William Faulkner
威廉·福克纳
海德格尔认为，时间构成了人的实体或存在。
时间性是现代人的视界，“现代”使时间的意识空前
强化。 萨特认为作品中突出强调的是现在。
海德格尔和萨特都强调人的未来性：“人不是他所有
的一切的总和，而是他还没有而可以有的一切的综 合。”
“杰生的部分”发生在1928年4月6日，这部分写杰生当家
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
后康普生家的情况,他是典型的恶棍，从恨的角度讲述凯 蒂和她的私生子小昆丁，认为姐姐的遭遇影响了自己的 前程。
“迪尔西的部分”,则是发生在1928年4月8日(复活节)，
它纯粹写当前的事：小昆丁的出走、杰生的狂怒与追寻， 以及象征着涤罪与净化的黑人教堂里的宗教活动。迪尔 西从小生活在康普生家，目睹了这个家族的盛衰。“我 看见了始，我看见了终。”
品中不断寻找的（失落的南方）。
“班吉的部分”发生的时间是1928年4月7日。通过他，福克
纳渲染了康普生家颓败的气氛。另一方面，通过班吉脑中 的印象，反映了康普生家那些孩子的童年。班吉33岁，却 只有3岁儿童的智力水平。
“昆丁的部分”发生在1910年6月2日，这部分交代昆丁当
天的所见所闻和他的活动，同时又通过他的思想活动，写 凯蒂的沉沦与昆丁自己的绝望。于是投河自尽。
《押沙龙，押沙龙！》书名取自《圣经》，本是大卫王
对阴谋篡位被杀身死的爱子押沙龙发出的哀叹，福克纳 借此表达父子反目、兄弟阋墙、命运不可违的悲剧主题。 具有史诗结构和悲剧气氛。
小说表现了庄园主托马斯· 萨德本的盛衰史。他本是乡野
贫穷家庭的一个农家子，因受人歧视感叹命运的不公， 立志奋斗。在白手起家的过程中，他摈弃了一切道德法 规，变成一个毫无人性的“妖魔”。最后，萨德本不仅 自己死于非命，而且也残害了自己的后裔。
6、william faulkner威廉 福克纳
A Picture of Yoknapatawpha County( a little postage stamp of native soil)
His Main Writings
His major novห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ls :
The Sound and the Fury(1929) As I Lay Dying(1930) Sanctuary(1931) Light in August(1932) Absalom , Absalom !(1936) The Hamlet(1940) His books of short stories:
Detailed Study of the Text
Part I
1.
2.
The street used to house only the best families. Then great changes took place: garages and cotton gins were established on the street and their existence wiped out the aristocratic traces in that neighborhood. While the whole street was becoming modern and commercial, only Miss Emily‟s house remained the same. Although her house was decaying, it still assumed an air of a stubborn and frivolous girl. The cotton wagons and gasoline pumps were ugly enough, but this house, which was old, in decay, pretentious, and completely out of place, was more unpleasant to look at. This detail shows that the house and its owner share the same character. Miss Emily had lived long and had become a tradition because she represented the aristocracy of the Old South that had lost out in the Civil War. She was a care because she was old, unmarried, and without family, and the people in the town felt they must take care of her. They felt that taking care of her was their duty and obligation. This obligation passed from generation to generation as long as she lived.
威廉福克纳 介绍William Faulkner
(P3)人们必须重温这些，必须教会自己：一切事物中最基 本的东西才最值得敬畏；并且，还要教会自己，没齿不忘， 永远在自己的工作室里为亘古不变的心灵的真理留出位置； 离开这些亘古不变的真理，任何小说都注定如浮游朝菌生 命一般地短暂 - -爱或荣誉或怜悯或自豪或同情或牺牲。 如果不这样做，他的一切劳作都会受到魔咒。 他所描绘 的不是爱情而是肉欲，他所记述的失败里不会有人失去任 何有价值的东西，他所描绘的胜利中也没有希望，更没有 同情和怜悯。他的悲哀，缺乏普遍的基础，留不下丝毫痕 迹。他所描述的不是人类的心灵，而是人类的内分泌物。
Main idea
3.Man will not merely endure, he will prevail. He is immortal because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. (Para.4)
Main idea
1.Only the human heart in conflict with itself is worth writing. (Para.2)
2.The basest of all things is to be afraid. Writers should remember forever that good writing reflects the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. (Para.3)
福克纳William Faulkner简介
Style:
Words are often run together, with no capitalization and no proper punctuation.
