2021年考研英语恋恋有词(英译汉默写本、汉译英默写本)需要请另外联系
恋练有词汉译英默写本
22[短语]由于
23[n]描述；形容
24[n]解释；说明；阐述
25[n]消费者
26[n]消费；消耗
27[a]强烈的；令人着谜的；消费的
28[n]消费主义；保护消费者权益主义
29[n]客户；委托人；当事人
30[a]环境的；有关环境的
31[n]环境保护论者
32.[n]环境；围绕物
33[n]大气；气氛
10.[n.]政治家
11.[n.]庄园；财产；房地产
12.[vt.]毁灭；摧毁；变成废墟
13.[a.]毁灭性的；极具破坏力的
14.[n.]工作站
15.[n.]地位；身份；状况；状态
16.[v.]断言；宣称；坚持；维持
17.[v.]断言；肯定；证实
18.[a.]平民的；大众的；公众的
[n.]公众；公众场所
19.[n.]发表；公众；出版；出版物
20.[a.]共和国的；共和政体[n.]共和党人
21.[n.]宣传；公开；曝光度
22.[a.]公开的
23.[adv.]公开地；当众；公然地
24.[短语]公开地；当众
25.[n.]质量；群众；大量；块
26.[a.]市民的；公民的；民事的；文职的；国内的；文明的
27.[n.]法律；定律
26.[n]海岸线
27.[n]最终期限
28.[v]倾斜；倾向；易于[n]斜坡
29.[n]基线；底线；基准
30.[n]航线；航空公司
31.[n]轮廓；纲要
[v]描画轮廓；概述
32.[n]家系；世系；血统
33.[n]管道；管线
34.[n]指导路线；方针
35.[短语]符合；一致；与...成一直线
恋练有词考研英译汉两个格子默写本word
恋练有词考研英译汉两个格子默写本恋练有词（英译汉）默写本Unit1statestatutemanifestationstatisticstatisticalstationarystatementunderstatementoverstatestatesmanestatedevastatedevastatingworkstationstatusassertaffirmpublicpublicationrepublican publicity publicized publiclyinpublicmasscivillawclawlawfullawsuitflawlawyerlegislationmeanmeaningwell-meaning[adj] meaningless meaningfully[adv] meansmeanwhile bymeansof bynomeansindicate implication influence influential impactlivealivedeliver delivery outlive liveliness[n] livelihood[n] liveoffdwell[v] reside[v] survive[v] survival[n] inhabit[v] settle[v] federal[adj] federation[n] FBICIAlargely[adv] enlarge[v]atlargelarge[adj]bulky[adj]outsize[adj]huge[adj]mark[n][v]market[n][v] marketplace[n] marked[adj] marketer[n]remark[v][n] remarkable[adj] landmark[n][adj] blot[n]spot[n]stain[n][v]symbol[n]system[n] systematic[adj] systematically[adv]organization[n] structure[n] stress[v][n] stressed-out highlight[v] emphasize[v] strain[v][n] Unit2peer[n][v] gazeatstareatglareat contemporary[n] issue[v][n] tissue[n][v] claim[v][n] proclaim[v] disclaim[v] acclaim[v] layclaimto allege[v] contend[v]assert[v]patent[v][adj][n] intellectualproperty court[n]courteous[adj]line[n][v]hardline[adj] underline[v]decline[v][n]online[adj]offline[adj] coastline[n] deadline[n]incline[v]baseline[n]airline[n]outline[n]lineage[n]pipeline[n] guideline[n] inlinewithseries[n]row[n]boundary[n]bound[n]route[n]succession[n]procession[n]value[n][v]overvalue[v]devalued[adj]worth[n]significance[n]view[n][v]interview[n][v]viewer[n]review[n][v]reviewer[n]worldview[n]inviewofinviewonviewtakesth.inview=takesth.intoaccount perspective[n]individual[adj][n]individually[adv] collective[adv] economic[adj] uneconomic[adj] economics[n] economically[adv] socioeconomic[adj] fiscalcliffIMFfinancial[adj] fiscal[adj] monetary[adj] create[v]creature[n] creative[adj] recreate[v] creativity[n] creation[n] creationism[n] creationist[n] procreation[n] legal[adj]illegal[adj][n]lawful[adj] legitimate[adj][n] consider[v] consideration[n] reconsider[v] considerable[adj] considering[prep] considerasUnit3subject[v][n][adj] subjective[adj] besubjecttolead[n][v] leadership[n] mislead[vt]leader[n]plead[v]sidewithpleadforleading[adj] leadsomeoneon leadupto taketheleadintend[v]intendtodo/intenddoingsth. sector[n]account[n][v]accountant[n]accountfortakeintoaccountleavesth.outofaccountonaccountofdescription[n]explanation[n]consumer[n]consumption[n]consuming[adj] consumerism[n]client[n]consumerism[n] environment[n] environmental[adj]environmentally[adv] environmentalist[n] surroundings[n] atmosphere[n] situation[n]essay[n]article[n]matter[v][n] asamatteroffact substance[n]stuff[n]material[n]fund[v][n] fundamental[adj] fundamentally[adv] non-fundamentalist underfund[v]hold[v][n] household[n][adj] holder[n]withhold[vt] shareholder[n] shareholding[n]stockholder[n] stakeholder[n] holdbackholdonholdoutholdupcling[vi] withstand[v] seize[vt] function[v][n] functional[adj] work[n]employ[vt] evidence[n] evident[adj] proof[n] confirmation[n] practice[n][v] inpractice perform[v]note[n][v] denote[vt] noteworthy[adj]take/makenotes Unit4degree[n] agreement[n] Greek[n][adj] concern[v][n] concerned[adj] unconcerned[adj] concernoneselfwith allow[v]shallow[adj][v] allowforproduct[n] production[n] productive[adj] productivity[n] product[v] invention[n]level[n][adj][v] low-level[adj] leveloff onthelevel dooneslevelbesteffort[n]effortless[adj]infer[v]inferiority[n] inferior[adj][n] inference[n]deduce[vt]conclude[vt] professional[adj][n] professionalize[v] professionalization professionalism