2012年12月六级考前最新命制试卷一
2012年12月英语六级考试真题
2012年12月英语六级考试真题Part I WritingOn maintaining trust保持信任Part II233网校推荐：2012年12月英语四六级试题、答案专题>>免费在线估分>>Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.11.M:I’d like to go camping with you this weekend,but I don’t have a sleeping bag.W:No problem.You can count on me to get one for you.My family has tons of camping gear.Q:What does the woman mean?12.M:I know I promise to drive you to the airport next Thursday,but I’m afraid something has come up.They’ve called a special meeting at work.W:No big deal.Karen said she was available as a back-up.Q:What does the woman mean?13.W:Have you saved enough money for a trip to Hawaii?M:Not even close.My uncle must put the brakes on my travelling plans.Q:What does the man mean?14.M:I’m starving.Do we still have any pie left from the dinner yesterday?W:Oh,Julia invited her friends over in the afternoon and they ate it all.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?15.W:Three letters of recommendation are required to apply to graduate schools.I was wondering if the one professor Smith wrote for me last year could still be used.M:It’s a bit dated.You’d better submit a recent one.Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?16.W:I’ve noticed that you spend a lot of time tending your garden.Would you like to join our gardening club?We meet every other Wednesday.M:Oh,thanks for the invitation,but this is how I relax.I’d rather not make it something formal and structured.Q:What can we infer about the man?17.M:I heard the recent sculpture exhibit was kind of disappointing.W:That’s right.I guess a lot of other people feel the way I do about modern art.Q:What does the woman mean?18.M:Bob is running for chairman of the student union.Would you vote for him?W:Oh,I can’t decide right now because I have to find out more about the other candidates.Q:What does the woman mean?Part III Listening ComprehensionSection BConversation OneW:I don’t know what to do.I can’t seem to get anyone in the hospital to listen to my complaints and this outdated equipment is dangerous.Just look at it.M:Hmm,uh,are you trying to say that it presents a health hazard?W:Yes,I am.The head technician in the lab tried to persuade the hospital administration to replace it,but they are trying to cut costs.M:You are pregnant,aren’t you?W:Yes,I am.I made an effort to get my supervisor to transfer me to another department,but he urged me not to complain too loudly.Because the administration is more likely to replace me than an X-ray equipment,I’m afraid to refuse to work. But I’m more afraid to expose my unborn child to the radiation.M:I see what you mean.Well,as your union representative,I have to warn you that it would take quite a while to force management to replace the old machines and attempt to get you transferred may or may not be successful.W:Oh,what am I supposed to do then?M:Workers have the legal right to refuse certain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws,the Occupation or Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act.But the requirements of either of the Acts may be difficult to meet.W:Do you think I have a good case?M:If you do lose your job,the union will fight to get it back for you along with back pay,your lost income.But you have to be prepared for a long wait,maybe after two years.Q19.What does the woman complain about?Q20.What has the woman asked her supervisor to do?Q21.What does the man say about the two federal laws?Q22.What will the union do if the woman loses her jobConversation TwoW:Mr.Green,is it fair to say that negotiation is an art?M:Well,I think it’s both an art and science.You can prepare for a negotiation quite scientifically,but the execution of the negotiation has quite a lot to do with one’s artistic quality.The scientific part of a negotiation is in determining your strategy.What do you want out of it?What can you give?Then of course there are tactics.How do you go about it?Do you take an opening position in a negotiation which differs from the eventual goal you are heading for?And then of course there are the behavioral aspects.W:What do you mean by the behavioral aspects?M:Well,that’s I think where the art comes in.In your behavior,you can eitherbe an actor.You can pretend that you don’t like things which you are actually quite pleased about.Or you can pretend to like things which you are quite happy to do without.Or you can be the honest type negotiator who’s known to his partners in negotiation and always plays everything straight.But the artistic part of negotiation I think has to do with responding immediately to cues one gets in the process of negotiation.These can be verbal cues or even body language.This is where the artistic quality comes in.W:So really,you see two types of negotiator then,the actor or the honest one.M:That’right.And both can work.I would say the honest negotiator can be quite effective in some circumstances.In other circumstances you need an actor.Q23.When is a scientific approach best embodied in a negotiation according to the man?Q24.In what way is a negotiator like an actor according to the man?Q25.What does the man say about the two types of negotiator?Part III Listening ComprehensionSection BPassage1Since I started working part-time at a grocery store,I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buy something.To me,a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping card.One of the first things customers forget is how to count.There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line,which is clearly marked15items or less, with20,25or even a cart load of items.Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place.Just as I finish ringing up an order,a customer will say,“Oops,I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread.I hope you don’t mind waiting while I go get it.”Five minutes later,he’s back with the bread,a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels.Strange is that seems customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries.Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries,my customers will wait until I announce the total.Then,in surprise,she says,“Oh no,what did I do with my check book?”After5minutes of digging through her purse,she borrows my pen because she’s forgotten hers.But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary,and that’s something I can’t afford to forget.Q26.What does the speaker say about customers’entering the grocery A scientific team is studying the thinking ability of eleven and half month old children.The test is a simple one.The baby watches a sort of show on a small stage. In Act One of the show,a yellow cube is lifted from a blue box,and moved across the stage.Then it is returned to the box.This is repeated6times.Act Two is similar except that the yellow cube is smaller.Baby boys do not react at all to the difference and the size of the cube.But girls immediately become excited.The scientists interpret the girls’excitement as meaning they are trying to understand what they have just seen.They are wondering why Act Two is odd and how it differs from Act One.In other words,the little girls are reasoning.This experiment certainly does not definitely prove that girls start to reason before boys,but it provides a cluethat scientists would like to study more carefully.Already it is known that bones, muscles and nerves develop faster in baby girls.Perhaps it is early nerve development that makes some infant girls show more intelligence than infant boys. Scientists have also found that nature seems to give another boost to girls.Baby girls usually talk at an earlier age than boys do.Scientists think that there is a physical reason for this.They believe that the nerve endings in the left side of the brain develop faster in girls than in boys,and it is this side of the brain that strongly influences an individual’s ability to use language and remember things.Q26.What is the difference between Act One and Act Two in the test?Q27.How do the scientists interpret their observation from the experiment?Q28.What does the speaker say about the experiment?Q29.According to scientists,what is another advantage given to girls by nature?store?Passage2A super attendant of the city municipal building,Dillia Adorno,was responsible for presenting its new security plan to the public.City employees,citizens and reporters gathered in the hall to hear her describe the plan.After outlining the main points she would cover,she assured the audience that she would be happy to answer questions at the end of her presentation.Dillia realized the plan was expensive and potentially controversial.So she was not surprised to see a number of hands go up as soon as she finished speaking.An employ asked,“Would the new system create long lines to get into the building like the line in the airport security checks?”Dillia had anticipated this question and had an answer ready. After repeating the question,she explained that the sufficient number of security guards would be working at peak hours to speed things along.The next question was more confrontational.”Where was the money come from to pay for all of this?”The journalists who ask the question seem hostile.But Dillia was careful not to adopt the defensive tone.She stated that the money would come from the city’s general budget.“I know these are tide times”,she added,“But everyone agrees on the importance of safe guarding our employees and members of the public who come into the building.”Near the end of the25minutes she has said,Dillia said she would take two more questions.When those were finished,she concluded the session with a brief restatement of how the new system will improve security and peace of mind in the municipal building.Question30to32are based on the passage you have just heard.30.What is the focus of Dillia Adorno’s presentation?31.What question had Dillia Adorno anticipated?32.What did the speakers think of the question from the journalist?Passage3Despite unemployment and the lost of her home,Andrea Clark considers herself a blessed and happy woman.Why the cheerful attitude?Her troubles have brought her closer to her st year,Andrea’s husband,Rick,a miner in Nevada was laid off.Though Andrea kept her job as a school bus driver,she knew that they couldn’tpay their bill and support their youngest of five children,Zack,age nine,on one income.“At first their church helped out,but you can’t keep that up forever”, Andrea says.Then Michal,their eldest of her four adult children suggested they move in with his family.For almost three months,seven Clarks lived under one roof. Andrea,Rick and Zack stayed in the basement department,sharing laundry and single bathroom with Michal,his wife and their two children.The change cut their expenditures in half,but the new living arrangement proved too challenging.When Andrea found a job with a school district closer to her mother’s home in west Jorden,Utah,the family decided to move on.Packing up again with no picnic,Zack had to switch schools for the second time and space is even tighter.Andrea says that the moves themselves are exhausting and Rick is still looking for a job.The recession has certainly come with more problems than Andrea anticipated, but she remains unfailingly optimistic.She is excited to spend more time with her mother.Another plus,rents are lower in Utah than in Nevada.So Andrea thinks they’ll be able to save up and move out in less than6months.QUESTIONS33-35ARE BASED ON THE PASSAGE YOU HAVE JUST HEARD.Q33What do we learn about Andrea’s husband?Q34Why did Andrea move to live in her eldest son’s home?Q35What is Andrea’s attitude toward the hardships brought by the economic recession?Part IIIPart IV【选词填空】the Kids Live Well to be an restaurants must promise to offer at least one children no soft55__________from the ole grains,lean proteins or low-fat dairy,Among meets similar56__________,with fewer than2002J)recommendingC)begin K)speciesD)concern M)stopE)items N)takingF)nationwide O)varietyG)possible【深度阅读】Passage OneQuestions57to61are based on the following passage.News isn’t good:Unemployed than9percent,and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That’s bad for the economy.And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or h careers right now.But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as youThat’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job更替)data. After all,existing jobs open up every day due to promotions,resignation(解雇)，and retirements. (Yes,people are retiring even in this economy.)In both bad,turnover creates more openings than economic growth does.Even in June of economy was still moving ahead,job growth was only 132,000,while turnover wasAnd as it turns out,even today—with job growth near zero—over4million being hired every month.I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s job.It’s true that if total employment were higher,it would mean more jobs for all from(and compete for).And it’s true that there are currently more people applying able job opening,regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t it’s the motivated. They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills about where and how to look;learn how to present themselves to potential employees going,even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four no longer even classified as unemployed.So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up.Four million people get hired the U.S.You can be one of them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2012年12月六级真题及答案解析汇总(完整版)
