the rhythm of peotry(for lecture)
中英诗歌精彩翻译赏析 ppt课件
Age will mellow and refine.
时光荏苒变醇厚。
Friendships that have stood the test--- 经历岁月和变迁，
Time and change----are surely best; 友情才为最牢靠。
Brow may wrinkle, hair grow gray; 额头可皱发可白，
Or too elated:
更无须欢喜——
In an instant I shall vanish without trace. 在转瞬间消灭了踪影。
We meet on the sea of dark night,
你我相逢在黑夜的海上，
You on your way, I on mine,
你有你的，我有我的方向；
And a Heaven in a Wild Flower,
一花一天空；
Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand 掌内包无限，
And Eternity in an hour.
片刻现永恒。
断章
卞之琳
Fragment
Bian Zhi-lin
你站在桥上看风景， You watched the sight from a bridge, 看风景人在楼上看你。 As a sightseer watched you from a tower 明月装饰了你的窗子， The moon adorns your window, 你装饰了别人的梦。 And you adorn another’s dream.
湿漉漉、黑黝黝的树枝上的花瓣
（裘小龙 译）
梦幻众中面貌 黝湿枝上疏花
（周钰良 译）
新教材高中英语UNIT5POEMSSectionⅠReadingandThinking课件
续表
教材译文 F
望夫处, 江悠悠。 化为石, 不回头。 上头日日风复雨, 行人归来石应语。
王建
续表
教材原文
教材译文
With so many different forms of
有这么多不同形式的诗歌
poetry to choose from, you may
可选, 你可能最终想写属于你 eventually want to write poems of your
C 生活 生活可能很美好, 生活也可能很糟糕, 生活常常充满欢乐, 但有时令人沮丧。 生活可能是梦幻一场, 生活可能是伟大的思想 生活可能是一个人, 坐在法庭上。
续表
教材原文
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the
is the“list poem”, which contains a
最简单的诗歌之一是“清单
诗”, 它包含一份有关事物、人
list of things, people, ideas, or
物、想法或描述性内容的清单,
descriptions that develop a particular 形成一个特定主题。清单诗的诗
续表 A 嘘, 小宝贝, 别说话, 爸爸给你买只知更鸟。 知更鸟, 不唱歌, 爸爸给你买枚钻石戒。 钻石戒, 变黄铜 爸爸给你买镜子。 小镜子, 摔破了, 爸爸给你买只公山羊。 公山羊, 不肯拉, 爸爸给你买架大牛车。续表来自教材原文教材译文
One of the simplest kinds of poem
UNIT 5 POEMS
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
英语诗歌的格律
英语诗歌的格律1．一首诗（a poem）往往包含有若干诗节（stanza或strophe），每节又分为若干行（line 或verse），每个诗行由若干音步（foot）组成，音步是由一定数目的重读音节（arsis或ictus）和非重读音节（thesis）按照一定规律排列而成。
音步的排列方式构成英诗的格律（meter 或measure）。
2．依照每一音步中重读音节（扬）和非重读音节（抑）的排列方式，可以把音步分成不同种类，即格律。
常见的英语诗歌格律有四种。
a)抑扬格（Iambus; the Iambic Foot）：一个音步由一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。
b)扬抑格（Trochee; the Trochaic Foot）：一个音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成。
c)扬抑抑格（Dactyl）：一个音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成。
d)抑抑扬格（Anapaest; the Anapaestic Foot）：一个音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。
不常见的几种格律。
e)抑扬抑格（Amphibrach; the Amphibrachy Foot）：一个音步由三个音节组成，其中第一、三个音节为非重读音节，第二个音节为重读音节。
f)扬扬格（Spondee）：一个音步由两个重读音节构成。
g)抑抑格（Pyrrhic）：一个音步由两个非重读音节构成。
3．音步也有完整和不完整之分。
诗行中每个音步的格律都相同，则为完整音步（actalectic foot）；如果诗行最末一个音步缺少一个音节，则为不完整音步（cactalectic）。
4．诗的各行音步数目不定，诗行按音步数量分为以下几种：一音步（monometer）二音步（dimeter）三音步（trimeter）四音步（tetrameter）五音步（pentameter）六音步（hexameter）七音步（heptameter）八音步（octameter）超过八音步的诗行在英语诗歌中较为少见。
poetry
3．借代Metonymy
禅 垂诿饮清露， 流响出疏桐。 居高声自远， 非是藉秋风”
TO THE CICADA Though rising high, you drink but dew; Yet your voice flows from sparse plane trees. Far and wide there‟s none but hears you; You need no wings of autumn breeze. (Tr. XYZ)
（7）送别诗(Farewell poetry)
诗的范畴（现代诗歌） Classification of Modern Poetry
按照作品内容的表达方式(Ways of expression)
（1）叙事诗：诗中有比较完整的故事情节和人物形象，通常 以诗人满怀激情的歌唱方式来表现。 Narrative poems: complete plot and characters （2）抒情诗：主要通过直接抒发诗人的思想感情来反映社会 生活，不要求描述完整的故事情节和人物形象。如，情歌、颂歌、 哀歌、挽歌、牧歌和讽刺诗。 Lyrics: full release of the poet‟s emotion