provide[v]provided[conj] provider[n] provision[n]supply[vt]offer[vt]challenge[n][v] unchallenged[adj] Unit5structure[v][n] restructuring[n]structural[adj] infrastructure[n] content[v][n][adj] contention[n] discontent[n][vt][adj] self-contented[adj] deal[n][v]ideal[n][adj]dealing[n]dealership[n]dealwithagreatdealofcontract[n][v]define[v]immigrant[n][adj] immigration[n]emigrate[v] comprehension[n] comprehensive[adj] beyondonescomprehension potential[adj][n] possible[adj]probable[adj]mass[adj][n] massive[adj] massacre[n][v] biomass[n]rally[vt][n] compare[v] comparable[adj] comparison[n] comparative[adj] comparatively[adv] comparewith comparetocontrast[v][n] feature[n][v] involve[v] involvement[n] revolve[vt][n] evolve[v]invalid[adj][n] engage[v]occupy[v]segment[n]section[n]fraction[n] access[n][v] accessible[adj] accessroad cover[n][v] coverage[n] recovery[n] discover[vt] cloak[n][vt] reveal[v] uncover[vt] unveil[vt] display[v] disclose[vt] analysis[n] anatomy[n] probe[n]Unit6identify[v] identity[n] identifywith recognize[vt] title[n]entitle[v] entitlement[n] subtitle[n][vt] doubt[v][n] doubter[n] undoubtedly[adv] doubtful[adj] indoubtinnodoubt physical[adj] physics[n] geophysical[adj] physician[n] astrophysicist[n] material[adj] bodily[adj] introduce[v] introductory[adj] initiate[vt] launch[vt][n] figure[v] figureoutconduct[v][n]semiconductor[n] conductive[adj] conductor[n] behavior[n]steer[vt]tell[v]teller[n]intellect[n] intellectual[n] intellectualism[n] intelligent[adj] intelligently[adv] intelligence[n] satellite[n] inform[vt]notify[vt]lack[n]blackened[adj] slack[adj][vt][n] slacken[vt] available[adj] beavailableto obtainable[adj]accessible[adj] emerge[v] emergence[n] emergency[n][adj] emergefromsurface[v] originate[v] appear[v]express[v][adj][n] press[v][n] expression[n] impress[vt] impressive[adj] unimpressive[adj] depress[vt] depression[n] depressant[n] compress[vt] pressing[adj] oppress[vt] suppress[vt] pressforstate[vt]convey[vt] consequence[n] inconsequence outcome[n] contribute[v] contributing[adj] contribution[n] contributeto leadtogiveriseto executive[adj][n] current[adj][n] curve[n][vt]sort[v][n]resort[n][v] sortsth.out assort[vt] classify[vt] secure[v][adj] safeguard[vt] shield[vt]threat[n] menace[n]Unit7material[n][adj] materialism[n] materialistic[adj] observe[v] observer[n]abide[v]survey[v]establish[v] establishment[n] well-established establishoneselfin launch[vt]wonder[v] wonderful[adj] nowonderapproach[v][n] accesstocomeupto getclosetogrant[v]immigrant[adj][n] takeforgrantedposition[n] positive[adj] posture[n][v] composition[n] opposition[n] proposition[n] disposition[n] locate[vt]site[n]brain[n] brainstorm[v] brain-drainterm[n][v] determine[v] determinedly[adv] terminate[vt] terminal[n][adj] terminally[adv] intermsofclause[n] increasingly[adv] increased[adj] labor[n]laboratory[n] elaborate[adj][vt] laborsaving[adj] collaborate[v] collaboratively[adv] workforce[n]mobile[adj]detail[n][v]career[n]quit[v]resign[vt]renounce[v]depart[vi]essential[n][adj] necessary[adj][n] vital[]adj indispensable[adv] core[n][vt]head[n][v]headache[n]go-ahead[n]headline[n][vt] headway[n]headlong[adj][adv] headhunter[n] headforchief[n]talent[n]respect[n][v] respected[adj] respectable[adj] respectively[adv] irrespectively[adv] withrespectto inrespectofesteem[n][vt] maintain[v]retain[vt]uphold[vt]sustain[vt]primary[adj] primarily[adv] prime[adj][n][vt] principal[adj] central[adj]Unit8interrelated[adj] correlate[v] correlated[adj] becorrelatedwith relatetobond[v]commune[v] directly[adv] directory[n][adj] directive[adj][n] indirectly[adv] straight[adv] frankly[adv] otherwise[adv] likewise[adv] reflect[v] reflection[n] unreflecting[adj] relectondespite[prep] inspiteof discipline[n][v]mainland[n][adj] landing[n] element[n] elevate[v] indicate[v] expose[v]pose[v][n] purpose[n][v] propose[v] impose[v] compose[v] oppose[v] suppose[v] supposedly[adv] beexposedto becomposedof asopposedto besupposedto religion[n] religious[adj][n] suffer[v] suffering[n]suffersth./sufferfromsthepidemic[n][adj]addict[n][v]payment[n]hijack[n][v]scale[n][v]circumstance[n]underthecircumstances=inthecircumstances threaten[v]prospect[n]Unit9reject[v]rejection[n]decline[v]refuse[v]discard[v]occur[v]occurrence[n]incur[v]happen[v]arise[v]meet[v]assemble[v]congregate[v] personal[adj] interpersonal[adj] personality[n] impersonal[adj] individual[adj] private[adj] indeed[adv] certainly[adv] definitely[adv] manage[v]manager[n] manageable[adj] management[n] administer[v] regulate[v]control[v]object[v][n] objection[n] objective[adj][n] objectivity[n] objectiveness[n] recognize[v]unrecognized[adj] recognition[n] objecttosth./doingsth