating hormone黄体生成素luteinizing hormone胰岛素样生长因子insulin-like growth factor应激反应stress reaction催乳素prolactin缩宫素oxytocin甲状腺激素thyroid hormone胰岛素insulin糖皮质激素glucocorticoid允许作用permissive action应急反应emergency reaction雄激素androgen排卵ovulation雌激素female sex hormone孕激素pregnancy hormone。
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第1章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aacclimatization, accustomization 习服acute animal experiment 急性动物实验afferent nerve 传入神经autoregulation * 自身调节Bbody fluid 体液Ccell physiology 细胞生理学center 中枢chronic animal experiment 慢性动物实验closed-loop system 闭环系统control system 控制系统cybernetics 控制论Eeffecter 效应器efferent nerve 传出神经experiment in vivo 在体实验experiment in vitro 离体实验extracellular fluid, ECF 细胞外液Ffeedback * 反馈feed-forward * 前馈Ggeneral physiology 普通生理学Hhuman physiology 人体生理学humoral regulation * 体液调节homeostasis ** 稳态hormone 激素Iinternal environment ** 内环境interstitial fluid, ISF 组织间液intracellular fluid, ICF 细胞内液Nnegative feedback ** 负反馈neurohormone 神经激素neurohumoral regulation 神经 - 体液调节neuroregulation * 神经调节neurosecretion 神经分泌Oorganism 生物体organ physiology 器官生理学Pparacrine 旁分泌physiological experiment 生理学实验physiology ** 生理学plasma 血浆positive feedback * 正反馈Rreceptor 感受器reflex * 反射reflex arc ** 反射弧resetting 重调定Sset point ** 调定点Ttarget cell 靶细胞telecrine 远距分泌tissue fluid 组织液第2章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aabsolute refractory period** 绝对不应期acetylcholine, ACh** 乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase** 乙酰胆碱酯酶actin* 肌动蛋白 ; 肌纤蛋白action potential** 动作电位activation** 激活active transport** 主动转运adenylyl cyclase, AC** 腺苷酸环化酶after depolarization* 后去极化after hyperpolarization* 后超极化after-potential* 后电位afterload** 后负荷all-or-none response** “全或无”反应amphiphilic molecule* 双嗜性分子analogue signal 模拟信号antigen 抗原antiport** 反向转运antiporter* 反向转运体aquaporin, AQP 水孔蛋白arrhythmia 心律失常atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP* 心房钠尿肽autophosphorylation 自身磷酸化autorhythmicity** 自律性Bbarrier function 屏障功能blocker 阻断剂brain natriuretic peptide, BNP* 脑钠尿肽a -bungarotoxin a - 银环蛇毒CCa 2+ -binding protein, CaBP* 钙结合蛋白calcium channel 钙通道calcium-induced Ca 2+ release, CICR** 钙触发钙释放calcium pump* 钙泵calcium release channel** 钙释放通道calmodulin, CaM ** 钙调蛋白cardiac muscle* 心肌carrier** 载体cell* 细胞cell membrane* 细胞膜central nervous system 中枢神经系统channel* 通道chemically-gated ion channel** 化学门控通道chloride channel 氯通道cholesterol* 胆固醇Cl - equilibrium potential, E Cl* Cl - 平衡电位clathrin 网格蛋白close** 关闭coated pit 有被小窝coated vesicle 有被囊泡competitive inhibition* 竞争抑制complete tetanus 完全性强直收缩concentration gradient 浓度梯度conformational change 构象变化connexin* 连接蛋白connexon* 连接子contractility** 肌肉收缩能力cross-bridge* 横桥cross-bridge cycling* 横桥周期cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP** 环一磷酸腺苷cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cGMP** 环一磷酸鸟苷cytokine 细胞因子cytosol 胞质Ddark band 暗带deactivation** 去激活dense band 致密带dense body* 致密体dense patch 致密斑dephosphorylation 去磷酸化depolarization** 去极化detachment 解离diacylglycerol, DG* 二酰甘油duration of stimulus 刺激持续时间Eelectrical gradient 电位梯度electrical synapse* 电突触electrically excitable cell 电可兴奋细胞electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图electrochemical driving force* 电化学驱动力electroencephalogram, EEG 脑电图electromechanical coupling* 电 - 机械耦联electromyogram 肌电图electrotonic potential** 电紧张电位electrotonic propagation** 电紧张扩布endocytosis** 入胞endocytotic vesicle 吞饮泡endplate membrane* 终板膜endplate potential, EPP** 终板电位ensemble current 