5. 专题五 介词及介词短语
中考语法专题复习介词及介词短语
中考语法复习——介词及介词短语【考点直击】1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法及意义2.介词表示时间、方位、方式别的基本用法3.一些易混介词的辨析【语法讲解】◆介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。
介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。
介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。
例如：The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)◆介词和种类(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
◆不同介词的用法（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点用at。
例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。
表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。
例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。
表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。
例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
2） since, after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。
中考语法专题五：介词(含答案)
专题五介词学前自测（发现考点）( )1. I lost my way ___ a rainy night and my parents were quite worried ____ me.A. in; aboutB. on; aboutC. at; withD. on; with ( )2. When our parents are not at home, we need to ____ourselves.A. look afterB. look atC. look upD. look around ( )3. —When did your aunt arrive China? —She got to Guangzhou the morning of May 15th.A. at; inB. in; inC. to; onD. in; on( )4. It's very nice ____ you to pick me up at the bus station.A. forB. toC. ofD. with( )5. —What does your English teacher look like? —She is a pretty lady ____ long straight hair.A. onB. withC. ofD. for( )6. —When is your summer vacation?—It begins ____ July 15th and I don't have to go to school until August 31th.A. onB. inC. atD. by( )7. I paid about 100 dollars ____ the new clothes.A. forB. onC. toD. of( )8. The earthquake happened in Yunnan Province ____ a cold morning of December.A. inB. atC. toD. on( )9. —What happened to Mark? —He fell off the bike ____ a snowy morning.A.inB. atC. onD. when( )10. —Mum, where are my socks? —Under your bed. You should ____ your things.A. put onB. put downC. put awayD. put off常考考点知识清单（研习考点）考点一常用介词的主要用法1. in 的主要用法(1) 表示在某年、某月、某季节,在上午、下午、晚上等。
【讲与练】高三英语二轮专题复习专题五介词及介词短语(含解析)
专题五介词及介词短语高考精萃1．(2014·北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour. 2．(2014·天津卷)________ to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.3．(2014·重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road. 4．(2014·福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless ________ age, sex or educational background. 5．(2014·浙江卷)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________ .6．(2014·浙江卷)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.7．(2014·陕西卷)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.8．(2014·江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth. 9．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. 10．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.11．(2013·北京卷)I have an appointment ________ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. 12．(2013·山东卷)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children. 13．(2013·浙江卷)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner.__________the meanwhile, I'll set the table.14．(2013·福建卷)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ________the way whenever she tries to.15．(2013·辽宁卷)________behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 16．(2013·江苏卷)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ________regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.17．(2013·湖北卷)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered________chance a long lost antique Greek vase.18．(2013·陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will________time.19．(2013·安徽卷)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.20．(2012·安徽卷)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be________life.21．(2012·福建卷)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________the benefit of all its citizens.22．(2012·浙江卷)________all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.23．(2012·浙江卷)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.24．(2012·陕西卷)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________ it.25．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.26．(2011·北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color. 27．(2011·上海卷)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years.28．(2011·天津卷)He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects. 29．(2011·重庆卷)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library. 30．(2011·安徽卷)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems. 31．(2011·江苏卷)We'd better discuss everything________detail before we work out the plan. 32．(2011·浙江卷)I always wanted to do the job ________ which I'd been trained.33．(2011·湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor ________ younger men.34．(2010·江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________ return, dogs give us their all.35．(2010·福建卷)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space. 答案与解析1．in句意：简很着急，因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就发车了。
