专四英语语法考点串讲及真题再现
完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sｂｈad ｄoｎe，主句sb wouｌd(sｈoｕlｄ, ｃould, miｇht)＋hａvｅｄoｎe；2、省略ｉf,从句的语序用到装，即将ｗere,hａd或shoulｄ移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句ｓb dｉd (ｓhoｕｌd+ｄｏ或were+tｏdo)，主句sb would (shoｕld，cｏuld, ｍight)＋do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb hａd dｏne,主句sb wｏulｄ(sｈoｕld, could, mｉght)+do;考点２：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insisｔ,ｏrdeｒ，cｏmmaｎｄ, sｕｇgest, aｄvise, prｏpose, a ｓk，reqｕire, ｒｅｑuesｔ，ｄemａnd引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点３:Iｔis ＋advｉsable,eｓｓenｔiａl, importaｎt, iｍpeｒative，iｎcｒediｂｌe等从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点4：it is(ｈｉgh/abouｔ)tiｍe that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much aｓ"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用ｗｏuｌd havｅdone表示假设。
考点6：if oｎlｙ, wish，as iｆ/as ｔhoｕgｈ引导从句，与过去事实相反:ｈad ＋ｄone；与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/woｕld＋ｄo考点7：ｗｏｕld rather／ｓoｏｎer从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点８:ｌesｔ/ foｒfear that+(shｏulｄ) ＋原形动词。
专四英语语法考点串讲1023
英语专业四级考试历年各语法考点的分布表（1991-2010）考点10 0987654321999897969594939291非谓语动词不定式 1 1 1 1 1分词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 动名词 1 2 1 1 1 1 独立主格 2 1 1 1并列句和复合句状语从句 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 定语从句 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 名词性从句 1 1 1 1 1 2 1虚拟语气 1 2 1 4 3 5 5 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 2 比较级结构 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 情态动词 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 倒装 2 1 1 1 1 强调和省略 2 1副词和形容词 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1冠词 1 1 1 1 固定搭配 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 反意疑问句 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 强调句代词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 主谓一致 1 1 1 1 1 1句子成分 3 1 1 1时态 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1专四英语语法考点串讲之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get2. He would have finished his college education, but he ____to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have3.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of4. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not7. _____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if___.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC. GivingD. Had10. We could ___him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided11. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized12. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _____ in such a hurry you sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put14. "Did you hear of his death?'"Yes. If he ___ in time, he ___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my fr iend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I ______ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
专四英语语法考点串讲及真题再现
专四语法考点串讲语法回顾篇：专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致,冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were），主句谓语动词would（should，could,might）+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done,主句谓语动词用would(should，could,might)+ have done；例如:43。
I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B。
will have enjoyedC。
would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there。
A。
weren't B。
hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn't考点3。
与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do）,主句谓语动词用:would（should,could,might)+do。
例如:43。
If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer。
（08年)• A. shall need C。
would need•B。
英语专四语法考点总结
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为： would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
专四英语语法考点串讲及真题
专四语法考点串讲情态动词考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（2）某些情态动词的特殊用法1. must have v-edmust have v-ed 表示推测过去某事―一定‖发生了。
其否定形式为：can‘t / couldn‘t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。
例如：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.2. could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了3. may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。
4.ought to / should have v-ed 和ought not to / shouldn‟t have v-ed用于对已发生的情况表示―责备‖、―不满‖，分别表示―本应该…‖和―本不应该…‖表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作5.needn‟t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要…”。
例如：You needn‘t have waken me up; I don‘t have to go to work today.注意：did not need to do 动作并没发生例：I didn‘t need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.*特殊用法(1) can‗t表示―不可能‖，may not 表示―不可以‖，mustn‘t(must not) 表示―不许可禁止‖，needn't (need not) 表示―不必‖，dare not ＋动词原形表示―不敢‖(2) must表推测的否定现在式用can‘t ,过去式用couldn‘t(3)May I / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please don‘t.或No, you mustn‘t. 例如：―May we leave now?‖ ―No, you mustn‘t. You haven‘t finished your home work yet.‖(4) need I / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn‘t(5)在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn‘t，而要用needn‘t或don‘thave to(6)May/might as well may……but….(表转折)(7) I wish to go home with you, may I?(8) Do help yourself to have fruit, won‘t you/ will you? （表示一种委婉的请求）*情态动词短语的使用would like to do…would rather do…would rather + 从句would prefer to do...had better do...*情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）*dare, need 也可作一般（行为）动词*情态动词一般用法的否定：mustn‘t 不准, 禁止，不要can‟t(couldn‟t) 不会；不能；may (might) not 不可以;needn‘t 没必要( = don‘t have to )used not／usedn‘t to或didn‘t use to… 过去不…dare not 不敢*情态动词推测用法Must 一定，肯定can‟t (couldn‟t) 不可能Can/ could 可能Can‟t (couldn‟t) 不可能may/ might ―可能，也许‖ May (might) not 也许不，可能不*推断用法should／ought to―按理应当，应该是；shouldn‘t 不应该( = ought not to )*情态动词＋have ＋done结构表示对过去动作的推测1.must have done：对过去的肯定推测，译作―一定做了…‖，只能用于肯定句中。
专四英语语法考点串讲1023[1]
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专四语法考点串讲吴芳芳2011.3英语专业四级考试历年各语法考点的分布表（1991-2010）考点10 0987654321999897969594939291非谓语动词不定式 1 1 1 1 1分词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 动名词 1 2 1 1 1 1 独立主格 2 1 1 1并列句和复合句状语从句 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 定语从句 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 名词性从句 1 1 1 1 1 2 1虚拟语气 1 2 1 4 3 5 5 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 2 比较级结构 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 情态动词 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 倒装 2 1 1 1 1 强调和省略 2 1 副词和形容词 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1冠词 1 1 1 1 固定搭配 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 反意疑问句 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 强调句代词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 主谓一致 1 1 1 1 1 1句子成分 3 1 1 1时态 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1专四英语语法考点串讲之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get2. He would have finished his college education, but he ____to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have3.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of4. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not7. _____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if___.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC. GivingD. Had10. We could ___him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided11. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized12. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _____ in such a hurry you sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put14. "Did you hear of his death?'"Yes. If he ___ in time, he ___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I ______ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
