advanced english week 1

I. Word formation exercises1. Match each of the following English suffixes with an appropriate Chinese translation.-ics;-ology;-ic;-itis;-ia;-ectomy /-tomy –oma–oid-ide-osis 肿瘤学（科）学（科）杀与…有关的炎症类，类似…的病，症病变状态切除（术）* asteroid小行星, anthropoid类人的(猿), Caucasoid高加索人种（的）, Australoid, Mongoloid, Negroid，crystalloid类晶体，水晶般的，metalloid 准金属* pathosis，tuberculosis，psychosis，neurosis2．Match each of the following English word forming elements with an appropriate explanation.1)cardi /cardio2)pneum / pneumo3)gastr4)hepat5)enter6)haema / haemo; hema / hemo7)carcin /carcino8)ophthalm9)paedi/pedi/paedo10)derm11)gyn /gyne12)path / patho13)urin / urino a)lungb)liverc)skind)hearte)childf)bloodg)eyeh)stomachi)intestinej)woman/ female k)urinel)diseasem)cancer3. Give each of the following terms an appropriate Chinese translation.1)carcinoid2)carcinectomy3)urinology4)uremia 5)enteritis6)dermatology7)pediatrics8)pathology9)ophthalmology10)appendectomy11)dermatitis12)gynecology13)pneumonic 14)cardiology15)gastric16)hepatic17)neurosis18)germicide4. Give each of the following terms an appropriate English translation.1)血友病2)扁桃腺炎3)扁桃体摘除4)胃切除5)乙型肝炎6)儿科病医生7)非典型性肺炎8)心电图9)癌症学10)纤维瘤11)类风湿病12)心肌炎13)杂交瘤14)动物恐惧症15)癔病（歇斯底里症）16)精神病医生1)血友病hemophilia2)扁桃腺炎tonsillitis3)扁桃体摘除tonsillectomy4)胃切除gastrectomy5)乙型肝炎hepatitis B6)儿科病医生pediatrician7)非典型性肺炎atypical pneumonia8)心电图electrocardiograph9)癌症学cancerology10)纤维瘤fibroma11)类风湿病rheumatoid12)心肌炎myocarditis13)杂交瘤hybridoma14)动物恐惧症zoophobia15)癔病（歇斯底里症）hysteria16)精神病医生psychiatrist练习二、含数字前缀的术语1. 请说出下列与数字相关的英语前缀含义。

1)uni-2)mono-3)multi-4)poly-5)semi-6)hemi-7)di-8)bi-9)amphi-; ambi-10)tri-11)quadr(i)-12)tetra-13)penta-14)quin(qu)-15)hexa-16)sept(i)-17)oct(a)-18)deca-19)deci-20)hect(a)-21)cent-22)centi-23)kilo24)milli-25)mega-26)micro-27)nano-2．根据以上英语前缀，确定与下列汉语术语对应的英语词1)半导体，半球，多维系统，聚氯乙烯2)单轨铁路，单声道录音，单晶硅，一氧化碳3)二极管，二进制，两栖动物，双翼飞机4)三方会谈，三脚凳，三极管，三基色的5)四极管，四肢瘫痪，四头肌，四环素6)五角大楼，现代五项，六边形，六价7)七项全能，七价的，八进制，八极管，8)十进制，分贝，分米，十项全能9)厘米，百米，毫米，千米10)兆字节，兆赫，微米，纳米技术1)半导体semiconductor，半球hemisphere，多维系统multidimensional system，聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloride / polyvinyl chloride / PVC2)单轨铁路monorail，单声道录音monophonic recording，单晶硅monocrystallinesilicon，一氧化碳carbon monoxide3)二极管diode，二进制binary system，两栖动物amphibians，双翼飞机biplane4)三方会谈Three-Party Talks / tripartite talks，三脚凳tripod /trestle，三极管triode，三基色的trichromatic5)四极管tetrode/ quadrode，四肢瘫痪quadriplegia/ tetraplegia，四头肌quadriceps，四环素tetracycline6)五角大楼the Pentagon，现代五项modern pentathlon，六边形hexagon / sexangle，六价sexavalence/ sexavalencey / sexavalent7)七项全能heptathlon，七价的heptavalent，八进制octonary/ octal number system，八极管octode，8)十进制decimal system，分贝decibel，分米decimetre，十项全能decathlon9)厘米centimetre，百米hectometre，毫米millimetre，千米kilometre10)兆字节megabyte(MB)，兆赫megahertz，微米micrometer，纳米技术nanotechnology (NT)3. 根据以上英语数字前缀，给出下列词语的汉译1)hemicrystalline, semiaquatic crocodiles, polycrystalline silicon, multiple cutting edgetool2)monomolecular reactions, monochromatic, unidirectional, unicellular organisms,3)bicentennial, bifocal glasses, dioxin, an ambidextrous handgun4) a triphibian monster, trilingual, trichloroethylene, the Triassic5)tetraoxide, tetratomic, quadruvalent, quadruple transistor6)pentahydrade, quniquemolecular reaction, hexatomic, sextet7)septet, heptode, octangular, octonary signaling8)decameter wave, duodecimal, deciliter, decimeter9)centipede, bicentennial quincentenary, millennium bug, millimeter10)megavolt, megacycle, microwave, nanocircuit1)hemicrystalline半结晶的，半晶质的, semiaquatic crocodiles半水生的鳄鱼,polycrystalline silicon多晶硅, multiple cutting edge tool多刃刀具2)monomolecular reactions单分子反应, monochromatic单色的, unidirectional单向的, unicellular organisms单细胞生物（体）,3)bicentennial两百周年（的）, bifocal glasses双光眼镜；双重焦点透镜, dioxin二恶英, an ambidextrous handgun可任意用左手或右手射击的手枪4) a triphibian monster, trilingual, trichloroethylene三氯乙烯, the Triassic三叠纪5)tetroxide四氧化物, tetratomic四原子的, quadrivalent四价的, quadruple transistor6)pentahydrate五水化物, quniquemolecular reaction五分子反应, hexatomic六原子的, sextet六个一组；六重奏（乐团）；7)septet七人组；七重奏, heptode七极管, octangular八边形的；八角的, octonarysignaling八进制信号发送；八进制通信8)decameter wave十米波, duodecimal十二进制的, deciliter分升, decimeter分米9)centipede蜈蚣；百足虫, bicentennial，quincentenary第五百周年, millennium bug千年虫, millimetre毫米10)megavolt兆伏, megacycle兆周=megahertz, microwave微波, nanocircuit 纳米（集成）电路,毫微（集成）电路,超小型集成电路练习三、含其它词缀与词干的术语1. 阅读下列各组词语，解释每组词语中主要词缀或词干的意义。