2012年12月英语六级真题及答案汇总（完整版）Part I WritingA 【标准版】Man and ComputerEver since the birth of it, the computer has largely changed human being’s life and there has been a hot debate about its effects on humans. Undeniably, computers have taken the place of humans in many areas and it seems that computers begin to think like man, but this does not necessarily lead to the danger that man will think like computers.The reasons, in my opinion, are as follows. Firstly, when computers release human from repetitive tasks, humans themselves can spend more time on creative works, such as scientific research, which require imagination and cannot be completed by computers. Meanwhile, thanks to computers, humans get more spare time with their friends and family, which enhances their happiness. Moreover, even though computers can work automatically, the premise is that the program, which is written by humans, has been installed in it.In conclusion, humans, unlike computers, have creative ability, emotionalde sires and social bounds. Thus, I don’t think that there will be the danger that man will begin to think like the computer.【高分版】Man and ComputerIt is believed that the computer is bringing the world into a brand new era. At the time the computer was invented, scientists, marveling at its calculating speed, felt that they had created a miracle. Nowadays, the function of the computer is no longer confined to calculation; it permeates people’s daily lives and has become an inseparable part of human society.People become so heavily dependent on computers that it is hard to imagine the life without computers. Therefore, some people are worried that “The real danger is not that the computer will think like man, but man will think like the computer.” Their concern does make sense. Indeed, some people spend such a long time working on computers that they have few interactions with people in real life. According to a research, too many hours in front of a computer may lead to a poker face and interpersonal isolation. This fact should arouse our attention, because unlike computers, human beings are social creatures that need emotional connections with others.Yet, it is also unnecessary for us to be overwhelmed by the negative impactsof computers. After all, we humans are intelligent and will be able to figure out better ways to make improvements.本次六级作文的题目是人与电脑，对“真正的危险不是电脑开始像人一样思考，而是人开始像电脑一样思考。
2012年12月英语六级真题及答案
2012年12月英语六级真题及答案详解Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay entitled Man and Computer by commenting on the saying,“The real danger is not that the computer will begin to think like man,but that man will begin to think like the computer.”You should write at least150words but no more than200words.Man and ComputerPart II Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）（15minutes）Directions:In this part,you will have15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on A nswer Sheet1.For questions1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).For questions8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Thirst grows for living unpluggedMore people are taking breaks from the connected life amid the stillness and quiet of retreats like the Jesuit Center in Wernersville,Pennsylvania.About a year ago,I flew to Singapore to join the writer Malcolm Gladwell,the fashion designer Marc Ecko and the graphic designer Stefan Sagmeister in addressing a group of advertising people on“Marketing to the Child of Tomorrow.”Soon after I arrived,the chief executive of the agency that had invited us took me aside.What he was most interested in,he began,was stillness and quiet.A few months later,I read an interview with the well-known cutting-edge designer Philippe Starck.What allowed him to remain so consistently ahead of the curve?“I never read any magazines or watch TV,”he said,perhaps with a little exaggeration.“Nor do I go to cocktail parties,dinners or anything like that.”He lived outside conventional ideas,he implied, because“I live alone mostly,in the middle of nowhere.”Around the same time,I noticed that those who part with$2,285a night to stay in a cliff-top room at the Post Ranch Inn in Big Sur,California,pay partly for the privilege of not having a TV in their rooms;the future of travel,I’m reliably told,lies in“black-hole resorts,”which charge high prices precisely because you can’t get online in their rooms.Has it really come to this?The more ways we have to connect,the more many of us seem desperate to unplug. Internet rescue camps in South Korea and China try to save kids addicted to the screen.Writer friends of mine pay good money to get the Freedom software that enables them to disable the very Internet connections that seemed so emancipating not long ago.Even Intel experimented in2007with conferring four uninterrupted hours of quiet time(no phone ore-mail)every Tuesday morning on300engineers and managers.Workers were not allowed to use the phone or send e-mail,but simply had the chance to clear their heads and to hear themselves think.The average American spends at least eight and a half hours a day in front of a screen, Nicholas Carr notes in his book The Shallows.The average American teenager sends or receives75text messages a day,though one girl managed to handle an average of10,000 every24hours for a month.Since luxury is a function of scarcity,the children of tomorrow will long for nothing more than intervals of freedom from all the blinking machines,streaming videos and scrolling headlines that leave them feeling empty and too full all at once.The urgency of slowing down—to find the time and space to think—is nothing new,of course,and wiser souls have always reminded us that the more attention we pay to the moment,the less time and energy we have to place it in some larger context.“Distraction is the only thing that consoles us for our miseries,”the French philosopher Blaise Pascal wrote in the17th century,“and yet it is itself the greatest of our miseries.”He also famously remarked that all of man’s problems come from his inability to sit quietly in a room alone.When telegraphs and trains brought in the idea that convenience was more important than content,Henry David Thoreau reminded us that“the man whose horse trots(奔跑),a mile in a minute does not carry the most important messages.”Marshall McLuhan,who came closer than most to seeing what was coming,warned,“When things come at you very fast,naturally you lose touch with yourself.”We have more and more ways to communicate,but less and less to say.Partly because we are so busy communicating.And we are rushing to meet so many deadlines that we hardly register that what we need most are lifelines.So what to do?More and more people I know seem to be turning to yoga,or meditation(沉思),or tai chi(太极)；these aren’t New Age fads(时尚的事物)so much as ways to connect with what could be called the wisdom of old age.Two friends of mine observe an“Internet sabbath(安息日)”every week,turning off their online connections from Friday night to Monday morning.Other friends take walks and“forget”their cellphones at home.A series of tests in recent years has shown,Mr.Carr points out,that after spending time in quiet rural settings,subjects“exhibit greater attentiveness,stronger memory and generally improved cognition.Their brains become both calmer and sharper.”More thanthat,empathy(同感，共鸣)，as well as deep thought,depends(as neuroscientists like Antonio Damasio have found)on neural processes that are“inherently slow.”I turn to eccentric measures to try to keep my mind sober and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all(which is the only time when I can see what I should be doing the rest of the time).I have yet to use a cellphone and I have never Tweeted or entered Facebook.I try not to go online till my day’s writing is finished,and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan in part so I could more easily survive for long stretches entirely on foot.None of this is a matter of asceticism(苦行主义)；it is just pure selfishness.Nothing makes me feel better than being in one place,absorbed in a book,a conversation,or music.It is actually something deeper than mere happiness:it is joy,which the monk(僧侣)David Steindl-Rast describes as“that kind of happiness that doesn’t depend on what happens.”It is vital,of course,to stay in touch with the world.But it is only by having some distance from the world that you can see it whole,and understand what you should be doing with it.For more than20years,therefore,I have been going several times a year—often for no longer than three days—to a Benedictine hermitage(修道院)，40minutes down the road,as it happens,from the Post Ranch Inn.I don’t attend services when I am there,and I have never meditated,there or anywhere;I just take walks and read and lose myself in the stillness, recalling that it is only by stepping briefly away from my wife and bosses and friends that I will have anything useful to bring to them.The last time I was in the hermitage,three months ago,I happened to meet with a youngish-looking man with a3-year-old boy around his shoulders.“You’re Pico,aren’t you?”the man said,and introduced himself as Larry;we had met, I gathered,19years before,when he had been living in the hermitage as an assistant to one of the monks.“What are you doing now?”I asked.We smiled.No words were necessary.“I try to bring my kids here as often as I can,”he went on.The child of tomorrow,I realized,may actually be ahead of us,in terms of sensing not what is new,but what is essential.1.What is special about the Post Ranch Inn?A)Its rooms are well furnished but dimly lit.B)It makes guests feel like falling into a black hole.C)There is no access to television in its rooms.D)It provides all the luxuries its guests can think of.2.What does the author say the children of tomorrow will need most?A)Convenience and comfort in everyday life.B)Time away from all electronic gadgets.C)More activities to fill in their leisure time.D)Greater chances for individual development.3.What does the French philosopher Blaise Pascal say about distraction?A)It leads us to lots of mistakes.B)It renders us unable to concentrate.C)It helps release our excess energy.D)It is our greatest misery in life.4.According to Marshall McLuhan,what will happen if things come at us very fast?A)We will not know what to do with our own lives.B)We will be busy receiving and sending messages.C)We will find it difficult to meet our deadlines.D)We will not notice what is going on around us.5.What does the author say about yoga,meditation and tai chi?A)They help people understand ancient wisdom.B)They contribute to physical and mental health.C)They are ways to communicate with nature.D)They keep people from various distractions.6.What is neuroscientist Antonio Damasio’s finding?A)Quiet rural settings contribute a lot to long life.B)One’s brain becomes sharp when it is activated.C)Eccentric measures are needed to keep one’s mind sober.D)When people think deeply,their neural processes are slow.7.The author moved from Manhattan to rural Japan partly because he could_______.A)stay away from the noise of the big city.B)live without modern transportation.C)enjoy the beautiful view of the countryside.D)practice asceticism in a local hermitage8.In order to see the world whole,the author thinks it necessary to__________.9.The author takes walks and reads and loses himself in the stillness of the hermitage so that he can bring his wife and bosses and