上尖起读：明，通慧；智达全，谋生道备；制变论周行，法学成义务厚；明理事功政载德。 回文：德载政功事理明，厚务义成学法；行周论变制，备道生谋；全达智，慧通；明。 左尖起读：明，理法；事学制，功成变谋；政义论生智，载务周道达通；德厚行备全慧明。 回文：明慧全备行厚德，通达道周务载；智生论义政，谋变成功；制学事，法理；明。 右尖起读：德，厚载；行务政，备周义功；全道论成事，慧达生变学理；明通智谋制法明。 回文：明法制谋智通明，理学变生达慧；事成论道全，功义周备；政务行，载厚；德。 外圈环读：明慧全备行厚德，德载政功事理明；明法制谋智通明。 回文：明通智谋制法明，明理事功政载德；德备行厚全慧明。 内圈环读：达道周务，务义学成；学变生达。 回文：达生变学，成学义务；务周道达。
英国文学名词解释大全（整理版）
英国文学名词解释大全（整理版）1，alliteration 2，kenning 3，caesura 4,romance 5,chivalery 6,quatrain 7,meter:rhyme 8,heroic couplet 9iambic pentameter 10,bob and wheel 11,realism 12,idealism 13,renaissiance 14,blank verse 15,sonnet 16,comedy 17,tragedy 18,humanism 19,cavalier poets 20,metaphysical poets 21,metaphysical conceit1. Epic(史诗)（appeared in the Anglo-Saxon Period ）Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey. It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple, but full of magnificence.Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age & its people are also called epic.E.g. Beowulf （the pagan（异教徒），secular(非宗教的) poetry）Iliad 《伊利亚特》，Odyssey《奥德赛》Paradise Lost 《失乐园》.1.Romance （传奇）(Anglo-Norman feudal England)Romance is any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters.Originally, the term referred to a medieval (中世纪) tale dealing with the love and adventures of kings, queens, knights, and ladies, and including supernatural happenings.Form:long composition, in verse, in proseContent:description of life and adventures of a noble hero Character:a knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons; often described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments(骑士比武), or fighting for his lord in battles; devoted to the church and the king ?Romance lacksgeneral resemblance to truth or reality.It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues.It contains perilous (dangerous) adventures more or less remote from ordinary life.It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady.3. Alliteration（押头韵）: a repeated initial(开头的) consonant(协调,一致) to successive(连续的) words.4. Heroic couplet （英雄双韵体）（introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer）Definition:the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter; a verse form in epic poetry, with lines of ten syllables and five stresses, in rhyming pairs.英雄诗体/英雄双韵体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每行十个音节，五个音部，每两行押韵。
译林版高中英语选必一Unit4 Integrated skills (I) 教案
《英语》（选择性必修·第一册）Unit 4 Exploring poetryIntegrated skills (I)I. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1.gain some basic knowledge about poems;2. grasp the theme of the poem “The Road Not Taken”;3. reveal the message the poet tries to get across;4. share their understanding of the poem.II. Key competence focus1. Gain some basic knowledge about poem and know how to appreciate poems.2. Appreciate the poem “The Road Not Taken” and share their understanding in class.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. Appreciate the poem from different aspects like sound characteristics.2. Explore the meaning of the poem.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Review1. T leads Ss to review what is called a poem and shows the definition from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.2. T asks Ss a question about aspects of a poem.T: I have one more question: What aspects of a poem do you pay attention to when you read it? T: Normally, we pay attention to a poem’s form, rhyme, rhythm, words and so on.【设计意图：从学生已学的何为诗歌以及如何鉴赏诗歌入手，让学生复习已学知识并主动参与教学活动，从而对后面的教学起到较好的铺垫作用。