总体平均电流enzyme-linked receptor* 酶联型受体equilibriam potential* 平衡电位exchanger** 交换体excitability** 兴奋性excitable cell** 可兴奋细胞excitation** 兴奋excitation-contraction coupling** 兴奋 - 收缩耦联excitation-secretion coupling** 兴奋 - 分泌耦联exocytosis** 出胞Ffacilitated diffusion via carrier** 经载体易化扩散facilitated diffusion via ion channel** 经通道易化扩散fluid mosaic model* 液态镶嵌模型fluid-phase endocytosis* 液相入胞Ggap junction** 缝隙连接gap junction channel** 缝隙连接通道gastric parietal cell 壁细胞gate 闸门gating** 门控generator potential 发生器电位genetic expression 基因表达G protein* G 蛋白G protein effector** G 蛋白效应器G protein-linked receptor** G 蛋白耦联受体glucose 葡萄糖D-glucose carrier 右旋葡萄糖载体glucose transporter, GLUT** 葡萄糖转运体glycolipid* 糖脂glycoprotein* 糖蛋白growth factor 生长因子guanine nucleotide-binding protein** 鸟苷酸结合蛋白guanyly l cyclase, GC** 鸟苷酸环化酶guanylyl cyclase receptor** 鸟苷酸环化酶受体Hheavy chain 重链heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein 三聚体 G 蛋白homeodomain 同源结构域hyperpolarization** 超极化Iinactivation** 失活incomplete tetanus 不完全强直收缩initial length** 初长度inositol triphosphate, IP 3 ** 三磷酸肌醇integral protein* 整合蛋白intensity of stimulus 刺激强度intercalated cell 闰细胞intermediate filament 中间丝inward current** 内向电流ion channel** 离子通道ion-channel receptor** 离子通道型受体ion pump** 离子泵ionic selectivity* 离子选择性iontropic receptor** 促离子型受体IP 3 receptor, IP 3 R** IP 3 受体isometric contraction** 等长收缩isotonic contraction** 等张收缩Jjunctional cleft* 接头间隙junctional SR, JSR* 连接肌质网KK + equilibriam potential, E K ** K + 平衡电位K + leak channel** 钾漏通道Lligand* 配体ligand-gated ion channel* 配体门控通道light band 明带light chain 轻链lipid* 脂质lipid bilayer* 脂质双层load 负荷local current** 局部电流local potential** 局部电位longitudinal SR, LSR* 纵行肌质网longitudinal tubule 纵管low-density lipoprotein, LDL* 低密度脂蛋白L-type Ca 2+ channel* L 型钙通道Mmacroscopial current* 宏膜电流mechanically-gated ion channel** 机械门控通道membrane capacitance, C m * 膜电容membrane conductance** 膜电导membrane potential** 膜电位membrane protein-mediated transport膜蛋白介导的跨膜转运membrane resistance* 膜电阻metabotropic receptor** 促代谢型受体Michealis constant, K m * 米氏常数miniature endplate potential, MEPP** 微终板电位mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶M line M 线molecular switch* 分子开关motor unit** 运动单位muscle tonus** 肌紧张multi-unit smooth muscle* 多单位平滑肌myofibril 肌原纤维myofilament sliding theory** 肌丝滑行理论myosin* 肌球蛋白 ; 肌凝蛋白myosin light chain, MLC* 肌球蛋白轻链myosin light chain kinase, MLCK*肌球蛋白轻链激酶myosin light chain phosphatase ， MLCP*肌球蛋白轻链磷酸酶NN 2 -A C h receptor cation channel**N 2 型 ACh 受体阳离子通道**Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger Na + -Ca 2+ 交换体Na + equilibrium potential, E Na ** Na + 平衡电位Na + -glucose symporter Na + - 葡萄糖同向转运体Na + -H + exchanger Na + -H + 交换体Na + , K + -ATPase* Na + , K + -ATP 酶Na + , K + , Cl - cotransporter Na+,K+,Cl - 同向转运体negative after-potential* 负后电位nerve impulse 神经冲动neuromuscular junction* 神经 - 肌接头nitric oxide, NO** 一氧化氮NO synthase, NOS** 一氧化氮合酶non-synaptic chemical transmission* 非突触性化学传递nonselective cation channel 非选择性阳离子通道Ooligosaccharide 寡糖open probability 开放概率optimal initial length** 最适初长度outward current** 外向电流overshoot** 超射Ppacemaker** 起步点passive electrical property 被动电学特性passive transport** 被动转运patch clamp** 膜片钳performance of contraction** 收缩效能peripheral protein* 表面蛋白permeability* 通透性phagocytosis* 吞噬pharmacomechanical coupling* 药物 - 机械耦联phosphatase 磷酸酶phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, PI2 *二磷酸磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiesterase ， PDE** 磷酸二酯酶phospholipase A 2 , PLA 2 * 磷脂酶 A 