friends___________.10.The youngish-looking man takes his little boy to the hermitage frequently so that when he grows up he will know__________.Part III Listening Comprehension（35minutes）Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A）,B）,C）and D）,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2witha single line through the centre.11.A)Ask his boss for a lighter schedule.B)Trade places with someone else.C)Accept the extra work willingly.D)Look for a more suitable job.12.A)It is unusual for his wife to be at home now.B)He is uncertain where his wife is at the moment.C)It is strange for his wife to call him at work.D)He does not believe what the woman has told him.13.A)The man is going to send out the memo tomorrow.B)The man will drive the woman to the station.C)The speakers are traveling by train tomorrow morning.D)The woman is concerned with the man’s health.14.A)The suite booked was for a different date.B)The room booked was on a different floor.C)The room booked was not spacious enough.D)A suite was booked instead of a double room.15.A)The reason for low profits.B)The company’s sales policy.C)The fierce competition they face.D)The lack of effective promotion.16.A)Go and get the groceries at once.B)Manage with what they have.C)Do some shopping on their way home.D)Have the groceries delivered to them.17.A)The hot weather in summer.B)The problem with the air conditioner.C)The ridiculous rules of the office.D)The atmosphere in the office.18.A)Set a new stone in her ring.B)Find the priceless jewel she lost.C)Buy a ring with precious diamond.D)Shop on Oxford Street for a decent gift.Questions19to22are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)Damaging public facilities.B)Destroying urban wildlife.C)Organising rallies in the park.D)Hurting baby animals in the zoo.20.A)He had bribed the park keepers to keep quiet.B)People had differing opinions about his behaviour.C)The serious consequences of his doings were not fully realised.D)His behaviour was thought to have resulted from mental illness.21.A)Brutal.B)Justifiable.C)Too harsh.D)Well-deserved.22.A)Encouraging others to follow his wrong-doing.B)Stealing endangered animals from the zoo.C)Organising people against the authorities.D)Attacking the park keepers in broad daylight.Questions23to25are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A)She has already left school.B)She works for the handicapped.C)She is fond of practical courses.D)She is good at foreign languages.24.A)He is interested in science courses.B)He attends a boarding school.C)He speaks French and German.D)He is the brightest of her three kids.25.A)Comprehensive schools do not offer quality education.B)Parents decide what schools their children are to attend.C)Public schools are usually bigger in size than private schools.D)Children from low income families can’t really choose schools.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions26to29are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A)Encourage the students to do creative thinking.B)Help the students to develop communication skills.C)Cultivate the students’ability to inspire employees.D)Focus on teaching the various functions of business.27.A)His teaching career at the Harvard Business School.B)His personal involvement in business management.C)His presidency at college and experience overseas.D)His education and professorship at Babson College.28.A)Development of their raw brain power.B)Exposure to the liberal arts and humanities.C)Improvement of their ability in capital management.D)Knowledge of up-to-date information technology.29.A)Reports on business and government corruption.B)His contact with government and business circles.C)Discoveries of cheating among MBA students.D)The increasing influence of the mass media.Passage TwoQuestions30to32are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A)They have better options for their kids than colleges.B)The unreasonably high tuition is beyond their means.C)The quality of higher education may not be worth the tuition.D)They think that their kids should pay for their own education.31.A)They do too many extracurricular activities.B)They tend to select less demanding courses.C)They take part-time jobs to support themselves.D)They think few of the courses worth studying.32.A)Its samples are not representative enough.B)Its significance should not be underestimated.C)Its findings come as a surprise to many parents.D)Its criteria for academic progress are questionable.Passage ThreeQuestions33to35are based on the passage you have just heard.33.A)A newly married couple.B)A business acquaintance.C)Someone good at cooking.D)Someone you barely know.34.A)Obtain necessary information about your guests.B)Collect a couple of unusual or exotic recipes.C)Buy the best meat and the freshest fruit.D)Try to improve your cooking skills.35.A)Losing weight.B)Entertaining guests.C)Making friends.D)Cooking meals.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read forthe second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from36to43with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from44to46you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally,when the passage is readfor the third time,you should check what you have written.People with disabilities comprise a large but diverse segment of the population.It is(36) ______that over35million Americans have physical,mental,or other disabilities.(37)______half of these disabilities are“developmental,”i.e.,they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday,often from(38)______conditions,and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development,such as(39)______,communication and employment. Most other disabilities are considered(40)______,i.e.,caused by outside forces.Before the20th century,only a small(41)______of people with disabilities survived for long.Medical treatment for such conditions as stroke or spinal cord(42)______was unavailable.People whose disabilities should not have inherently affected their life span were often so mistreated that they(43)______.Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which(44).Unfortunately, these basics are often all that is available.Civil liberties such as the right to vote,marry,get an education,and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.(45)_______________________________________________________________________. Disabled people formed grassroots coalitions to advocate their rights to integration and meaningful equality of opportunity.(46).In the mid-1970s, critical legislation mandated（规定）access to education,public transportation,and public facilities,and prohibited employment discrimination by federal agencies or employers receiving federal funds.PartⅣReading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）（25minutes）Section ADirections:In this section,there is a short passage with5questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Please write your answers on Answer Sheet2.Questions47to54are based on the following passage.A key process in interpersonal interaction is that of social comparison,in that we evaluate ourselves in terms of how we compare to others.In particular,we engage in two types of comparison.First,we decide whether we are superior or inferior to others on certain dimensions,such as attractiveness,intelligence,popularity,etc.Here,the important aspect is to compare with an appropriate reference group.For example,modest joggers should not compare their performance with Olympic standard marathon(马拉松)runners.Second,we judge the extent to which we are the same as or different from others.At certain stages of life, especially adolescence,the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense.Thus,wearing the right brand of clothes or shoes may be of the utmost importance.We also need to know whether our thoughts,beliefs and ideas are in line with those of other people.This is part of the process of self-validation whereby we employ self-disclosures to seek support for ourself-concept.People who do not have access to a good listener may not only be denied the opportunity to heighten their self-awareness,but they are also denied valuable feedback as to the validity and acceptability of their inner thoughts and feelings.By discussing these with others,we receive feedback as to whether these are experiences which others have as well,or whether they are less common.Furthermore,by gauging the reactions to our self-disclosures we learn what types are acceptable or unacceptable with particular people and in specific situations.On occasions it is the fear that certain disclosures may be unacceptable to familyor friends that motivates an individual to seek professional help.Counsellors will be familiar with client statements such as:“I just couldn’t talk about this to my husband.”,“I really can’t let my mother know my true feelings.”Another aspect of social comparison in the counselling context relates to a technique known as normalising.This is the process whereby helpers provide reassurance to clients that what they are experiencing is not abnormalor atypical(非典型的),but is a normal reaction shared by others when facing such circumstances.Patient disclosure,facilitated by the therapist,seems also to facilitate the process of normalising.47.To evaluate ourselves,the author thinks it important for us to compare ourselves with_______.48.During adolescence,people generally feel an immense pressure to appear_______.49.It is often difficult for people to heighten their self-awareness without_______.50.What can people do if they find what they think or say unacceptable to family or friends?51.Counsellors often assure their clients that what they experience themselves is only_______.Section BDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A）,B）,C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions52to56are based on the following passage.Amid all the job losses,there’s one category of worker that the economic disruption has been good for:nonhumans.From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal bodies in slaughter-houses,these ever-more-intelligent machines are now not just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs.Automation isn’t just affecting factory workers,either.Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents,work that previously was performed by highly-paid human lawyers.“Robots continue to have an impact on blue-collar jobs,and white-collar jobs are under attack by microprocessors,”says economics professor Edward Leamer.The recession permanently wiped out2.5million jobs.U.S.gross domestic product has climbed back to pre-recession levels,meaning we’re producing as much as before,only with6%fewer workers.To be sure,robotics are not the only job killers out there,with outsourcing(外包) stealing far more jobs than automation.Jeff Burnstein,president of the Robotics Industry Association,argues that robots actually save U.S.jobs.His logic:companies that embrace automation might use fewer workers,but that’s still better than firing everyone and moving the work overseas.It’s not that robots are cheaper than humans,though often they are.It’s that they’re better.“In some cases the quality requirements are so exacting that even if you wanted to have a human do the job,you couldn’t,”Burnstein says.Same goes for surgeons,who’re using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list of operations—not because the machines save money but because,thanks to the greater precision of robots,the patients recover in less time and have fewer complications,says Dr. Myriam Curet.Surgeons may survive the robot invasion,but others at the hospital might not be so lucky, as iRobot,maker of the Roomba,a robot vacuum cleaner,has been showing off Ava,which could be used as a messenger in a hospital.And once you’re home,recovering,Ava could let you talk to your doctor,so there’s no need to send someone to your house.That“mobile telepresence”could be useful at the office.If you’re away on a trip,you can still attend a meeting.Just connect via videoconferencing software,so your face appears on Ava’s screen. Is any job safe?I was hoping to say“journalist,”but researchers are already developing software that can gather facts and write a news story.Which means that a few years from now,a robot could be writing this column.And who will read it?Well,there might be a lot of us hanging around with lots of free time on our hands.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2012年12月英语六级考前终极预测3套题+答案!