Variety of language usage: ranging from colloquial, regional dialects to highly charged courtroom rhetoric, covering a variety of “registers” of the English language.
II. Major Works
19 novels and 4 volumes of short stories (75), two volumes of poetry
His works are regarded as the summit of Southern literature.
The mythical county of Yoknapatawpha: 15 saga novels and most of his short stories; symbol of his works; one of the most famous imaginary places in literature.
Part1: Benjy (the youngest son), a fool Part 2: Quentin (the oldest son)，a suicide Part 3: Jason (the second son)，a cynical man Part 4: Dilsey (the maid), the omniscient view
2. Nobel Prize Winner(1949) As I Lay Dying（1930） For "his powerful and artistically
21. William Faulkner 福克纳
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
Almost all his heroes turn out to be tragic because they are prisoners of the past, or of the society, or of some social and moral taboos, or of their own introspective persona
The fact that William Faulkner was born into a Southern family with a fairly long tradition is perhaps the most important of all the influences that made him a major writer in American literature.
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
During the next ten years he continued to work on his Yoknapatawpha county. His major works such as Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom! (1936), and Go Down, Moses (1942) appeared one after another.
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
He writes about the histories of a number of southern aristocratic families and traces them back to the very beginning when the Chickasaw Indians were still lawful owners of the land.
英语故事-William Faulkner
英语故事William Faulkner威廉·福克纳，美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，意识流文学在美国的代表人物，1949年诺贝尔文学奖得主，获奖原因为“因为他对当代美国小说做出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献”。
William FaulknerWilliam Faulkner (September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was a Noble Prize-Winning American author. One of the most influential writers of the 20th century, his reputation is based on his novels, novellas and short stories. He was also a published poet and an occasional screenwriter.Most of Faulkner’s works are set in his native stateof Mississippi. He is considered one of the most important southern writers along with mark twain, Robert Penn Warren, Flannery O’Connor, Truman Capote, Eudora Welty, and Tennessee Williams. While his work was published regularly starting in the mid 1920s, Faulkner was relatively unknown before receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in literature. Since then, he has often been cited as one of the most important writers in the history of American literature.WritingFrom the early 1920s to the outbreak of WWII, when Faulkner left for California, he published 13 novels and numerous short stories, the body of work that grounds his reputation and for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize at the age of 52. this prodigious output, mainly driven by an obscure writer’s need for money, includes his most celebrated novels such as the Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930),Light in August (1932), and Absalom, Absalom! (1936). Faulkner was also a prolific writer of short stories. His first short story collection, These 13 (1931), includes many of his most acclaimed (and most frequently anthologized) stories, includes “A Rose for Emily”, “Red Leaves”, “That Evening Sun”, and “Dry September”. Faulkner set many of his short stories and novels in Yoknapatawpha County—based on, and nearly geographically identical to, Lafayette County, of which his hometown of Oxford, Mississippi is the county seat. Yoknapatawpha was Faulkner’s “postage stamp”, and the bulk of work that it represents is widely considered by critics to amount to one of the most monumental fictional creations in the history of literature three novels, the hamlet, the town and the mansion, known collectively as the Snopes Trilogy, document the town of Jefferson and its environs as an extended family headed by Flem Snopes insinuates itself into the lives and psyches of the general populace. It is a stage wherein rapaciousness and decay come to the fore in a world where such realities were always present, but never so compartmentalized and well defined; their sources never so easily identifiable.Characterized by André Malraux as “the intrusion of Greek tragedy into the detective