1.名词和主谓一致
高中英语语法 名词和主谓一致

高中英语语法名词和主谓一致Chapter 1 名词和主谓一致一、名词 1、名词的分类1)专有名词 2)个体名词 3)集体名词 4)物质名词 5)抽象名词*抽象名词具体化(见附1)2、名词的数1)不可数名词 2)可数名词 3)集体名词的数①可表单可表复②只能表示复数4)只有复数形式的名词 5)单复数意义不同的词3、名词的格1)’s所有格的构成 2)of所有格的构成 3)双重所有格*易混名词辨析(见附2)二、主谓一致 1、主谓一致的三原则1)语法一致原则:主单谓单,主复谓复 e.g. The number of mistakes is surprising.They are praised by us.2)意义一致原则:着眼于内在含义而非外在语法形式 e.g. Three months has passed since you left. The old are very well taken care of in our city.3)就近原则:谓语动词和离他近的主语保持人称一致Or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but alsoe.g. Not only we but also the little girl is fond of the game. Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.2、主语的形式1)不定代词作主语①独立的不定代词作主语不定代词either \\neither\\ each\\ one\\ the other\\ another\\ someone\\ anyone\\ somebody\\something\\ anybody\\ anything\\ everyone\\ everybody\\ everything\\nobody\\ no one\\ nothing等作主语时,谓语动词常作单数 e.g. No one likes to belaughed at.Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.②neither\\ either of…作主语+复数名词,谓语动词可单可复 e.g.Either of thetwo films are\\is interesting. ③all作主语主语指人时用复数,指全部事情时用单数 e.g. All are present at the meeting. All is going on very well. ④each⑤such作主语:根据其意义定e.g. Such are the films that we are interested in.Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved somuch 2)集合名词作主语3)以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语①以-ics结尾的表学科的词作主语,谓语动词用单数:mathematics,physics ②形式上是复数的专有名词作主语,谓语动词用单数:the United States③以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语,谓语动词用复数:the Philippines, the Humalayas 4)单复同形5)含有修饰语的名词作主语①量词修饰的:看量词e.g. This pair of glasses is very expensive. Those packets of sweetsbelong to him.②a group of和a couple of修饰的,谓语动词用复数e.g. A group of students are going to take the bus to school. ③quantity修饰的可数和不可数名词a quantity of 单数 A large quantity of story books has been bought forthe children. quantities of 复数 Quantities of money are needed to equip theschool. ④more(…) than oneMore than one+可数名词单数尽管意义上是复数,但因其中心词是单数,所以谓语动词用单数e.g. More than one person has made the suggestion. More+可数名词复数+than one 谓语动词用复数 e.g. More students than one are against the proposal.⑤many a修饰:形单意复Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS vaccine.⑥one(…) or twoone or two 后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数 e.g. One or two hours are enough for this work.a\\an +可数名词单数+or two,谓语动词用单数 e.g. One tear or two rollsdown her face.⑦百分数:看被修饰的词 6)the+形容词作主语表一类人,用复数 The injured have been sent to the hospital.表个别或抽象概念,用单数 The new is sure to take the place of the old. 7)非谓语动词形式、从句作主语①非谓语动词形式作主语A.单独的不定式、动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数To prevent the air from being polluted is what we are now researching.B.多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念,谓语动词用单数;表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数。
2020高职高考英语同步练习第一章 名词与主谓一致

going to visit Japan
the next month.
A.were
B.is
C.was
D.would
【答案】 A 【解析】 (谓语动词形式与前面的boys保持一致,故用were。)
《高职高考.英语》含复习教材、同步练习、英语复习点要,另有冲刺模拟卷 /
( )25.Everyone should do
C.three-thousands-words D.three-thousands-word
【答案】 B 【解析】 (在“-”有的复合名词中,其名词不可加“s”。)
《高职高考.英语》含复习教材、同步练习、英语复习点要,另有冲刺模拟卷 /
( )3.What a lot of
A.one’s
B.his
duty. C.everyone’s D.their
【答案】 B 【解析】 (句意“每个人都应该做好本分”。)
( )26.My father began to learn English
.
A.in the forty
B.in his fourties
C.in his forties
C.Policemen
D.The police
【答案】 D
【解析】 (特指here 的警察,所以加定冠词the,are表示复数, police为单形复义。)
《高职高考.英语》含复习教材、同步练习、英语复习点要,另有冲刺模拟卷 /
( )13.These are
and one of them is a yellow deer,those
I have to finish today!