2 phospholipase C, PLC** 磷脂酶 Cphospholipid* 磷脂phosphorylation 磷酸化physical diffusion 物理扩散pinocytosis* 吞饮plasma membrane* 质膜polarization** 极化polysaccharide 多糖positive feedback 正反馈postsynaptic potential 突触后电位potassium channel 钾通道positive after-potential* 正后电位prejunctional membrane* 接头前膜preload** 前负荷primary active transport** 原发性主动转运protein* 蛋白质propagation 传播protein kinase 蛋白激酶protein kinase A, PKA 蛋白激酶 Aprotein kinase C , PKC 蛋白激酶 Cprotein kinase G, PKG 蛋白激酶 Gproton pump 质子泵Qquantal 量子quantal release** 量子式释放Rrate of change of intensity to time 强度对时间的变化率receptor 受体receptor-mediated endocytosis** 受体介导入receptor potential 感受器电位receptor tyrosine kinase 受体酪氨酸激酶recovery from inactivation** 复活relative refractory period** 相对不应期repolarization** 复极化resting potential** 静息电位retched action* 棘齿作用ryanodine receptor, RYR** ryanodine 受体Ssaltatory conduction** 跳跃式传导sarcomere* 肌节sarcoplasmic reticulum, SR* 肌质网sarcotubular system 肌管系统saturation* 饱和现象second messenger** 第二信使secondary active transport** 继发性主动转运selectivity filter 选择性滤器shortening 缩短signaling transduction** 信号转导simple diffusion** 单纯扩散single channel conductance 单通道电导single channel current* 单通道电流single-unit smooth muscle* 单个单位平滑肌size principle** 大小原则skeletal muscle* 骨骼肌slow wave 慢波smooth muscle* 平滑肌sodium channel 钠通道sodium-potassium pump** 钠 - 钾泵sodium pump* 钠泵spatial summation** 空间总和spike potential** 锋电位stimulation** 刺激striated muscle* 横纹肌subnormal period** 低常期subthreshould stimulus 阈下刺激summation** 总和supranormal period** 超常期suprathreshold stimulus 阈上刺激symport** 同向转运symporter* 同向转运体synaptic vesicle 突触囊泡 ; 突触小泡Ttemporal summation** 时间总和tension 张力terminal cistern* 终池tetanus** 强直收缩tetraethylammonium, TEA 四乙铵tetrodotoxin, TTX 河豚毒thick filament 粗肌丝thin filament 细肌丝three-legged protein 三脚蛋白threshold** 阈值threshold intensity** 阈强度threshold potential** 阈电位threshold stimulus** 阈刺激time-dependence* 时间依赖性transmembrane current 跨膜电流transmembrane diffusion* 跨膜扩散transmembrane a helice 跨膜 a 螺旋transmembrane potential** 跨膜电位7-transmembrane receptor 7 次跨膜受体transmitter-gated ion channel* 递质门控通道transporter** 转运体transverse tubule 横管triad 三联管tropomyosin* 原肌球蛋白 ; 原肌凝蛋白troponin* 肌钙蛋白troponin C, TnC* 肌钙蛋白 C troponin I, TnI* 肌钙蛋白 I troponinT, TnT* 肌钙蛋白 TT tubule* T 管tubocurarine 筒箭毒twitch** 单收缩tyrosine-kinase-associated receptor*酪氨酸激酶结合型受体tyrosine kinase receptor, TKR** 酪氨酸激酶受体Uuniport** 单（物质）转运uniporter* 单（物质）转运体Vvaricosity* 曲张体visceral smooth muscle* 内脏平滑肌voltage clamp* 电压钳voltage-dependence* 电压依赖性voltage-gated ion channel** 电压门控通道Wwater channel 水通道wave front** 波前ZZ disk Z 盘Z line Z 线第3章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aagglutination ** 红细胞凝集agglutinin ** 凝集素agglutinogen ** 凝集原Albumin 白蛋白antihemophilic factor 抗血友病因子a 2 - antiplasmin a 2 - 抗纤溶酶antithrombin ** 抗凝血酶a 1 antitrypsin a 1 抗胰蛋白酶aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血Bbasophil * 嗜碱性粒细胞basophilic normoblast 早幼红细胞bleeding time * 出血时间blood* 血液blood cells * 血细胞blood coagulation ** 血液凝固blood component therapy ** 成分输血blood group ** 血型blood volume ** 血量bone marrow 骨髓bone marrow transplantation , BMT 骨髓移植burst forming unit-erythroid, BFU-E*爆式红系集落形成单位burst promoting activity, BPA * 爆式促进活性Cchemokine * 趋化因子chemotaxis * 趋化性C 1 inhibitor C 1 抑制物clotting time, CT * 凝血时间coagulation factor; clotting factor ** 凝血因子collagen 胶原colloid osmotic pressure ** 胶体渗透压colony forming unit, CFU * 集落形成单位colony forming unit-erythroid, CFU-E* 红系集落形成单位colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage, CFU-GM粒 - 单核系祖细胞colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte, CFU-MK 巨核系祖细胞colony stimulating factor, CSF * 集落刺激因子committed progenitors * 定向祖细胞contact factor 接触因子 ; Hageman 因子cross-match test ** 交叉配血试验cycloxygenase 环加氧酶crystal osmotic pressure ** 晶体渗透压Ddemarcation membrane system, DMS * 分界膜系统dendritic cell 树突状细胞diapedesis 白细胞渗出Eeosinophil * 嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophile chemotactic factor A 嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子 Aerythrocyte; red blood cell, RBC * 红细胞erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR ** 红细胞沉降率erythropoietin, EPO* * 促红细胞生成素extramedullary hemopoiesis 骨髓外造血extrinsic pathway ** 外源性凝血途径FFerri 铁fibrin ** 纤维蛋白fibrin-stabilizing factor , FSF 纤维蛋白稳定因子fibrinogen * 纤维蛋白原fibrinolysis ** 纤维蛋白溶解 ; 纤溶folic acid 叶酸forward typing 正向定型GGlobulin 球蛋白glycoprotein, GP 糖蛋白granulocyte 粒细胞granulocyte- colony stimulating factor, G-CSF 粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte-macrophage- colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF粒 - 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子Hhematocrit ** 血细胞比容hemoglobin, Hb * 血红蛋白hemopoiesis * 造血hemopoietic microenvironment ** 造血微环境hemopoietic stem cells * 造血干细胞hemostasis ** 止血heparin ** 肝素heparin cofactor Ⅱ肝素辅因子Ⅱhereditary spherocytosis 遗传性球形红细胞增多症high molecular weight kininogen, HMWK高分子量激肽原histamine 组胺human leukocyte antigen, HLA ** 人类白细胞抗原5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT 5 - 羟色胺hypoxia 缺氧hypoxia-inducible factors-1, HIF-1 * 低氧诱导因子 - 1 Iinterferon- a , INF- a 干扰素 - ainterleukin, IL 白细胞介素 ; 白介素intrinsic factor ** 内因子intrinsic pathway ** 内源性凝血途径iso-osmotic solution * 等渗溶液isotonic solution * 等张溶液Lleukocyte; white blood cell, WBC * 白细胞leukotrienes, LT 白（细胞）三稀lymphocyte * 淋巴细胞Ma 2 - macroglobulin a 2 - 巨球蛋白macrophage* 巨噬细胞macrophage- colony stimulating factor, M-CSF巨噬细胞集落刺激因子major basic protein , MBP 主要碱性蛋白megakaryocyte * 巨核细胞monocyte * 单核细胞Nnatural killer, NK* 自然杀伤细胞neutrophil * 中性粒细胞Newtonian fluid 牛顿液体Oorthochromatic normoblast 晚幼红细胞osmotic fragility ** 红细胞渗透脆性 ; 脆性osmotic pressure ** 渗透压Pperoxydase 过氧化物酶phagocytosis * 吞噬phosphatidylserine, PS 磷脂酰丝氨酸phospholipase A 2 , PLA 2 磷脂酶 A 2plasma * 血浆plasma proteins * 血浆蛋白plasma thromboplastin 血浆凝血活酶plasma thromboplastin antecedent 血浆凝血活酶前质plasmin ** 纤溶酶 ; 血浆素plasminogen ** 纤维蛋白溶解酶原 ; 纤溶酶原 ; 血浆素原plasminogen activator * 纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, PAI-1 *纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 - 1 plastic deformation ** 可塑变形性platelet; thrombocyte * 血小板platelet adhesion ** 血小板黏附platelet aggregation ** 血小板聚集platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF 血小板源生长因子platelet factor 4, PF 4 血小板因子 4platelet factor V, PF 5 血小板因子 Vplatelet release ** 血小板释放platelet secretion ** 血小板分泌polychromatic normoblast 中幼红细胞polymorphonuclear leukocyte * 多形核白细胞precursors * 前体细胞prekalikrein 前激肽释放酶proaccelerin 前加速素易变因子proconvertin 前转变素稳定因子prostacyclin, PGI 2 * 前列环素protein C, PC ** 蛋白质 Cprothrombin 凝血酶原prothrombinase complex ** 凝血酶原酶复合物Rreticulocyte 网织红细胞reverse typing 反向定型rouleaux formation ** 红细胞叠连Sself renewal 自我复制serum ** 血清slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, SAS-A过敏性慢反应物质survival factor 存活因子suspension stability ** 悬浮稳定性Tthrombin ** 凝血酶b -t hromboglobulin b - 血小板球蛋白thrombomodulin, TM ** 凝血酶调节蛋白thrombopoietin, TPO * 血小板生成素thrombospondin 凝血酶敏感蛋白thromboxane A 2 , TXA 2 ** 血栓烷 A 2tenase complex * 因子Ⅹ酶复合物tissue