1. 目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习2. 形成这种趋势的原因3. 我对此的看法Overseas Study at an Early AgePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Next Disaster: Are We Ready?Are We Really Prepared?After the attacks on September 11 and the hurricanes that slammed the Gulf Coast last year, you'd expect our major cities to be ready with disaster plans that will save lives and property. There's no doubt we'll be hit again—maybe even harder—because the list of possible calamities(灾难)is long: from a bird flu pandemic to a massive California earthquake, to more monster storms, to another terrorist attack.But are we really prepared to protect people, as well as their homes and businesses? Every major urban area has received federal funding, much of it from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in order to make their cities more secure. But there are no set criteria for measuring preparedness (the feds are working on that), and the quality of disaster plans varies widely throughout the country.So we decided to do an independent assessment of 10 high-risk urban areas, focusing on key security indicators. We analyzed public data, consulted with federal and local emergency workers, and contacted the mayors' offices to gauge(测量)the readiness of these cities to meet both natural and man-made disasters.Our criteria fell under three main categories: Emergency Readiness, Crisis Communications, and Medical Response.Emergency ReadinessAre there at least 1,000 first responders (such as police, fire and EMTs) per 100,000 residents? They're our first line of protection in almost any disaster situation—professionals who are trained to handle everything from rescuing victims to providing first aid, to enforcing quarantines(封锁), to directing traffic for evacuations(疏散).Are there federal search-and-rescue teams based within 50 miles? Large cities often have specialized teams to deal with such things as high-rise-building rescues or hazardous chemical spills. But these squads are sometimes small, ill-equipped, or run on a shoestring. This is not true of federal urban search-and-rescue task forces that the DHS supports across the country. Each task force is made of 62 members and 4 canines, as well as a "comprehensive cache" of equipment. DHS task forces are not automatically assigned; a city needs to apply and present its case.Has the city or state earned "green status" from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? Suppose that in the midst of a flu pandemic or bio terror attack, your city ran low on critical medicines. The CDC stands ready to help by distributing drugs and medical equipment from its Strategic National Stockpile. But the agency wants to know that a city or state is able to quickly mobilize hundreds of health workers and volunteers trained to handle the logistics, and has space set aside for storage and refrigeration. You're best off if your city has earned the CDC's "green status"—even if the state itself has not—because it means local health teams can handle the supplies on their own.Does the city website explain clearly what to do in case of evacuation? Who can forget the images of stranded New Orleans residents, or the 5-mph crawl out of Houston? It turned out that New Orleans's evacuation plans were both inadequate and poorly communicated. One way cities can avoid a similar nightmare is to put clear and easy-to-find evacuation information on their websites. Some cities, such as Boston and Washington, post the preferred street routes. Others, like Las Vegas, won't disclose details due to security fears, but their websites may provide ways to quickly get evacuation details when you need them (such as numbers to call or alert services you can sign up for). Among the more important things to address are people without vehicles of their own (a huge failing in New Orleans) and instructions for pet owners.Does the website include details for residents with special needs? In July 1995, a vicious heat wave killed nearly 500 people in Chicago; a disproportionate number of them were older residents who lived alone. In any crisis, the elderly and disabled can be uniquely vulnerable. That's why cities such as Houston are creating registries of residents who would need special help. Such lists would indicate, for instance, that a certain person in a certain apartment building is wheel-chair-bound. Other cities are instructing people with disabilities to call 911 for assistance—though this relies on phone systems that could be overloaded or go dead. If a city's disaster planning shows no awareness of special-needs people, it isn't complete.Crisis CommunicationsCan first responders—police, fire and medical—talk to one another? On September 11, firefighters died inside the World Trade Center because they could not make contact with police helicopters trying to radio warnings. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem, and converting or replacing decades-old radio systems can be a long, expensive process. Cities have gotten a big boost if they've taken part in RapidCom, a DHS program providing technical assistance and training that speeds up the transition.Has the city adopted E911? Many cities have upgraded their 911 call centers in recent years, but they're even better prepared if they've incorporated "E911" (or "enhanced 911"). This technology enables emergency operators to identify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems. If you wind up stranded in floodwaters, E911 could save your life.Does the city provide 24-hour emergency alerts? What if an evacuation order goes out, but it's 3 a.m. and you're sound asleep? Not a problem if your city has a way of alerting you at any time of day. Some rely on street sirens(警报器)to do the trick. Others have used their websites to invite residents to sign up for e-mail notifications or automated phone calls in an emergency.Medical ResponseAre there at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents? Getting to victims quickly is a critical first step. But you'd better have a place to take them for treatment.A reasonable standard, according to preparedness experts, is 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 people—a ratio that would likely mean a city could find enough spare beds in an emergency. Of course, beds alone won't s help a massive number of burn victims or people suffering from chemical exposure unless the hospital is prepared to treat them. But all the cities in our survey have specialty units in their hospitals that can handle such cases.Are local teams trained to respond quickly and work together? If and urban area was targeted by weapons of mass destruction, city health officials couldn't just wait for federal help to arrive. First responders and hospital would need to react right away. They could also need medical volunteers—say, to help vaccinate people or distribute medicines and supplies. How to ensure that all these professionals and volunteers work together as seamlessly as possible? If a city is part of DHS's Metropolitan Medical Response System, it has obtained federal assistance in developing plans, and has received critical training and equipment.Are there labs nearby that specialize in biological and chemical threats? The CDC is on the cutting edge with its Laboratory Response Network—integrated labs nationwide that have the equipment and expertise to quickly identify pathogens and toxic chemicals. An LRN lab in Florida was the first to detect anthrax(炭疽热)in terrorist mailings in 2001. Laboratories can be members only if they have highly trained staff and exceptional facilities, as well as track record of testing accuracy. A handful of LRN labs qualify as "Level 1", meaning they can test for chemical poisons such as mustard and nerve agents.1. A bird flu, a massive earthquake, a monster storm and a terrorist attack are all threats to major cities in the U.S.2. The author does an assessment of all high-risk urban areas in the U.S.3. Policemen, firemen and emergency doctors all can be called first responders.4. Each federal urban search-and-rescue task force is made up of at least 60 members.5. If a city has earned the CDC's green status "green status", it means that its local health teams can ________ on their own.6. You can get evacuation details through the ways provided by the website of Las Vegas though it doesn't disclose the details due to ________.7. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem in the U.S. because of the ________ which should be converted or replaced.8. Emergency operators can identify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems with the use of ________.9. According to preparedness experts, if a city has at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents, it could find ________ in an emergency.10. As a part of DHS's Metropolitan Medical Response System, a city can obtain ________ in developing plans.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.By the mind-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns(酒馆), and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern fridge, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox as not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary(未发展的). The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.47. What is the topic of the passage?48. Where was ice used after the Civil War?49. What was essential to a science of refrigeration according to the passage?50. It can be inferred from the passage that the theoretical foundation of ice box should be that ________.51. Without an ice box, farmers had to go to the market at night because ________.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 66 are based on the following passage.Racket, din clamor, noise. Whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress.Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night.The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement(消除) programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other things may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.Of the many health hazards related to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in healthy persons may have serious consequences for those already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not vet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.52. The phrase "immune to" (Line 3, Para. 1) are used to mean ________.[A] unaffected by [B] hurt by[C] unlikely to be seen by [D] unknown by53. The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as ________.[A] unrealistic [B] traditional [C] concerned [D] hysterical54. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?[A] Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.[B] Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.[C] Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.[D] Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.55. The author condemns noise essentially because it ________.[A] is against the law [B] can make some people irritable[C] is a nuisance [D] is a danger to people's health56. The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be ________.[A] unimportant [B] impossible[C] a waste of money [D] essentialPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Freshwater life itself has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since The Old Testament(旧约全书), God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain. Water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November.The region's accelerating population, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more freshwater. Drought and pollution limit its a availability. War and mismanagement waste it. Said Joyce Starr of the Global Water Summit Initiative, based in Washington, D.C. "Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are suing all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened."I came here to examine this crisis in the making, to investigate fears that "water wars" are imminent, that water has replaced oil as the region's most contentious commodity. For more than two months I traveled through three river valleys and seven nations—from southern Turkey down the Euphrates River to Syria, Iraq, and on to Kuwait; to Israel and Jordan, neighbors across the valley of the Jordan; to the timeless Egyptian Nile.Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. compared with the United States, which in 1990 had freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters (2.6 million gallons) a year for each citizen, Iraq had 5,500, Turkey had 4,000, and Syria had more than 2,800. Egypt's potential was only 1,100. Israel had 460. Jordan had a meager 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream.Scarcity is only one element of the crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, water seldom stands alone as an issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.As Israeli hydrology professor Uri Shamir told me:" If there is political will for peace, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will give you ample opportunities."57. Why does the author use the phrase "for next November" (Line 3, Para. 1)?[A] According to the Old Testament freshwater is available only in November.[B] Rainfall comes only in winter starting from November.[C] Running water systems will not be ready until next November.[D] It is a custom in that region that irrigation to crops is done only in November.58. What is NOT the cause for the imminent water war?[A] Lack of water resources. [B] Lack of rainfall.[C] Inefficient use of water. [D] Water has replaced oil.59. One way for the region to use water efficiently is to ________.[A] develop other enterprises that cost less water[B] draw a plan of irrigation for the various nations[C] import water from water-rich nations[D] stop wars of any sort for good and all60. Uri Shamir's viewpoint is that ________.[A] nations in that region are just fighting for water[B] people there are thirsty for peace instead of water[C] water is no problem as long as there is peace[D] those nations have every reason to fight for water61. The author's tone in the article can be described as ________.[A] depressing [B] urgent [C] joking [D] mocking72. The Grand Canyon is ________________(最宽处达两万四千米).73. If you had followed my advice, ________________(你现在就能完成工作了).74. In view of the practical need of society, ________________(有越来越多的人对学习英语感兴趣).75. A good book is a best friend ________________(从不拒绝我们).76. It was not until last Friday ________________(他读完了他妈妈送给他的那本书).2010年6月大学英语六级考试全真预测试卷三答案详解Part I WritingOverseas Study at an Early AgeNowadays, more and more parents are eager to send their children to study abroad before they finish high school by whatever means and at whatever cost.It is quite understandable for parents to send their children to study overseas because they place high expectations on their children. They are encouraged by the success stories of those who have completed their overseas study. With the development of economy, companies and institutions at home are giving more and more emphasis on overseas experiences, too.Consequently, pursuing overseas study has become a kind of short cut in gaining a better future. Moreover, there is still one underlying reason for this rush-economic reason. The rapid economic progress in the past few years in China has enabled more and more parents to afford the huge cost for their children’s overseas study.As for me, overseas study is surely a helpful way to get both advanced knowledge and necessary experiences, but overseas study at an early age is neither necessary nor beneficial. The students may be too young to either tend for themselves or think for themselves. I do think that overseas study can contribute to one’s self-improvement, but it’s better to be pursued after one has finished his college study at home, when he is more capable of learning and living on his own .Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning).1. Y2. NG3. Y。
2012年12月英语六级真题及答案(1)
2012年12月大学英语六级（CET-6）真题试卷Part III Liste ning Comprehe nsion (35 minu tes)Sectio n ADirecti ons: In this sect ion, you will hear 8 short conv ersati ons and 2 long con versati ons. At the end of each conv ersatio n, one or more questi ons will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ) , B),C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She can count on the man for help. C) She can lend the man a sleep ing bag.B) She has other pla ns for this weeke nd. D) She has got camp ing gear for rent.12. A) The man should keep his words. C) Karen always supports her at work.B) She regrets asking the man for help. D) Karen can take her to the airport13. A) He can't afford to go traveling yet. C) He usually checks his brakes before a tripB) His trip to Hawaii was not enjo yable. D) His trip to Hawaii has used up all his mon ey.14. A) There was no thi ng left except some pie. C) The woma n is going to prepare the dinner.B) The man has to find something else to eat. D) Julie has been invited for dinner.15. A) Submit no more tha n three letters. C) Apply to three graduate schools.B) Present a new letter of referenee. D) Send Professor Smith a letter.16. A) He decli nes to join the garde ning club.B) He is a professi onal garde ner in tow n.C) He prefers to keep his garde ning skills to himself.D) He wishes to receive formal trai ning in garde ning.17. A) Sculpture is not a typical form of modern art.B) Moder n art cannot express people's true feeli ngs.C) The rece nt sculpture exhibit was not well orga ni zed.D) Many people do not appreciate moder n art.18. A) Bob does not have much cha nee to win. C) Bob cannot count on her vote.B) She will vote for ano ther can didate. D) She knows the right pers on for the positi onQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Poor man ageme nt of the hospital. C) Decisi ons made by the head tech nician.B) The health hazard at her work place. D) The outdated medical test ing procedures.20. A) Tran sfer her to ano ther departme nt. C) Cut dow n her workload.B) Repair the X-ray equipme nt. D) Allow her to go on leave for two mon ths.21 .A) They are virtually impossible to en force. C) Both of them have bee n subject to criticism.B) Neither is applicable to the woman's case. D) Their requirements may be difficult to meet.22. A) Organize a mass strike. C) Try to help her get it back.B) Compe nsate for her loss. D) Find her a better pay ing job.Questio ns 23 to 25 are based on the conv ersati on you have just heard.23. A) In giving con cessi ons. C) In stati ng your terms.B) In the con cludi ng part. D) In the preparatory phase.24. A) He behaves in a way con trary to his real inten ti on.B) He prese nts his argume nts in a straightforward way.C) He resp onds readily to the other party's proposals.D) He uses lots of gestures to help make his points clear.25. A) Both may fail when confronting experieneed rivals.B) The hon est type is more effective tha n the actor type.C) Both can succeed depe nding on the specific situati on.D) The actor type works better in tough n egotiatio ns.Sectio n BDirecti ons: In this sect ion, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the cen tre.Passage OneQuesti ons 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) The shape of the cubes used. C) The number of times of repeating the process.B) The size of the objects show n. D) The weight of the boxes moving across the stage.27. A) Boys enjoy playing with cubes more than girls.B) Girls tend to get excited more easily tha n boys.C) Girls seem to start reas oning earlier tha n boys.D) Boys pay more atte nti on to moving objects tha n girls.28. A) It is a breakthrough in the study of the n erve system.B) It may stimulate scie ntists to make further studies.C) Its result helps understand babies' language ability.D) Its findings are quite contrary to previous research.29. A) The two sides of their brain develop simultaneously. C) Their bones mature earlier. B) They are better able to adapt to the surroundings. D) They talk at an earlier age.Passage TwoQuesti ons 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) The new security plan for the municipal building.B) The bluepri nt for the developme nt of the city.C) The con troversy over the new office regulati ons.D) The city's general budget for the coming year.31 .A) Whether the security checks were really n ecessary.B) How to cope with the huge crowds of visitors to the muni cipal build ingC) Whether the security checks would create long queues at peak hours.D) How to train the n ewly recruited security guards.32. A) Irrelevant. B) Straightforward. C) Ridiculous. D) Confrontational.Passage ThreeQuesti ons 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He used to work as a miner in Nevada. C) He con siders himself a blessed man.B) He works hard to support his five kids. D) He once taught at a local high school34 .A) To be nearer to Zac's school. C) To cut their living expenses.B) To look after her gran dchildre n.D) To help with the household chores.35. A) Skeptical. B) Optimistic. C) Indifferent. D) Realistic.Sectio n CDirecti ons: In this sect ion, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for thefirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with theexact words you have just heard. For bla nks nu mbered from 44 to 46 you are requiredto fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact wordsyou have just heard or write dow n the mai n poi nts in your own words. Fin ally, whe nthe passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have writte n.Mountain climb ing is beco ming popular sport, but it is also a (36) _____ dan gerous one. People can fall; they may also become ill. One of the most com mon dan gers to climbers is altitude sick ness, which can affect eve n very (37) _ climbers.Altitude sick ness usually begi ns whe n a climber goes above 8 000 or 9 000 feet. The higher one climbs, the less oxyge n there is in the air. Whe n people don't get eno ugh oxyge n, they ofte n beg in to (38) _____ for air. They may also feel (39) ______ and light-headed. Besides these symptoms of altitude sick ness, others such as headache and (40) ______ may also occur. At heights of over 18000 feet, people may be climbi ng in a (41) ______ d az(恍惚).This state of mi nd can have an (42) _______ effect on their judgme nt.A few (43)_______ can help most climbers avoid altitude sickness. The first is not to go too high too fast. If you climb to 10 000 feet, stay at that height for a day or two. (44) _______ .Or if you do climb higher sooner, come back dow n to a lower height whe n you sleep. Also, drink ple nty of liquids and avoid tobacco and alcohol. (45) _______ . You breathe less whe n you sleep, so you get less oxyge n.The most important warning is this: if you have severe symptoms and they don't go away, go down!(46) _______ .in 【听力】Sectio n A11.M: I ' d like to go camping with you this weekend, but I don ' t have a sleeping bag.W: No problem. You can count on me to get one for you. My family has tons of camp ing gear. Q: What does the woma n mean?答案：She can lend the man a sleeping bag.【解析】这是一道较为简单的推理题，前提是考生需知道 camping gear 表示野餐用具，露营装备”由此可知，camping gear 包括sleeping bag 即女士能借给男士一个睡袋，此题的 设置稍微绕了个小弯，为考生解题设置了一定难度。
2012年12月英语六级真题及答案详细解析版(3)