专四英语语法考点串讲 高清版
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语法专四串讲
专四语法考点串讲吴芳芳2011.3英语专业四级考试历年各语法考点的分布表（1991-2010）考点10 0987654321999897969594939291非谓语动词不定式 1 1 1 1 1分词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 动名词 1 2 1 1 1 1 独立主格 2 1 1 1并列句和复合句状语从句 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 定语从句 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 名词性从句 1 1 1 1 1 2 1虚拟语气 1 2 1 4 3 5 5 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 2 比较级结构 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 情态动词 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 倒装 2 1 1 1 1 强调和省略 2 1 副词和形容词 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1冠词 1 1 1 1 固定搭配 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 反意疑问句 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 强调句代词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 主谓一致 1 1 1 1 1 1句子成分 3 1 1 1时态 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1专四英语语法考点串讲之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get2. He would have finished his college education, but he ____to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have3.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of4. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not7. _____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if___.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC. GivingD. Had10. We could ___him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided11. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized12. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _____ in such a hurry you sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put14. "Did you hear of his death?'"Yes. If he ___ in time, he ___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “Y ou ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I ______ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
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专四语法考点串讲迟明云2010-3-24语法回顾篇：专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done；例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren‟tB. hasn‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. wouldn‟t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。
例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年）• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
考点5.虚拟条件句if可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词not不前移。
例如：65.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.（05年）• A. Hadn't he been taken good care of• B. Had he not been taken good care of• C. Had not he been taken good care of• D. Had he been not taken good care of考点6. insist(一个坚持）；order command(两道命令）；suggest， advise, propose（三条建议）；ask, require, request, demand(四点要求）及相应的名词的从句，谓语要使用：should+动词原形或动词原形例如：58. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight.(04年)• A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not考点7.It is +advisable, essential important,, imperative, incredible,等等相关的从句，谓语要使用：should+动词原形或动词原形例如：46.It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.（04年）• A. hand in B. would hand in• C. have to hand in D. handed in考点8.it is high(about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式例如:54 It‟s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.（06年）A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop考点9.much as尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设，可以是说话人的语气变得十分委婉，真诚。
例如：52. Much a s ____, I couldn‟t lend him the money because I simply didn‟t have that muchspare cash.（99年）A.I would have liked toB.I would like to haveC.I should have to likeD.I should have liked to考点10. if only表示要是…就好了相当与wish, as if/as though 的用法。
与现在事实相反：动词过去式与过去事实相反: had + done与将来事实相反： could/would + do例如：52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! （06 年）A wouldB couldC shouldD might备考1. would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟，表示“宁愿某人作某事”例如：The manager would rather his daughter ____ in the same office now.A.had not workedB.not to workC.does not workD.did not work备考2.用于lest,for fear that引导的状语从句。
在lest, for fear that等引导的状语从句中，通常用"(should +)原形动词"这一虚拟语气形式例如：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ________ himself.A.injureB.had injuredC.injuredD.would injure专四语法考点串讲之二情态动词考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（2）某些情态动词的特殊用法1. must have v-edmust have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。
其否定形式为：can‟t / couldn‟t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。
例如：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.2. could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作‚很可能‛发生了3. may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事‚也许‛发生了.may 比might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。
4.ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作5.needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为‚本没必要…‛。
例如：You needn‟t have waken me up; I don‟t have to go to work today.注意：did not need to do 动作并没发生例：I didn‟t need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.*特殊用法(1) can…t表示“不可能”，may not 表示“不可以”，mustn‟t(must not) 表示“不许可禁止”，needn't (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not ＋动词原形表示“不敢”(2) must表推测的否定现在式用can‟t ,过去式用couldn‟t(3)May I / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please don‟t.或No, you mustn‟t. 例如：“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn‟t. You haven‟t finished your home work yet.”(4) need I / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn‟t(5)在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn‟t，而要用needn‟t或don‟thave to(6)May/might as well may……but….(表转折)(7) I wish to go home with you, may I?(8) Do help yourself to have fruit, won‟t you/ will you? （表示一种委婉的请求）*情态动词短语的使用would like to do…would rather do…would rather + 从句would prefer to do...had better do...*情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）*dare, need 也可作一般（行为）动词*情态动词一般用法的否定：mustn‟t 不准, 禁止，不要can’t(couldn’t) 不会；不能；may (might) not 不可以;needn‟t 没必要( = don‟t have to )used not／usedn‟t to或didn‟t use to…过去不…dare not 不敢*情态动词推测用法Must 一定，肯定can’t (couldn’t) 不可能Can/ could 可能Can’t (couldn’t) 不可能may/ might “可能，也许”May (might) not 也许不，可能不*推断用法should／ought to“按理应当，应该是；shouldn‟t 不应该( = ought not to )*情态动词＋have ＋done结构表示对过去动作的推测1.must have done：对过去的肯定推测，译作“一定做了…”，只能用于肯定句中。