story.” its themes of evil and corruption, bearing southern gothic tones, resonate to this day. Requiem for a nun (1951), a play/novel sequel to sanctuary, is the only play that Faulkner published, except for his the marionettes, which he essentially self-published -- in a few hand-written copies -- as a young man.Faulkner is known for an experimental style with meticulous attention to diction and cadence. In contrast to the minimalist understatement of his contemporary Ernest Hemingway, Faulkner made frequent use of “stream of consciousness”in his writing, and wrote often highly emotional, subtle, cerebral, complex, and sometimes gothic or grotesque stories of a wide variety of characters including former slaves or descendants of slaves, poor white, agrarian, or working-class southerners, and southern aristocrats. In an interview with the Paris review in 1956, Faulkner remarked, “let the writer take up surgery or bricklaying if he isinterested in technique. There is no mechanical way to get the writing done, no shortcut. The young writer would be a fool to follow a theory. Teach yourself by your own mistakes; people learn only by error. The good artist believes that nobody is good enough to give him advice. He has supreme vanity. no matter how much he admires the old writer, he wants to beat him.”another esteemed southern writer, Flanner O’Connor, stated that, “the presence alone of Faulkner in our midst makes a great difference in what the writer can and cannot permit himself to do. nobody wants his mule and wagon stalled on the same track the Dixie limited is roaring down.”Faulkner also wrote two volumes of poetry which were published in small printings, The Marble Faun (1924) and A Green Bough (1933), and a collection of crime-fiction short stories, Knight’s Gambit (1949).AwardsIn 1946, Faulkner was one of three finalists for the first Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine Award. He came in second to Manly Wade Wellman. Faulkner received the 1949 Nobel Prize for literature for “his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.”though he won the Nobel Prize for 1949, it was not awarded until the 1950 awards banquet, when Faulkner was awarded the 1949 prize and Bertrand Russell the 1950 prize. He donated a portion of his Nobel winnings “to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers,” eventually resulting in the Pen/Faulkner award for fiction. He donated another portion to a local oxford bank to establish an account to provide scholarship funds to help educate African-American education majors at nearby rust college in holly springs, Mississippi. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for what are considered as his “minor”novels: his 1954 novel A Fable, which took the Pulitzer in 1955, and the 1962 novel, The Reivers, which was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer in 1963. He also won two National Book awards, first for his collected stories in 1951 and once again for hisnovel A Fable in 1955. On August 3, 1987, the United States postal service issued a 22-cent postage stamp in his honor.。
干燥的九月 威廉·福克纳(中文版)
美国作家威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner)：美国小说家。
出生于没落地主家庭，第一次世界大战时在加拿大空军中服役，战后曾在大学肄业一年，1925年后专门从事创作。
他被西方文学界视作“现代的经典作家”。
共写了19部长篇小说和70多篇短篇小说。
其中绝大多数故事发生在虚构的约克纳帕塔法县，被称为“约克纳帕塔法世系”。
这部世系主要写该县及杰弗逊镇不同社会阶层的若干家庭几代人的故事。
时间从独立战争前到第二次世界大战以后，出场人物有600多人，其中主要人物在他的不同作品中交替出现，实为一部多卷体的美国南方社会变迁的历史。
其最著名的作品有描写杰弗逊镇望族康普生家庭的没落及成员的精神状态和生活遭遇的《声音与疯狂》（又译《喧哗与骚动》1929）；写安斯·本德仑偕儿子运送妻子灵柩回杰弗逊安葬途中经历种种磨难的《我弥留之际》（1930）；写孤儿裘·克里斯默斯在宗教和种族偏见的播弄、虐待下悲惨死去的《八月之光》（1932）；写一个有罪孽的庄园主塞德潘及其子女和庄园的毁灭性结局的《押沙龙，押沙龙》（1936）；写新兴资产阶级弗莱姆·斯诺普斯的冷酷无情及其必然结局的《斯诺普斯三部曲》（《村子》1940，《小镇》1957，《大宅》1959）等。
福克纳1949年获诺贝尔文学奖。
干燥的九月作者：[美]威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)(1897-1962) 译者/许志文九月如血的黄昏，62个无雨日子的不幸结果；谣言、传闻，无论它们是什么，仿佛干草一般燃烧了起来。
这是与米尼·库坡小姐和一个黑人有关的事。
受攻击、侮辱、惊吓的，并不是他们，星期六晚上聚集在理发室里的人们。
天花板的电扇使劲吹着，却没能使它冷却，浊热的空气，又吹回向他们，在变质的涂发乳和护肤液的气味反复翻腾中，他们散发出自己浑浊的气息和臭味，在仔细打听究竟发生了什么事。
"谁干也不会是威廉·莫耶斯干的，"一位理发师说。
William_Faulkner_(1897-1962)福克纳
Poetry
Faulkner wrote two volumes of poetry which were published in small printings, The Marble Faun 大理石牧神 (1924) and A Green Bough 绿枝(1933)
“Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player,// That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,// And then is heard no more; it is a tale// Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,// Signifying nothing”. (Macbeth)
南方作家重视家庭、宗教和传统道德观 念,对南方的过去和现在有着深刻思考, 重农轻工,对工业文明有强烈疏远和排斥.