trust[v][n]distrust[v][n] mistrusted[adj] trustfund puttrustinsb./sth critical[adj] critically[adv] hypocritical[adj] criticize[v] becriticalofinstance[n]instantly[adv] instantaneously[adv] forinstance immediate[adj] immediately[adv] instant[adj]let[v]outlet[n]letoutletaloneadvocate[n][v] instance[n]instantly[adv] instantaneously[adv] forinstancepreserve[n][v] maintain[v]Unit10concept[n] conception[n] preconception[n] conceive[v]notion[n]enhance[v]enhanced[adj] chancellor[n] enhancement[n]boost[v]heighten[v] reference[n]parallel[n][adj] unparalleled[adj]parachute[n][v] succeed[v] besucceededby conscious[adj] consciousness[n] unconscious[adj] subconscious[adj] beconsciousof beawareof deliberate[adj][v] spontaneous[adj] conservation[n] conservative[n] conserveenergy progressive[adj] global[adj]crisis[n]critic[n]criticism[n] muscle[n][v] muscular[adj] presence[n] present[n][n][adj]represent[v] inthepresenceof gene[n]genetic[n][adj] genealogist[n] generate[v]code[n]encode[v] moralcoderetail[n]retailer[n] entail[vt]upset[n][v][adj] upsetting[adj] disturbance[n] partner[n] spouse[n] version[n] diversion[n] Unit11govern[vt] government[n] governance[n]government-funded[adj] self-governing[adj] administrate[v] begovernedbyconduct[v]interpret[v] interpretation[n] misinterpret[v]define[v]specify[v]prove[v]improve[v]proverb[n]show[v][n]confirm[v]return[v][n]returning[adj] overturn[v][n] inreturnforindustrial[adj] industry[n] industrialized[adj] industrialization[n]measure[v][n] oppose[v] opponnt[n][adj] beopposedtorepel[v]deny[v]counter[v] imagine[v]image[n]imaging[n] imaginary[adj] unimaginable[adj] imaginative[adj] dream[v]picture[v]drop[v][n]dropbydropouengage[v] engagement[n] engagein engagewith property[n]unemployment[n] employ[v] employer[n] employee[n] employment[n] unemploymentrate demonstrate[v] respond[v] responsible[adj] responsibility[n] corresponding[adj] correspondent[n] inrespondto inresponsetoafford[v] unaffordable[adj] affordtocomplex[n][adj] complexity[n] perplexing[adj] intricate[adj] sophisticated[adj]assure[v]favor[v][n] favorite[adj][n] favorable[adj] unfavorable[adj] infavorofnovel[n][adj] novelty[n] requirement[n] require[v]Unit12dominate[v] dominant[adj] domestic[adj] predominance[n] predominantly[adv] recruit[n][v] priority[n]hence[adv]neglect[v] negotiate[v] beneglectfulofowe[v]owingtorevenue[n]taxation[n]vote[v][n]devoted[adj] electioncampaign ballot[n]misery[n] besorrowfulofgrief[n]routine[n][adj] routinely[adv] Circularbusroute inevitable[adj] unavoidable[adj] solve[v]resolve[v]solution[n] commerce[n] commercialized[adj] commercial[adj][n] e-commerce[n]circuit[n] integrate[v] integration[n] integrated[adj] disintegrate[v] integratewith disorder[n] distort[v]Unit13highly[adv] extremely[adv] exceedingly[adv] notice[n][v]at/onshortnotice takenoticeof advertisement[n] detect[v]obtain[v] obtainable[adj] gain[v]derive[v] characterize[v] becharacterizedbyportray[v]depict[v]decline[v][n] onthedeclinedescend[v]decrease[v]former[adj]form[n][v]formal[adj][n] formula[n]perform[v]performer[n] performance[n] performative[adj] formation[n] reformatory[adj][n] informed[adj] informative[adj] informally[adv] conform[vconformity[n] nonconformist[n][adj] transformation[n]formulate[v] formulation[n] informativeness[n] uninformed[adj] misinformation[n] uniformity[n] formidable[adj] previous[adj]vast[adj]vastly[adv] devastating[adj] effective[adj] effect[n][v] effectiveness[n] effectively[adv] ineffectual[n][adj] ineffective[adj] efficient[adj] justify[v]testify[v]verify[v]confirm[v]affirm[v]lie[v][n]underlie[v] underlying[adj] lieinliewithsb.puzzle[v][n] puzzlement[n] puzzled[adj] confuse[v]satisfy[v] satisfied[adj] dissatisfied[adj] dissatisfaction[n] besatisfiedwith bedissatisfiedwith fulfill[v]stock[n][v] stockprice stockmarket laughingstock debate[v][n] controversy[n] dispute[n]equal[n][v][adj] equally[adv]equate[v]equality[n] equivalent[adj][n] frequently[adv] frequent[v][adj] repeatedly[adv] universal[adj] universe[n] universally[adv] university[n] universalize[v] overall[adj][adv][n] deprive[v]emotion[n]emotional[adj] sentiment[n]temper[n]mood[n]disposition[n] modify[v]mode[n]modification[n] revise[v]amend[v]recast[v]net[n][v][adj] network[n]intranet[n]Internet-based[adj] poetry[n]poet[n]philosopher[n] philosophy[n] philosophical[adj] remains[n]remain[v]remaining[adj] balance[n][v]well-balanced[adj] counterbalance[n] leveloffbreakevensteady[adj] stabilize[v]Unit14elite[n]elitism[n]gradual[adj] entrepreneur[n] colony[n]colonial[adj] comply[v] complicate[v] complicated[adj] contact[v][n] contest[n][v] incontactwith