A.works B.work
C.job
(完整版)英语语法 名词做主语时的主谓一致原则

名词做主语时的主谓一致原则一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。
Smoking is not a good habit。
To live happily needs a lot of things。
What I said is true。
二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.The singer and songwriter is dead.The science and technology plays an important part in China。
Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients。
“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read。
如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词。
Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候,谓语动词用单数.Jack with his family wants to go to China.He, as well as you, is very honest.No one but I is a student.Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible。
主谓一致用法归纳一、名词作主语

主谓一致用法归纳一、名词作主语◇family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语1.若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。
His family is a happy one. His family isn’t large.2.若指其中一个个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
My family all like watching TV.◇people, police, cattle等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are searching for the thief. People here are very friendly.◇“the+姓氏复数”表示一对夫妇或一家人时,谓语一般用复数。
The Smiths are having dinner.◇“the+形容词”这类词有:the brave, the poor, the rich,the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等。
1.表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.2.表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。
The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。
◇以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式。
No news is good news. Maths (physics) is very popular in our class◇more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
◇表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
名词所有格与主谓一致

一、名词所有格1、表示有生命的名词的所有格(1)一般情况,在名词后加“’s ”。
例如:My brother’s bag , the boy’s mother(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,在名词右上方加“’”。
例如:The workers’ club , the birds’ song(3)复合名词的所有格,在该复合名词词尾加“’s ”。
例如:Her son-in-law’s photo(4)如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加上“’s ”;如果不是共有,两个名词后面都要加上“’s ”。
例如:Jane and Mary’s father (共有)Jane’s and Tom’s fathers (不共有)(5)在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面,一般省略它所修饰的名词。
例如:At Mr. Green’s 在格林先生家to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家At the tailor’s 在裁缝店at the doctor’s 在诊所2、表示无生命的名词的所有格(1)通常采用“of+名词”结构来表示名词的所有关系。
例如:The gate of the school, the window of the roomThe contribution of science and technology(2)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也可以加“’s ”来构成所有格。
例如:Today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walkChina’s industry the station’s waiting room3、名词作定语修饰名词有些名词没有相同意义的形容词形式,起修饰作用时也不表示所有关系,此类作定语的第一个名词大部分是对第二个名词进行分类,或是对第二个名词的属性,来源,时间,地点加以说明,这时可以用“名词(单数)+名词”构成。
例如:A flower garden a kitchen table a tooth brushA time table the room number a shoe shopA fashion magazine a trouser pocket a scissor sharpener4、双重所有格(1)双重所有格的结构将of属格和’s属格结合起来表示所有关系。
初中英语名词和主谓一致练习题(含答案)

名词和主谓一致1. (2010·江苏卷·T22)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ______.A. expectationB. reputationC. contributionD. civilization2. (2010·安徽卷·T25)I haven’t se en Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ______.A. hearingB. strengthC. recognitionD. measure3.(2010·湖北卷·T21)This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. divisionB. areaC. rangeD. circle4. (2010·湖北卷·T22)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodationB. occupationC. equipmentD. furniture5.(2010·湖南卷·T33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have6.(2010·江西卷·T35)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year.A. averageB. numberC. amountD. quantity7.(2010·山东卷·T33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.A. reliefB. safetyC. defenseD. shelter8. (2010·陕西卷·T 24) It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area.A. are being builtB. were being builtC. was being builtD. is being built9. (2010·四川卷·T15)Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.A. are; areB. is; isC. are; isD. is; are10. (2010·天津卷·T3) James took the magazines off the little table to make______for the television.A. roomB. areaC. fieldD. position11. (2010·浙江卷·T16) The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct _______.A. solutionB. targetC. measureD. function12.(2011•四川卷• T13)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s________.A. touchB. sightC. reachD. distance13.(2011•山东卷•T34)There’s a ________ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. traditionB. balanceC. concernD. relationship14.(2011•江西卷• T31)Wh at’s the________, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.theme C.object D. point15.(2011•浙江卷•T18)Anyway, I can’t cheat him —it’s against all my ______.A. emotionsB. principlesC. regulationsD. opinions16.(2011•江苏卷• T27)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ______.A. consequenceB. independenceC. competenceD. intelligence17.