Chinese-Poetry-中国诗歌介绍-英文版
Su shi
Su Zhe
Liu Yong
Li Qingzhao
Zhou Bangyan
Yan Shu
Huang Tingjian
21
Classical Chinese poetry The Southern Song Dynasty:
Lu You
Jiang Kui （姜夔）
Xin Qiji
22
Classical Chinese poetry
唐以前诗歌及唐以后诗人仿作
Shi
“recent-style” jintishi poetry（近体诗）
中
形成于唐代
国
小令（五十八字以内）
古 典
Ci（Song） 中调（五十九字至九十字）
诗
长调（九十一字以上）
歌
Qu（Yuan）
Chinese Sanqu poetry(散曲)
Yuan opera(元杂剧）
Middle Tang :
• The Landscape Style Poem (山水诗):
Liu Changqing , Wei Yingwu • Bai Juyi , Han Yu , Meng Jiao , Liu Yusi , Liu Zongyuan , Li He
Late Tang :
• Du Mu ,Li Shangyin （ Little Li-Du） • Wen Tingyun , Wei Zhuang
6
Classical Chinese poetry
四言古诗(出现最早的是《诗经》,另 一代表是曹操诗)
古 五言古诗（成熟于汉代,简称五古） 体 诗 七言古诗（成熟于唐代,简称七古）
杂言诗（可归入七言古诗） 《登幽州台歌》
选择性必修三Unit 5 Poems知识点--答案
选择性必修三Unit 5 Poems词汇派生1.sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事vi感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的;悲痛的;悲哀的2.rhyme n.押韵词;押韵的短诗vi&vt.(使)押韵→rhythm n.节奏;韵律;规律3.literary adj.文学的;爱好文学的;有文学作品特征的→literature n.文学;文学作品4. recite vt.背诵;吟诵;列举→recitation n.背诵;吟诵e 5.mood n.情绪;心情;语气→moody adj.情绪多变的;喜怒无常的6. respective adj.分别的;各自的→respectively adv.分别;各自;依次为7.sympathy n. 同情;赞同→sympatheti c adj.同情的;有同情心的;赞同的一词多义blank adj.空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的;茫然的n.空白;空格①We could put some of the pictures over on that blank wall over there. 空白的②Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence. 空格③Abbot looked blank.“I don't quite follow you,Sir”茫然的Words and Phrases1.to the point切题；中肯[教材原句P50] The language of these rhymes，like Poem A，is to the point but has a storyline.这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了，但有故事情节。
[例1]The explanation in this dictionary is concise and to the point.这部词典里的释义简明扼要。
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More Syllables
• recommend • = re-com-MEND……. (2 unstressed + 1 stressed) • discomfort • = dis-COM-fort… (1 unstressed + 1 stressed + 1 unstressed) • Entertainment • = en-ter-TAIN-ment (2 unstressed + 1 stressed + 1 unstressed)
(2 unstressed + 1 stressed)
Number of feet per line
• • • • • •
Monometer Dimeter Trimeter Tetrameter Pentameter Hexameter
Meters & Feet
For example:
• Angel = AN-gel (not an-GEL) • Complete = com-PLETE (not COM-plete)
• Poem
More Syllables
• = PO-em…….(1 stressed + 1 unstressed) • Poetry • = PO-e-try…….(1 stressed + 2 unstressed) • relief • = re-LIEF……. (1 unstressed + 1 stressed)
Scansion
• (1) the act of scanning, or analyzing poetry in terms of its rhythmic components • (2) the graphic representation, indicated by marked accents, feet, etc., of the rhythm of a line or lines of verse
Lines containing iambic feet
• Behold / and watch / the sun / destroy / and grow (5 iambs)
• When I / do COUNT / the CLOCK / that TELLS / the TIME
[Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12] (5 iambs)