factor, TF * 组织因子tissue factor pathway 组织因子途径tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI **组织因子途径抑制物tissue plasminogen activator, t-PA **组织型纤溶酶原激活物transferrin * 转铁蛋白tumor necrosis factor a , TNF a 肿瘤坏死因子 aUuniversal donor 万能供血者universal recipient 万能受血者Vvascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF血管内皮生长因子viscosity ** 粘度vitamin B 12 维生素 B 12vit amin K 维生素 K第4章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aabsolute refractory period, ARP ** 绝对不应期action potential duration ** 动作电位时程adrenomedulin, ADM * 肾上腺髓质素angiotensin Ⅱ , Ang Ⅱ ** 血管紧张素Ⅱangiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE **血管紧张素转换酶angiotensinogen 血管紧张素原antidiuretic hormone,ADH ** 抗利尿激素aortic nerve 主动脉神经arterial baroreceptor ** 动脉压力感受器arterial blood pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉搏arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous shunt * 短路血管atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP ** 心房钠尿肽atrioventricular delay ** 房 - 室延搁autorhythmic cell * 自律细胞autorhythmicity ** 自动节律性 ; 自律性axial flow 轴流axon reflex * 轴突反射Bbaroreceptor reflex ** 压力感受性反射blood flow ** 血流量blood pressure ** 血压blood-brain barrier ** 血 - 脑屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier ** 血 - 脑脊液屏障blood viscosity * 血液粘滞度blood pressure in the capillary 毛细血管血压bradykinin ** 缓激肽brain ischemic response * 脑缺血反应brain natriuretic peptide, BNP * 脑钠尿肽buffer nerve ** 缓冲神经Ccapacitance vessel * 容量血管capillary filtration coefficient * 滤过系数capture * 抢先占领cardiac cycle ** 心动周期cardiac efficiency * 心脏的效率cardiac index ** 心指数cardiac output ** 心输出量cardiac reserve ** 心泵功能储备 ; 心力储备cardiac sympathetic tone * 心交感紧张cardiac vagal tone * 心迷走紧张cardiac working cell * 工作细胞cardiopulmonary receptor ** 心肺感受器cardiovascular center * 心血管中枢cardiovascular reflex * 心血管反射cardiovascular system 心血管系统carotid sinus nerve 颈动脉窦神经caudal ventrolateral medulla, CVLM 延髓尾端腹外侧部central venous pressure ** 中心静脉压cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液chemoreceptor ** 化学感受器chemoreceptor reflex ** 化学感受性反射colloid osmotic pressure of plasma 血浆胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid组织液胶体渗透压compensatory pause ** 代偿性间歇conductivity ** 传导性coronary circulation ** 冠脉循环C-type natriuretic peptide, CNP* C 型钠尿肽Ddelayed rectifier K + current * 延迟整流钾流depressor reflex ** 减压反射diastole ** 舒张期diastolic pressure ** 舒张压distribution vessel * 分配血管Eectopic pacemaker * 异位起搏点edema 水肿effective filtration pressure, EFP ** 有效滤过压effective refractory period, ERP ** 有效不应期ejection fraction ** 射血分数electrocardiogram, ECG ** 心电图end-diastolic pressure * （心室）舒张末期压力end-diastolic volume * （心室）舒张末期容积b -endorphin* b - 内啡肽endothelin, ET * 内皮素endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF *内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived vasoconstrictorfactor, EDCF *内皮缩血管因子end-systolic volume 收缩末期容积epinephrine ** 肾上腺素exchange vessel * 交换血管Ffast channel * 快通道fast response action potential * 快反应动作电位fast response cell 快反应细胞filtration ** 滤过Hheart rate ** 心率heart sound ** 心音hemodynamics * 血流动力学heterometric regulation ** 异长调节high pressure receptor * 高压力感受器histamine * 组胺homometric regulation ** 等长调节hydrostatic pressure 静水压hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid组织液静水压Iinotropic state * 变力状态integration pattern 整合型式interstitial fluid 组织液inward rectification * 内向整流inward rectifier K + channel * 内向整流钾通道Kkallidin * 血管舒张素kallikrein* 激肽释放酶kinin * 激肽kininogen 激肽原Llaminar flow 层流latent pacemaker * 潜在起搏点local response