(2011•湖北卷• T21)“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with ______ clearly in her voice.A. angerB. rudenessC. regretD. panic18.(2011•湖北卷• T22) Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _______, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. projectB. commitmentC. competitionD. ambition19.(2011•福建卷• T26)The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major ________ of global climate change.A. resultB. causeC. warningD. reflection20.( 2012·湖北卷·T29) It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any.A. symptomB. similarityC. sampleD. shadow21.( 2012·湖北卷·T30) The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _______ in applying for a visa.A. patternB. procedureC. programD. perspective22. (2012·山东卷·T24) My first of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.A. expressionB. attentionC. satisfactionD. impression23. (2012·福建卷·T25) —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency ? —Well, you know, English is my. So it is my best choice.A. strengthB. talentC. abilityD. skill24.(2012·江西卷·T29)You’d better write dow n the phone number of that restaurant for future .A. purposeB. referenceC. progressD. memory25.(2012·天津卷·T3)You are working too hard. You’d better keep a between work and relaxation.A. promiseB. leadC. balanceD. diary26.(2012·浙江卷·T7)Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A.operationB.growthC.performanceD.character27. (2012·江苏卷·T21)—Can I help you with it?—I appreciate your, but I can manage it myself.A.adviceB.questionC.offerD.idea28.(2012·四川卷·T15) He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of.A.luckB.valueC.timeD.fact29.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ·T19) The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _______ in this city.A.quantityB.progressC.productionD.demand30. (2012·湖南卷·T35) All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health.A.show; areB.shows; areC.show; isD.shows; is31. (2012·陕西卷·T12) The basketball coach, as well as his team, interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A.wereB.wasC.isD.are32.(2013·湖北卷·T21)Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A. perspectiveB.priorityC.participationD.privilege33.(2013·江苏卷·T33)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.lead34.(2013湖北卷T22) Carbon dioxide, which makes a between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.A.differenceparisonC.connectionD.barrier35.(2013江西卷·T22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with.A.curiosityB.satisfactionC.envyD.patience36.(2013江苏卷T21) Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from othersB.areC.wasD.wereT4)As the world’s population continues to grow, the of food becomes more and more of a concern.A.worthB.supplyC.packageD.list38.(2013辽宁卷T23)The accident caused some to my car, but it’s nothing serious.A.harmB.injuryC.ruinD.damage39.(2013天津卷T7)While she was in Paris, she developed a for fine art.A.wayB.relationC.tasteD.habit40.(2013湖南卷T33)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ______ around $8,450 a year, which a burden for some of them.A.are; isB.are; areC.is; areD.is; is41. (2014·福建卷·26)—Could you tell me the of making such tasty cakes?—Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick42. (2014·湖北卷·21)Her for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talentD. technique43. (2014·湖北卷·22)When Richard said,“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected.mandparisonplimentD.contribution44. (2014·浙江卷·6)We most prefer to say yes to the of someone we know and like.A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises45. (2014·江苏卷·27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful_____ in l ast year’s election.A.symbolB.portraitC.identityD.statue46. (2015·安徽卷·30)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some and then let me know.A.thoughtB.supportC.protectionD.authority47. (2015·福建卷·24)The failure was a big to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A.blowB.issueC.excuseD.factor48. (2015·江苏卷·32)Some schools will have to make in agreement with the national soccer reform.A.judgmentsB.adjustmentsmentsD.achievements49. (2015·湖北卷·21)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his and had a bad fall. A.balance B.chance C.memory D.place50. (2015·湖北卷·22)He gave himself a new name to hide his when he went to carry out the secret task. A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure单句语法填空1.(2011江苏卷T22) The fact _____ so many people still smoke in public places ________ (suggest) that we may need a nationwide campaign _______(raise) ______(aware) of the risks of smoking.2.(2011•湖南卷• T26)One-third of the country ________(cover) with trees and _____ majority of the citizens ________(be) black people.3.(2011安徽卷T27) The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________(save) for other ________(purpose).4.