– repose (re-POSE POSE) – belief (be-LIEF LIEF) – complete (com-PLETE PLETE)
followed by
1
Trochaic Pattern
• 1 stressed syllable unstressed syllable
• EXAMPLES:
Spondaic Poem: 2 equal syllables
• Because of this nature of the spondee, a serious poem cannot be solely spondaic. spondaic • It would be almost impossible to construct a poem entirely of stressed syllables syllables. • Therefore, the spondee usually occurs within a poem having another dominant rhythm scheme.
Combinations of Poetic Feet
• • • • • • One foot per line: monometer Two feet per line : dimeter Three feet per line : trimeter Four feet per line : tetrameter Five feet per line : pentameter Six feet per line : hexameter
Trochaic poem: a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's “The Song of Hiawatha”
By the / shores of / Gitche / Gumee,Байду номын сангаасBy the / shining / Big-Sea /-Water, Stood the / wigwam / of No / komis, Daughter / of the / Moon, No / komis. Dark behind it rose the forest, Rose the black and gloomy pine-trees, Rose the firs with cones upon them; Bright before' it beat the water, Beat the clear and sunny water, Beat the shining Big-Sea-Water.
• Shall I / compare /thee to / a sum / mer's day?
[Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12] (5 iambs)
• Come live/ with me/ and be/ my love (4 iambs)
(poem by Christopher Marlowe)
Type + Number = Meter
• • • • • Types of Poetic Feet Iambic (1 unstressed + 1 stressed) Trochaic (1 stressed + 1 unstressed) Anapestic Dactylic (1 stressed + 2 unstressed) Spondaic (all syllables equal)
Dactylic poem:
1 stressed + 2 unstressed
Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson Half a league, / half a league, Half a league / onward, All in the / valley of / Death Rode the / six hundred. "Forward, the / Light Brigade! Charge for the / guns!" he said: Into the / valley of / Death Rode the / six hundred.
Five main patterns to poetic feet:
1. Iambic 2. Trochaic
Anapestic 4. Dactylic 5. Spondaic
3.
Iambic pattern
• 1 unstressed syllable stressed syllable
• EXAMPLES:
followed by
1
Dactylic pattern
• 1 stressed syllable followed by 2 unstressed syllables
• EXAMPLE:
– happiness (HAP-pi-ness) – galloping (GAL-lop-ing) – fortunate, Sat for Saturday, daf daffodil, mur murmuring, rhapsody rhap
Poetic Foot
• A poetic foot is a repeated sequence of rhythm comprised of two or more stressed and/or unstressed syllables.
• Poetic meter is comprised of poetic feet
Spondaic Pattern
• All syllables have equal stress • EXAMPLE:
– Heartbreak – “Out, out…” – "pen-knife," "ad hoc," "heartburn"
The Iambic foot
• The iamb = (1 unstressed syllable + 1 stressed syllable) is the most common poetic foot in English verse. • iambic foot examples:
The Rhythm of Poetry:
Syllable - Poetic feet - Meter
Syllables
• English words have clear syllables. • We can usually divide words into syllables easily. • We can also determine which syllables to emphasize, or “stress” in each word.
– You may have seen scansion marks like the following:
The curved lines are “unstressed” syllables while the straight slashes are “stressed”