2012年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Man and Computer by co mmenting on the saying, “The real danger is not that the computer willbegin to thin k like man, but that man will begin to think like the computer.” You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Man and ComputerPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.In a Digital Age, Students Still Cling to Paper TextbooksThey text their friends all day long. At night, they do research for their term papers on laptops and commune with their parents on Skype. But as they walk the paths of Hamilton College, aposter-perfect liberal arts school in this upstate village, students are still hauling around bulky,old-fashioned textbooks-and loving it."The screen won't go blank," said Faton Begolli, a junior from Boston. "There can't be a virus. It wouldn't be the same without books. They've defined 'academia' (学术) for a thousand years." Though the world of print is receding before a tide of digital books, blogs and other Web sites, a generation of college students growing up with technology appears to be holding fast to traditional textbooks. That loyalty comes at a price. Textbooks are expensive-a year's worth can cost$700to$900-and students' frustrations with the expense, as well as the emergence of new technology, have produced a perplexing array of options for obtaining them.Internet retailers like Amazon and are selling new and used books. They have been joined by several Web services that rent textbooks to students by the semester. Some 1 500 college bookstores are also offering rentals this fall, up from 300 last year. Here at Hamilton, students this year have a new way to avoid the middleman: a nonprofit Web site, created by the college'sEntrepreneur Club, that lets them sell used books directly to one another. 专家授课权威讲解考试必过The explosion of outlets and formats-including digital books, which are rapidly becoming more sophisticated- has left some students bewildered. After completing the difficult job of course selection, they are forced to weigh cost versus convenience, analyze their own study habits and guess which texts they will want for years to come and which they will not miss."It depends on the course," said Victoria Adesoba, a student at New York University who was standing outside that school's bookstore, a powder-blue book bag slung over her shoulder “Last semester, I rented for psychology, and it was cheaper. But for something like organic chemistry, I need to keep the book. E-textbooks are good, but it's tempting to go on Facebook, and it can strain your eyes."For all the talk that her generation is the most technologically knowledgeable in history,paper-and-ink textbooks do not seem destined to disappear anytime soonAccording to the National Association of College Stores, digital books make up just under 3% of textbook sales, although the association expects that share to grow to 10-15% by 2012 as more titles are made available as e-books.In two recent studies-one by the association and another by the Student Public Interest Research Groups-three- quarters of the students surveyed said they still preferred a bound book to a digital version.Many students are reluctant to give up the ability to flip quickly between chapters, write in the margins and highlight passages, although new software applications are beginning to allow students to use e-textbooks that way."Students grew up learning from print books." said Nicole Allen. the textbooks campaign director for the research groups, "so as they transition to higher education, it's not surprising that they prefer a format that they are most accustomed to."Indeed, many Hamilton students grow passionate about the weighty volumes they still carry from dorm room to lecture hall to library, even as they compulsively(克制不住地)check their smartphones for text messages and c-mails."I believe that the codex is one of mankind's best inventions," said Jonathan Piskor, a junior from North Carolina, using the Latin term for book.That passion may be one reason that Barnes & Noble College Booksellers is working so hard to market its new software application, NOOKstudy, which allows students to navigate c-textbooks on Macs and PCs. The company, which operates 636 campus bookstores nationwide, introduced the free application last summer in hopes of luring more students to buy its electronic textbooks. "The real obstacle is getting them to try it," said Tracey Weber, the company's executive vicepresident.The company is giving away "College Kick-Start Kits" to students who download NOOKstudy in the fall semester, with a dozen classic c-books like The Canterbury Tales and The Scarlet Letter. CourseSrnart is letting students try any c-textbook free for two weeks.But not every textbook is available in digital or rental format. At Hamilton, for instance, only about one-fifth of the titles are sold as c-textbooks this fall. A stroll through the campus store revealed the price difference. A book on constitutional law,for instance, was$189.85 new $142.40 usedand$85.45 for rent. (Typically, an e-textbook is cheaper than a used book, though more expensive than a rental.)The expense of college textbooks, which is estimated to have risen four times the inflation rate in recent years, has become such a concern that some politicians are taking up the cause. Last month, Senator Charles E. Schumer of New York urged more college stores to rent books, after a survey of 38 campus bookstores in New York City and on Long Island by his office found that 16 did not offer the option.On Thursday, students at more than 40 colleges nationwide are planning an Affordable Textbooks Day of Action to encourage faculty members to assign texts that are less expensive, or offered free online.For now, buying books the old-fashioned way-new or used-prevails. Charles Schmidt, the spokesman for the National Association of College Stores, said that if a campus store sold a new book for$100, it would typically buy the book back for$50 at semester's end and sell it to the next student for$75.The buy-back price plunges, however, if the professor drops the book from the syllabus or if the bookstore has bought enough books to meet demand. When Louis Boguchwal, majoring in economics and math, tried to sell a$100 linear algebra(线性代数)textbook back to the college bookstore, he was offered$15."It was insulting," he said. "They give you next to nothing."Thus, the creation of Hamilton's new nonprofit Web site, get my textbooks. org. So far, traffic has been light: only about 70 books have been sold this fall. But Jason Mariasis, president of the Entrepreneur Club, said he expected sales to pick up as word spread.Mr. Begolli. a member of the club, recently sold three German novels for$17 on the site. "If I had sold them back to the bookstore, I would have gotten$7 or$8,"he said. "The bookstore is king when it comes to textbook sales. We felt there should be something for students, by students."Yet some students have to go it alone. Rosemary Rocha, an N.Y.U. student pursuing a degree in hospitality and tourism management, added up her required reading for the semester: $600. "It's harsh," she said. "I'm currently collecting unemployment, so that's not going to happen."Instead, she waits to borrow the few copies her professors leave on reserve at the library, or relies on the kindness of classmates. "My friends will let me borrow their books in exchange for coffee or a slice of pizza," she said. "I very seldom buy the textbooks, but I'm always like a chicken without a head."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年12月英语六级真题及答案（多题多卷）
2012年12月英语六级真题及答案（多题多卷）（一）Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Man and Computer by commenting on the saying, "The real danger is not that the computer will begin to think like man, but that man will begin to think like the computer. "You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡I上作答。
Man and ComputerPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Thirst grows for living unplugged More people are taking breaks from the connected life amid the stillness and quiet of retreats like the Jesuit Center in Wernersville, Pennsylvania About a year ago, I flew to Singapore to join the writer Malcolm Gladwell, the fashion designer Marc Ecko and the graphic designer Stefan Sagmeister in addressing a group of advertising people on "Marketing to the Child of Tomorrow". Soon after I arrived, the chief executive of the agency that had invited us took me aside. What he was most interested in. he began, was stillness and quiet.A few months later, I read an interview with the well-known cutting-edge designer Philippe Starck. What allowed him to remain so consistently ahead of the curve? "I never read any magazines or watch TV," he said, perhaps with a littleexaggeration. "Nor do I go to cocktail parties, dinners or anything like that." He lived outside conventional ideas, he implied, because "1 live alone mostly, in the middle of nowhere."Around the same time, I noticed that those who part with$2285 a night to stay in a cliff-top room at the Post Ranch Inn in Big Sur, California, pay partly for the privilege of not having a TV in their rooms; the future of travel, I'm reliably told, lies in "black-hole resorts," which charge high prices precisely because you can't get online in their rooms.Has it really come to this? The more ways we have to connect, the more many of us seem desperate to unplug. Internet rescue camps in South Korea and China try to save kids addicted to the screen.Writer friends of mine pay good money to get the Freedom software that enables them to disable the very Internet connections that seemed so emancipating not long ago. Even Intel experimented in 2007 with conferring four uninterrupted hours of quiet time (no phone or e-mail) every Tuesday morning on 300 engineers and managers. Workers were not allowed to use the phone or send e-mail, but simply had the chance to clear their heads and to hear themselves think.The average American spends at least eight and a half hours a day in front of a screen.Nicholas Carr notes in his book The Shallows. The average American teenager sends or receives 75 text messages a day, though one girl managed to handle an average of 10 000 every 24 hours for a month.Since luxury is a function of scarcity, the children of tomorrow will long for nothing more than intervals of freedom from all the blinking machines, streaming videos and scrollingheadlines that leave them feeling empty and too full all at once.The urgency of slowing down-to find the time and space to think-is nothing new, of course, and wiser souls have always reminded us that the more attention we pay to the moment, the less time and energy we have to place it in some larger context." Distraction is the only thing that consoles us for our miseries." the French philosopher Blaise Pascal wrote in the 17th century, "and yet it is itself the greatest of our miseries." He also famously remarked that all of man's problems come from his inability to sit quietly in a room alone.When telegraphs and trains brought in the idea that convenience was more important than content, Henry David Thoreau reminded us that'. the man whose horse trots（奔跑）a mile in a minute does not carry the most important messages."Marshall McLuhan, who came closer than most to seeing what was coming, warned. "When things come at you very fast, naturally you lose touch with yourself" We have more and more ways to communicate, but less and less to say. Partly because we are so busy communicating. And we are rushing to meet so many deadlines that we hardly register that what we need most are lifelines. So what to do? More and more people I know seem to be turning to yoga, or meditation （沉思）,or tai chi（太极）;these aren't New Age fads（时尚的事物）so much as ways to connect with what could be called the wisdom of old age. Two friends of mine observe an "Internet sabbath（安息日）"every week, turning off their online connections from Friday night to Monday morning. Other friends take walks and "forget" their cellphones at home.A series of tests in recent years has shown. Mr. Carr points out, that after spending time in quiet rural settings, subjects"exhibit greater attentiveness, stronger memory and generally improved cognition. Their brains become both calmer and sharper." More than that, empathy（同感，共鸣）,as well as deep thought. depends (as neuroscientists like Antonio Damasio have found) on neural processes that are 'inherently slow."I turn to eccentric measures to try to keep my mind sober and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all (which is the only time when I can see what I should be doing the rest of the time).I have yet to use a cell phone and I have never Tweeted or entered Facebook. I try not to go online till my day's writing is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan in part so I could more easily survive for long stretches entirely on foot. None of this is a matter of asceticism （苦行主义）;it is just pure selfishness. Nothing makes me feel better than being in one place, absorbed in a book. A conversation, or music. It is actually something deeper than mere happiness: it is joy. which the monk （僧侣）David Steindl-Rast describes as "that kind of happiness thatdoesn't depend on what happens."It is vital, of course, to stay in touch with the world. But it is only by having some distance from the world that you can see it whole, and understand what you should be doing with it.For more than 20 years. therefore, I have been going several times a year-often for no longer than three days- to a Benedictine hermitage（修道院）,40 minutes down the road, as it happens, from the Post Ranch Inn. I don't attend services when I am there, and 1 have never meditated, there or anywhere; I just take walks and read and lose myself in the stillness, recalling that it is only by stepping briefly away from my wife and bosses and friends that I will have anything useful to bring to them. The last time 1was in the hermitage, three months ago. I happened to meet with a youngish-looking man with a 3-year-old boy around his shoulders."You're Pico aren't you?" the man said, and introduced himself as Larry; we had met, 1 gathered, 19 years before, when he had been living in the hermitage as an assistant to one of the monks."What are you doing now?" I asked. We smiled. No words were necessary."I try to bring my kids here as often as I can," he went on. The child of tomorrow, I realized, may actually be ahead of us, in terms of sensing not what is new, but what is essential.