专题五 介词和介词短语
安徽省2020届中考英语复习题型突破专题及参考答案：介词和介词短语
专题五介词和介词短语1.掌握时间介词的用法和区别,熟练运用时间介词on,in,at等;2.掌握地点、方位介词的用法和区别;3.掌握表示方式、手段和工具的介词的基本用法及区别;4.准确区分易混淆介词和介词短语,并能在具体语境中灵活运用。
安徽中考近几年对介词的考查主要是介词辨析及介词短语辨析,每年至少设置一道题。
单项填空设题多以单句形式为主,内容涉及家庭生活、学校生活等与考生有关的各个方面。
预测安徽中考对介词的考查仍会以介词辨析和介词短语辨析为主。
名师考点精讲学思结合高效突破常见时间介词辨析1.in,on和at介用法举例2.in,after和before3.by和until/till4.其他常见时间介词常见方位介词辨析1.at,in,on和toat 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”。
(如图: )at the doorat the airportat the stationat Park Streetin 表示“在(大地方)”或“在……范围之内”。
(如图: )in Chinain the north表示A地属于B地。
(如图: )Hainan lies in the south of China.中国的一部分on表示A地不属于B地,但AB两地接壤。
(如图: ) Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province.西边。
to 表示“在……范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤。
(如图: )Japan lies to the east of China.围之外2.on,above,below,over和under表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触。
(如图: )He puts his watch on the desk.上。
(如图: )belo 与above 反义,表示非垂直且不与表面接触的下方。
(如图:)There is a lake below the mountain.湖。
【讲与练】高三英语二轮专题复习专题五介词及介词短语(含解析)
专题五介词及介词短语高考精萃1．(2014·北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour. 2．(2014·天津卷)________ to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.3．(2014·重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road. 4．(2014·福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless ________ age, sex or educational background. 5．(2014·浙江卷)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________ .6．(2014·浙江卷)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.7．(2014·陕西卷)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.8．(2014·江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth. 9．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. 10．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.11．(2013·北京卷)I have an appointment ________ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. 12．(2013·山东卷)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children. 13．(2013·浙江卷)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner.__________the meanwhile, I'll set the table.14．(2013·福建卷)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ________the way whenever she tries to.15．(2013·辽宁卷)________behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 16．(2013·江苏卷)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ________regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.17．(2013·湖北卷)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered________chance a long lost antique Greek vase.18．(2013·陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will________time.19．(2013·安徽卷)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.20．(2012·安徽卷)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be________life.21．(2012·福建卷)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________the benefit of all its citizens.22．(2012·浙江卷)________all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.23．(2012·浙江卷)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.24．(2012·陕西卷)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________ it.25．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.26．(2011·北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color. 27．(2011·上海卷)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years.28．(2011·天津卷)He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects. 29．(2011·重庆卷)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library. 30．(2011·安徽卷)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems. 31．(2011·江苏卷)We'd better discuss everything________detail before we work out the plan. 32．(2011·浙江卷)I always wanted to do the job ________ which I'd been trained.33．(2011·湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor ________ younger men.34．(2010·江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________ return, dogs give us their all.35．(2010·福建卷)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space. 答案与解析1．in句意：简很着急，因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就发车了。
高职院校单独招生考试英语复习指导通用版第一部分基础知识梳理专题五介词和介词短语
考点一 常见介词的用法
1.in的常见用法