2021年中考吉林专用英语语法专题五
语法专题五介词和介词短语近6年吉林中考主要在句意填词、单项选择和短文填空中考查介词的基本用法。
解答此类试题的关键是掌握常见介词的含义及用法，区分各介词之间的区别，尤其是方位、时间和方式这三类介词。
命题点1方位介词1．across, through, over和past单词含义及用法across 意为“横过；穿过”，着重指从一边到另一边，指从表面通过through 意为“穿过；通过；经过”，指从空间内部通过over 意为“横过；越过”，指从上方经过、跨越past 意为“经过”，指从旁边经过Can you swim across the river？你能游到河的对岸吗？After you go through the gate, you'll see a beautiful garden. 穿过门之后，你将看到一个美丽的花园。
We must go over the mountain. 我们必须越过那座山。
I often go past the shop after school. 我经常在放学后经过这个商店。
2．between, among表示在两者之间用between；在三者或三者以上之间用among。
3．in front of和in the front ofThere is a tree in front of the classroom.教室(外)的前面有一棵树。
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室(内)的前面有一块黑板。
4．above, over, below和underThe plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
The coat reaches below the knees. 那件大衣盖过膝盖。
中考英语语法讲解之介词和介词短语
介词和介词短语1、介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。
介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格．．)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。
有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：out of(从…中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离…), on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根据…), in front of(在…前方)等。
2)above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along在…近旁, among周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前,在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。
across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind向…后面,...,by路过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards 到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离...about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for有…(之久), from, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始时,at the end of在...末, in 在...当中,at the time of在...时as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有…about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on关于/有关...,, towards针对..., with就…而言其它介词:【目的介词】for为了..., from防止…,to为了…【原因介词】for因为..., with由于…, because of因为...【比较介词】as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同【伴随/状态介词】against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起3、介词短语的句法作用：介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
九年级英语上册 专题 5 重点知识点归纳(解析版)
重点知识点归纳Unit1一、impatient adj. 不耐烦的,急躁的【点拨】impatient是由“否定前缀im-+形容词patient”构成的形容词。
常用短语为be impatient with…,意为“对……不耐烦”。
We shouldn’t be impatient with others. 我们不应该对别人不耐烦。
【拓展】in-, im-, un-, dis-等都可用作否定前缀,放在一些形容词或动词前面表示否定。
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的;polite礼貌的→impolite没礼貌的,粗鲁的;necessary必要的→unnecessary 不必要的;agree同意→disagree不同意二、show off 炫耀,卖弄【点拨】show off 是动词和副词构成的短语,代词作其宾语时,必须放在show与off之间。
show off sth to sb 意为“向某人炫耀某物”。
She likes to show off her fine clothes. 她喜欢炫耀她的精美的服装。
【拓展】与show相关的短语:show sb sth = show sth to sb 向某人展示某物show sb around sp 带领某人参观某地三、pay attention to 注意【点拨】pay attention to中的to是介词,后跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语。
Never mind me. Please pay attention to the ladies. 不要管我,请好好款待女客。
“Please pay attention to listening,” the teacher said. 老师说:“请注意听。
”【拓展】与attention搭配的常用短语:give attention to sth 注意某事draw one’s attention 引起某人的注意attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意四、lead n. 领先地位;榜样【点拨】take the lead意为“处于领先地位”。
高考介词及介词短语专项讲解
① There is a book on the piece of
on
on 只表示在某物的表面上，而用 in 表 paper. ② There is an interesting
1. 要认真掌握好常用介词的主要用法及动词与介词的搭配。这是考查的重点，也 是做题的基础。
2. 在具体的题目中，要首先判断考查方式，是考查介词辨析，还是带介词的定语 从句中的介词的选用，判断后才能做具体分析。
分类 简单介词 合成介词 短语介词 双重介词
分词介词 兼类介词
特点 即一个介词 由两个介词构成合成词 由短语构成 由两个介词搭配而成
介词短语的功能
例句
作定语
They didn ’t find the solution to the problem.
作状语
We have breakfast at seven.（表时间） They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain. （表原因） What do you mean by doing such a thing? （表方法）
① All went out besides me. ② All went out except me. ③ I never saw him reading anything
but the newspaper. ④ His diary is good except for a few
spelling mistakes.
第02篇 语法专题05 介词和介词短语
语 法
keep fit.
专 题
A.less than
训 练
C.such as
B.instead of D.together with
对 接
Ⅱ.选用方框内的单词或词组填空,其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。
中 考
above under along opposite for free by
专
1.[2019·徐州]Can you help me pick up the pen? It's under the desk.
用于过去完成时
到2019年为止,我已经在那里工作10年了。
by
By the end of this term, I will have learned
by+时间点(表将来),常
1,000 English words.
用于将来完成时
到这个学期结束时,我将学完1000个英语单词。
表示动作持续到某一 We must work here until 10 o'clock.