period * 局部反应期long lasting calcium current * L 型钙电流long-term regulation 长期调节low pressure receptor * 低压力感受器lymph 淋巴lymphatic system 淋巴管系统Mmaximal repolarization potential * 最大复极电位mean arterial pressure * 平均动脉压mean circulatory filling pressure ** 循环系统平均充盈压metarteriole 后微动脉minute volume * 每分输出量minute work * 每分功 ; 分功membrane responsiveness curve ** 膜反应曲线microcirculation ** 微循环momentum 动量myocardial contractility ** 心肌收缩能力myogenic activity * 肌源性活动NNa + background current * 钠背景电流natriuretic peptide, NP * 钠尿肽negative chronotropic action * 负性变时作用negative dromotropic action * 负性变传导作用negative inotropic action * 负性变力作用Newtonian fluid 牛顿液nitric oxide, NO * 一氧化氮non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿液norepinephrine ** 去甲肾上腺素normal pacemaker ** 正常起搏点nucleus of the tractus solitarius , NTS 孤束核Oopioid peptide * 阿片肽overdrive suppression * 超速驱动压抑Ppacemaker current * 起搏电流parasympathetic vasodilator nerve fiber副交感舒血管神经纤维period of atrial systole * 心房收缩期period of isovolumic contraction ** 等容收缩期period of isovolumic relaxation ** 等容舒张期period of rapid ejection ** 快速射血期period of rapid filling ** 快速充盈期period of slow ejection * 减慢射血期period of slow filling * 减慢充盈期period of ventricular ejection ** 射血期peripheral resistance ** 外周阻力peripheral venous pressure * 外周静脉压phase 4 spontaneous depolarization * 4 期自动去极化phonocardiogram * 心音图plateau ** 平台期Poiseuille's law 泊肃叶定律positive chronotropic action ** 正性变时作用positive dromotropic action ** 正性变传导作用positive inotropic action ** 正性变力作用postcapillary resistance vessel ** 毛细血管后阻力血管precapillary resistance vessel **毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary sphincter 毛细血管前括约肌preferential pathway * 优势传导通路premature excitation * 期前兴奋premature systole ** 期前收缩pressure dieresis 压力性利尿prostacyclin * 前列环素prostaglandin, PG * 前列腺素prostaglandin I 2 , PGI 2 * 前列腺素 I 2 （即前列环素）pulmonary circulation * 肺循环pulse pressure ** 脉搏压 ; 脉压pump current * 泵电流Rreabsorption ** 重吸收relative refractory period, RRP ** 相对不应期renal-body fluid system 肾 - 体液控制系统rennin ** 肾素renin-angiotensin-system, RAS **肾素 - 血管紧张素系统resetting * 重调定resistance of blood flow ** 血流阻力rostral ventrolateral medulla, RVLM * 延髓头端腹外侧部Sshear rate * （血流）切率shear stress 切应力short-term regulation 短期调节sinus rhythm ** 窦性节律slow channel * 慢通道slow response action potential * 慢反应动作电位slow response cell 慢反应细胞specialized conduction system （心内）特殊传导系统staircase phenomenon; treppe 阶梯现象Starling law of the heart ** 心的定律stroke volume ** 每搏输出量 ; 搏出量stroke work ** 每搏功 ; 搏功supranormal period, SNP ** 超常期sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve fiber *交感缩血管神经纤维sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone * 交感缩血管紧张sympathetic vasodilaor nerve fiber 交感舒血管神经纤维systole ** 收缩期systolic pressure ** 收缩压Ttetrodotoxin, TTX 河豚毒thoroughfare channel ** 直捷通路tonus ** 紧张transient outward current * 一过性外向电流transmural pressure * 跨壁压turbulent flow 湍流true capillary 真毛细血管Vvascular system 血管系统vasoconstrictor nerve fiber ** 缩血管神经纤维vasodilator never fiber * 舒血管神经纤维vasomotion * 血管舒缩活动vasomotor nerve fiber 血管运动神经纤维vasopressin, VP ** 血管升压素velocity of blood flow ** 血流速度ventricular compliance * 心室顺应性ventricular function curve ** 心室功能曲线volume conductor 容积导体volume receptor ** 容量感受器WWindkessel vessel ** 弹性储器血管第5章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aabdominal breathing** 腹式呼吸abdominal muscle 腹肌airway 气道airway resistance** 气道阻力alveolar dead space** 肺泡无效腔alveolar ventilation** 肺泡通气 ; 肺泡通气量alveolus （复 alveoli ）肺泡anatomical