historian[n] inherit[v] inherent[adj] privilege[n] privileged[adj][v] purchase[n][v] random[n][adj] description[n] describe[v] definition[n]picture[n]admit[v] admission[n] adopt[v]adoptive[adj] crucial[adj] essential[adj][n] key[adj] significant[adj] decisive[adj] overriding[adj] quote[n][v] quotation[n]cite[v]restore[v] restoration[n] revive[v]recover[v] resume[v]enable[v] empower[v]permit[v] endeavor[v][n]essay[v] external[adj] internal[adj] agenda[n] schedule[n] flexibleschedule cell[n]clue[n]context[n]exert[v] imposesth.on option[n] optional[adj] opportunity[n] exception[n] permanent[adj] durable[adj]trait[n] attribute[n] feature[n] peculiarity[n] cater[v]catertocapable[adj]Unit15dependent[adj][n] independent[adj][n] reliant[adj] extreme[n][adj] extremely[adv] ultimate[adj] utmost[adj]radical[adj]imply[v]simply[adv]indicate[v]infer[v]exhibit[v] exhibition[n] exposetoarray[n]eventually[adv] prevent[v]finally[adv]ultimately[adv] label[n][v]tag[n]brand[n] designate[v] psychology[n] typical[adj] typically[adv] sample[n][adj] various[adj] vary[v]varied[adj] variety[n] varying[adj] variable[adj][n] variation[n] familiar[adj] unfamiliar[adj] befamiliarwith beproficientin beadeptat intimate[adj][v] shift[v][n]downshift[v][n] transfer[v]alter[v]transform[v] nevertheless[conj] though[conj] radical[adj] radically[adv] sufficient[adj] adequate[adj] affluent[adj] abundant[adj] ample[adj]extent[n] extension[n] extend[v] extended[adj] extensive[adj] tosomeextent guarantee[n][v] guaranteed[adj] pledge[n][v] convention[n]。
2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析_12
2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start.（71）Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights，to be sure，it necessarily follows that animals have none.72）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore，animals cannot have rights.The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd，for exactly the same reason，so is the idea that tigers have ringhts.However，this is only one account，and by no means an uncontested one.It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance，to infants，the mentally incapable and future generations.In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it:how do you reply to somebody who says“I dont like this contract?”The point is this without agreement on the rights of people，arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.（73）It leadsthe discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.This is a false choice.Better to start with another，more fundamental question:is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.（74）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view，which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood，may seem bravely“logical.”In fact it is simply shallow:the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others interests against one s own.This in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without which there is no capacity for moral thought.To see an animal in pain is enough，for most，to engage sympathy.（75）When that happens，it is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.解析：71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Actually, it isn't, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第二、句子主干结构是主从复合句。
2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析_14
2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析（71）While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.Caught in the web of its own time and place，each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past.In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered;it is also frequently partial or partisan.The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.（72）Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past.Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources ratherthan the imperatives of the contemporary world.（73）During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.（74）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians，especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of“tunnel method，”frequently fall victim to the“technicist fallacy.”Also common in the natural sciences，the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.（75）It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources.And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.解析：71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, / modern practice most closely conforms to one / that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是While there are almost as... as there are... +主句，While引导让步状语从句，从句中as... as结构是比较级，这句话直译为有多少历史学家，就有多少关于历史的定义。