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡I 上作答。
2012年12月英语四六级真题答案及详解（完整版）
2012年12月英语六级试题答案(完整版)Part ⅠWritingMy View on University RankingIn recent years, all kinds of University Ranking Lists can be found on some educational websites, or newspapers. The ranking standards also vary. These lists have great influence on students. They are even becoming the only scale to evaluate the colleges and universities.People hold different views toward this phenomenon. Some believe that these lists help the students a lot, especially for those who will choose their university. While some other protest vigorously. In their points, the list is really ridiculous and harmful. In my view, the university ranking may have its own reference values, but its disadvantages overweigh its values.For those university-students-to-be, they are supposed to choose the school according to his or her own situation, but not the so-called Ranking List. What’s more, how about the university students? How do they feel about themselves when they see the ranking? The list may become some intangible shackles for them if their own school ranks poorly.In a nutshell, there is no easy method to rank these universities, but the Ranking, only helps students ignore the essentials, namely, their ninety-nine percent perspiration.此次六级作文的自由度很大，看似给出了提纲，实际上具体的观点全靠个人发挥。
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六级考前最新命制试卷一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Graduates’ Craze for Joining the Army. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1. 近几年一股大学毕业生―参军热‖在大学校园兴起2. 出现这一现象的原因3. 作为大学生，我如何看待大学生当兵现象College Graduates’ Craze for Joining the Army________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) andD). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.7 Health Problems for the Modern AgeModern life, with its emphasis on information, automation, computerization, and globalization, has made work easier and given us more leisure options, but we now have a whole host of new health problems. Only time will tell if these modern health problems disappear like 8-track tapes and rotary phones. Until then, here are some of the new maladies (疾病) we have in store for us.Computer Vision SyndromeIf you spend all day staring at a computer screen, you may be at risk for computer vision syndrome (CVS), also called occupational asthenopia. CVS includes all eye or vision-related problems suffered by people who spend a lot of time on computers. According to the American Optometric Association, symptoms of CVS include headaches; dry, red, or burning eyes; blurred or double vision; trouble focusing; difficulty distinguishing colors; sensitivity to light; and even pain in the neck or back. As many as 75 percent of computer users have symptoms of CVS due to glare, poor lighting, and improper workstation setup. To overcome CVS, keep your monitor about two feet away from you and six inches below eye level, and be sure it's directly in front of you to minimize eye movement. Adjust lighting to remove any glare or reflections. Y ou can also adjust the brightness on your monitor to ease eyestrain. Even simple steps can help, like looking away from your monitor every 20 or 30 minutes and focusing on something farther away. And you can always use eyedrops to perk up your peepers!Earbud-related Hearing LossEarbuds are the headphones used with many digital music players. They fit inside the ear but don't cancel out background noise, requiring users to turn up the volume, often to 110 to 120 decibels—loud enough to cause hearing loss after only an hour and 15 minutes. And today, people spend much more time listening to their portable players, exposing themselves to damaging noise for longer periods of time. As a result, young people are developing the type of hearing loss normally seen in much older adults. Experts recommend turning down the volume and limiting the amount of time spent listening to music players to about an hour a day. Headphones that fit outside the ear canal also help, as can noise-canceling headphones that reduce background noise so listeners don't have to crank up the volume. E-thrombosisThis condition is related to deep vein thrombosis(血栓形成), where blood clots (血栓) form in deep veins, such as those in the legs. These clots can be fatal if they migrate to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism. Clots can form when blood supply slows or stops, such as in a period of prolonged immobility. Similarly, e-thrombosis is the development of clots in the deep veins of someone who spends long amounts of time in front of a computer without moving. Although only a handful of e-thrombosis cases have been reported, millions of people who spend most of their time in front of a computer are at risk. A voiding e-thrombosis is simple: stand up and move around every hour, tap your toes while you work, put equipment and supplies in different parts of your work area so you have to move to get them, don't cross your legs while sitting at your desk, don't spend your lunch break at your desk (go for a quick walk instead), and don't get too comfortable—if your workspace is ultra-cozy, you won't want to get up.Generalized Anxiety DisorderWe all have worries, uncertainties, and fears, but generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is excessive or unrealistic unease or concern about life's problems. Although the disorder often manifests without any specific cause, large issues of modern life (such as terrorism, the economy, and crime) can bring it about, as can individual circumstances like dealing with an illness. GAD affects about 6.8 million people in the United States, and symptoms include restlessness, fatigue, irritability, impatience, difficulty concentrating, headaches, upset stomach, and shortness of breath. Anxiety disorders like GAD are treated with antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, psychotherapy, or a combination of these.Orthorexia NervosaIt seems like every day there's a new report about something you shouldn't eat. The constant bombardment of information about food and health can confuse anyone, but for people who have the eating disorder orthorexia nervosa, it can be downright dangerous. People with this condition are obsessed with eating healthful food and have constructed strict diets that they follow religiously. Although many people who have orthorexia nervosa become underweight, thinness is not their goal—nutritional purity is. Among the signs of orthorexia nervosa are: spending more than three hours a day thinking about healthful food; planning meals days in advance; feeling virtuous from following a strict healthful diet, but not enjoying eating; feeling socially isolated (such strict diets make it hard to eat anywhere but at home); and feeling highly critical of those who do not follow a similar diet. Although the psychiatric community does not officially recognize orthorexia nervosa as a disorder, those with the condition benefit from psychological treatment and sessions with eating-disorder specialists.Sick Building SyndromeRising energy costs aren't just harmful to your wallet; if you work in an office building, they could be making you physically ill. Businesses have found that by packing buildings with insulation, then adding caulking and weather stripping, they can seal buildings tight, keep indoor temperatures constant, and cut energy costs in the process. Such measures require the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HV AC) systems to work harder to recycle air. After all, when the building is sealed, you can't open a window to let fresh air circulate. The result is sick building syndrome, which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies as a situation where building occupants experience discomforting health effects even though no specific cause can be found. Symptoms include headache; eye, nose, or throat irritation; dry cough; dry or itchy skin; dizziness; nausea; fatigue; and sensitivity to odors. The EPA estimates that 30 percent of all U.S. office buildings could be "sick," so they recommend routine maintenance of HV AC systems, including cleaning or replacing filters; replacing water-stained ceiling tiles and carpeting; restricting smoking in and around buildings; and ventilating areas where paints, adhesives, or s olvents are used.Social Anxiety DisorderDespite all the ways to interact with others in our ethnologically savvy world, those with social anxiety disorder feel boxed in by the shrinking globe. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), people with social anxiety disorder have an "intense, persistent, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and of doing things that will embarrass them," and that fear can be so intense that it interferes with work, school, and other ordinary activities and can make it hard to make and keep friends. But the condition has physical manifestations, too, including trembling, upset stomach, heart palpitations, confusion, and diarrhea. The cause hasn't been nailed down, but social anxiety disorder is probably due to a combination of environmental and hereditary(遗传的) factors. About15+million people in the United States are affected by social anxiety disorder, which usually begins during childhood. Like other anxiety disorders, treatment often involves medication and psychotherapy.1. What does the author suggest you do to overcome CVS?A) Keep the monitor some inches above eye level.B) A void glare or reflections on the computer screen.C) Adjust lighting to make the room as bright as possible.D) Use a laptop computer instead of a desktop computer.2. What can cause hearing loss according to the passage?A) Playing the music through a loudspeaker.B) Using headphones that fit outside the ear canal.C) Listening to high-volume music players for long.D) Exposing to noisy music for a short period of time.3. People are at risk of developing e-thrombosis if they ______.A) spend most of their time in front of a computerB) stay indoors for long periods of timeC) eat working lunch in the office every work dayD) have to move around all the day4. To avoid E-thrombosis, people who work with computer should ______.A) cross their legs while they work C) make their workplace more comfortableB) get up and walk around at intervals D) have working equipment at hand5. What do we learn about generalized anxiety disorder from the passage?A) It can be caused by individual circumstances.B) It is mainly related to crime and terrorist attacks.C) It is extremely difficult for people to overcome.D) It affects only a small number of people in the US.6. Many people who have the eating disorder orthorexia nervosa ______.A) follow a strict healthful diet C) tend to gain weight quicklyB) are dangerous to the society D) are usually socially active7. What do the EPA recommend people do to prevent sick building syndrome?A) ban smoking in and around buildings C) maintain the HV AC systems routinelyB) open windows to let fresh air circulate D) move out of the ―sick‖ office buildings8. According to the NIH, it can be difficult for people with social anxiety disorder to ________________.9. Social anxiety disorder is probably the result of the combination effects of gene and ________________.10. This passage discusses some of the _________________ we have in the modern life.