dead space** 解剖无效腔aortic body 主动脉体apnea 呼吸暂停 ; 窒息apneusis 长吸式呼吸area of respiratory membrane 呼吸膜面积arterial blood 动脉血液artificial respiration 人工呼吸Bbaroreceptor 压力感受器bicarbonate ion 碳酸氢根离子Biot breathing 比奥呼吸body position 体位Bohr effect* 波尔效应breathing 呼吸的bronchial 支气管的bronchiole; bronchiolus 细支气管bronchus （复 bronchi ）支气管Ccarbaminohemoglobin* 氨基甲酰血红蛋白carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon dioxide dissociation curve* CO2解离曲线carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase* 碳酸酐酶carotid body* 颈动脉体central chemoreceptor ** 中枢化学感受器chemoreceptive reflex** 化学感受性反射chemoreceptor** 化学感受器Cheyne-Stokes breathing 陈 - 施呼吸chloride shift Cl - 转移compliance* 顺应性compliance of chest wall 胸廓的顺应性compliance of lung 肺的顺应性cough reflex * 咳嗽反射cross-sectional area 横截面积cyanosis 紫绀Ddead space* 无效腔deep breathing 深呼吸defensive reflex 防御反射diaphragm 膈肌diffusion 扩散diffusing capacity of lung* 肺扩散容量diffusion coefficient 扩散系数diffusion rate 扩散速率dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline*二棕榈酰卵磷脂2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3 - 二磷酸甘油酸distensibility 可扩张性dorsal respiratory group 背侧呼吸组driving force 驱动力dyspnea* 呼吸困难Eelastic resistance* 弹性阻力emphysema; pneumonectasis 肺气肿eupnea** 平静呼吸exhalation 呼出 ; 呼出物 ; 呼气exhale 呼出 ; 呼气expiration** 呼气expiratory movement 呼气运动expiratory muscle 呼气肌expiratory neuron 呼气神经元expiratory reserve volume** 补呼气量expiratory-inspiratory phase spanning neuron呼气 - 吸气跨时相神经元expired air 呼出气external environment 外环境external intercostals muscle 肋间外肌external respiration 外呼吸Ffibrosis 纤维化forced breathing* 用力呼吸forced expiratory volume** 用力呼气量forced vital capacity* 用力肺活量functional residual capacity**功能余气量 ; 功能残气量Ggas diffusion* 气体扩散gas exchange* 气体交换gas exchange in lungs* 肺换气gas exchange in tissues* 组织换气gas partial pressure* 气体分压gasping 喘息样呼吸gasping center 喘息中枢HHaldane effect* 何尔登效应hemoglobin 血红蛋白Herin g-Breuer reflex* 黑 - 伯反射hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度hypercapnia 高碳酸血hyperventilation 通气过度hypocapnia 低碳酸血hypoventilation 通气不足hypoxemia 低氧血hypoxia 缺氧 ; 低氧hysteresis 滞后现象Iinelastic resistance* 非弹性阻力inertial resistance* 惯性阻力inhalation 吸入（法） ; 吸入剂inhale 吸入 ; 吸气inspiration** 吸气inspiratory capacity** 深吸气量inspiratory movement 吸气运动inspiratory muscle 吸气肌inspiratory neuron 吸气神经元inspiratory reserve volume ** 补吸气量inspiratory-expiratory phase spanning neuron 吸气 -呼气跨时相神经元inspired air 吸入气interface between liquid and gas 液 - 气界面internal intercostals muscle 肋间内肌internal respiration* 内呼吸intrapleural pressure** 胸膜腔内压intrapulmonary pressure** 肺内压Jjuxtacapillary receptor 毛细血管旁感受器Llung 肺Mmaximal voluntary ventilation* 最大随意通气量maximum expiratory flow volume , MEFV *最大呼气流速 - 容积medulla 延髓metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒minute ventilation （ volume ） **每分钟肺通气量Nneonatal respiratory distress syndrome新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征Oobstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足oxidation 氧化oxygen 氧oxygen capacity of blood* 血液氧容量oxygen capacity of Hb** Hb 氧容量oxygen content of blood* 血液氧含量oxygen content of Hb** Hb 氧含量oxygen dissociation curve** 氧解离曲线oxygen saturation of blood* 血液氧饱和度oxygen saturation of Hb** Hb 氧饱和度oxygenation 氧合oxyhemoglobin * 氧合血红蛋白Ppartial pressure 分压partial pressure of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳分压partial pressure of oxygen 氧分压p eripheral chemoreceptor * 外周化学感受器phrenic nerve 膈神经physiological dead space* 生理无效腔pleural cavity 胸膜腔pneumotaxic center* 呼吸调整中枢pneumothorax* 