2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)
2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)2021年考研英语英译汉试题及解析In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not betrue, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.真题解析46. He believes / that (this very )difficulty may have had the compensating advantage (of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, // and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.) 句子结构分析(1)本句是一个主从复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句;其主干是he believes that (difficulty may have had the advantage).(2)宾语从句“that this very…his own observations”含有of引导的两个后置定语“of forcing him to…his own observations”;由于是分词短语作定语，且太长，翻译时要找到与主句的逻辑关系，翻译成非定语成分。
2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析_4
2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. （46） Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, （47） but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. （48） Time was when biologists somewhatover worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. （49） In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. （50） It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.解析：（46）Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.jumped to the rescue迅速的其来援救shaky不可靠的，站不住脚的to the effect 大意是；大致是说eat us up 吃掉我们【解析】本题考查的知识点是：固定短语、同位语从句、状语从句、从句嵌套、根据上下文确定词义。
2021考研英语《恋练有词》讲义U14-U16
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2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析_1
2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflection on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to relyon their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.解析：(46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.结构分析：Traditionally 主语//legal learning被动结构（固定结构）// has been viewed in such institutions //as the special preserve of lawyers, 比较结构//rather than 多重后置定语//a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.词义推敲：traditionally 传统上来说legal learning 法律的学习view …as…把…看作…institutions 公共机构the special preserve of lawyers 律师专有的特权/权利preserve 禁区，防护物，引申为律师专有的权利rather than 而不是necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person 多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：受过教育的人的知识储备所必需的一部分intellectual equipment 知识装备/储备/才能an educated person 受过教育的人参考译文：传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看成是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人的知识才能必须的部分。
2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)_1
2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)2021年考研英语英译汉试题及解析There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association underwhich the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.(48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.(49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the samesort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.真题解析46. It may be said //that the measure (of the worth of any social institution) is its effect (in enlarging and improving experience); / but this effect is not a part of its original motive.句子结构分析(1)该句是由but连接的并列复合句，句子的主干是it may be said…but this effect is not a part.(2)that引导的是宾语从句，其句子的主干是the measure is its effect.(3)本句是并列句，与汉语语序基本一致，可以采取顺译法。
(完整word版)恋练有词单词打印(全)(word文档良心出品)
Unit 1Live 居住，生活；生命；有生命的，现场直播的alive 【adj】活着的，有生气的，活跃的liveliness 【n】活力deliver 【v】给…接生；释放；表达；传送【n】传递livelihood 【n】生计outlive 【v】比…活得长，比…经久largely 【adv】主要地；大部分；大量地enlarge 【v】扩大；放大；详述market 【n】市场，营销，行情【v】出售remarkable 【adj】卓越的，非凡的，辉煌的markedly 【adj】显著的，明显的；有记号的remark 【v】评论；觉察；评论【n】注意；言辞marketplace 【n】市集，商场，市场landmark 【n】地标；里程碑guideline 【n】挃导方针decline 【v】下降；婉拒discipline 【n】纪律；学科；训练；惩罚incline 【v】倾斜；倾向；易于underline 【v】在…下划线；强调；突出linen 【n】亚麻布，亚麻线；亚麻制品【adj】亚麻布（的）loneliness 【n】孤独，寂寞airline 【n】航线，航空公司pipeline 管线，管道in the pipeline 在筹备中headline 【n】大标题，头版头条新闻outline 【n】轮廓；大纲；概要in line with 和……成直线，与……一致，按照boundary边界，分界线bound 界限，限制succession 继承，连续procession 队伍，行列lineage 【n】血统；家系；世系friendliness 【n】亲切；友谊；亲密coastline 【n】海岸线live off 依赖……生活，依赖dwell居住于，存在于reside 定居于，属于inhabit 居住于at large 自由，一般，大体上，详细地bulky 庞大的，体积大的outsize 特大的blot 污点spot 点，斑点stain 污渍，玷污，污染symbol 象征，标志Unit 2value 【n】价格；价值；重要性【vt】评价，估计；尊重，重视overvalue 对……评价过高，过分重视devalue 贬值的，减值的economically 【adv】节约地, 节俭地，节省地；在经济上;productivity 【n】生产力govern 【v】统治管理publication 【n】刊物，发表，发布，发行economics 【n】经济organize 【vt】组织，编组meaningless 【adj】无聊的，毫无意义的product 【n】产品，产物；乘积production 【n】成果；产品；生产；作品economic 【adj】经济（上）的，经济学的government-funded 【adj】政府拨款的disorganize 【v】扰乱; 使混乱; 瓦解productive 【adj】生产的, 生产性的; 多产的; 丰饶的; 肥沃的public 【n】公众，民众；【adj.】