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you mustread the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Went to New Y ork. C) V isited her sister.B) Stayed at home. D) Talked with her sister.12. A) The woman’s son will enjoy the zoo.B) He would prefer to go to the zoo alone.C) He’d like to accept the woman’s invitation.D) He’s looking forward to the weekend trip with her.13. A) His roommate is messy. C) He didn’t clean the apartment.B) He needs to clean the lab. D) He helped to clean his apartment.14. A) Make more copies of the letter. C) Ask for an extension for the paper.B) Find out when the new job begins. D) Get a more recent reference letter.15. A) To tell him they are busy. C) To invite him to go to a movie.B) To cancel an appointment. D) To ask him a question about homework.16. A) The dog is quite friendly. C) He has already returned the dog.B) The dog is quite troublesome. D) He is glad Debbie gave him the dog.17. A) German. B) Spanish. C) Japanese. D) Chinese.18. A) He doesn’t like beaches.C) He would rather stay at home.B) He has to study on Saturday. D) He is going to have the final exam.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) It is too expensive. C) He has already had one.B) It is scratched all over. D) He doesn’t like its color.20. A) Its sleeves are stained. C) It is too flashy in style.B) It is of the wrong size. D) It is of poor quality.21. A) 12 records. C) Only a vase.B) A ring and 6 records. D) Only a ring.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) To call her father in case of an emergency. C) To keep close contact with her friends.B) To call h er family when she’s homesick.D) To check her email in time.23. A) Unlimited weekday minutes. C) 1,000 free weekday minutes nationwide.B) Unlimited anytime minutes on campus. D) 1,000 free weekend minutes.24. A) 3 months. C) 9 months.B) 6 months. D) 12 months.25. A) Send a copy of identification card. C) Sign another agreement.B) Transfer the unused minutes. D) Pay cancellation fees.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spok en only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) He thinks it should be banned. C) He thinks it makes him healthier.B) He thinks it is more comfortable. D) He thinks it influences work productivity.27. A) It helps people focus on work. C) It could make blood flow faster.B) It makes people in high spirits. D) It can bring people plenty of excitement.28. A) Standing at a desk. C) Doing proper exercises.B) Posing proper position. D) Stretching one’s body often.Passage T woQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) 186,282 miles per second. C) 8.3 million miles per second.B) 1 billion miles per second. D) 10,000 miles per microsecond.30. A) Y ellow. C) Y ellow-gold.B) White. D) Totally transparent.31. A) It’s losing energy.C) It has explosions.B) It’s moving further away from the earth.D) It’s rotating at a speed of 1 million miles p er second.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) It guarantees federal investment in schools.B) It stops gender discrimination in public schools.C) It is a universal law that applies to every university.D) It helps to save federal money on educational programs.33. A) It is well obeyed by high schools. C) It makes girls join in sports programs.B) It is very effective in high schools. D) It has effects on programs that were not mentioned.34. A) The results vary among different states and ages.B) Participation in sports is relevant to positive effects.C) Participation in sports prevents obesity among adults.D) Participation in sports increases female college attendance.35. A) Because far more boys than girls join sports teams.B) Because they reveal that Title Nine is effective as thought.C) Because they give girls a chance to leave the playing field.D) Because they show the trend of girls’ participation in sports.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. Forblanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, youcan either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Americans are a highly mobile people. What factors cause them to move? The (36) _______ for economic betterment is generally the most important force (37) _______ migration.Thus the (38) _______ and direction of migration are usually determined by (39) _______ difference in economic factors, as reflected by such ones as differences in employment (40) _______ and differences in the (41) _______ and the price of land for farmers. This is not to deny the role of non-economic factors, such as climate and family ties, in (42) _______ migration. Here is a case (43) _______ showing the trend of migration in the country. When New England was declining in textile industry, there were many people moving out of it. (44) _____________________________________________________________________________________________.Since 1970, there has appeared a new trend of migration in America. More Americans migrated from cities to suburbs. There are several factors for this phenomenon. (45) _____________________________________________________________________________________________.The telephone reduced the need for them to work in close proximity to one another. Besides these economic and technological changes, important social factors were involved. Suburban areas offered more living space than cities and less pollution. Many middle-income families now live in the suburbs. (46) _____________________________________________________________________________________________. Despite the new trend in migration, about 70 percent of American population are still living in metropolitan areas.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Pleasewrite your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.With graduate unemployment at its highest for more than a decade, the lure of the parental nest has never been stronger. But mollycoddling (娇宠) mothers and fathers should resist the urge to make home too comfortable for their recently qualified offspring, according to government guidance.A manual published today instructs parents to show a bit of ―tough love‖ as they try to encourage their children to get a job. That means making them do their own washing and ironing, emptying the fridge of student-friendly snacks and cutting back on allowances.The guide, produced by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, also has blunt advice for those with lofty ambitions. ―Yes, some people will make it as actors and scriptwriters,‖ it says, ―but many just waste away the years.‖―Do‖ and ―Don’t‖ lists aim to help anxious parents ―motivate not alienate‖. Dos include allowing your child to relax once they graduate – though a few weeks with their feet up should not slide into a few months. Parents should also arrange a regular update of progress.On the don’t list is perhaps the worst sin: nagging (唠叨). ―It might work in some circumstances, but most young people want a job and know there is a lot of competition,‖ the guide says. ―Nagging can m ake young people feel more stressed and makes failure to get a job worse‖.There are times when it doesn’t pay to be ―too supportive‖. ―Sometimes, it really is necessary to show tough love,‖ says the guide. ―If you are making life too comfortable at home, why would they get a job? If you are providing free board and lodgings, a well-stocked fridge, washing and ironing done, plus an allowance, there’s not much drive there. So cut back to help increase their motivation.‖The guide may be well-timed. Earlier this month, the Office for National Statistics revealed more people in their 20s or 30s were living with their parents than at any time in the past 20 years. Around 25% of men and 13% of women aged 25 to 29 still live with their parents. Although one in three ―adult-kids‖ said they couldn’t afford to buy or rent their own home, others were cho osing to become ―kippers‖ –kids in parents’ pockets.The authors of the ONS report dubbed graduates who returned home to live with their parents ―boomerang children‖, saying their numbers were being swelled by growing student debt.47. The government suggests spoiling parents not to _________________________ for their jobless children wholive with them.48. According to the guide by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, many of those with loftyambitions just _________________________.49. How long should parents allow their newly graduates to relax according to the guide?50. In most circumstances, parents’ nagging will make their children feel _________________________ if the latteralready face fierce competition in the job-seeking.51.Parents are urged to reduce support so as to increase their jobless children’s _________________________ tofind a job.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has beenparticularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates (授权) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from poor or chaotic (混沌的) homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Y et rather than giving teachers power to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly difficult questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.52. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework ______.A) is receiving more criticism C) is no longer an educational ritualB) is gaining more preferences D) is not required for advanced courses53. L. A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students ______.A) have voiced their complaints about homeworkB) have asked for a different educational standardC) may have problems finishing their homeworkD) tend to have moderate expectations for their education54. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ______.A) discourage students from doing homeworkB) restrict teac hers’ power in educationC) undermine the authority of state testsD)result in students’ indifference to their report cards55. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ______.A) it should be eliminated C) it is important for gradesB) it counts much in schooling D) it places extra burdens on teachers56. A suitable title for this passage would be ______.A) Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy C) Thorny Questions about HomeworkB) A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students D) A Faulty Approach to HomeworkPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U. S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one, . Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U. S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.57. By saying ―to find silver linings‖ (Line 1, Para. 2）the author suggest that the jobless try to ______.A) seek subsidies from the government C) make profits from the troubled economyB) explore reasons for the unemployment D) look on the bright side of the recession58. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people ______.。