例：voltmeter, amperemeter, chronometer, decibelmeter，thermometer-meter：instrument for measuring 计，仪，表，1)pseudonym, pseudo-democratic, pseudo pregnancy, pseudoscience2)genocide, insecticide, pesticide, homicide, infanticide3)chlorophyll, chlorite, chlorine, sodium chloride叶绿素，亚氯酸盐，氯气，氯化钠4)Mesolithic, mesothorax, medieval, median, mediator, Mediterranean5)thermometer, thermonuclear, thermophilic, thermal conductivity6)transliterate, transcription, transformer, transmitter, transplant*transliteration vs phonetic transcription转写与音译In transliteration, more attention is given to morphological aspects of the lexical item whereas in phonetic transcription, accuracy in reflecting the pronunciation of the source word is more important.An instance of transliteration:The same morphological form of the name “Hu jingtao” applies to any of the major Roman script languages (English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, etc), but its pronunciation may vary from language to language.An instance of phonetic transcriptionThe morphological forms of the name of the Russian leader Putin vary from English to French. In order to maintain a pronunciation similar to that of the original, the French form of the name is “Poutine”, instead of “Putin”. The latter might sound extremely offensive in French as it is pronounced the same way as “putain” (prostitute).People may sometimes choose to observe rules for transliteration, and sometimes opt forrules of phonetic transcription.e.g. Van Gogh (fan gao instead of fan huohe in Chinese)Changyu AFIB Global(the original Chinese name might have been phonetically transcribed as Tschang yű in French.)7)circulation, circumnavigation, circumference, circumlunar8)eject, emigrate, export, emitter, exhaust, expatriate9)auditorium，sanatorium，solarium，aquarium，10)audible alarm, inaudible sound, audience, audiovisual11)chronometer, chronological order, synchronizer12)predict, Dictaphone, benediction13)telegram, telegraph, cartography, geography, electrocardiogram14)mortality, mortal, mortuary, immortal15)dealcoholize, dehydration, deasphalt, derail, dehumidify, deodorant16)dermatology, epidermis, hypodermis17)psycholinguistics, psychology, psychiatry, psychoneurotic18)geophysics, geothermal, geology, geochronology, terrain, extraterrestrial, territorial，Mediterranean19)hydroelectric power plant, hydraulics, hydrocarbon, hydromechanics20)orthodox, orthodontics, orthography, orthopaedics21)pseudonym, synonym, antonym, nomination, nominal power, nomenclature22)asexual, achromatic, anachronism, apathetic, asymmetric, anarchy, anarchism,23)pneumatic tools, atypical pneumonia, hydropneumatic 液压气动的24)symphony, phonetics, stereophonic, phonometer测音器, sonority, supersonic, subsonic25)telescope, microscope, periscope, stereoscope26)anthropology misanthrope philanthropic27)philosophy, philotechnic, philharmonic, anglophile28)zoophobia, technophobia, xenophobe, Anglophobic,29)heterocharge, heterochromosome, heterodox, heteromorphic30)homosexual, homocharge, homonym, homopolar阅读下列各组词语，解释每组词语中主要词缀或词干的意义。