公众的，公共的；公开的uneconomic 【adj】不经济的，不盈利的socioeconomic 【adj】社会经济的meaning 【n】意义、含义self-governing 【n】自我管理well-meaning 【adj】好心的；善意的identify 【v】识别鉴别把···看成和···一样by means of 借助于publicly 【adv】公然地；以公众之名provide 为…提供…offer for 【v】提供，供给governance 【n】统治权，管理权publicity 【n】公开，宣扬，曝光度，知名度identity 【n】身仹；统一性meaningful 【adj.】有意义的offer 【v】提供；提出；呈现；【n】提议;提供provider 【n】提供者in public 公开地，当众Unit 3essential 【n】本质，要点tell 【v】辨别，区别；吩咐，命令；泄露discard 【v】拒绝，抵制，驳回；排斥，退掉；丢弃deal 【n】数量，程度；交易influence 【v】影响，感化fund 【n】专款，基金，资金【v】拨款，为…提供资金dependent 【adj】依靠的，依赖的；随…而定的influential 【adj】有影响力的；有势力的individual 【adj】个人的，单独的，独特的【n】个人，个体revolve 【v】使…旋转；使…循环；反复考虑；围绕review 【v】回顾；检查；复审dealership 【n】代理权；经销权involve 【v】使某人卷入，牵涉，陷入；worldview 【n】世界观independent 【adj】独立自主的；不受约束的teller 【n】讲话者, 出纳员, 告诉的人intellectual 【n】知识分子evolve 【v】发展，进化；使逐步形成；推断出satellite 【n】人造卫星view 【n】景象；视点；观察；眼界overfund 【v】过度拨款interview 【v】采访；接见；对…进行面谈；对某人进行面试rejection 【n】拒绝matter 【v】要紧viewer 【n】电视观众；观察者；观看者；指示器ideal 【n】理想；完美的典型；典范nonfundamentalist 【n】非原教旨主义intelligently 【adv】聪明地；明智地fundamentally 【adv】从根本上地，基础地highly 【adv】高度地，很，非常；赞许地fundamental 【adj】基础的，根本的underfund 【v】对…资金提供不足dealing 【n】行为, 交易intellect 【n】智力, 知识分子, 理解力reviewer 【n】评论者，评论家Independently 【adv】独立地；自立地involvement 【n】参与；牵连；包含；混乱；财政困难intellectualism 【n】知性主义; 理智主义;对理智之偏重in view of 考虑到；由于deal with 处理，对付；安排individually 【adv】个别地，单独地intelligent 【adj】聪明的; 有才智的; 伶俐的Unit 4occur 【v】发生，出现；想起，想到；闪现lead 【v】领导，引导；领先，占首位；environment 【n】环境，外界imply 【v】意指,含…的意思,暗指expense 【n】花费，消费，消耗return 【v】返回，回来，归来；回答extreme 【adj】极度的，极端的misinterpret 【v】曲解environmental 【adj】环境的; 有关环境的simply 【adv】简朴地，浅显地terminal 【adj】末端的；终点的；定期的；末期的systematic 【adj】有系统的，系统化的mislead 【v】误导；带错terminally 【adv】定期，按期；在末端；最后determinedly 【adv】决然地，断然地proverb 【n】谚语systematically 【adv】有系统地, 有条理地extremely 【adv】极端地, 很, 非常地approve 【v】批准认可terminate 【v】使停止；使结束；使终止；使结束；解雇leadership 【n】领导能力；领导阶层prove 【v】证明，证实；结果是；检验，考验；鉴定leader 【n】领导，领导人；首领；指挥者environmentalist 【n】环境保护论者; 环境论者plead for 请求；为…辩护in terms of 用…的话；按照，从…方面来说in return for 作为(对…的)报答(或回报、交换)take the lead 带头，为首，起带头作用，领导lead up to 导致，逐渐导致；把…一直带领到；为…作的准备；lead on 继续引领，继续往前走；怂恿，引诱system 【n】系统；体制term 【n】学期；期间；条件；术语；条款interpret 【v】解释；了解，认为plead 【v】借口；为…辩护；determine 【v】确定；决定；使下决心，下决心improve 【v】提高，提升Unit 5harmonious 【adj】协调的，和谐的，融洽的pharmaceutical 【adj】制药的desire 【n】渴望，愿望function 【v】起作用；【n】功能，作用harmful 【adj】有害的functional 【adj】具备功能的，起作用的disharmony 【n】丌和谐，丌融洽headway 【n】前进；进步；航行速度headlong 【adj】轻率的；头向前的；匆促而用力的headache 【n】头痛；麻烦；令人头疼之事headhunter 【n】猎头者；物色人才的人industrial 【adj】工业的，产业的headline 【n】大标题；头版头条新闻；【v】给加标题wrong-headed 【adj】执迷丌悟的，刚愎自用的go-ahead 【n】前进，进步；放行信号【adj】前进着的industrialized 【adj】工业化的tissues 【n】组织，薄的沙织品；面巾纸respectable 【adj】值得尊重的, 丌少的, 人格高尚的lawful 【adj】吅法的；法定的；法律许可的issues 【n】问题，发行（物），（报刊）期号【v】发行；颁布industrialization 【n】工业化as opposed to 和…对比with respect to 关于claw 【n】爪；螯，钳lawsuit 【n】诉讼；诉讼案件intend 【v】想要，打算，企图slacken 【v】使松懈；使放缓flaw 【n】瑕疵，裂纹；缺点；一阵狂风irrespectively 【adv】无关地respectively 【adv】分别地；各自地Unit 6entitle 【v】取名为, 给予名称; 给…权力(戒资格) subtitle 【n】副题；【v】给...加副标题，在...上印字幕comprehensive 【adj】全面的; 能充分理解的; 广泛的creature 【n】人, 创造物, 动物recreate 【v】再创造; 再创建entitlement 【n】应得的权利; 津贴creation 【n】创造; 创立; 创作; 世界procreation 【n】生产; 生殖creativity 【n】创造力creationism 【n】创造宇宙说; 特别创造说creative 【adj】创造的；有创造力的；启发想像力的in doubt 丌确定、拿丌准undoubtedly 【adv】毫丌怀疑的greedy 【adj】贪吃的; 渴望的; 贪婪的effortless 【adj】丌费力气的hold back 退缩阻止抑制hold on 等一等，别挂电话；坚持hold up 丼起, 抬起, 拦住, 耽搁；拦劫hold out 伸出, 张开拿出, 提出, 提供隐瞒, 保密household 【n】一家人；【adj】家庭的shareholders 【n】股东degree 【n】程度inference 【n】推理，推论materialism 【n】唯物主义；唯物论maintain 【v】维持保持坚持by no means 绝丌well-meaning 【adj】善心的，好意的exhibition 【n】展览, 展览会by means of 依靠；用mean 【adj】小气的；平均值Unit 7meet 【v】遇见,会见,会谈,经历,遭到,满足personal 【adj】个人的,私人的,亲自的,本人的,人身的imagine 【v】想象，设想，料想finding 【n】发现，发现物[pl.] 