(3)“in+时间段”表示“在一段时间之后”,用于一般将来时。例如: He will arrive in Beijing in 3 days. 他将在3天后到达北京。 (4)表示方式、方法,意为“用……”,如语言、墨水、颜色、颜料等。例如: Can you speak in Chinese? 你能用汉语说吗? I am writing in blue ink.我正在用蓝墨水写字。 The little girl always talks in a low voice. 那个小女孩总是小声说话。 (5)表示方向。例如: The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。 (6)意为“处于……之中”,表示状态或情况等。例如: Jack is ill in bed now. 杰克正卧病在床。 My mother usually puts everything in good order. 我妈妈总是把东西放得井然有序。
考点一 常见介词的用法
4.for的常见用法
(7)用于句型“It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”,意为“对某人来说
做某事是……的”。若形容词表示一 个人的品德、品质等个性特征时
,应用句型“It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.”。例如:
It’s difficult for me to finish the work.对我来说,完成这项工作 太难了。
考点一 常见介词的用法
5.by的常见用法
(5)意为“最迟在;在……以前”,表示时间。 ① “by+现在的时间点”用于一般现在时或现在完成时。例如: I have finished all my work by now. 到现在为止,我已经完成了全部工作。 ② “by+将来的时间点”用于一般将来时。例如: I will be there by 5o’clock. 我最迟5点到那里。 We will learn 2,000 words by the end of this term.到这学期期末,我们将学会2000个单 词。 ③ “by+过去的时间点”用于过去完成时,表“到……时候为止”。例如: By the end of last term,we had learned English for five years.到上学期期末为止,我们学 英语已有5年了。
中考英语(云南+昆明)九年级复习配套课件：专题五+介词和介词短语
什么叫“超前思考，比较听课”？简单地说，就是同学们在上课的时候不仅要跟着老师的思路走，还要力争走在老师思路的前面，用自己的思路和老师的思路进行 对比，从而发现不同之处，优化思维。
比如在讲《林冲棒打洪教头》一文，老师会提出一些问题，如林冲当时为什么要戴着枷锁？林冲、洪教头是什么关系？林冲为什么要棒打洪教头？••••••
2. In America, people start celebrating the New Year ___ December 31st. A. in B. at C. on D. for
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：在美国，人们 在12月31日就开始庆祝新年。in用于月份、年 代、世纪等之前；at用于具体的时刻、钟点前； on用于星期、日期，或某一特定的日子前；for 为，给。根据空格后的“December 31st”可判 断是具体的日期。故选C。
二、同步听课法
有些同学在听课的过程中常碰到这样的问题，比如老师讲到一道很难的题目时，同学们听课的思路就“卡壳“了，无法再跟上老师的思路。这时候该怎么办呢？
如果“卡壳”的内容是老师讲的某一句话或某一个具体问题，同学们应马上举手提问，争取让老师解释得在透彻些、明白些。
如果“卡壳”的内容是公式、定理、定律，而接下去就要用它去解决问题，这种情况下大家应当先承认老师给出的结论（公式或定律）并非继续听下去，先把问题 记下来，到课后再慢慢弄懂它。
之后”，后接 o’clock. 他两点后将回来。
时间点 after
与过去时连用 表示“ …… He got back from the US
after two weeks. 两周后他 之后”，后接
从美国回来了。 时间段
2021年中考吉林专用英语语法专题五
语法专题五介词和介词短语近6年吉林中考主要在句意填词、单项选择和短文填空中考查介词的基本用法。
解答此类试题的关键是掌握常见介词的含义及用法，区分各介词之间的区别，尤其是方位、时间和方式这三类介词。
命题点1方位介词1．across, through, over和past单词含义及用法across 意为“横过；穿过”，着重指从一边到另一边，指从表面通过through 意为“穿过；通过；经过”，指从空间内部通过over 意为“横过；越过”，指从上方经过、跨越past 意为“经过”，指从旁边经过Can you swim across the river？你能游到河的对岸吗？After you go through the gate, you'll see a beautiful garden. 穿过门之后，你将看到一个美丽的花园。
We must go over the mountain. 我们必须越过那座山。
I often go past the shop after school. 我经常在放学后经过这个商店。
2．between, among表示在两者之间用between；在三者或三者以上之间用among。
3．in front of和in the front ofThere is a tree in front of the classroom.教室(外)的前面有一棵树。
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室(内)的前面有一块黑板。
4．above, over, below和underThe plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
The coat reaches below the knees. 那件大衣盖过膝盖。
【2013中考夺分】专题五介词和介词短语
语法互动(五)
介词和介词短语
• (2)表示在具体的某一天。如： on July 16, 2010在2010年7 月16日。 • (3)用在星期、节日前。如： on Monday 在星期一；on Teachers' Day 在教师节。 • 4．by • 用来表示“在……之前，到……时”的结构为“by＋时间点 ”，常与完成时连用。如： • How many English words had you learned __________________ last term? • by the end of 到上学期期末你学了多少个英语单词？
语法互动(五)
介词和介词短语
• 考点二 表示地点的介词 • 1．at • (1)用于小地点前面。如： at the door在门口； • at the bus stop 在公共汽车站。 • (2)用于门牌号前面。如： • He lives ______ No.200, Nanjing Road. at • 他住在南京路200号。 • (3)表示“在……前/后部”。如： • I sit at the front of the classroom. • 我坐在教室的前面。
语法互动(五)
介词和介词短语
• (1)with表示“用工具、某物”，如：with a pen 用钢笔。 也可以表示“带有，具有”，如：the girl with long hair 长发 女孩。 • (2)by 表示“用/以/靠/通过……的方法”。如： • He prefers traveling by car. • 他更喜欢乘汽车旅行。 • (3)on 表示使用一些无线电工具。如： • I often talk with my friends on the phone. • 我经常通过电话与朋友交谈。 • 4．between, among • (1)between表示“在两者之间”或“三者以上强调每两者 之间”。如：
第02篇 语法专题05 介词和介词短语
语 法
keep fit.
专 题
A.less than
训 练
C.such as
B.instead of D.together with
对 接
Ⅱ.选用方框内的单词或词组填空,其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。
中 考
above under along opposite for free by
专
1.[2019·徐州]Can you help me pick up the pen? It's under the desk.
用于过去完成时
到2019年为止,我已经在那里工作10年了。
by
By the end of this term, I will have learned
by+时间点(表将来),常
1,000 English words.
用于将来完成时
到这个学期结束时,我将学完1000个英语单词。
表示动作持续到某一 We must work here until 10 o'clock.