气胸pons 脑桥pontine respiratory group 脑桥呼吸组pre-B tzinger complex 前包钦格复合体pulmonary capacity* 肺容量pulmonary capillary 肺毛细血管pulmonary deflation reflex 肺萎陷反射pulmonary inflation reflex 肺扩张反射pulmonary stretch reflex ** 肺牵张反射pulmonary surfactant** 肺表面活性物质pulmonary ventilation** 肺通气 ; 肺通气量pulmonary volume* 肺容积Rresidual volume** 余气量 ; 残气量respiration; breath; breathe** 呼吸respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒respiratory bronchiole; alveolar bronchiole 呼吸性细支气管respiratory center* 呼吸中枢respiratory membrane* 呼吸膜respiratory movement* 呼吸运动respiratory muscle 呼吸肌respiratory neuron 呼吸神经元respiratory rhythm; breathing rhythm* 呼吸节律respiratory tract 呼吸道respiratory-related neuron 呼吸相关神经元restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足Ssneeze reflex* 喷嚏反射specific compliance** 比顺应性static compliance* 静态顺应性surface tension 表面张力surfactant** 表面活性物质surfactant-associated protein 表面活性物质结合蛋白Ttension 张力terminal bronchiole 终末细支气管thickness of respiratory membrane 呼吸膜厚度thoracic breathing* 胸式呼吸thorax 胸 ; 胸廓tidal volume** 潮气量timed vital capacity* 时间肺活量total lung capacity** 肺总量transmural pressure* 跨壁压transport of gas* 气体运输transpulmonary pressure* 跨肺压Vvenous blood 静脉血液ventilation volume* 肺通气量ventilation/perfusion ratio** 通气 / 血流比值ventral respiratory group 腹侧呼吸组viscous resistance* 粘滞阻力vital capacity** 肺活量Wwork of breathing* 呼吸功第6章英文专业词汇（英汉对照）Aabsorption * * 吸收acetylcholine, ACh** 乙酰胆碱adaptive cytoprotection 适应性细胞保护作用adenosine* 腺苷amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation* APUD 细胞apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白atropine 阿托品A uerbach plexus * 欧氏神经丛Bbasic electrical rhythm, BER * * 基本电节律basic secretion* 基础分泌bile ** 胆汁bile pigments 胆色素bile salt ** 胆盐bombesin ** 蛙皮素bradykinin 缓激肽brain-gut peptide* 脑 - 肠肽Brunner gland 十二指肠腺bulbogastrone * 球抑胃素Ccalcium-binding protein, CaBP 钙结合蛋白CCK-releasing peptide, CCK-RP C CK 释放肽cephalic phase* 头期chemical digestion* 化学性消化cholecystokinin, CCK * * 缩胆囊素cholesterol 胆固醇chylomicron * 乳糜微粒chime 食糜chymotrypsin ** 糜蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen * 糜蛋白酶原cimetidine 西咪替丁colipase * 辅脂酶countercurrent exchange mechanism 逆流交换机制cytoprotection* 细胞保护Ddefecation reflex * * 排便反射deglutition 吞咽digestion * * 消化direct cytoprotection 直接细胞保护作用Eelectrogenic sodium pump 生电性钠泵endocrine 内分泌enkephalin 脑啡肽enteric nervous system * 肠神经系统enterochromaffin-like cell, ECL cell 肠嗜铬样细胞entero-gastric reflex * * 肠 - 胃反射enterogastrone ** 肠抑胃素enterohepatic circulation of bile salt **胆盐的肠 - 肝循环enterokinase * * 肠激酶 ; 肠致活酶entero-oxyntin * 肠泌酸素epidermal growth factor, EGF 表皮生长因子extrinsic nervous system * 外来神经系统Ffast wave 快波ferritin 铁蛋白Ggap junction 缝隙连接gastric acid 胃酸gastric emptying * * 胃的排空gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GIP * * 抑胃肽gastric juice** 胃液gastric mucosal barrier* 胃黏膜屏障gastric phase* 胃期gastrin * * 胃泌素gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP ** 胃泌素释放肽gastrointestinal hormone * * 胃肠激素gastrointestinal peptides 胃肠肽glucagons 胰高血糖素gut brain 肠脑Hhelichobacter pylori, Hp 幽门螺杆菌histamine ** 组胺hydrochloric acid, HCl ** 盐酸Iinterstitial Cajal cell, ICC* Cajal 间质细胞intestinal juice; succus entericus 小肠液intestinal phase* 肠期intrinsic factor* 内因子intrinsic nervous system * 内在神经系统LLieberkuhn crypt 小肠腺lower esophageal sphincter, LES* 食管下括约肌Mmass peristalsis* 集团蠕动mastication 咀嚼mechanical digestion* 机械性消化meisser plexus * 麦氏神经丛micelle * 微胶粒microvillus 微绒毛migrating motor complex, MMC* 移行性复合运动mixed micelle * 混合微胶粒mucus * 黏液。