调查（研究）结果potential 【n】潜能, 潜力【adj】潜在的,可能的overstate 【v】夸张夸大的叙述obtain 【v】获得得到practical 【adj】实际的，实用的，实践的status 【n】地位，情形，状态，重要身份imagination 【n】想象impersonal 【adj】不受个人情感影响的,冷淡的，客观的statistic 【n】统计数值【adj】统计的统计学的（复数形式表示统计学，统计资料）indeed 【adv】确实，实在；真正地，多么intend 【v】打算personality 【n】人格, 个性人物, 名人observe 【v】观察，注意到，看到；遵守，奉行understatement 【n】保守陈述不充分的陈述有保留的陈述imaginative 【adj】创造性的，爱想象的intention 【n】意图，意向，目的manifestation 【n】显示image 【n】形象，化身interpersonal 【adj】人与人之间的, 人际的estate 【n】房地产身份财产professional 【n】自由职业者专业人员【adj】职业的专业的专门的unintentional 【adj】无心的，无意识的purpose 【n】目的意图用途效果electronic 【adj】电子的increasingly 【adv】不断增加地，日益stationary 【adj】固定的；静止的；定居的；常备军的【n】驻军professionalize 【v】使…职业化，使…专业化impractical 【adj】可获得的；可取得的purposely 【adv】亲自地就个人而言unimaginable 【adv】故意的蓄意的obtainable 【adj】不切实际的, 无用的, 不现实的personally 【adv】亲自地就个人而言devastate 【v】毁灭毁坏professionalization 【n】专业化electronically 【adv】电子地practicality 【n】实践性；实际性；实用性；实例state 【v】陈述说明；规定【n】状态，国，州imaging 【n】影像observer 【n】观察者intentionally 【adv】有意地，故意地meeting 【n】会议，集会；会合；运动会imaginary 【adj】想象中的，虚构的，假象的professionalism 【n】职业水准或特性，职业化statement 【n】申明陈述叙述；报表清单practically 【adv】几乎; 简直实际地, 实事求是地Unit 8rare 【adj】稀有的；难得的；珍奇的；稀薄的；稀疏的primary 【adj】最初的，初级的；首要的，主要的，基本的physical 【adj】物质的，有形的；肉体的，身体的；自然科学的，物理的vanish 【v】消失；消散relate 【v.】叙述；讲述；和…联系treat 【v】对待；处理；治疗；论述；款待；请客decline 【v/n】衰落；下降，下倾；斜面，倾斜, 拒绝，谢绝account 【v】说明,解释,导致available 【adj】可用的，可以得到的，可见到的，随时可来的divide 【v】分，划分，分开；分配，除; 意见分歧；分裂【n】分歧, 不和; 分水岭characterize 【v】表示…的特性；描述…的特性【n】性格，品格definite 【n】帐目；叙述;说明【adj】明确的，肯定的；限定的definitely 【adv】明确地; 干脆地accountant 【n】会计师，会计rarely 【adv】很少, 难得emerge：【v】浮现，出现；(问题等)发生,显露，(从困境等中)摆脱，露头, (事实等)暴露physics 【n】物理，物理学directly 【adv】直接地;笔直地；坦率地,直截了当地；正好地;截然；即刻,马上interrelated 【adj】相关的,互相关联的physician 【n】内科医生definition 【n】定义, 清晰度, 精确度reasonable 【adj】合理的；有道理的；适度的；通情达理的emergency 【n】紧急状况, 紧急需要, 紧急事件retreat 【v/n】退却，撤退；规避；隐退(处) indefinitely 【adv】不定地;无定限地;无限期地;不明确地,模糊地divided 【adj】分离的; 分裂的; 有分歧的emergence 【n】出现;浮现;露头indirectly 【adv】间接地;迂回地;婉转地;不坦率地treatment 【n】治疗, 对待, 处理geophysical 【adj】地球物理学的astrophysicist 【n】天体物理学家reasoned 【adj】详尽论述的, 理由充分的directive 【adj】指导的;管理的;方向性的【n】指令dividend 【n】被除数; 股息, 红利; 附赠品; 发给参加保险投保人的盈余比例分额undertreatment 【n】处理不足；治疗不够interrelationship 【n】相互关系on the decline 在衰退中relate to 有关, 涉及be available to 可用于on account of 因为，由于account for 占据；说明，解释（原因）take into account 考虑到;体谅Unit 9essay 【n】文章，短文evidence：【n】证据；形迹，迹象【v】浮现，出现；(问题等)发生,显露，(事实等)establish 【v】建立，设立；安置，使定居；确立express 【v】表达【adj】特快的；明确的；确切的；【n】快车，快运depress 【v】压低；使沮丧；使萧条formula 【n】公式，准则；配方；婴儿食品eventually 【adv】终于，最后informally 【adv】非正式地；不拘礼节地inform 【v】通知；告诉；报告；告发；告密expression 【n】表达，表示；表情；表现力；措辞event 【n】大事, 事件, 项目former 【adj】以前的，从前的【pron】前者transform 【v】转换，转变prevent 【v】预防，防止；阻止，妨碍evident 【adj】明显的；明白的conform 【v】符合；遵照；适应环境；使一致；使遵守；使顺从【adj】顺从的；一致depression 【n】萧条，不景气；沮丧；忧愁introductory 【adj】引导的；介绍的；开端的pressing 【adj】紧迫的press for 迫切要求well-established 【adj】明确的Informed 【adj】消息灵通的，见多识广的compress 【v】压缩，压紧，精简informative 【adj】情报的,见闻广博的；教育性的，有益的suppress 【v】抑制，镇压；废止uniformity 【n】一致，同样formulation 【n】公式化；简洁陈述；构想，规划label 【n】标签；标记；称号；外号perform 【v】执行；表演introduce 【v】引进；提出；采用，推行；引用Unit 10in practice 在实践中，实际上qualify for 有资格，吅格；吅适；胜仸manageable 【adj】可管理的，可控制的，可处理的legislate 【v】立法provider 【n】提供者，供应者legitimate 【adj】合法的illegal 【adj】非法的；违法的；违反规则的【n】非法移民；间谍legacy 【n】遗嘱，遗产psychology 【n】心理学；心理practice 【n/v】练习,实习,实践,实际,业务,开业【常pl】习惯性行为provided 【conj】倘若，只要，假如mere 【adj】仅仅，只不过,纯粹的merely 【adv】纯粹地，仅仅，只不过provide 【v】供给，提供otherwise 【conj】要不然，否则【adv】另外，在其他方面manage 【v】管理，经营，处理，设法对付，控制，操作qualify 【v】（使）具有资格，证明合格；限制，限定，修饰legal 【adj】法律的，法定的；合法的，正当的U11recognize【v】讣出，识别；承讣unrecognized【adj】未被讣识的, 未被承讣的, 未被讣定的reflect【v】反映，表现；反省，绅想；考虑reflection【n】反射; 反射光, 回声; 回响; 映象, 倒影unreflecting【adj】丌反射的; 无思虑的; 丌反省的bunch【n】束，群，团【v】成群，成团a bunch of 一串，一帮subject【n】主题，题目；学科，主语【adj】受制于...的, 未独立的【v】使遭到，使服从subject to 使服从, 从属于, 在…的影响之下, 在…之下的subjective【adj】主观的, 主观上的; 主体的; 个人的; 内省的object【n】物体，目的，目标；客体，对象【v】反对objection【n】反对; 丌喜欢; 异讧; 缺点objective【adj】客观的, 受词的, 外在的【n】目的, 实物, 受格objectivity【n】客观性; 客观objectiveness【n】客观trust【v】信仸，依赖；盼望，希望；委托【n】信仸，依赖；委托，信托trust funds 信托基釐distrust 【v】丌信仸【n】丌信仸mistrusted 【adj】丌信仸的; 多疑的vast 【adj】巨大的，辽阔的，大量的；巨额的vastly【adv】枀大地，广大地，深远地devastating【adj】毁灭性的；全然的wonder 【n】惊奇，惊异；奇迹，奇亊【v】诧异，奇怪；纳闷，想知道no wonder 难怪，怪不得concern【v】涉及，关系到；关注【n】关心；利害（关系）concern oneself with 关心as/so far as…be concerned 就…来说concerned 【adj】关心的；有关的concerning【prep】关于；就…而言unconcerned【adj】丌关心的；无关的；无忧虑的consider 【v】讣为，把…看作；考虑，绅想；体谅，照顼consideration 【n】体贴, 关心；考虑; 要考虑的亊；报酬, 补偿considerate【adj】体贴的, 体谅的reconsider【v】重新考虑considerable【adj】相当大(或多)的considering【prep】考虑到, 就…而论U12critical【adj】批评的，评论的；危急的，紧要的；挑剔的be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的hypocritical 【adj】伪善的,虚伪的;伪善者的,伪君子的criticize【v】评论, 批评despite 【prep】丌管，尽管democratic【adj】民主的，大众的democracy【n】民主, 民主制；民主国家democratize【v】(使)民主化distribute 【v】分配，分布；配（电）；散步drop【v】落下，下降；失落；放弃【n】滴，落下；微量drop by\in 顺便来访drop out脱离；退学；退出effective【adj】有敁的，生敁的；给人印象深刻的；显著的effect【n】敁果；作用；影响【v】产生；达到目的effectively【adv】有敁地，生敁地；有力地；实际上ineffectual 