(3)over“越过;翻过”,指从某一物体的上方越过,表面不接触。 The plane flew over the mountains. 飞机从那些山峰的上方飞过。 (4)past“经过”,指从旁边经过。 The teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom. 当老师经过教室时,他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。
in the 21st century 在21世纪 in 2020 在2020年
泛指在上午、下午或 in October 在10月份
in 晚上
in spring 在春天
初中英语语法复习：介词(中考总复习)
over
经过、跨越。
我们必须越过那座山。
专题五 介 词
返回目录
介词
含义及用法
例句
方
After you go through the gate, you’ll
位
意为“穿过；通过；经过”，
through
see a beautiful garden. 穿过门之后，
指从空间内部通过。
介
你将看到一个美丽的花园。
升
-He came_______Monday.
A.in
B.on
C.to
D.by
专题五 介 词
8.-Please tell me your decision_______tomorrow morning, OK?
拓
-No problem.I will call you tonight.
展
A.before B.during C.through D.since
(台湾是中国的一部分)
专题五 介 词
返回目录
介词
含义及用法
举例
表示“在……(的平面)上”。 on the desk在桌上
(即： )
on the wall在墙上
方
on 表示A地位于B地的外面且接壤 Hunan Province lies on the west of
。 位
(即： )
Jiangxi Province.湖南省在江西省西 边。(湖南省同江西省接壤)
by
the kids playing outside.简站在窗户
位
靠近
旁边，看着外面玩耍的孩子们。
介
There is a football behind the table.
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专题五介词和介词短语时间:30分钟,分值:24分山西真题考场零失误1.(2019·山西)By developing a grateful attitude, you can be turned away from what’s troubling you, and what makes you happy.A.againstB.towardC.through2.(2019·山西)He communicates with simple words yes and no.A.exceptB.likeC.against3.(2019·山西)The“teacher-free exam”means that students take their exams teachers.Students must be more honest.A.withoutB.againstC.through4.(2019·山西)She was young and pretty,and she was loved by every student Donnie.A.includingB.exceptC.without5.(2019·山西)Except for working hard, we should give more attention to proper exercise and enough sleep. , health always comes first.A.For exampleB.After allC.So far6.(2019·山西)When you’re invited to have dinner at home by anAmerican friend, you should be or a little later. It’s different from our Chinese custom.A.on timeB.on businessC.on show7.(2019·山西)Pandas are much-loved around the world. Unluckily, there aren’t many pandas left and they’re now. So we must save them. A.in order B.in danger C.in need全国新题提分真功夫8.(2019·天津)In the picture, he sits me, looking very happy.A.besideB.amongC.upD.through9.(2019·河北)Salt takes in plenty of water, so most bacteria cannot livea salty environment.A.inB.outsideC.forD.without10.(2019·安徽)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game Class Three.A.ofB.inC.againstD.from11.(2019·湖北)She decided to take her grandmother their hometown and live with her in a rented room(出租房) near her school.A.fromB.inC.toD.for12.(2019·广东)Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness October 30,1945, aged only 40.A.atB.inC.onD.by13.(2019·广西)—It’s said that the best way to relax is exercise.—I see. But you should keep away dangerous sports.A.with;fromB.for;offC.through;fromD.through;by14.(2019·北京)Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift you.A.forB.inC.withD.from15.(2019·重庆)I always play basketball to relax myself Saturdays.A.onB.inC.atD.by16.(2019·福建)Blue whales are. We should try to protect them.A.in timeB.in publicC.in danger17.(2019·辽宁沈阳)The rabbit was hurt. It ran away.A.in orderB.in needC.in fearD.in surprise实战预测把脉新中考18.(2019·原创预测)Where’s Lily?We are all here her.A.aboutB.exceptC.with19.(2019·原创预测)She sent her friend a postcard a birthday present.A.asB.forC.of20.(2019·原创预测)English is widely used travelers and business people all over the world.“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。
只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。
《孟子》中的“先生何为出此言也？”；《论语》中的“有酒食，先生馔”；《国策》中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。
其实《国策》中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。
可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。
看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。
称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于《礼记?曲礼》，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。
A.to B.for C.by21.(2019·原创预测)the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.A.UnderB.InC.With22.(2019·改编预测)A TV show called National Treasure invites famous stars to act out the story behind the treasures. , it attracts lots of people.A.In this wayB.On the one handC.After all23.(2019·改编预测)I found out that we had a lot.For example, we’re both girls with a strong will.A.in needB.in commonC.in public24.(2019·改编预测)Happiness depends upon ourselves.,we make our own happiness.A.In other wordsB.In a wordC.In fact参考答案山西真题1.B2.B3.A4.A5.B6.A7.B全国新题“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。
只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。
《孟子》中的“先生何为出此言也？”；《论语》中的“有酒食，先生馔”；《国策》中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。
其实《国策》中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。
可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。
看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。
称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于《礼记?曲礼》，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。
8.A9.A10.C11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A 16.C17.C这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。
要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。
其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。
如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。
如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗?实战预测18.B19.A20.C21.C22.A23.B24.A。