(2013福建卷T23)The famous ______(music), as well as his students,(invite) to perform at the _______(open) ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.5.(2014·湖南卷·32) All we need (be) a small piece of land ______ we can plant ________(vary) of fruit trees throughout the ________(grow) seasons of the year.6.(2015·浙江卷·15) One of ________(effect) ways to reduce stress _______(be) to talk about ________(feel) with someone ______ you trust.7.(2015·湖南卷·27) It is important _______(remember) that success is ____ sum of small efforts _______(make) each day and often _______(take) years to achieve.8.Lisa is _____ new graduate from Wuhan University. She ________(apply) to a big company for a post last week. All the ________(interview) said she was ________(good) among all the ___________(apply).9.My boss is known _______(be) the strictest, ________(demand), and the most quick to fire _________(experience) workers, and it was exactly he _______ demanded that I ______(go) to his office to see him the _______(follow) Monday!10.It is just two weeks ______ we received official ________(approve) to go ahead _____ the project, _______ who is in charge has not been ______(official) announced. We hope those government ________(official) can tell us as soon as possible.(一)名词和主谓一致1-5 BCCAC 6-10 AADAA 11-15 ACADB 16-20 CDBBA 21-25 BDABC26-30 CCCDD 31-35 BACDD 36-40 ABDCA 41-45 DACBA 46-50 AABAC1 that, suggests, to raise, awareness2 is covered, the, are3 were saved, purposes4 musician,was invited, opening5 is, where, varieties, growing6 the most effective, is,feelings, who/that7 to remember, a, made, takes8 a, applied, interviewers, the best, applicants9 to be, the most demanding, inexperienced, who/that, should go, following10 since, approval, with, but, officially, officials【答案解析】1.【解析】选B。
名词、代词及主谓一致

名词、代词及主谓一致主谓一致通常遵循三条原则,即语法一致,意义一致和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则即按主语的语法形式(单复数)确定谓语的形式。
1)单数主语后面跟由with,along with,together with,except引导的介词词组时,谓语用单数形式。
例如:The actress, along with her manager and somefriends, is going to a party tonight.2)在either,neither,one,each,every+n.,everyone,everybody,no one,nobody,anyone,someone,somebody,many a,more than one,one of等后面动词应用单数。
例如:One of my friends has a fine collection of stamps ofevery kind and design.If either of you takes a vocation now, we’ll not beable to finish the work.注意在“one of those who/that”结构中,who/that从句后面的动词应用复数。
而在“the only one ofthose who/that”结构中,who/that从句后面的动词应用单数,例如:One of the patients that were operated on has aninfection.She is the only one of those girls who likes football inour class.2. 意义一致原则即按意义而不按形式来确定主语的单复数以及谓语动词的单复数。
1)集合名词表一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。
常见的有:committee, team, club, crowd, family, group, board, firm, jury, troop, government, army, class, staff, party, union, organization, audience 等。
名词做主语时的主谓一致

• 10)复数形式的单复数同形名词做主语时,按意义 一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反 之,谓语用复数。 • 这类名词有:means(方法)works(工厂) species(种类, Chinese, Japanese等。 如 :The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。 • The (These) glass works are near the railway station.这些玻璃厂在火车场附近。 • 当他们面前有a,such a,this,that修饰时, 谓语用单数;有all,such,these,those修饰 时,谓语用复数,但means,no means,the means等词前没有以上修饰词时,可用作单数, 也可用作复数。
4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只 指商店,工厂,住宅等作主语时,谓语动词一般用 单数。 例如:The doctor’s is across the street.
常见的省略词有the baker’s ,the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等 表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主 语时,谓语动词往往用复数。
8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或 工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式. 例如: glasses ,clothes ,trousers ,shoes ,
compasses ,chopsticks ,scissors 等
但如果主语用“a kind of ,a pair of ,a series of 等+名词”构成时,谓语动词一 般用单数形式。
crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party,词的使用情况类似。“a group (crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可 用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。
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名词和主谓一致(一)名词的数名词分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类1.不可数名词不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括专有名词,物质名词和抽象名词,例如:health,advice,glass,wood,English,America。
(2)表示学科名称的以-es结尾的名词常用作单数,例如:mathematics,physics。
(3)某些以-s结尾指单一事物的专有名词常用作单数,例如:the United States,the United Nations2.可数名词可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词,有单,复数形式,复数名词构成方法如下:(1)一般情况在名词后加-s,在清辅音(s,∫,t∫除外)后读[s],在浊辅音后读[z],在s,z,∫,t∫等辅音后读[iz],例如:desks,days,classes。
(2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加es,读作[iz],例如:bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes但是stomach-stomachs(3)以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后加-es,读作[z],例如:hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes 但不少以-o结尾的外来词,变复数时只加-s,如:radio—radios,photo—photos,piano —pianos有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式,如:zero—zeros(zeroes),volcano—volcanos (volcanoes)火山所以-oo结尾的名词只加-s,如:Bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos(4)“辅音+y”结尾的名词,把y改成i再加-es,读作[iz],例如:Factory-factories,country-countries(5)以“元音+y”结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,直接在词尾加-es,读作[z],例如:Boys,toys,Henrys等。