Southern Renaissance
In the 20th century , southern literature, became not only distinguished but very diverse, yet it has often laid stress on regionalism.
American Southern Literature
一般是指美国南北战争后出现在南方的一种严肃 而带有悲剧性的文学,它也被称为"南方文艺复兴 "(Southern Renaissance)
American southern literature can date back to Edgar Allen Poe, and reach its summit with the appearance of the two “giants” – Faulkner and Wolfe. There are southern women writers – Katherine Anne Porter, Eudora Welty, and Flannery O’Connor.
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During World War I, he joined the Canadian Royal Flying Corps - he was too short to join the U.S. Air Force - but never fought; the day he graduated from the Flying Corps, the Armistice was signed.
the
grotesque--people who don’t look right are capable of activity beyond the norm
Review
Ralph Waldo Emerson He is the author of what philosophy? Transcendentalism
3.
Read
the Chinese introduction to William Faulkner on pp. 165-166, Unit 15. read: “The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall” pp. 143-149.
Next
William Faulkner
Review
Nathaniel Hawthorne What are his two most important literary contributions? “The Scarlet Letter”
“The House Of Seven Gables”
Review
Herman Melville
He is remembered as both a gentlemanly Southern eccentric, and an arrogant, snobbish alcoholic.
William Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897, and began to write poetry as a teenager. He was an indifferent student, and dropped out of high school when he was fifteen.
1.
What kind of work did he love to do?
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
He liked working on ships as a sailor.
2.
What is his most important literary contribution?
“Moby Dick”
Review
Henry David Thoreau
Review
Katherine Anne Porter
1897-1962
Look for the answer to these questions:
1. 2.
When did William Faulkner live? What was the first of Faulkner's truly classic novels? In 1950, Faulkner was awarded what prize?
In 1950, Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize. This award effectively turned his career around, bringing him the economic success that had so long eluded him. However, most critics find the works he wrote after winning the prize largely disappointing, especially compared to his earlier, mythical works.
1.
Where did he look to find “truth” or the meaning of life?
Nature
2.
What is his most important literary contribution?
“Walden”
Review
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow What type of literature did he write? poetry What was his most-famous literary work? The Song of Hiawatha
Review
Edgar Allan Poe
1.
His works were described as what kind of fictional style?
Gothic
2.
What is Gothic style?
Elements of the Gothic
Hidden evil and mystery Obsession with death and ghosts Maniacal Laughter Deformity
Review
Emily Dickinson
What type of literature did she write?
poetry
What was her life like?
By the 1860s, Dickinson lived in almost total physical isolation from the outside world, but actively maintained many correspondences and read widely. She spent a great deal of this time with her family.
Review
Mark Twain
1.
What are his two most famous literary works?
“The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer”
“Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn”
2.
What was his real name?
In early 1925, Faulkner and a friend traveled to New Orleans where he met the novelist Sherwood Anderson, whose book “Winesburg, Ohio” was a pillar of American Modernism. His friendship with Anderson inspired him to start writing novels.
3.
Review
Benjamin Franklin What is his most important literary contribution? He helped to write:
The Declaration of Independence,
The Constitution of the United States.
From then through the 1940s, Faulkner wrote several of his masterpieces, including “Light In August”, “Absalom, Absalom!”, “The Wild Palms”, “The Hamlet”, and “Go Down, Moses”. At the time these books made Faulkner very little money, so he was forced to work in Hollywood as a screenwriter.
William Faulkner died of a heart attack on the morning of July 6, 1962.
1.
2.
When did William Faulkner live?
What was the first of Faulkner's truly classic novels? In 1950, Faulkner was awarded what prize?
3.
Background Information
William Faulkner was a prolific writer who became very famous during his lifetime, but who shied away from the spotlight as much as possible.
Faulkner wrote four more novels between 1926 and 1931: “Mosquitoes” (1927), “Sartoris” (1929), “The Sound and the Fury” (1929), and “As I Lay Dying” (1930).
His only surviving biological daughter, Jill, was born in 1933.
Faulkner wrote his next novel, “As I Lay Dying”, while working the night shift at a powerhouse. With this novel's publication, Faulkner was finally a writer on the literary scene. However, Faulkner still did not have any financial success until he published Sanctuary in 1931.