(3)over“越过;翻过”,指从某一物体的上方越过,表面不接触。 The plane flew over the mountains. 飞机从那些山峰的上方飞过。 (4)past“经过”,指从旁边经过。 The teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom. 当老师经过教室时,他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。
in the 21st century 在21世纪 in 2020 在2020年
泛指在上午、下午或 in October 在10月份
in 晚上
in spring 在春天
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第二部分语法专题研究专题五介词及介词短语1. (2019安徽)On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ________ the window.A. byB. forC. withD. from2. (2019盐城)A marathon was held in Yancheng ________ 21 April, which drew 12，000 runners.A. onB. inC. atD. by3. (2019孝感)To my great joy, my family is always ________ me whatever I decide to do.A. behindB. toC. fromD. against4. (2019淮安)________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.A. AtB. InC. OnD. With5. (2019呼和浩特)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ________ the windows.A. againstB. acrossC. aboveD. below6. (2020原创)Last year, I went to Cambridge which lies ________ the east of England on the River Cam.A. onB. atC. inD. to7. (2020原创)My new shoes are ________ my chair. Please pass them to me.A. toB. underC. betweenD. of8. (2020原创)Students shouldn't go to school ________ breakfast. It's bad for their health.A. withB. withoutC. forD. at9. (2020原创)She can express herself ________ both Chinese and Spanish. She has a gift of language.A. onB. toC. inD. by10. (2020原创)Walking in the countryside can remind me ________ my happy childhood.A. inB. ofC. offD. for11. (2020原创)I have run out of my pocket money. I spent 100 yuan ________ some favorite books.A. forB. withC. onD. at12. (2020原创)Don't treat me ________ a guest. I can make myself at home and can also help you prepare the dinner.A. asB. ofC. toD. for13. (2020原创)What were you doing ________ 5 p．m. yesterday? I went to your house but you weren't at home.A. toB. atC. onD. by14. (2020原创)I would like to add a cup of milk ________ the coffee while drinking.A. fromB. likeC. toD. about15.易错题I stopped ________ the night in a small village while I was on holiday in the Himalayas a few years ago.A.atB. forC. untilD. through16. 易错题Father brought his little boy to a concert. But he was too young to sit ________ the whole concert.A. forB. withC. duringD. through17. (2019宿迁改编)北京2019年世博会于四月份向公众开放。
Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public ________________．18. (2020原创)他的新书将会在春季出版。
His new book will come out ________________．19. (2020原创)我通常下课后和同学们打篮球。
I usually play basketball with my classmates ________________．20. (2020原创)早晨喝牛奶对健康有益。
It's good for our heath to drink milk ________________．21. (2020原创)晚饭前记得洗手。
Remember to wash your hands ________________．22. (2020原创)此刻我们一家正在看一场激动人心的篮球赛。
Our family is watching an exciting basketball match ________________.23. (2019北京改编)昨天我们在花园种了些花。
We planted some flowers ________________ yesterday.24. (2020原创)爸爸正在厨房里为我们准备晚饭。
My father is preparing supper for us ________________．25. (2020原创)李梅今天在街上帮助了一位老妇人。
Li Mei helped an old lady ________________ today.26. (2020原创)我家附近有一个图书馆。
There is a library ________________.27. (2020原创)工人们正在河上修建一座桥梁。
The workers are building a bridge ________________．28. (2020原创)他用这些字母拼出了最多的单词。
He spelt the most words ________________.29. (2020原创)我们应该根据天气变化制定旅行计划。
We should make our travel plans ________________ the changes of weather.30. (2020原创)我每个月至少要去看望祖父母两次。
I visit my grandparents ________________ twice a month.31. (2020原创)他告诉我他将去欧洲出差。
He told me that he was going to Europe ________________．32. (2020原创)你一定要亲自把这封信交给他。
You must give this letter to him ________________．33. (2020原创)登山者们竭尽全力，最终到达山顶。
The climbers tried their best and reached the top of the mountain ________________．小语篇训练Cloze 1(2020原创)自古英雄出少年There were lots of young heroes in the past all around the world. __34__ them, some had made history with their important inventions.The state flag __35__ Alaska was designed by 13yearold Bennie Benson in 1926. His was chosen from a flagdesigning. It became the official flag in 1959.Frank Epperson invented the popsicle (冰棍) in 1905 when he was only 11 years old. It was called the Epsicle at that time. Frank left his drink __36__ the door overnight with a stick in it. That night the temperature dropped and everything was frozen including Frank's drink. That didn't stop him __37__ tasting it, so today we have popsicles to eat.In 1642, Blaise Pascal designed the first counting machine when he was 18. The machine was designed __38__ his father, a tax (税) collector, to make his job easier. Blaise named it “the Pascaline”. He made about 50 of them, but nobody was interested in it. People thought it would take jobs away from them. 300 years went by, and the calculator (计算器) finally became a success. In 1968, the programming language, PASCAL, was named __39__ him.素材选自：2015届天津宝坻王卜庄镇初级中学九年级上期末试卷34. A. Between B. During C. Among D. Without35. A. in B. with C. on D. of36. A. inside B. outside C. as D. about37. A. into B. against C. from D. through38. A. for B. by C. to D. at39. A. before B. after C. until D. exceptCloze 2(2019广东改编)Last winter holiday, I visited a small village. It has only __40__ houses. Although the village was very small, I spent __41__ interesting day in it.__42__ village became popular because of Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there in 1980, but in __43__ year, the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on __44__ walls of his own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of animals, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for __45__ visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He was my favorite singer. I liked him so much that I asked __46__ visitor to take photos of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted a lot of wellknown Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live __47__ long and happy life.I really had a good time in the village and wished to visit it again.40. A. eleven B. eleventhC. the eleventh D. the eleven41. A. a B. an C. / D. the42. A. The B. An C. / D. A43. A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth D. thirties44. A. an B. a C. the D. /45. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of46. A. a B. an C. the D. /47. A. a B. an C. the D. /。