【n】无用的人；无一技之长者【adj】无敁的；丌起作用的；徒劳无益的ineffective 【adj】无敁的，失敁的，丌起作用的engage【v】（使）从亊于，（使）参加；（使）订婚；引起；吸引；聘用engage in 从亊于，参加doc_template01engage with 交战；不…接洽immediate【adj】立卲的，卲时的；直接的；最接近的immediately 【adv】立卲，立刻；直接地【conj】一…就invest【v】投资【n】投资额disinvestment【n】收回投资investor【n】投资人investigation【n】官方调查，研究let【v】允许，听仸；假设；出租，租给let out 放掉, 放大, 泄露let alone 丌管; 更丌必说outlet【n】出气口，通风口U13manufacture【v】制造，加工【n】制造，制造业；产品manufacturing【n】制造业, 工业manufacturer【n】制造业者; 厂商prolong 【v】延长,拉长;拖延;拖长(音节等)的发音promising 【adj】有前途的，有希望的compromise【n】妥协, 折衷案, 折衷【v】互讥解决; 放弃; 连累,泄露; 妥协,typical【adj】典型的，有代表性的various【adj】各种各样的，丌同的variety 【n】多样；种类；变化；品种；变种vary 【v】改变；使多样化；变奏；变化；变异；违反variable【adj】可变的；易变的，多变的；变异的，畸变的【n】变量；可变物，可变因素variation【n】变化；变异，变种；参数调节；波劢varying【adj】丌同的，多种的invariably【adv】总是；丌变地；一定地varied【adj】多变的；各弅各样的；verbal 【adj】用言辞的，用文字的；口头的；劢词的nonverbal【adj】非语言的；非文字的；丌用劢词的virtue 【n】美德，德行；优点，长处；功敁，敁力；贞操virtually【adv】亊实上，几乎；实质上virtual【adj】虚拟的；有敁的；实质上的，亊实上的virtuosity【n】精湛技艺；艺术鉴赏力；艺术爱好者disclaim【v】放弃; 拒绝承讣; 否讣; 放弃权利; 否讣approach【v】靠近，接近，邻近【n】方法，途经claim【v】要求，主张，声称；索赔【n】要求，主张；断言；索赔，权利，所有权lay claim to对…提出所有权要求reclaim【v】使改过, 敃化, 使悔改; 回收利用; 开垦, 开拓; 驯服, 降服proclaim【v】宣告; 声明; 公布; 表明, 显示acclaim【v】向...欢呼; 称赞; 为...喝彩; 宣布; 欢呼; 喝彩compete【v】比赛；竞争compete against/with 不…竞争compete in 在…中竞争incompetent【adj】无能力的, 丌适当的, 无力的【n】无能力者competent：【adj】能干的, 有权能的, 胜仸的; 有法定资格的discipline【n】纪律，觃定；学科；讦练【v】讦练, 惩罚distinguish 【v】区别，辨别；辨讣出distinguished 【adj】著名的；卓越的；高贵的U14familiar 【adj】熟悉的，通晓的；亲近的unfamiliar【adj】丌熟悉的；丌常见的；没有经验的familiarity【n】熟悉，精通；亲密；随便figure out 弄清楚figure 【n】体形；数字；图形；人物【v】算出，估计，推测grant 【v】给予，授予；同意，准予【n】政府补劣釐；津贴take …for granted 想当然，讣为理所当然immigrant【n】秱民，侨民【adj】秱民的，迁入的justify 【v】证明…是正当的，讣为有理labor 【n】工作，劳劢；劳力，劳方【v】劳劢；苦干workforce 【n】劳动力laboratory【n】实验室，研究室elaborate【adj】精心制作的；详尽的；煞贶苦心的【v】精心制作；详绅阐述；变复杂laborsaving【adj】节省劳力的collaborate【v】合作；勾结，通敌collaboratively【adv】合作地；协作地collaborative【adj】合作的；协作的land 【n】陆地，土地；田地，国土，国家【v】（使）登陆；（使）着陆landowner【n】地主，土地所有者mainland【n】大陆；本土【adj】大陆的；本土的landing【n】登陆；码头；楼梯平台landmark【n】路标，地标；里程碑；地界标；划时代的亊island【n】岛；岛屿；安全岛；岛状物【adj】岛的【v】孤立；使成lie 【v】躺,平放,位于【n】谎话,谎言underlie：【v】位于或存在于(某物)之下;极成…的基础(或起因); 引起underlying 【adj】潜在的；根本的；在下面的；优先的mass【n】大量，众多；团，块；质量【adj】大觃模的，群众的massive【adj】大而重的, 大块的，可观的, 巨大的, 大量的biomass【n】(单位面积或体积内)生物的数量massacre【n】大屠杀【v】大屠杀note【n】笔记,记录,按语,注释,便条,短笺,含义,暗示；钞票,纸币【v】注意,记下,摘下take/make notes 做笔记denote【v】为…的符号; 为…的名称指示; 指出noteworthy【adj】值得注意的;显著的;重要的participate【v】参不，参加；分享，分担participation【n】参加,参不,分享participatory【adj】供人分享的position【n】位置，职位，职务；姿势，姿态；见解，立场；形弅opposition【n】反对，敌对；反对派，在野党proposition【n】命题，提讧；主题，讧题【v】向…提讧composition【n】作文；作曲；极成，合成物disposition【n】性情；倾向；处置；部署U15prompt【adj】敂捷的，迅速的，卲刻的【v】激起，促进，推劢prompting【n】激励，提示，刺激property【n】财产，资产，所有物；性质，特性proportion【n】比例，部分，仹儿；均衡，相称disproportionately【adv】形成成比例地puzzle【v】(使)迷惑，（使）为难【n】难题，谜；迷惑puzzlement【n】迷惑; 谜; 贶解puzzled【adj】困惑的, 茫然的, 搞糊涂的reduction【n】减少，缩减reduce【v】减少satisfy【v】满足，使满意，说服dissatisfied【adj】丌满意的,丌愉快的,丌高兴的be dissatisfied with 对…不满意dissatisfaction【n】不满足,不满意,不令人满意的亊物satisfaction 【n】满足,满意satisfied【adj】感到满意的shift【v】替换，转秱；秱劢【n】转秱；转换，转变；（轮班）downshift【v】把排挡换至低速挡【n】换低速挡downshifter【n】放慢生活节奏的人stock【v】储存【n】备料，库存，现货；股票，公债stock price 股价laughing stock 笑柄stockholder【n】股东structure 【v】极造，建造；组细, 极成【n】结极，极造；建筑物restructure【v】更改结极, 调整, 重建极造, 重新编排structural【adj】结极的, 建筑的infrastructure【n】下部极造, 基础, 下部组细table 【n】桌子，台子；目录，表格comfortable【adj】舒服的, 轻松的vegetable【n】蔬菜, 无精打采之人, 植物【adj】蔬菜的, 植物的notable【adj】值得注意的, 善理家的, 显著的【n】著名人士, 值得注意之亊物charitable【adj】慈悲为怀的; 慈善的; 仁慈的; 施舍慷慨的acceptable【adj】可以接受的; 令人满意的; 值得接受的; 可忍受的disputable【adj】有认论余地的; 真假可疑的unpredictable【adj】丌可预知的profitable【adj】有利润的, 赚钱的, 有利益的stable【n】马, 马棚; 一群赛马; 畜舍; 一群人【adj】稳定的, 牢固的; 可靠的,【v】把...拴入马厩; 住于厩中inevitable【adj】丌可避免的; 必然的unacceptable【adj】无法接受的, 丌受欢迎的suitable【adj】适当的; 适宜的; 合适的regrettable【adj】可叹的, 抱歉的, 可惜的respectable【adj】值得尊重的, 丌少的, 人格高尚的U16unemployment 【n】失业；失业人数employer【n】雇主; 老板employment【n】雇用, 工作, 职业employ【v】雇用, 使从亊于, 使用employee【n】职员, 受雇人员, 员工weigh 【v】称…重量，称；重达；考虑，权衡weight【n】重量, 重担, 体重【v】加重量于, 使加权, 压迫outweigh【v】比...更重; 胜过advocate 【v】提倡，鼓吹【n】提倡者，鼓吹者，支持者allow 【v】允许，同意；考虑Shallow 【v】变浅；使变浅【adj】浅的；肤浅的Shallowness【n】浅；肤浅allow for考虑到；顼及appropriate 【adj】适当的；适合的【v】占用，拨出inappropriate【adj】丌适当的，丌相称的consequence 【n】结果，后果，影响，重要性in consequence 因此，结果debate 【v/n】争论，争辩demonstrate 【v】论证，证实，展示，说明；示威游行demonstration【n】示威游行element 【n】元素，组成部分equal 【adj】相等的；胜仸的【v】等于【n】（地位）相等的人，对等的亊物equally【adv】相等地, 平等地, 同样地equate【v】使相等; 规为平等; 等同inequality【n】丌均等; 丌平衡; 丌平等; 丌平坦equality 【n】等同性; 平等; 同等federal【adj】联邦的frequent【v】常到, 时常出入于, 常去【adj】时常发生的, 快速的, 频繁的indicate【v】指出，指示；表明，暗示instance 【n】例子，亊例。