(6)以-f结尾的名词,一般把“f”或“fe”改成“v”再加-es,读作[vz],例如:Leaf—leaves,life—lives但是,roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,serf—serfs等例外(8)不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母,或其他形式,例如:Foot—feet,child—children,mouse—mice]②单,复数形式相同,例如:A sheep—two sheep,a deer—four deer此外还有means,fish,works,以及由汉语音译表示度量衡,币制等单位的名词,yuan (圆),jiao(角),fen(分),jin(斤)等③只有复数形式,例如:Trousers glasses compasses thanks clothes remains ashes contents goods④表示“某国人”名词的单,复数形式因习惯不同而各异,例如:A Chinese-two Chinese a Japanese-two Japanese这类词包括所有以-ese或-ss结尾的民族名称,如Swiss,Portuguese等A German—three Germans这类词还有African,Asians,Australian,Canadian,Belgian等⑤复合名词的复数形式因词而异,例如:Film-goer—film-goers在词末加-sLooker(s)-onSister(s)-in-law(9)有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义,例如:Papers manners goods works grenns hairs times forees spirite(10)一些物质名词有时以复数名词出现,表示不同类别,如:teas(各种茶)(11)word一词作“消息”或“通知”解时,前面不加“a”或“the”,也不用复数形式。
例如:Please send me word of your arrival。
(二)名词的所有格1.表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格一般在名词后加“s‘,其构成形式如下:(1)一般名词后加-s。
例如:my brother`s bag。
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在各词右上方加“’”。
例如:the workers` club。
(3)复合名词所有格的词尾“‘s”加在后面的名词之后,例如:her son-in-law‘s photo。
(4)在表示“某人家”,“店铺”的名词格后面,一般省略它所修饰的名词,2.表示无生命东西的名词,通常采用of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。
例如:The gate of the school,the window of the room。
2.有些表示时间,距离,国家,城市,团体,结构等无生命东西的名词,常采用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系,例如:3.Today‘s newspaper4.在表示所属物的名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词后指示代词时,常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。
例如:A friend of my father‘s(三)主谓一致1.语法形式上的一致。
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式,例如:The number of errors was surprising。
Jane and Mary look alike。
2.意义上一致(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
例如:The crowd were running for their lives。
(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用复数,例如:The news was very exciting。
形复意单的单词有news,works,和一些以ies结尾的学科名称,physics,polities等。
3.就近原则,即谓语动词的单,复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语,如用连词or,either。
or,等连接的并列主语,如过一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近她的主语一致。
如:Either your students or Mr Wang knows this。
4.应注意的几个问题(A)名词作主语(1)某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:His family is going to have a long journey。
这类名词有:audience,class,club,crew,group等。
“a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。
(2)某些集体名词,如:people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数,例如:The police are searching for him。
(3)单,复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单,复数。
例如:A sheep is over there。
(4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商场,工作,住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数,例如:The doctor’s is on the side of the street。
常见的省略名词有:the baker’s, the Babar’s等表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数,例如:Richardson’s have a lot of imported goods to sell.(4)当名词词组中心词为表示度量,距离,金额,时间,书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式,例如:Three years has passed。
(5)Five minutes is enough to do this exercise。
(6)不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式,如:Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future。
(7)如果主语有more than one。
或many a。
构成,尽管从意义上看是单数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
例如:More than one student has seen the film。
但是,“more+复数名词+than one:结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式,如:More members than one are against your plan。
(8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用负数形式。
如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes等。
但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词构成时,谓语用单数。
短语动词一般用单数形式,例如:A pari of choes was on the desk。
(9)This kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语用单数,短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)(这一类人),但this kind of men的谓语用单数,men of this kind和thesekind of men的谓语用单数。
All kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式,例如:This kind of men is dangerous。
(10)复数形式的单,复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,则用单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数,这类名词有:means(方法),worke(工厂),chinese等。
例如:The(this)galss works was set up in 1980。
(这一家玻璃厂在火车站附近)当它们前面有a,such a,this,that修饰时,谓语用单数,有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数。
但“means”“no means”等词前没有以上修饰词时,可以作单数,也可用作复数。
(11)如果名词词组中心词是all。
Most,half,rest等词语,所指是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式,反之,用单数。
例如:All of my calssmates work hard。
(12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致,例如:Between the two windows bangs a picture。