名词与主语主谓一致

如果遇到如Physics ________ (be) an important subject in middle school.
The West Indies _________ (be) commonly divided into two parts.
The United Nations ________ (be) an organization that can solve a lot of problems.
主谓一致是指：
1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

1.名词与主语主谓一致
a.注意一些以s结尾的名词，实则是单数，比如一些学科名称，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, economics, politics, linguistics等等,通常用单数。

例如：Physics is an important subject in middle school.
b.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States, the United Nations等，用单数例如：In early January 1976 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm.
注意：若不是国名，而是群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布等地理名称，通常用复数。

例如：The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.
c.英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以s结尾，如scissors(剪刀)，glasses, trousers,如果不带“一把”“一副”“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。

例如: Joe’s new trousers are black and white.
如果带有单位词，单复数形式决定动词的单复数形式。

例如：One pair of scissors isn’t enough.
Two pair of trousers are enough for you.
d.由ings结尾的名词，如earnings, surroundings等，通常作复数使用。

e.有些集体名词，如police, people, cattle, poultry等，通常作复数，随后的动词用复数。

例如：Domestic cattle provide us with milk and beef.
f.有些集体名词，如foliage, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。

例如：The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
g.还有一些集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, government, public(公众)，既可作单数，也可作复数。

看是否将名词视为一个整体。

例如：The herd of cows and calves is the healthiest the farm has had in some time The herd of cows and calves are moving toward the sheds by twos and threes.
如果遇到Every boy and every girl in this room _______ (be) happy.
Either her father or her mother _______ (call) for her every afternoon.
Her brother rather than his parents _______ (be) to blame.
Many a man _______ (have) done his duty
More than one man _______ (be) here.
2.以其他结构作为主语的主谓一致问题
以并列结构作为主语的主谓一致问题
a.由and 或者both…and连接的并列结构做注意，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。

例如: The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year.
Both Bob and his daughter have gone fishing.
当and连接并列名词词组带有every, each或者many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。

例如：Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.
Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.
b.由or/ nor/ either…or等连接的并列主语
由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列结构作为主语，随后的动词形势通常按照就近原则处理。

例如：My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.
Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.
Neither/ either of +名词，用单数
例如：Neither of the people likes the food.
c.主语+as much as等
当主语后面跟有as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to ,with, together with, along with, except等结构时，随后的动词形势主语依照主语本身的单复数而定。

例如：Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.
Her brother rather than his parents is to blame.
Bill, together with his sisters, was hurt in the accident.
以表示数量概念的名词词组为主语的主谓一致问题
a.以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
如果主语是数量概念被看做是一个整体，动词用单数，如果被看做组成该数量的一个个的个体，则动词用复数。

例如：Six months is too short a time.
Five hours is needed to complete the outline.
There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.
如果主语由one of/ one in/ one out of +复数名词组成，正式语体中，动词用单数。

例如：One in ten students has failed the exam.
One out of twenty was badly damaged.
b.以非确定数量的名词词组，如果主语是all of, some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of,
heaps of, loads of, plenty of +名词，随后动词的单复数依of词组中名词类别而定。

例如：Most of the money was recovered.
Most of the members were there.
Lots of food is going to waste.
Lots of people are waiting outside.
如果主语是由a portion of, a series of, a pile of, this/ a kind of, a type of, a sort of 等构成，动词用复数。

例如：A series of accidents has been reported.
This kind of man annoys me.
注意，如果kind/ sort/ type前是those/ these，同时，of名词又是复数，则动词是复数。

例如：These kind of men annoy me.
如果主语是many a/ more than one +名词，后面用单数。

例如：Many a man has done his duty.
如果主语是the number of +复数名词，后面用单数。

例如：The number of the students in our class is 45.。